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What changed in Abacus Global Management, Inc.'s 10-K2022 vs 2023

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Paragraph-level year-over-year comparison of Abacus Global Management, Inc.'s 2022 and 2023 10-K annual filings, covering the Business, Risk Factors, Legal Proceedings, Cybersecurity, MD&A and Market Risk sections. Every new, removed and edited paragraph is highlighted side-by-side so you can see exactly what management changed in the 2023 report.

+712 added797 removedSource: 10-K (2024-03-21) vs 10-K (2023-04-18)

Top changes in Abacus Global Management, Inc.'s 2023 10-K

712 paragraphs added · 797 removed · 15 edited across 7 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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Item 1. Business. Overview We are an early stage blank check company incorporated on May 22, 2020 as a Delaware corporation and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses, which we refer to throughout this report as our initial business combination.
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Business CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future.
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We intend to capitalize on the ability of our management team to identify, acquire and operate a business in the energy industry in North America, though we reserve the right to pursue an acquisition opportunity in any business or industry.
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In addition to historical financial analysis, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions . All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
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Significant Activities Since Inception On July 27, 2020, the Company consummated its initial public offering (“initial public offering”) of 30,000,000 units (the “initial units”). On August 25, 2020, we consummated the full exercise of the underwriters’ 4,500,000 unit over-allotment option (the “over-allotment units”; collectively with the initial units, the “units”).
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Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: the potential impact of our business relationships, including with our employees, customers and competitors; changes in general economic, business and political conditions, including changes in the financial markets; weakness or adverse changes in the level of activity in our sector or the sectors of our affiliated companies, which may be caused by, among other things, high or increasing interest rates, or a weak U.S. economy; significant competition that our operating subsidiaries face; compliance with extensive government regulation; and other risks detailed in the those set forth under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this document and in our other public filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
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Each unit consists of one share of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Class A common stock”), and one-half of one warrant (“public warrant”), each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share.
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Our Mission Abacus Life Inc.’s (“Abacus” or the “Company”) mission is to educate all life insurance policy owners that their life insurance policy is personal property and to educate investors about alternatives to traditional investments using lifespan based products as a core strategy.
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The units were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $300,000,000.
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Abacus Overview Abacus is a leading vertically integrated alternative asset manager and market maker, specializing in longevity and actuarial technology. The company is democratizing the life insurance space through groundbreaking new channels: ABL Tech, ABL Wealth, and ABL Longevity Growth and Income Funds.
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Simultaneously with the consummation of the initial public offering and the sale of the units, the Company consummated the private placement (“private placement”) of an aggregate of 8,000,000 warrants (“private placement warrants”) to our Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per private placement warrant, generating total proceeds of $8,000,000.
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Since 2004, Abacus has purchased life insurance policies from consumers seeking liquidity and has actively managed those policies over time (via trading, holding, and/or servicing). With over $5 billion in face value of policies purchased, Abacus has helped thousands of clients maximize the value of life insurance.
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Simultaneously with the consummation of the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, the Company consummated a sale of an additional 900,000 private placement warrants to our Sponsor generating additional proceeds of $900,000.
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Over the past 20 years, the company has built an institutionalized origination and portfolio management process that is supported by a 100+ person team, long-term relationships with 78 institutional partners and 30,000 financial advisors, and the ability to operate in 49 states.
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A total of $345,000,000 of the net proceeds from our initial public offering (including the over-allotment) and the private placement with the Sponsor were deposited in a trust account established for the benefit of the Company’s public stockholders. Our units began trading on July 24, 2020 on NASDAQ under the symbol ERESU.
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The Company complies with applicable HIPAA and privacy laws to maintain and protect confidentiality of financial, health and medical information. Abacus is also proud to be a BBB Accredited Business with an A+ rating.
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On September 14, 2020, the securities comprising the units began separate trading. The common stock and warrants trade on NASDAQ under the symbols “ERES” and “ERESW,” respectively.
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Underwriting Abacus’ origination guidelines focus on the age, gender and health of the insured, the duration, mortality risk and face value of the underlying life insurance policy, the projected internal rate of return of the investment in the underlying life insurance policy after taking into account the cost of making continued premium payments, and the ultimate amount and timing of the death benefit.
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On July 25, 2022, we convened a special meeting of stockholders at which a proposal to extend the date by which we have to complete an initial business combination from July 27, 2022 to January 27, 2023 (the “First Extension Amendment Proposal”) was approved.
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These guidelines are designed to allow the Company to target the life insurance policies that it believes will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns. The Company invests primarily in non-variable universal life insurance policies. 1 Table of Conten ts Origination Our proven policy origination process, known as “origination services” first locates policies and screens them for eligibility for a life settlement.
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In connection with the special meeting, our stockholders were provided an opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Class A common stock, and stockholders holding 24,781,028 shares of Class A common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account.
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This process includes verifying that the policy is in force, obtaining consent forms, and making disclosures to, policy owners, and obtaining or generating life expectancy estimates.
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Consequently, approximately $248,087,256 (approximately $10.01 per share) was removed from the trust account to pay such redeeming holders.
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We generate fees on the policies we originate, which are sourced from three channels: (i) a network of approximately 30,000 financial advisors and agents, (ii) direct-to-consumer and (iii) a number of traditional life settlements intermediaries that submit policies to us on behalf of a financial advisor, agent or other client.
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Additionally, in connection with the approval of the First Extension Amendment Proposal, we issued a promissory note (the “First Extension Note”) in the principal amount of up to $1,924,356 to our Sponsor, pursuant to which our Sponsor agreed to loan us up to $1,924,356.
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Portfolio Management Once identified, we utilize our proprietary “heat-map” technology platform to determine the initial risk and viability of policies.
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The First Extension Note bears no interest and is repayable in full upon the earlier of (a) the date of the consummation of the our initial business combination or (b) the date of our liquidation.
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Thereafter, a purchased policy is “actively managed,” whereby we consistently monitor the policy risk to optimize revenue by choosing to either (x) trade the policy to a third-party institutional investor (i.e., receive a trade spread) or (y) hold the policy over time (i.e., pay premiums and receive payout).
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In order to further extend the period we have to complete our initial business combination beyond the 27th of a given month until January 27, 2023, our Sponsor deposited an additional $320,726 into the trust account commencing on July 27, 2022 and on the 27th of each subsequent month until December 27, 2022.
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Additionally, we service policies on behalf of third parties for which we receive fee-based revenue based on a percentage of policy value. Our multi-faceted and dynamic revenue model is made possible by the fact that we sit at the heart of the entire life settlements industry. Our revenue generation platform and economic model is best summarized below: 1.
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As of December 31, 2022, $1,924,356 had been deposited into trust account by our Sponsor.
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Origination Fees (paid as a percentage of face value of acquired policies) 2. Active Management (spreads for traded policies and realized returns for held policies) 3.
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On August 30, 2022, the Company, LMA Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“LMA Merger Sub”), Abacus Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Abacus Merger Sub”), Longevity Market Assets, LLC, a Florida limited liability company (“LMA”) and Abacus Settlements, LLC, a Florida limited liability company (“Abacus”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, as amended on October 14, 2022 (as it may be 4 further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with its terms, the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions precedent in the Merger Agreement, (i) LMA Merger Sub will merge with and into LMA, with LMA surviving such merger as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “LMA Merger”) and (ii) Abacus Merger Sub will merge with and into Abacus, with Abacus surviving such merger as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Abacus Merger” and, together with the LMA Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Business Combination”).
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Third Party Portfolio Servicing (paid as a percentage of total asset value) We are currently a leader in the life settlements industry, with approximately 20% market share based on our 2021 capital invested/total industry capital invested and data compiled in a 2021 report by The Deal and Life Settlements Report, a U.S. life settlements industry news source.
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The Business Combination is expected to be consummated in the first half of 2023, subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions.
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Data for the report was aggregated from each state based on 2021 annual reporting. We have a proven track record of growth and strong asset returns. We are currently operational in 49 states, which is a key differentiator in an industry with high barriers to entry given the significant regulatory requirements.
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Subject to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the aggregate merger consideration with respect to the holders of issued and outstanding limited liability company interests in LMA and Abacus will consist of approximately $531.8 million, payable in a number of newly issued shares of Class A common stock at a deemed value of $10.00 per share, with a portion of the aggregate merger consideration payable in cash upon the satisfaction of certain conditions.
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Our business is supported by a total of approximately 106 employees and an innovative leadership team, with an average of over 20 years of experience in the industry.
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For additional information regarding the Merger Agreement, see the Company's Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on August 30, 2022 and October 14, 2022, and the Company’s preliminary proxy statement (as amended, the “Proxy Statement”), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on October 14, 2022.
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We operate through our two principle subsidiaries, Abacus Settlements, LLC, which was formed as a New York limited liability company in 2004 and LMA Group, LLC, which was formed in 2017 as a Florida limited liability company. In 2016, Abacus Settlements was licensed in Florida as a life settlement broker and became a Florida limited liability company.
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On January 20, 2023, we convened a special meeting of stockholders at which a proposal to extend the date by which we have to complete a business combination from January 27, 2023 to July 27, 2023 (the “Second Extension Amendment Proposal”) was approved.
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We are not an insurance company, are not licensed or regulated as an insurance company and therefore do not underwrite insurable risks for our own account. Our Industry Large Addressable Market with Meaningful Growth Potential We operate within a large, growing and currently under penetrated market.
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In connection with the special meeting, our stockholders were provided an opportunity to redeem all or a portion of their Class A common stock, and stockholders holding 6,862,925 shares of Class A common stock exercised their right to redeem such shares for a pro rata portion of the funds in the trust account.
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The face value of all in force U.S. life insurance industry policies is approximately $13 trillion. Historically, more than 90% of life insurance policies in force did not pay a claim.
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Consequently, approximately $70,070,464 (approximately $10.21 per share) was removed from the trust account to pay such redeeming holders.
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Based on industry forecasts, approximately 75% of policyholders over the age of 65 will either cancel their policies or allow their coverage to lapse, forfeiting the right to ever receive a full payout.
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Additionally, in connection with the approval of the Second Extension Amendment Proposal, we issued a promissory note (the “Second Extension Note” and, together with the First Extension Note, the “Extension Notes”) in the principal amount of up to $565,497 to our Sponsor, pursuant to which our Sponsor agreed to loan us up to $565,497.
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The life settlements industry helps solve this problem by allowing policyholders the opportunity to monetize their policies. 2 Table of Conten ts The combination of the large U.S. life insurance market and the high percentage of policies that never pay a claim creates a considerable opportunity for Abacus and the broader life settlements industry.
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The Second Extension Note bears no interest and is repayable in full upon the earlier of (a) the date of the consummation of the our initial business combination or (b) the date of our liquidation.
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Specifically, the scale of the life settlements market opportunity is $233 billion each year. However, in 2021, the life settlements industry only captured $4 billion, or approximately 2% of the annual market of lapsed life insurance policies.
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In order to further extend the period we have to complete our initial business combination beyond the 27th of a given month until July 27, 2023, our Sponsor will deposit an additional $94,250 into the trust account commencing on January 27, 2023 and on the 27th of each subsequent month until July 27, 2023.
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We believe there is a significant opportunity to increase this market penetration, primarily by driving awareness and education regarding the ability to monetize life insurance policies by utilizing our services. Life insurance is often a senior citizen’s largest asset and one that can be used to alleviate retirement challenges, but it is rarely treated in this way.
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As of April 17, 2023, $282,750 had been deposited into trust account by our Sponsor.
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This can be partially attributed to the fact that almost half of all financial advisors are not aware that selling a life insurance policy is an option for their clients.
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Business Strategy Our acquisition and value creation strategy is to source, acquire and, after our initial business combination, grow a company in the energy industry in North America that complements the experience of our management team and Board and can benefit from their respective operational and financial expertise and experience through multiple industry cycles.
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We help financial advisors and their clients understand that a life insurance policy is personal property and selling it for a fair market value is a legitimate, safe and viable choice that creates more investment options for the client.
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We believe the deep industry and investing experience of our directors, the extensive experience of our Chief Executive Officer, Terrence M.
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While less than 1% of financial advisors and agents transact in the life settlements market, based on research conducted by the Life Insurance Settlement Association, the primary industry trade association for the U.S. life settlements industry, we believe approximately 90% of senior citizens who let their life insurance policies lapse or surrendered their policies, would have considered this alternative if they had been made aware of it before lapsing or surrendering their policies.
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Pegula, and the rest of our management team that has operated through numerous market cycles and our operating platform’s deep geological knowledge, uniquely positions us to identify, source, negotiate and execute a business combination with attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders.
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The reference to this study can be found at the Life Insurance Settlement Association—https://www.lisa.org/life-settlements-industry-will-grow-as-more-seniors-are-informed-of-their-options-say-experts-at-lisa-conference/. Selling a life insurance policy is a valuable transaction and for those consumers who transact, the benefits can be substantial. On average, life settlements companies pay sellers nearly eight times more than the current cash value of a policy.
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We believe that there is a unique and timely opportunity to achieve attractive returns by acquiring and exploiting oil and natural gas E&P assets in proven basins with extensive production history and limited geologic risk, though we reserve the right to pursue an acquisition opportunity in any business or industry. Our acquisition strategy will leverage Mr.
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Selling a life insurance policy not only alleviates the requirement for a policyholder to pay premiums but creates a meaningful and immediate monetization event. Sellers use these proceeds in a variety of ways, including to support their retirement, transfer wealth and pay medical bills.
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Pegula’s extensive experience and relationships built over more than 40 years of forming and operating oil and gas companies, and the financial and operational expertise of the rest of our team, to identify potential proprietary and public transaction opportunities that we believe could benefit from our knowledge and experience and that offer the potential for an attractive risk-adjusted return profile under our operatorship.
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Generally Uncorrelated Alternative Asset Class with Institutional Investment Grade Counterparts While selling life insurance policies at a fair market value can have significantly positive impacts on a person’s life, it is a mutually beneficial transaction. The underlying life insurance policy is a highly attractive asset that has minimal payout risk and generally uncorrelated returns.
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Mr. Pegula and other members of our management team have developed a broad network of contacts and corporate relationships over their careers that we believe will serve as a useful source of acquisition opportunities.
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The counterparties to these transactions are generally high-quality investment grade insurance companies. In fact, greater than 90% of our carriers have an “A Rating” or better. Additionally, these life insurance policies are cash backed by the carriers, which means they are required to pay policy claims ahead of any other contractual obligation, including senior debt.
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Our ability to evaluate public/private and brokered/non-brokered deals provides us exposure to an extraordinarily broad set of potential acquisition opportunities in the energy sector that is not broadly available to our potential competitors.
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In addition to counterparty quality, this is a largely acyclical asset class. A life insurance policy is sometimes described as a “mortality-driven zero-coupon bond” because its underlying value will appreciate over time as it approaches maturity (i.e., as the policyholder ages). This is best demonstrated when comparing our historical risk-adjusted returns relative to other benchmark asset classes.
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In addition to industry and lending community relationships, we plan to leverage relationships with management teams of public and private companies, family offices, private equity firms, value chain partners, investment bankers, restructuring advisers, attorneys and accountants, which we believe should 5 provide us with numerous business combination opportunities.
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We are at the Heart of the Life Settlements Industry Abacus’ Origination Model Our “Origination Process” is core to our entire business and drives our economics.
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In connection with our search for a suitable business combination target, members of our management team and Board communicate with their networks of relationships to articulate the parameters for our search for a target business and a potential business combination and begin the process of pursuing and reviewing potentially interesting leads.
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We’re paid a percentage of face value in origination fees on policies and have spent the last 20 years developing three high quality origination channels (financial advisors or agents, direct to consumer and life settlements brokers).
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Our business strategy is focused on identifying and acquiring long-lived assets with relatively stable decline profiles and low fixed costs supported by existing production and cash flow, but that we believe are underperforming their potential.
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An example of our target market includes policyholders over 75 years old whose insurance need for life insurance is outweighed by the benefit of immediate cash. We then focus our origination process on these 3 Table of Conten ts targeted individuals, developing processes and procedures for identifying and screening policies that have attractive potential returns.
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Even fundamentally sound companies can underperform their full-potential due to numerous factors, including underinvestment, a temporary period of dislocation in the markets in which they operate, over-levered capital structures, excessive cost structures, incomplete management teams and/or inappropriate business strategies. Our management team has extensive experience in identifying and executing such full-potential acquisitions in the energy industry.
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We have three distinct origination channels to reach this target market. 1. Financial Advisor or Agent —Our largest origination channel involves working directly with financial advisors to facilitate the sale of client policies. Since our founding, we have been at the forefront of developing this market and are now ingrained in a network of over 30,000 financial advisors.
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We plan to capitalize on the broad range of our team’s skill sets, backgrounds, experiences, and other intellectual capital to identify and realize unexploited value. Our management team and Board have successfully executed on this business strategy across multiple energy market cycles, identifying value that the broader market has not recognized and acquiring assets at attractive valuations.
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We are currently on multiple national financial advisory platforms, we present at conferences, and we develop marketing tools to help advisors efficiently present the benefits of life insurance settlements to their clients. As we highlighted earlier, just under half of financial advisors are unaware this financial option exists and less than 1% have completed a life settlement transaction.
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Furthermore, we believe in taking a conservative approach to valuation. When implementing our business strategy, we place significant emphasis on cash-on-cash returns, which we plan to maximize by (i) employing a conservative capital allocation strategy based on full cycle economics and (ii) focusing on implementation of cost reductions and enhancement of existing asset efficiency.
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This origination channel has driven our significant growth over the last five years, and we believe it will continue to be a priority for our future growth. 2. Direct to Consumer —We have been building this channel for several years beginning in 202_ and have focused heavily on increasing broad consumer awareness and education regarding life insurance settlements.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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Biggest changeWe are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
Biggest changeThese provisions include: (1) an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, (3) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation arrangements in our periodic reports, registration statements and proxy statements and (4) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable.
An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable.
This may make comparison of our financial statements with another emerging growth company that has not opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or 47 impossible because of the potential differences in account ing standards used.
This may make comparison of our financial statements with another emerging growth company that has not opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive if we rely on these exemptions.
If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.
If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities. The market price of our securities may be more volatile. Our management has limited experience in operating a public company. Our executive officers have limited experience in the management of a publicly traded company.
If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us, and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
If we experience additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations.
As part of such process, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.
In the past, we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that existed as of December 31, 2022, which were remediated as of December 31, 2023.
Item 1A. Ri sk Factors. You should carefully consider all of the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this report, including the financial statements. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition or operating results may be materially and adversely affected.
Item 1A. Risk Factors The following discussion of "Risk Factors" identifies factors that may adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition or future performance. This information should be read in conjunction with "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes.
If we identify any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit our ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements.
In the future we may discover additional material weaknesses in our system of internal financial and accounting controls and procedures that could result in a material misstatement of our financial statements. Our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud.
Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, investments and results of operations.
Those limitations could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.
Removed
In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risk factors described below are not necessarily exhaustive and you are encouraged to perform your own investigation with respect to us and our business.
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The following discussion of risks is not all-inclusive but is designed to highlight what we believe are the material factors to consider when evaluating our business and expectations. These factors could cause our future results to differ materially from our historical results and from expectations reflected in forward-looking statements.
Removed
The risks include the following summary risk factors: • our ability to select an appropriate target business or businesses; • our ability to complete our initial business combination; • our expectations around the performance of a prospective target business or businesses; • our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination; • our officers and directors allocating their time to other businesses and potentially having conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination; • our potential ability to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination; • our pool of prospective target businesses; • any adverse effects stemming from economic, business or competitive factors; • any volatility in the markets caused by geopolitical and economic factors; • our ability to consummate an initial business combination due to the uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, including as a result of the military conflict in Ukraine; • the ability of our officers and directors to generate a number of potential investment opportunities; • our public securities’ potential liquidity and trading; • our ability to meet NASDAQ’s listing standards before and after the initial business combination; • the lack of a market for our securities; • the potential tax implications of redemptions of our Class A common stock; • the use of proceeds not held in the trust account or available to us from interest income on the trust account balance; • the trust account potentially being subject to claims of third parties; • any litigation, complaints and/or adverse publicity; • any changes in applicable laws or regulations; or 20 • our financial performance.
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Risks Related to the Business of the Company The Company’s valuation of life insurance policies is uncertain as many life insurance policies’ values are tied to their actual maturity date and any erroneous valuations could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business.
Removed
The risk factors related to the proposed Business Combination are set forth in the Proxy Statement filed with the SEC, which will be distributed to our stockholders in advance of the special meeting held in connection with the proposed Business Combination.
Added
The valuation of life insurance policies involves inherent uncertainty (including, without limitation, the life expectancies of insureds and future increases in premium costs to keep the policies in force).
Removed
We are an early stage company with no operating history and no revenues, and you have no basis on which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective. We are an early stage company with limited operating results.
Added
There is no guarantee that the value determined with respect to a particular life settlement policy by the Company will represent the value that will be realized by the Company on the eventual disposition of the related investment or that would, in fact, be realized upon an immediate disposition of the investment.
Removed
Because we lack significant operating history, you have little basis upon which to evaluate our ability to achieve our business objective of completing our initial business combination with one or more target businesses. We may be unable to complete our business combination. If we fail to complete our business combination, we will never generate any operating revenues.
Added
In addition, there can be no guarantee that such valuation accurately reflects the current present value of such life insurance policy at its actual maturity. Uncertainties as to the valuation of life insurance policies held by the Company could require adjustments to reported net asset values and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business.
Removed
Our public stockholders may not be afforded an opportunity to vote on our proposed business combination, which means we may complete our initial business combination even though a majority of our public stockholders do not support such a combination.
Added
Uncertainties as to the valuation may also result in the Company being less competitive in the market for originating new life settlement policies and could adversely affect the profits the Company realizes on life settlements purchased and sold. The Company could fail to accurately forecast life expectancies.
Removed
We may not hold a stockholder vote to approve our initial business combination unless the business combination would require stockholder approval under applicable law or stock exchange listing requirements or if we decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons.
Added
There may also be changes to life expectancies generally, resulting in people living longer in the future, which could result in a lower return on the Company’s life settlement policies. Prices for life insurance policies and annuities that may be obtained by the Company depend, in large measure, upon the life expectancy of the underlying insureds.
Removed
Except as required by law, the decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors, such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval.
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The returns of the Company’s hold portfolio is almost entirely dependent upon how accurate the actual longevity of an insured is as compared to the Company’s expectation for that insured. Life expectancies are estimates of the expected longevity or mortality of an insured.
Removed
Accordingly, we may complete our initial business combination even if holders of a majority of our public shares do not approve of the business combination we complete. Please see the section of this report entitled “Business—Stockholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve our Initial Business Combination” for additional information.
Added
In determining the life expectancy of an insured, the Company relies on medical underwriting conducted by various medical underwriting firms. The medical underwriting process underlying life expectancy estimates is highly subjective, and mortality and longevity estimates are inherently uncertain.
Removed
If we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, our Sponsor has agreed to vote in favor of such initial business combination, regardless of how our public stockholders vote.
Added
In addition, there can be no assurance that the applicable medical underwriting firm received accurate or complete information regarding the health of an insured under a life insurance policy, or that such insured’s health has not changed since the information was received.
Removed
Unlike many other blank check companies in which the initial stockholders agree to vote their founder shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by the public stockholders in connection with an initial business combination, our Sponsor agreed to vote its founder shares, as well as any public shares purchased during or after offering, in favor of our initial business combination.
Added
Different medical underwriting firms use different methods and may arrive at materially different mortality estimates for the same individual based on the same information, thus causing a life insurance policy’s value to vary.
Removed
As our Sponsor, officers and directors currently hold more than the majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock and our Sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to vote their shares in favor of a proposed business combination and not redeem any of their shares in connection with such stockholder vote, their vote is sufficient to have our initial business combination approved.
Added
Moreover, as methods of calculating mortality estimates change over time, a mortality estimate prepared by any medical underwriting firm in connection with the acquisition of a life insurance policy may be different from a mortality estimate prepared by the same person at a later time.
Removed
Accordingly, if we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, we will have the necessary stockholder approval, whereas that may not have been the case if our Sponsor had agreed to vote its founder shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by our public stockholders.
Added
The valuation of the life insurance policies will vary depending on the dates of the related mortality estimates and the medical underwriting firms that provide the supporting information.
Removed
Your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding a potential business combination will be limited to the exercise of your right to redeem your shares from us for cash, unless we seek stockholder approval of the business combination. You may not be provided with an opportunity to evaluate the specific merits or risks of one or more target businesses.
Added
Other factors, including, but not limited to, better access to health care, better adherence to treatment plans, improved nutritional habits, improved lifestyle, an improved economic environment and a higher standard of living could also lead to increases in the longevity of the insureds under the life insurance policies.
Removed
Since our Board may complete a business combination without seeking stockholder approval, public stockholders may not have the right or opportunity to vote on the business combination, unless we seek such stockholder vote.
Added
In addition to other factors affecting the accuracy of life expectancy estimates, improvements in 11 Table of Conten ts medicine, disease treatment, pharmaceuticals and other medical and health services may enable insureds to live longer. The actual longevity of an insured may be materially different than the predicted mortality estimate.
Removed
Accordingly, if we do not seek stockholder approval, your only opportunity to affect the investment decision regarding a potential business combination may be limited to exercising your redemption rights within the period of time (which will be at least 20 business days) set forth in our tender offer documents mailed to our public stockholders in which we describe our initial business combination. 21 The ability of our public stockholders to redeem their shares for cash may make our financial condition unattractive to potential business combination targets, which may make it difficult for us to enter into a business combination with a target.
Added
If the actual maturity date of life insurance policies are longer than projected, it would delay when the Company could expect to receive a return on its investment and the Company may be unable to meet its investment objectives and goals.
Removed
We may seek to enter into a business combination transaction agreement with a prospective target that requires as a closing condition that we have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash.
Added
For example, a term life insurance policy in which the Company may invest have a stated expiration date on the date at which the underlying insured reaches a certain attained age and, beyond such date, the issuing insurance company may not be obligated to pay the face value, but rather only the cash surrender value which is usually maintained at a low value by investors, if any, in accordance with the terms of such life insurance policy.
Removed
If too many public stockholders exercise their redemption rights, we would not be able to meet such closing condition and, as a result, would not be able to proceed with the business combination.
Added
Therefore, if the underlying insured survives to the stated maturity date set forth in the terms of the life insurance policy, the issuing insurance company may only be obligated to pay an amount substantially less than the face value, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of the Company.
Removed
Furthermore, in no event will we redeem our public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 upon completion of our initial business combination (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules) or any greater net tangible asset or cash requirement that may be contained in the agreement relating to our initial business combination.
Added
The medical underwriting and other firms that provide information for the Company’s forecasts of life expectancies are generally not regulated by the U.S. federal or state governments, with the exception of the states of Florida and Texas, which require life expectancy providers to register with their respective offices of insurance regulation.
Removed
Consequently, if accepting all properly submitted redemption requests would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 upon completion of our initial business combination or such greater amount necessary to satisfy a closing condition as described above, we would not proceed with such redemption and the related business combination and may instead search for an alternate business combination.
Added
There can be no assurance that this business will not become more broadly regulated and, if so, that any such regulation would not have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Company to establish appropriate life expectancies in connection with the purchase or sale of policies.
Removed
Prospective targets will be aware of these risks and, thus, may be reluctant to enter into a business combination transaction with us. The ability of our public stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares may not allow us to complete the most desirable business combination or optimize our capital structure.
Added
The Company’s policy acquisitions are limited by the market availability of life insurance policies that meet the Company’s eligibility criteria and purchase parameters, and failure to secure a sufficient number of quality life insurance policies could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.
Removed
At the time we enter into an agreement for our initial business combination, we will not know how many public stockholders may exercise their redemption rights, and therefore will need to structure the transaction based on our expectations as to the number of shares that will be submitted for redemption.
Added
The life insurance policy secondary market has grown substantially in the past several years, however, as to whether and how it will continue to develop is uncertain. There are only a limited number of life insurance policies available in the market from time to time.
Removed
If our business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, we will need to reserve a portion of the cash in the trust account to meet such requirements, or arrange for third party financing.
Added
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to source life insurance policies on terms acceptable to the Company. As more investment funds flow into the market for life insurance policies, margins may be squeezed and the value of the collateral may become comparatively more expensive to purchase or subject to greater competition on the purchase side.
Removed
In addition, if a larger number of shares are submitted for redemption than we initially expected, we may need to restructure the transaction to reserve a greater portion of the cash in the trust account or arrange for third party financing.
Added
There can be no assurance that secondary market life insurance policies will be available to the Company on satisfactory or competitive terms.
Removed
Raising additional third party financing may involve dilutive equity issuances or the incurrence of indebtedness at higher than desirable levels. The above considerations may limit our ability to complete the most desirable business combination available to us or optimize our capital structure.
Added
The supply of life insurance policies available in the market may be reduced by, among other things: (i) improvement in the economy, resulting in higher investment returns to insureds and other owners of life insurance policies from their investment portfolios; (ii) improvements in health insurance coverage, limiting the need of insureds to obtain funds to pay the cost of their medical treatment by selling their life insurance policies; (iii) the entry into the market of less reputable third-party brokers who submit inaccurate or false life insurance policy information to the Company; (iv) the establishment of new licensing requirements for market participants and a delay in complying or an inability to comply with such new requirements; or (v) refusal of the carrier that issued a life insurance policy to consent to its transfer.
Removed
The amount of the deferred underwriting commissions payable to the underwriters will not be adjusted for any shares that are redeemed in connection with a business combination.
Added
A change in the availability of life insurance policies could adversely affect the Company’s ability to execute its strategy and meet its objectives. The Company may experience increased competition from originating life insurance companies, life insurance brokers, and investment funds which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.
Removed
The per-share amount we will distribute to stockholders who properly exercise their redemption rights will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commission and after such redemptions, the per-share value of shares held by non-redeeming stockholders will reflect our obligation to pay the deferred underwriting commissions.
Added
Life insurance companies have begun offering to repurchase their own in-force life insurance policies from their current policyholders by offering “enhanced cash surrender value payments” above the amount of the net cash surrender value provided under the life insurance contracts’ terms and thus compete directly with the Company and other life settlement providers.
Removed
The ability of our public stockholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of our shares could increase the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation in order to redeem your stock.
Added
The life settlements industry has challenged the legal validity of the life insurance companies’ actions, and some state insurance regulators have declared that these 12 Table of Conten ts repurchase offers are unlawful while other state insurance regulators have approved them.
Removed
If our business combination agreement requires us to use a portion of the cash in the trust account to pay the purchase price, or requires us to have a minimum amount of cash at closing, the probability that our initial business combination would be unsuccessful is increased.
Added
To the extent that life insurance companies can seek to repurchase their own in-force life insurance policies, they present competition to the Company in acquiring policies. In addition, the Company is subject to significant competition from other life settlement brokers and investment funds for the purchase of life settlement policies.
Removed
If our initial business combination is unsuccessful, you would not receive your pro rata portion of the trust account until we liquidate the trust account.
Added
Increased competition for life settlement policies may result in the Company being unable to access the number of life settlement policies that it desires for its business at prices that it deems acceptable.
Removed
If you are in need of immediate liquidity, you could attempt to sell your stock in the open market; however, at such time our stock may trade at a discount to the pro rata amount per share in the trust account.
Added
Historically, there has been a negative public perception of the life settlement industry that could affect the value and/or liquidity of the Company’s investments and the life settlement industry faces political opposition from life insurance companies which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.
Removed
In either situation, you may suffer a material loss on your investment or lose the benefit of funds expected in connection with our redemption until we liquidate or you are able to sell your stock in the open market.
Added
Many regulators, lawmakers and other governmental authorities, as well as many insurance companies and insurance industry organizations, are hostile to or otherwise concerned about certain aspects of the longevity-contingent asset markets.
Removed
The requirement that we complete our initial business combination within the prescribed time frame may give potential target businesses leverage over us in negotiating a business combination and may decrease our ability to conduct due diligence on potential business combination targets as we approach our dissolution deadline, which could undermine our ability to complete our business combination on terms that would produce value for our stockholders.
Added
The life settlement industry and some of its participants have also been, and may continue to be, portrayed negatively in a number of widely read publications and other forms of media. These opponents regularly contend that life settlement transactions are contrary to public policy by promoting financial speculation on human life and often involve elements of fraud and other wrongdoing.
Removed
Any potential target business with which we enter into negotiations concerning a business combination will be aware that we must complete our initial business combination by July 27, 2023.
Added
Continued public opposition to the life settlement industry, as well as actual or alleged wrongdoing by participants in the industry, could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its investors, including on the value and/or liquidity of the Company’s investments.
Removed
Consequently, such target 22 business may obtain leverage over us in negotiating a business combination, knowing that if we do not complete our initial business combination with that particular target business, we may be unable to complete our initial business combination with any target business. This risk will increase as we get closer to the timeframe described above.
Added
In March 2010, the American Council of Life Insurers, an insurance carrier trade association, issued a press release calling for a complete ban on life settlement securitization.
Removed
In addition, we may have limited time to conduct due diligence and may enter into our initial business combination on terms that we would have rejected upon a more comprehensive investigation.

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Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Biggest changeItem 2. Properties. We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. Our executive office is located at 7777 NW Beacon Square Boulevard, Boca Raton, Florida, 33487. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. None. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not Applicable. 51 PART II
Biggest changeItem 2. Properties We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. Our executive office is located at 2101 Park Center Drive, Suite 200, Orlando, Florida, 32835. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Mine Safety Disclosures — required of mining issuers

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Biggest changeItem 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. 51 PART II 52 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. 52 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 53 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 58
Biggest changeItem 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 27 PART I I Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 27 Item 6. [Reserved] 28 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 29 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 71 Item 8.
Added
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 73 Item 9 . Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 138 Item 9A . Controls and Procedures 139 Item 9B . Other Information 140 Item 9 C . Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 140 PART II I Item 1 0 . Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 141

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Biggest changeItem 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market Information Our units trade on NASDAQ under the symbol ERESU. The common stock and warrants trade on NASDAQ under the symbols “ERES” and “ERESW,” respectively.
Biggest changeItem 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 27 Table of Conten ts Market Information Our common stock, warrants, and fixed rate senior notes are currently listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market under the ticker symbol “ABL”, “ABLLW”, and “ABLLL”, respectively.
Removed
Holders On April 17, 2023, there was one holder of record of our units, one holder of record of our Class A common stock, two holders of record of our Class B common stock and three holders of record of our warrants. Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans. None.
Added
Holders On March 30, 2024, there were 12 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of holders of common stock is greater than these numbers of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held by brokers and nominees.
Removed
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Offerings. On July 27, 2020, we sold 8,000,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $8.0 million.
Added
The number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities. Stockholder Common Stock Jay Jackson [1], [2] 12,593,250 K.
Removed
On August 25, 2020, we completed an additional private sale, in connection with the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option under the initial public offering, of 900,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $900,000.
Added
Scott Kirby [1], [2] 12,593,250 Sean McNealy [1], [2] 12,593,550 Matthew Ganovsky [1], [2] 12,593,250 East Sponsor, LLC (Terry Pegula) [1], [3] 11,417,000 Cede & Co (Public Float) 1,827,240 Thomas W.
Removed
Each private placement warrant is exercisable to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share. On July 27, 2020, we consummated our initial public offering of 30,000,000 units at $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $300 million.
Added
Corbett Jr. [2] 17,500 Adam Gusky [2] 22,718 Mary Beth Shulte [2] 22,000 Cornelis Michiel Van Katwijk [2] 7,500 Karla Radka [2] 7,500 Total 63,694,758 [1] – 5% Stockholder. [2] – Directors and named executive officers. [3] – East Sponsor is the record holder of (i) 11,417,000 shares of Common Stock and (ii) currently exercisable warrants to purchase 7,120,000 shares of Common Stock.
Removed
On August 25, 2020, the underwriters fully exercised their over-allotment option to purchase 4,500,000 additional units to cover over-allotments at $10.00 per unit, which generated additional gross proceeds of $45.0 million. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC served as the sole book-running manager for the offering.
Added
Dividends We have not declared or paid dividends on our common stock to date.
Removed
The securities sold in the initial public offering were registered under the Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-239677) that became effective on July 23, 2020. We paid a total of $6,900,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions and $865,171 for other costs and expenses related to the initial public offering.
Added
Any future determination to declare cash dividends on our common stock will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, Delaware law, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
Removed
The underwriters agreed to defer an additional $12,075,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions, payable upon consummation of our initial business combination. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as the sole book running manager for our initial public offering, has agreed to waive the deferred underwriting fees.
Added
We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans See Note 15, Stock-Based Compensation, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our stock compensation plans.
Removed
After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions (excluding the deferred portion of $12,075,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions, which will be released from the trust account upon consummation of initial business combination, if consummated) and incurred offering costs, the total net proceeds from our initial public offering and the sale of the private placement warrants was $346,000,000, of which $345,000,000 (or $10.00 per unit sold in the initial public offering) was placed in the trust account.
Added
Purchases of equity securities by the issuer See Note 14, Shareholders’ Equity, to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our stock repurchase program.
Removed
We reimbursed our Sponsor and certain officers and directors to cover expenses related to the initial public offering. Other than as described above, no payments were made by us to directors, officers or persons owning ten percent or more of our common stock or to their associates, or to our affiliates. 52

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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Biggest changeCertain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Biggest changeIn addition to historical financial analysis, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, as described under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this quarterly statement.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the notes related thereto which are included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Objective The following discussion provides an analysis of the Company's financial condition, cash flows and results of operations from management's perspective and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Removed
Overview We are a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on May 22, 2020 for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses.
Added
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 29 Table of Conten ts ABACUS LIFE, INC. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of Abacus Life, Inc.’s financial condition and results of operations.
Removed
We intend to effectuate our initial business combination using cash from the proceeds of the initial public offering and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt.
Added
This discussion should be read in conjunction with Abacus Life, Inc.’s financial statements and related notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K .
Removed
On August 30, 2022, the Company, LMA Merger Sub, Abacus Merger Sub, LMA and Abacus entered into the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which, subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions precedent in the Merger Agreement, (i) LMA Merger Sub will merge with and into LMA, with LMA surviving such merger as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and (ii) Abacus Merger Sub will merge with and into Abacus, with Abacus surviving such merger as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
Added
The statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future.
Removed
The proposed Business Combination is expected to be consummated in the first half of 2023, subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions.
Added
In addition to historical financial analysis, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, as described under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. ” All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements.
Removed
Subject to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the aggregate merger consideration with respect to the holders of issued and outstanding limited liability company interests in LMA and Abacus will consist of approximately $531.8 million, payable in a number of newly issued shares of Class A common stock at a deemed value of $10.00 per share, with a portion of the aggregate merger consideration payable in cash upon the satisfaction of certain conditions.
Added
Actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: the potential impact of our business relationships, including with our employees, customers and competitors; changes in general economic, business and political conditions, including changes in the financial markets; weakness or adverse changes in the level of activity in our sector or the sectors of our affiliated companies, which may be caused by, among other things, high or increasing interest rates, or a weak U.S. economy; significant competition that our operating subsidiaries face; compliance with extensive government regulation; and other risks detailed in the those set forth under “Risk Factors” or elsewhere in this quarterly statement.
Removed
For additional information regarding the Merger Agreement, see the Company's Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on August 30, 2022 and October 14, 2022, and the Company’s Proxy Statement as filed with the SEC.
Added
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Abacus Life, Inc. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Company” are intended to mean the business and operations of Abacus Life, Inc..
Removed
Results of Operations We have neither engaged in any operations (other than searching for an initial business combination after our initial public offering) nor generated any revenues to date.
Added
Our objective is to provide discussion of events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause the reported financial information not to be indicative of future operating results or of future financial condition and to also offer information that provides an understanding of our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
Removed
Our only activities from May 22, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2022 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for the initial public offering, described below, and, subsequent to the initial public offering, identifying a target company for an initial business combination and completing such business combination.
Added
This section of this Form 10-K generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. Overview Abacus Life, Inc. (“Company”) was formerly known as East Resources Acquisition Company ("ERES”), a blank check company incorporated in Delaware on May 22, 2020.
Removed
We generate non-operating income in the form of change in fair value of warrant liability, change in fair value of forward purchase agreements (prior to the termination of the forward purchase agreement on December 2, 2022), interest income from banks, and, until June 2022 when all investments in the trust account were liquidated to thereafter be held in cash as further explained in Note 1 to the financial statements, we also generated interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account.
Added
The Company conducts its business through its wholly-owned, consolidated subsidiaries, primarily Abacus Settlements LLC (“ Abacus Settlements” or “Abacus”) and Longevity Market Assets, LLC (“LMA”), which are Delaware limited liability companies and headquartered in Orlando, Florida.
Removed
We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our initial business combination. We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses.
Added
In considering the foregoing principles of predecessor determination and in light of the Company's specific facts and circumstances, management determined that LMA and Abacus are dual predecessors for accounting purposes.
Removed
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had a net loss of $643,564, which consists of operating costs of $11,722,287 , offset by a change in fair value of warrant liability of $9,335,550, a change in fair value of the forward purchase agreement liability of $600,000, and interest earned from bank of $10,031 and interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $672,439, and income tax expense of $52,485.
Added
The financial statement presentation for Abacus Life, Inc. includes the purchase accounting effects of the Abacus Merger as of the Closing Date with the financial statements of LMA as the comparative period.
Removed
For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had a net income of $15,839,365, which consists of operating costs of $1,382,681, offset by a change in fair value of warrant liability of $15,899,200, a change in fair value of the forward purchase agreement liability of $1,300,000, interest earned from bank of $62 and interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $22,784. 53 Liquidity and Capital Resources On July 27, 2020, we consummated the initial public offering of 30,000,000 Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $300,000,000.
Added
The predecessor financial statements for Abacus are included separately within this report. 30 Table of Conten ts The Company, through its LMA subsidiary, directly acquires life insurance policies in a mutual beneficial transaction for both us and the underlying insured.
Removed
Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, we consummated the sale of 8,000,000 private placement warrants at a price of $1.00 per private placement warrant in a private placement to our stockholders, generating gross proceeds of $8,000,000.
Added
With meaningful support from our proprietary risk rating heat map, we consistently evaluate policies (at origination and throughout the lifecycle) to generate essentially uncorrelated risk adjusted returns. Additionally, we provide a range of services for owners of life settlement assets.
Removed
On August 25, 2020, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full, resulting in an additional 4,500,000 Units issued for total gross proceeds of $45,000,000. In connection with the underwriters’ exercise of their over-allotment option, we also consummated the sale of an additional 900,000 private placement warrants at $1.00 per private placement warrant, generating total proceeds of $900,000.
Added
Upon acquiring a policy, we have the option to either (i) trade that policy to a third-party institutional investor (i.e., generating a spread on each trade) or (ii) hold that policy on our balance sheet until maturity (i.e., paying the premiums over time and receiving the final claim / payout).
Removed
A total of $45,000,000 was deposited into the trust account, bringing the aggregate proceeds held in the trust account to $345,000,000.
Added
This process is predicated on driving the best economics for the Company and we categorize this revenue as “Trading” or “Active management revenue.” Additionally, the Company, through its LMA subsidiary, provides a wide range of services to owners and purchasers of life settlements assets (i.e., acquired policies).
Removed
Following the initial public offering, the full exercise of the over-allotment option and the sale of the private placement warrants, a total of $345,000,000 was placed in the trust account and we had $912,561 of cash held outside of the trust account, after payment of costs related to the initial public offering, and available for working capital purposes.
Added
More specifically, Abacus Life, Inc. provides consulting, valuation, actuarial services, and perform administrative work involved in keeping a policy in force and at the premium level most advantageous to the owner. We have experience servicing a large number of policies for highly sophisticated institutions, including policies for large institutional life settlement funds.
Removed
We incurred $19,840,171 in transaction costs, including $6,900,000 in cash underwriting fees, $12,075,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $865,171 of other offering costs. For the period ended December 31, 2022, cash used in operating activities was $2,602,281.
Added
We generate revenue on these services by charging a base servicing fee of approximately 0.5% of total asset value of the portfolio or flat rate per policy.
Removed
Net loss of $643,564 was affected by non-cash charges for the change in fair value of warrant liability of $9,335,550, change in fair value of forward purchase agreement liability of $600,000, interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $672,439, gain on deferred underwriting fee waiver of $513,188 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, which used $9,162,460 of cash in operating activities.
Added
We categorize this revenue as “Servicing” or “Portfolio servicing revenue.” The Company, through its Abacus subsidiary, originates life insurance policy settlement contracts as a licensed life settlement provider on behalf of third-party institutional investors (“Financing Entities”) and for the Company to invest in the life settlement asset class.
Removed
For the period ended December 31, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $1,236,555.
Added
Specifically, the Company originates policies through three primary origination channels (Agents/Financial Advisors, Direct-to-Consumers, Life Settlement Brokers) and Third-Party Intermediaries, screens them for eligibility by verifying that the policy is in force, obtaining consents and disclosures, and submitting cases for life expectancy estimates.
Removed
Net income of $15,839,365 was affected by non-cash charges for the change in fair value of warrant liability of $15,899,200, change in fair value of forward purchase agreement liability of $1,300,000, interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $22,784 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, which used $90,353 of cash in operating activities.
Added
This process is characterized as our origination services, which averages a fee of approximately 2% of the life insurance policy’s face value (“Origination Revenue”) . Our Business Model As mentioned in the above Overview section, the Company generates revenue in three main ways.
Removed
As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had cash and marketable securities held in the trust account of $99,222,704 and $345,048,888, respectively. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account to complete our initial business combination.
Added
The first channel is through our active portfolio management strategy (“Active management revenue”), whereby we can (i) generate a spread on traded policies, (ii) hold policies on our balance sheet (paying premiums over time and receiving the payout/claim), or (iii) generate unrealized gains or losses on policies purchased by our Structured Note Offerings (LMATT Series 2024, Inc., LMATT Growth Series 2.2024, Inc., and LMATT Growth and Income Series 1.2026, Inc.) and Income Funds (LMA Income Series, LP, and the LMA Income Series II, LP).
Removed
We may withdraw interest to pay franchise and income taxes. During the period ended December 31, 2022 we withdrew $335,723 of interest earned on the trust account. During the period ended December 31, 2021, we did not withdraw any interest earned on the trust account.
Added
The second channel is from portfolio and policy servicing activities (“Portfolio servicing revenue”), whereby we provide a range of services to life settlement asset owners. The third channel is from origination services rendered by serving as a life settlement provider when purchasing outstanding life insurance policies.
Removed
To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our initial business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
Added
Active management revenue derives from buying and selling policies; and the receipt of death benefits proceeds on policies we hold where the insured dies. Of the purchased policies, some are purchased with the intent to hold to maturity, while others are held for trading to be sold for a gain.
Removed
As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had cash of $86,572 and $853,130 outside of the trust account, respectively.
Added
We historically elected to account for each investment in life settlement contracts using either the investment method or the fair value method. Once the accounting method is elected for each policy, it cannot be changed.
Removed
We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete an initial business combination.
Added
The Company accounts for life settlement policies purchased through the structured note and fund offerings on a fair value basis, and investment method basis at cost plus premiums paid. For all policies purchased after June 30, 2023, the Company accounts for these under the fair value method.
Removed
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with an initial business combination, the Sponsor, an affiliate of the Sponsor, or our officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts.
Added
For policies purchased before June 30, 2023, the Company elected to use either the fair value method or the investment method (cost, plus premiums paid).
Removed
In the event that a business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment.
Added
The valuation method is chosen upon contract acquisition and is irrevocable. 31 Table of Conten ts For the life settlement policies accounted for under the fair value method, these policies are part of the collateral consideration for the market linked structured notes issued under LMX Series, LLC and LMA Series, LLC subsidiaries where quarterly valuations are a condition of the private placement memorandum.
Removed
Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants, at a price of $1.50 per warrant at the option of the lender. The warrants would be identical to the private placement warrants, including as to exercise price, exercisability and exercise period.
Added
Given that there is a valuation requirement stipulated in the notes, management has elected to use the fair value method for these policies, which are valued based on Level 3 inputs that reflect our assumptions about what factors market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as life expectancies and cash flow discount rates.
Removed
The terms of such loans by our officers and directors, if any, have not been 54 determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. The loans would be repaid upon consummation of a business combination , without interest. In August 2021, the Sponsor committed to provide us an aggregate of $1,500,000 in loans for working capital purpose.
Added
The inputs are developed based on the best available information, including our own data. Policies carried at fair value method captures the change in fair value within the income statement when those changes occur as opposed to when the policies are sold or mature.
Removed
As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there was a balance of $1,500,000 under this loan. Subsequent to the reporting period, on January 31, 2023, the Sponsor agreed to loan us up to an additional $1,500,000 under this loan.
Added
For policies held at fair value, changes in fair value are reflected in operations in the period the change is calculated. Under the investment method, investments in contracts are recorded at investment price plus all initial direct costs. Continuing costs (e.g., policy premiums, statutory interest and direct external costs, if any) to keep the policy in force are capitalized.
Removed
We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business.
Added
Gains or losses on sales of policies carried using the investment method are recorded at the time of sale or maturity. For policies carried under the fair value method, we record the initial investment of the transaction price and remeasure the investment at fair value at each subsequent reporting period.
Removed
However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our initial business combination.
Added
Changes in fair value are reported in revenue when they occur, including those related to life insurance proceeds (policy maturities) and premium payments. Upon the sale of a life settlement contract, we record gains or losses for the difference between the agreed-upon purchase price with the buyer, and the carrying value of the policy.
Removed
Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our initial business combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon consummation of our initial business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such initial business combination.
Added
Generating Portfolio servicing revenue involves the provision of services to one affiliate by common ownership, and third parties, which own life insurance policies. Portfolio servicing revenue is derived from services related to maintaining these settled policies pursuant to agreement with investors in settled policies (“Service Agreement(s)”).
Removed
Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, we would only complete such financing simultaneously with the completion of our initial business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial business combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account.
Added
Additionally, also included in servicing revenue are fees for limited consulting services related to the evaluation of policies that we perform for third parties. Portfolio servicing revenue is recognized ratably over the life of the Service Agreements, which range from one month to ten years.
Removed
In addition, following our initial business combination, if cash on hand is insufficient, we may need to obtain additional financing in order to meet our obligations.
Added
The duties performed by the company under these arrangements are considered a single performance obligation that is satisfied ratably as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit provided by us. As such, revenue is recognized for services provided for the corresponding month. Portfolio servicing revenue also consists of revenue related to consulting engagements.
Removed
As a result of the above, in connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that the liquidity conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through approximately one year from the date of filing.
Added
We provide consulting services for the owners of life settlement contracts who are often customers of the servicing business line, or customers of the origination channel. These consulting engagements are comprised of valuation, actuarial services, and overall policy assessments related to life settlement contracts and are short-term in nature.
Removed
These financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2022.
Added
The performance obligations are typically identified as separate services with a specific deliverable or a group of deliverables to be provided in tandem, as agreed to in the engagement letter or contract.
Removed
We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.
Added
Each service provided under a contract is considered as a performance obligation and revenue is recognized at a point in time when the deliverable or group of deliverables is transferred to the customer. As a life settlement provider, the Company serves as a purchaser of outstanding life insurance policies.
Removed
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.
Added
When serving as a purchaser, the Company’s primary purpose in the transaction is to connect buyers and sellers through an origination process. The origination process is core to the Company’s business and drives its economics.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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Biggest changeItem 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. As of December 31, 2022, we were not subject to any market or interest rate risk.
Biggest changeItem 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Not required for smaller reporting companies.
Removed
Following the consummation of our initial public offering, and prior to June 2022, at which time the assets in the trust account were liquidated to thereafter be held in cash (as described previously in this report), the net proceeds of our initial public offering, including amounts in the trust account, were invested in U.S. government treasury bills, notes or bonds with a maturity of 185 days or less or in certain money market funds that invest solely in U.S. treasuries.
Added
JOBS Act Election Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards.
Removed
Due to the short-term nature of these investments, there was no associated material exposure to interest rate risk. Item 8.Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. This information appears following Item 15 of this Report and is included herein by reference. Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None.
Added
The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. 72 Table of Conten ts 73 Table of Conten ts The Company has irrevocably elected to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, will adopt the new or revised standard at the time public companies adopt the new or revised standard.
Added
As a result, following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies.

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