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AlTi Global, Inc.

AlTi Global, Inc.ALTIEarnings & Financial Report

Nasdaq · Financials · Investment Advice

Cristal Global is the world's second-largest producer of titanium dioxide and a leading producer of titanium chemicals. It was formed when The National Titanium Dioxide Company Ltd. combined with Millennium Chemicals. The headquarters are in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It is a significant shareholder in Bemax, the world’s 5th largest TiO2 feedstock producer.

What changed in AlTi Global, Inc.'s 10-K — 2022 vs 2023

Top changes in AlTi Global, Inc.'s 2023 10-K

922 paragraphs added · 609 removed · 220 edited across 7 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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With regard to the unique opportunities that we offer access to, we have established a platform through which we are able to provide clients of our wealth management services with access to investments in strategies and asset classes to which they would otherwise likely not be able to gain exposure (for example, because of very high minimum investment thresholds in the underlying funds).
With regard to the unique opportunities that we offer access to, we have established a platform through which we are able to provide clients of our wealth management services access to investments in strategies and asset classes to which they would otherwise likely not be able to gain exposure (for example, because of very high minimum investment thresholds in the underlying funds).
Accordingly, we believe that it is our responsibility to leverage our global network of offices and partnerships, the skills of our employees and the influence and resources of our clients, so that we can collectively have a lasting and net positive impact on our communities and the environment, and we believe that our aims are aligned with those of the family offices and institutions we serve, for whom wealth is not measured purely in terms of financial returns but in the long-term, intergenerational preservation of quality of life and the generation of multiple, extra-financial returns, including improvements to environmental and social conditions for all, shareholders and stakeholders alike.
Accordingly, we believe that it is our responsibility to leverage our global network of offices and partnerships, the skills of our employees and the influence and resources of our clients, so that we can collectively have a lasting and positive impact on our communities and the environment, and we believe that our aims are aligned with those of the family offices and institutions we serve, for whom wealth is not measured purely in terms of financial returns but in the long-term, intergenerational preservation of quality of life and the generation of multiple, extra-financial returns, including improvements to environmental and social conditions for all, shareholders and stakeholders alike.
In addition to the competition on the local level, we face intense competition in the markets in which we operate from national and international wealth managers, ranging from large independent wealth managers, wealth managers that sit within larger financial institutions, to private equity-backed wealth management platforms, which have been relatively recently built through serial acquisitions, driving near-term scale, enhanced scope of investment capabilities, and exposure to new markets.
In addition to the competition on the local level, we face intense competition in the markets in which we operate from national and international wealth managers, ranging from large independent wealth managers, wealth managers that sit within larger financial institutions, to private equity-backed wealth management platforms, 23 which have been relatively recently built through serial acquisitions, driving near-term scale, enhanced scope of investment capabilities, and exposure to new markets.
We are committed to investing responsibly, operating our business with integrity, and building a diverse and inclusive workplace where our employees can grow and thrive. We are fully committed to diversity, equality, and inclusion at all levels of our business and are targeting 50% female representation in senior management by the end of our first five years of operations.
We are committed to investing responsibly, operating our business with integrity, and building a diverse and inclusive workplace where our employees can grow and thrive. We are fully committed to diversity, equality, and inclusion at all levels of our business and are targeting 50% female 18 representation in senior management by the end of our first five years of operations.
Alvarium was established by its founder partners as LJ Capital in 2009, initially with the aim of sourcing direct and Co-investments in real estate in the UK and in Central Europe. The firm rebranded as LJ Partnership and underwent a series of acquisitions, before rebranding as Alvarium in 2019.
Alvarium was established by its founder partners as LJ Capital in 2009, initially with the aim of sourcing direct 19 and co-investments in real estate in the UK and in Central Europe. The firm rebranded as LJ Partnership and underwent a series of acquisitions, before rebranding as Alvarium in 2019.
Carl Tiedemann, Craig Smith, and Michael Tiedeman established TWMH on the premise that a wealth management business organized on principles of delivering a combination of excellent investment performance and high-touch client service would quickly differentiate itself from its competitors.
Carl Tiedemann, Craig Smith, and Michael Tiedemann established TWMH on the premise that a wealth management business organized on principles of delivering a combination of excellent investment performance and high-touch client service would quickly differentiate itself from its competitors.
As compared to other, more disclosure-oriented U.S. federal securities laws, the Advisers Act, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), together with the SEC’s regulations and interpretations thereunder, are highly restrictive regulatory statutes.
As compared to other, more disclosure-oriented U.S. federal securities laws, the Advisers Act, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), together with the SEC’s regulations and interpretations thereunder, are highly 25 restrictive regulatory statutes.
Members of our senior management have an average of over 20 years of experience and a strong track record in building successful businesses from the ground up and generating superior returns across market cycles.
Members of our senior management team have an average of over 20 years of experience and a strong track record in building successful businesses from the ground up and generating superior returns across market cycles.
Our first investment was in Romspen, the real estate bridge lending External Strategic Manager in 2018, followed by an investment in Zebedee, the European equities External Strategic Manager in 2020, and Arkkan, the Asian credit and special situations External Strategic Manager in January 2021.
The first investment was in Romspen, the real estate bridge lending External Strategic Manager in 2018, followed by an investment in Zebedee, the European equities External Strategic Manager in 2020, and Arkkan, the Asian credit and special situations External Strategic Manager in January 2021.
Our values are built on mutual respect, constructive dissent, always operating at the highest standard, and acting in the best interest of our stakeholders.
Our values are built on mutual respect, constructive dissent, operating at the highest standard, and acting in the best interest of our stakeholders.
Our compliance policies and procedures address a variety of regulatory and compliance risks such as the handling of material non-public information, personal securities trading, valuation of investments, document retention, potential conflicts of interest, and the allocation of investment opportunities. We also engage with outside counsel as needed to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Our compliance policies and procedures address a variety of regulatory and compliance risks such as the handling of material non-public information, personal securities trading, document retention, potential conflicts of interest, and the allocation of investment opportunities. We also engage with outside counsel as needed to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
In all cases, each client’s individual objectives and expectations are our paramount concern, and we employ an open architecture approach, whereby we seek to find the best investment solutions for our clients in the marketplace.
In all cases, each client’s individual objectives and expectations are our primary concern, and we employ an open architecture approach, whereby we seek to find the best investment solutions for our clients in the marketplace.
Our first acquisition was Deloitte’s UK Investment Advisory business in 2011. Over the course of 2014 to 2017, we merged with or acquired the former Guggenheim Wealth Management businesses in Miami, Geneva, Lisbon and Hong Kong, and we brought on board a team that originated from their business in New York.
The first acquisition was Deloitte’s UK Investment Advisory business in 2011. Over the course of 2014 to 2017, LJ merged with or acquired the former Guggenheim wealth management businesses in Miami, Geneva, Lisbon and Hong Kong, and brought on board a team that originated from their business in New York.
Our TIG Arbitrage strategy, which is managed by our subsidiary TIG Advisors, LLC, an SEC-registered investment advisor (“TIG Advisors”), and the External Strategic Managers, each focus on capital preservation and uncorrelated returns by managing alpha driven investment strategies that align with the needs of a diverse global investor base.
Our TIG Arbitrage strategy is managed by our subsidiary TIG Advisors, LLC, an SEC-registered investment advisor, and the External Strategic Managers each focus on capital preservation and uncorrelated returns by managing alpha driven investment strategies that align with the needs of a diverse global investor base.
History The firm was established as LJ Capital in 2009 to source direct and co-investments in real estate in the UK and in Central Europe. The firm, rebranded as LJ Partnership, continued to grow, and acquire global clients through acquisitions, including wealth management businesses in the United States, Europe, and Hong Kong.
Alvarium The firm was established as LJ Capital in 2009 to source direct and co-investments in real estate in the UK and in Central Europe. The firm, rebranded as LJ Partnership (“LJ”), continued to grow, and acquire global clients through acquisitions, including wealth management businesses in the United States, Europe, and Hong Kong.
The use and our definition of this banner term acknowledges the different intepretations and uses, globally, but particularly between the United States and Europe, of the terms “Impact Investing” and “Sustainable Finance”.
The use and our definition of this banner term acknowledges the different interpretations and uses, globally, but particularly between the United States and Europe, of the terms “impact investing” and “sustainable finance”.
Then in 2015, we acquired Salisbury Partners LLP, a UK discretionary investment manager. Over the course of 2018 to 2020, we acquired Iskander in Paris, established a joint venture with Albacore in Lugano, and expanded into Milan. Also in 2019, we merged with London based media, consumer, and technology firm Lepe Partners, creating our merchant banking platform.
Then in 2015, LJ acquired Salisbury Partners LLP, a UK discretionary investment manager. Over the course of 2018 to 2020, it acquired Iskander in Paris, established a joint venture with Albacore in Lugano, and expanded into 20 Milan. Also in 2019, it merged with London based media, consumer, and technology firm Lepe Partners, creating our merchant banking platform.
Our clients may opt-in to be informed of investment opportunities we are working on in our other business lines (and many do choose to do so).
Our clients may opt in to be informed of investment opportunities we are working on in our other business lines (and some choose to do so).
Then, in 2017 we acquired the Threshold Group, another independent wealth advisor and a leader in the rapidly growing Impact Investing market segment, with approximately $3.8 billion of total AUM (including both impact and non-impact client assets). This acquisition cemented our commitment to be a leader in Impact Investing for our clients.
Then, in 2017 it acquired the Threshold Group, another independent wealth advisor and a leader in the rapidly growing impact investing market segment, with approximately $3.8 billion of total AUM (including both impact and non-impact client assets). This acquisition cemented its commitment to be a leader in impact investing for its clients.
Investment Management (including asset management and fund management) The investment management industry is intensely competitive, and we expect it to remain so. We compete globally and on a regional, industry, and asset basis. We face competition both in the pursuit of fund investors and investment opportunities. Generally, our competition varies across business lines, geographies, and financial markets.
Strategic Alternatives The investment management industry, encompassing asset management and fund management, is intensely competitive, and we expect it to remain so. We compete globally and on a regional, industry, and asset basis. We face competition both in the pursuit of fund investors and investment opportunities. Generally, our competition varies across business lines, geographies, and financial markets.
According to Piper Sandler, the industry’s fragmentation is driven by a few key factors, including: • Low barriers to entry: launching a wealth management firm entails relatively low start-up costs with little upfront capital; and • Local focus: wealth management firms are typically locally focused and expansion beyond an RIA’s local market can require significant costs and senior management resources.
According to Piper Sandler, the industry’s fragmentation is driven by a few key factors, including: • Low barriers to entry: launching a wealth management firm entails relatively low start-up costs with little upfront capital; and • Local focus: wealth management firms are typically locally focused, and expansion beyond a registered investment advisor’s local market can require significant costs and senior management resources.
OUR LEADERSHIP, CULTURE, AND VALUES Experienced Management Team with Proven Track Record We are led by a team of seasoned executives with significant and diverse experience. Our management team has considerable expertise across investment management, Impact Investing, alternative asset management, real estate, financial planning, and trusts and estates.
OUR LEADERSHIP, CULTURE, AND VALUES Experienced Management Team with Proven Track Record We are led by a team of seasoned executives with diverse experience. Our management team has expertise across investment management, alternative asset management, real estate, financial planning, and trusts and estates as well as impact investing.
The investment team employs deep research on each situation in the portfolio with a focus on complex, hostile, up-for-sale situations where our primary research work can drive uncorrelated alpha. Our research and investment process is focused on hard catalyst events.
The investment team employs deep research on each situation in the portfolio with a focus on complex, hostile, up-for-sale situations where our primary research work can drive uncorrelated alpha. Our research and investment process is focused on hard catalyst events and is not dependent on deal flow.
These fees, being performance related, are, of course, variable in nature and more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors.
These fees, being performance related, are variable in nature and more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors.
The equity structures are long-term (five to ten years) closed-ended structures with fees normally ranging between 50 and 175 basis points of the equity value committed or drawn. The debt structure terms are generally between 12 and 36 months.
The equity structures are typically medium to long-term (three to ten years) closed-ended structures with fees normally ranging between 50 and 175 basis points of the equity value committed or drawn. The debt structure terms are generally between 12 and 36 months.
In the private equity space, we intend to launch further vintages of such private equity vehicles over time to enable our investment management and advisory clients to include an allocation to private equity funds in their portfolios on a running basis. These private equity strategies are expected to include traditional as well as innovative and Impact Investing offerings.
We intend to launch further vintages of such private market vehicles over time to enable our investment management and advisory clients to include an allocation to these alternative funds in their portfolios on a running basis. These private strategies are expected to include traditional as well as innovative and impact investing offerings.
We have a strong track record of identifying managers that focus on sourcing uncorrelated investment opportunities in both public and private markets and then utilizing our long-standing operating platform to assist managers with growth.
We have a strong track record of identifying managers that focus on sourcing uncorrelated investment opportunities in both public and private markets and then utilizing our long-standing operating platform to assist managers execute on their growth strategy.
Employees Diversity is key to our firm’s open culture and long-term success. We recognize the important link between corporate values, employee engagement, and corporate performance. We also strive to foster a supportive environment that cultivates professional growth and development and encourages team members to continuously develop their skills.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion are key to our firm’s open culture and long-term success. We recognize the important link between corporate values, employee engagement, and corporate performance. We also strive to foster a supportive environment that cultivates professional growth and development and encourages team members to continuously develop their skills.
Rigorous legal and compliance analysis of our businesses and our funds’ investments is important to our culture. We strive to maintain a culture of compliance through the use of policies and procedures such as oversight compliance, codes of ethics, compliance systems, communication of compliance guidance, and employee education and training.
Rigorous legal and compliance analysis of our businesses and our funds’ investments is important to our culture. We strive to maintain a culture of compliance using policies and procedures such as compliance oversight, codes of ethics, compliance systems, communication of compliance guidance, and employee education and training.
Additional legislation, increasing global regulatory oversight of fundraising activities, changes in rules promulgated by self-regulatory organizations or exchanges, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, either in the United States or elsewhere, may directly affect our mode of operation and profitability.
Additional legislation, increasing global regulatory oversight of fundraising activities, changes in rules promulgated by self-regulatory organizations or exchanges, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, either in the United States or elsewhere, may directly affect our mode of operation and profitability. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A.
Where we have established feeder vehicles for clients, there may also be administration and advisory fees associated with those vehicles (these are earned by our trusts and administration business). Management of real estate investment funds (public and private) : We also generate income in our co-investment division from managing and advising real estate investment funds.
Where we have established feeder vehicles for clients, there may also be administration and advisory fees associated with those vehicles (these are earned by our trusts and administration business). Real Estate Funds (Public and Private) We generate income from managing and advising the investment portfolios of certain public and private real estate funds.
Added to the recurring nature of these fees, our high client retention rate in our wealth management services, and the long-term nature of our fund management fees, means that these fees are also relatively stable. • Performance and incentive fees are comprised of both carried interest payments we earn on Co-investments and annual performance or incentive fees earned in some cases from our investment management and advisory services or fund management (including from the External Strategic Managers).
Added to the recurring nature of these fees, our high client retention rate in our wealth management services, and the long-term nature of our fund management fees, means that these fees are also relatively stable. • Incentive or performance fees are comprised of both carried interest payments we earn on co-investments and annual performance or incentive fees earned in some cases from our investment management and advisory or fund management services associated with our internally managed funds.
Since inception in 1980, we have supported and helped money managers build their fund businesses, using a centralized platform of services proven to allow portfolio managers to focus exclusively on portfolio management. In total, we launched 24 separate fund strategies.
Since inception in 1980, they have supported and helped money managers build their fund businesses, using a centralized platform of services proven to allow portfolio managers to focus exclusively on portfolio management (please refer to timeline below). In total, TIG launched 24 separate fund strategies.
Jurisdictions in which we operate We currently have operations in Australia, France, Hong Kong, the Isle of Man, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. As we expand our operations in the United States, Europe, and other jurisdictions, we will become subject to various legislative frameworks in those jurisdictions.
Besides the United States, we currently have operations in France, Hong Kong, the Isle of Man, Italy, Portugal, Singapore, Switzerland and United Kingdom. As we expand our operations in the United States, Europe, Asia and other jurisdictions, we will become subject to various legislative frameworks in those jurisdictions 26
Romspen—Real Estate Bridge Lending Strategy (External Strategic Manager) The External Strategic Manager that operates a real estate bridge lending strategy is based in Toronto and focuses on complex construction, term, and pre-development bridge loans throughout North America. The strategy has approximately $2.2 billion AUM as of December 31, 2022.
Funds Managed by our External Strategic Managers Romspen—Real Estate Bridge Lending Strategy (External Strategic Manager) The External Strategic Manager that operates a real estate bridge lending strategy is based in Toronto and focuses on complex construction, term, and pre-development bridge loans throughout North America. The strategy has approximately $2.2 billion AUA as of December 31, 2023.
We consider our relationship with employees to be vital, and are focused on effective attraction, development, and retention of, and compensation and benefits to, human resource talent, including workforce and management development, diversity and inclusion initiatives, and corporate culture and leadership quality, morale, and development, which are vital to the success of our innovation-driven growth strategy.
We consider our relationship with employees to be vital and are focused on effective attraction, development, retention, compensation and benefits for all employees. This includes workforce and management development, diversity and inclusion initiatives, corporate culture and leadership quality, and morale and development, which are vital to the success 24 of our innovation-driven growth strategy.
Arkkan—Asian Credit and Special Situations (External Strategic Manager) The External Strategic Manager has operated an Asia Pacific credit and special situations strategy based in Hong Kong since 2013. The strategy has approximately $1.5 billion AUM as of December 31, 2022.
Arkkan—Asian Credit and Special Situations (External Strategic Manager) The External Strategic Manager has operated an Asia credit and special situations strategy based in Hong Kong since 2013. The strategy has approximately $1.4 billion AUA as of December 31, 2023.
A list of our services is set out below. • Investments, Financial Planning, and Strategy: • business planning and talent sourcing; • budgeting and growth oversight; and • strategic development and training. • Sales and Marketing: • centralized marketing; • strategic positioning; • product development; • sales planning and execution; • investor relations; • materials oversight; • branding; and • sales channel expertise covering North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America. 10 Table of Contents • Back and Middle Office Infrastructure/Administration: • risk management, including, where relevant, as an alternative investment fund manager (or “AIFM”); • legal and compliance; • treasury management; • collateral management; • technology infrastructure and systems; • middle office operations; • accounting services; • real estate management; • counterparty management; and • human resources.
A list of our services is set out below. • Investments, Financial Planning, and Strategy: • business planning and talent sourcing; • budgeting and growth oversight; and • strategic development and training. 14 • Sales and Marketing: • centralized marketing; • strategic positioning; • product development; • sales planning and execution; • investor relations; • materials oversight; • branding; and • sales channel expertise covering North America, Europe, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Latin America. • Back and Middle Office Infrastructure/Administration: • risk management; • legal and compliance; • treasury management; • collateral management; • technology infrastructure and systems; • middle office operations; • accounting services; • real estate management; • counterparty management; and • human resources.
In addition to a wide range of investment capabilities, we offer a full suite of complementary and customized family office services for families seeking comprehensive oversight of their financial affairs.
In addition to a wide range of investment capabilities, we offer a full suite of complementary and customized family office services for families seeking comprehensive oversight of their financial affairs, including family governance and education, wealth structuring, financial planning and administration services.
Our History We were founded in 1999 on the premise that if we staffed and organized our business to deliver a combination of excellent investment performance and high-touch client service, we would quickly differentiate our business from a crowded field of firms nominally in the wealth management business.
Tiedemann Wealth Management (TWMH) TWMH was founded in 1999 on the premise that if the business was staffed and organized to deliver a combination of excellent investment performance and high-touch client service, it would quickly differentiate itself from a crowded field of firms nominally in the wealth management business.
The incentive fees for our External Strategic Managers are calculated using 15% to 20% or 15% to 35%, subject to a 10% hurdle, of the net profit/income. We recognize our incentive fees when it is no longer probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur. Our incentive fees are not subject to clawback provisions.
The incentive fees for TIG Arbitrage are calculated using 15% to 20% of the net profit/income. We recognize our incentive fees when it is no longer probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur. Our incentive fees are not subject to clawback provisions.
In selecting operating partners, we will look for a demonstrable track record across multiple real estate cycles and a strong ability to source pipeline transactions. Our real estate investment team oversees deal origination, due diligence, documentation, and structuring from inception to exit.
In selecting operating partners, we will look for a demonstrable track record across multiple real estate cycles and a strong ability to source pipeline transactions. Our real estate investment team oversees deal origination, due diligence, documentation, and structuring from inception to exit for a variety of strategies including forward funding, development, income, value-add and planning.
The strategy has approximately $1.6 billion AUM as of December 31, 2022. Founded in 2001, this External Strategic Manager trades the portfolio actively and is absolute return-oriented with a focus on financials, cyclicals, and mining and minerals. The strategy is market agnostic and runs with a variable net exposure, equally comfortable net long or net short.
Founded in 2001, this External Strategic Manager trades the portfolio actively and is absolute return-oriented with a focus on financials, cyclicals, and mining and minerals. The strategy is market agnostic and runs with a variable net exposure, equally comfortable net long or net short.
Our business is global, with approximately 470 professionals operating in 22 cities in 10 countries across three continents, as of December 31, 2022.
Our business is global, with approximately 480 professionals operating in 21 cities in 10 countries across three continents, as of December 31, 2023.
The vehicles invest in either a single underlying private equity fund or a portfolio of private equity funds or hedge funds, in each case, which are managed by managers we believe, based upon our usual manager selection processes, will deliver strong risk adjusted performance for our clients.
The vehicles, by way of example, invest in either a single underlying private equity fund or a portfolio of private equity or other alternative assets funds, in each case, which are managed by managers we believe, based upon our thorough manager selection processes, will deliver strong risk adjusted performance, in line with their strategy, for our clients.
All employees must annually certify their understanding of and compliance with key global Alvarium policies, procedures, and code of ethics. We have a compliance group that monitors our compliance with the regulatory requirements to which we are subject and manages our compliance policies and procedures.
All employees must annually certify their understanding of and compliance with key global firm policies, procedures, and code of ethics. We have compliance groups that monitor our compliance with the regulatory requirements to which we are subject and manage our compliance policies and procedures.
As the global markets continue to evolve, we see manifold possibilities for accretive expansion. 19 Table of Contents Through our business lines, we intend to: (1) provide our clients and investors access to unique investment and Co-investment opportunities; (2) provide customized service to meet the needs of our clients and their families; (3) invest with intention—taking seriously the modern responsibilities of wealth; (4) innovate continuously to meet the needs and aspirations of our clients and investors; and (5) grow rapidly—both organically and by acquisitions—to build a premiere global asset management business.
Through our business lines, we intend to: (1) provide our clients and investors access to unique investment and co-investment opportunities; (2) provide customized service to meet the needs of our clients and their families; (3) invest with intention—taking seriously the modern responsibilities of wealth; (4) innovate continuously to meet the needs and aspirations of our clients and investors; and (5) grow rapidly—both organically and by acquisitions—to build a premiere global financial services firm.
In 1993, we launched the current version of the TIG Arbitrage strategy, which has grown from $6 million AUM in 1993 to $3.0 billion AUM as of December 31, 2022. In 2018, we launched a new business initiative focused on making growth equity investments in alternative managers as described above and set forth in the timeline below.
In 1993, we launched the current version of the TIG Arbitrage strategy, which has grown from $6 million AUM in 1993 to $2.4 billion AUM as of December 31, 2023. In 2018, we launched a new business initiative focused on making growth equity investments in alternative managers.
These fees are recurring in nature (usually being annual or quarterly fees) and are earned from both our wealth management division from investment management, investment advisory, trusts and administration, and family office services, and also from our fund management activities (either from our internal fund management and advisory services or from our strategic investments with the External Strategic Managers).
These fees are recurring in nature (usually being annual or quarterly fees) and are earned from both our wealth management division from investment management, investment advisory, trusts and administration, and family office services, and also from our fund management activities associated with our internally Managed Funds.
We seek to attract and serve a base of individuals and families with $25 million or more of investable assets, where we believe we are particularly well-positioned to offer comprehensive investment and family office service solutions. In 2016, we acquired Presidio Wealth Management, a wealth manager with approximately $4.1 billion of AUM.
The firm sought to attract and serve a base of individuals and families with $25 million or more of investable assets, where it believed it was particularly well-positioned to offer comprehensive investment and family office service solutions. In 2016, TWMH acquired Presidio Capital Advisors, a wealth manager with approximately $4.1 billion of AUM.
We operate a number of such vehicles focused on vintage private equity strategies and hedge fund strategies.
We operate a number of such vehicles focused on vintage private equity, credit, real estate, active global managers and hedge fund strategies.
To this end, we provide: • customized plans and sophisticated investment portfolios tailored to the specific objectives, return expectations, liquidity parameters, tax constraints, and risk tolerances of our clients; • flexible solutions with no preference for active versus passive investments or specific vehicles; and • unique opportunities and access to, high-quality managers, by diligently selecting, analyzing, and monitoring third party managers that invest globally across all asset classes, including access to investments with the potential for enhanced performance and/or income generation.
To this end, we provide: • customized plans and sophisticated investment portfolios tailored to our client’s specific objectives, return expectations, liquidity parameters, tax constraints, and risk tolerances and desire for sustainable and impactful investments; • flexible solutions with access to traditional and alternative asset classes, active and passive investments and client access vehicles that make it easier to build globally sophisticated portfolios; and • unique opportunities and access to, high-quality managers, by diligently selecting, analyzing, and monitoring third-party managers that invest globally across a broad range of asset classes, including access to constrained managers and investments with enhanced performance and/or income generation.
Transactions are also susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. However, as is the case with performance and incentive fees, transaction fees provide potential upside to our revenues and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability.
Transaction fees are generally non-recurring in nature, are typically commission based, and are payable on the successful completion of a transaction. Transactions are also susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. However, as is the case with performance and incentive fees, transaction fees provide potential upside to our revenues and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability.
Other Federal and State Regulators; Self-Regulatory Organizations In addition to SEC regulatory oversight, we are subject to the Advisers Act, and there are several other regulatory bodies that have or could potentially have jurisdiction to regulate our business activities. Competition The investment management industry is intensely competitive, and we expect it to remain so.
Other Federal and State Regulators; Self-Regulatory Organizations In addition to SEC regulatory oversight, we are subject to compliance under the Advisers Act, and there are several other regulatory bodies that have or could potentially have jurisdiction to regulate our business activities.
We are active in our approach to our operating partners, in some instances taking ownership stakes, as well as participating on boards and investment committees.
We are active in our approach to our operating partners, in some instances taking ownership stakes, as well as participating on boards and investment committees. Since inception, most of the deals have been in Europe.
Its investment objective is to deliver inflation-protected income and capital growth over the medium-term for its shareholders through investing in a diversified portfolio of UK property that benefits from long-term index-linked leases with institutional-grade tenants.
LXi was advised by LRA, and its investment objective is to deliver inflation-protected income and capital growth over the medium-term for its shareholders through investing in a diversified portfolio of UK property that benefits from long-term index-linked leases with institutional-grade tenants. As of December 31, 2023, LXi’s market capitalization was approximately £1.8 billion ($2.3 billion).
Family Office Services Our family office services are tailored outsourced family office solutions and administrative services which we provide to families, trusts, foundations, and institutions.
Family Office Services Our family office services are tailored outsourced family office solutions and administrative services which we provide primarily to our larger clients.
Our research and investment process is focused on hard catalyst events. LXi REIT plc LXi REIT plc (“LXi”) is an English real estate investment trust company whose shares are traded on the premium segment of the London Stock Exchange’s Main Market.
LXi REIT plc LXi is an English real estate investment trust company, launched in February 2017, whose shares are traded on the premium segment of the London Stock Exchange’s Main Market.
United States SEC Regulations We provide investment advisory services through an entity that is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC pursuant to the Advisers Act.
United States SEC Regulations We provide investment advisory services through certain entities within our structure that are registered as investment advisers with the SEC pursuant to the Advisers Act.
Management fees and incentive fees earned from our economic interests with External Strategic Managers are earned through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements with the External Strategic Managers.
Distributions from Investments Distributions from investments are earned through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements with the External Strategic Managers.
Like us, our clients and investors are increasingly focused on risk-adjusted returns associated with socially and environmentally responsible investment opportunities and we consider it a fundamental part of our mission, as long term stewards of client capital, to ensure that these non-financial investment goals are not only met, but advanced in new, innovative ways. 16 Table of Contents Global Wealth Management Services and Co-investments At AlTi, we offer our clients various strategies to invest sustainably and with net positive impact, all of which may be aligned with clients’ interests, values, beliefs and preferences.
Like us, our clients and investors are increasingly focused on risk-adjusted returns associated with socially and environmentally responsible investment opportunities and we consider it a fundamental part of our mission, as long-term stewards of client capital, to ensure that these non-financial investment goals are not only met, but advanced in new, innovative ways.
Our Chief Compliance Officer supervises our compliance group, which is responsible for monitoring all regulatory and compliance matters that affect our activities.
Our compliance groups are supervised by our Chief Compliance Officer and divisional compliance officers, which are responsible for monitoring all regulatory and compliance matters that affect our activities.
Competition is also intense for the attraction and retention of qualified employees in both of these areas of our business. Our ability to continue to compete effectively in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees.
Competition is also intense for the attraction and retention of qualified employees. Our ability to continue to compete effectively in our businesses will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees. For additional information concerning the competitive risks that we face, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A.
Some clients in certain jurisdictions may also pay performance fees if their portfolio achieves returns in excess of an agreed benchmark or hurdle rate.
Some clients in certain jurisdictions may also pay performance fees if their portfolio achieves returns in excess of an agreed benchmark or hurdle rate. Typically, such fees are paid annually upon crystallization and are not accrued prior to being earned.
Our team uses a combination of our own tools and third party research providers to monitor valuations in each major asset class across dozens of geographies and sectors, and to position portfolios where we believe they will have the best return.
Our team uses proprietary methodologies to monitor valuations in each major asset class across dozens of geographies and sectors, and to position portfolios where we believe they will have the best return. As of December 31, 2023, 20% of portfolios were invested in alternative assets.
Clients of our IA division who have opted-in to be provided with information on our co-investment transactions are also invited to participate on a deal-by-deal basis. We are the sponsor for these club deals and work with a pre-selected and vetted list of operating partners.
Clients of our wealth management division who have opted-in to be provided with information on our co-investment transactions are also invited to participate on a deal-by-deal basis.
Competition The wealth management industry is highly fragmented (more than 6,600 RIAs in the United States alone), leading to intense competition on both the regional and local levels.
Competition Wealth Management The wealth management industry is highly fragmented (according to the Investment Advisor Association, in 2022 there were 15,114 registered investment advisors in the United States alone), leading to intense competition on both the regional and local levels.
The billable assets of our top 25 clients represent 24% of our firmwide assets as of December 31, 2022. Our average wealth management relationship spans over nine years. Further, we have a high client retention rate of more than 97%, as measured by lost clients since 2019.
Our average wealth management account is $40.0 million and the average relationship spans over 10 years. Further, we have a high client retention rate of 97%, as measured by lost clients since 2019.
The strategies of these External Strategic Managers include Real Estate Bridge Lending, European Equities and Asian Credit and Special Situations. We are focused on partnering with global alternative asset managers in order to unlock and achieve growth from both an asset and operational perspective.
We are focused on partnering with global alternative asset managers in order to unlock and achieve growth from both an asset and operational perspective.
As at December 31, 2022, our Co-investment platform has deployed more than $7 billion of capital (inclusive of capital raised for our real estate funds), of which approximately 15% has been invested by our shareholders and employees.
As of December 31, 2023, our real estate co-investment platform has deployed more than $7.8 billion of capital (inclusive of capital raised for our real estate funds), of which approximately 14% has been invested by legacy Alvarium Shareholders and senior employees. 15 Investors, typically HNWIs, single family offices and institutional investors, are invited to participate alongside our employees and shareholders on a deal-by-deal basis.
Our U.S. trusts services are provided from Delaware, which is one of the most well-developed trust legal regimes in the United States; our international trusts, corporate, and administration services are provided from the Isle of Man and Switzerland, which, similarly, have well-developed legal regimes for such services. 6 Table of Contents Our customized trust and administration services include: • entity formation and management; • creating or modifying trust instruments and/or administrative practices to meet beneficiary needs; • full corporate, trustee-executor, and fiduciary services; • provision of directors and company secretarial services; • account and entity financial reporting and record keeping of all assets and transactions; • administering entity ownership of intellectual property (“IP”) rights; • advice and administration services in connection with investments in marine and aviation assets; and • administering entity ownership of fine art and collectibles.
Our customized trust and administration services include: • entity formation and management; • creating or modifying trust instruments and/or administrative practices to meet beneficiary needs; • full corporate, trustee-executor, and fiduciary services; • provision of directors and company secretarial services; • administering entity ownership of intellectual property rights; • advice and administration services in connection with investments in marine and aviation assets; and • administering entity ownership of fine art and collectibles.
Below are three examples of such accretive transactions (past performance and outcomes of such transaction are not necessarily indicative of future results or performance or outcome of other similar transactions). • Acquired initial stake in LXi REIT Advisors in 2017 and have since built our shareholding to almost 100% • Expanded access to public markets • Increased recurring revenue from permanent capital base • In July 2022, LXi REIT plc acquired Secure Income REIT plc and LXi REIT Advisors continues to advice the combined entity. • Acquired Seattle-based $3.4 billion AUM wealth manager in 2017 • Grew scale and West Coast presence in wealth management • Expanded Impact Investing capabilities • Acquired initial minority stake in Toronto-based real estate bridge lender in 2018 • Provided Romspen immediate distribution access to U.S. and global investors • Have since made follow-on investment to support rapid growth Applying our core principles globally, we aim to build on the success of our business, through: • Organic Growth: We attract clients and grow our AUM by providing exceptional client service and executing our clients’ investment objectives, partnering with our clients to deliver solutions, and accessing Impact Investing, innovative investment opportunities on our clients’ behalf. • Selective Accretive Acquisitions: We thoughtfully evaluate global acquisition opportunities that enhance and deepen the services that we can offer our clients and investors.
Below are three examples of such accretive transactions. • Acquired 30% stake in Lugano-based $943 million AUM Wealth manager in 2019 • Expanded into attractive Northern Italian market • Grew assets to $1.2 billion in 2023 • In August 2023, acquired remaining 70% stake. • Acquired Seattle-based $3.4 billion AUM wealth manager in 2017 • Grew scale and West Coast presence in wealth management • Expanded impact investing capabilities • Acquired initial minority stake in London-based European Long Short fund in 2020 • Provided Zebedee immediate distribution access to U.S. and global investors • Investors Choice winner in 2022 • Increased stake by 5% to 12% in 2023 Applying our core principles globally, we aim to build on the success of our business, through: • Organic Growth: We attract clients and grow our AUM by providing exceptional client service and executing our clients’ investment objectives, partnering with our clients to deliver solutions, and accessing impact investing and other innovative investment opportunities on our clients’ behalf. • Selective Accretive Acquisitions: We thoughtfully evaluate global acquisition opportunities that enhance and deepen the services that we can offer our clients and investors.
Its investment objective is to deliver secure inflation-protected income and capital growth by investing in a portfolio of UK homeless shelters. HLIF pursues its investment objective by investing a minimum of 90 percent of its capital in a diverse portfolio of homeless shelter assets in the UK.
Its investment objective is to deliver secure inflation-protected income and capital growth by investing in a portfolio of UK homeless shelters. HLIF is advised by SHIA and AFM UK acts as its alternative investment fund manager. Both SHIA and AFM UK are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.
We use third-party software for record-keeping, performance calculation, and reporting and we prepare performance reports by using data provided by custodians, investment managers, and independent pricing services.
We choose to use third-party software for record-keeping, performance calculation, and reporting, using Addepar’s SaaS platform, and we prepare performance reports by using data provided by custodians, investment managers, and independent pricing services. We then interpret and analyze how portfolio performance aligns with a clients’ financial, non-financial and, where relevant, impact goals and values.
Investment Management and Advisory Services In our investment management and advisory services teams, our objective is to maximize our clients’ wealth over the long term by optimizing their risk/return ratio, adhering to disciplined risk management and diversification, focusing on valuations, and seeking to avoid investment structures that could result in forced selling of assets at inopportune times.
Investment Management and Advisory Services In our investment management and advisory services teams, our objective is to maximize our clients’ wealth over the long term by optimizing their risk/return ratio, adhering to disciplined endowment style diversification, implemented by accessing the best global manager talent.
We believe our strategy is both repeatable and scalable and will afford us with compelling opportunities for growth in the future. OUR REVENUE STREAMS Consistent with operating a diverse range of services, we generate a diverse range of revenue streams across our business lines. A high-level summary of these revenue streams is set forth below.
As a result of this transaction, the management contract between LXi and LRA will be terminated. OUR REVENUE STREAMS Consistent with operating a diverse range of services, we generate a diverse range of revenue streams across our business lines. A high-level summary of these revenue streams is set forth below.
As a result, performance and incentive fees provide potential upside to our revenues in the future and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability. • Transaction fees are generated from Co-investments, from our merchant banking, corporate advisory, brokerage, and placement agency services and certain of the External Strategic Managers.
As a result, performance and incentive fees provide potential upside to our revenues in the future and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability. • Distributions from investments are generated from the equity interests we have in the three External Managers pursuant to which we are entitled to distributions based on the terms of the respective arrangements.
Our fees from managing and advising these vehicles are contained in management and advisory contracts relating to the relevant fund and are calculated on a sliding scale of percentages of the net asset value or the market capitalization of the relevant fund as applicable. 39 Table of Contents Placements and brokerage : Fees are also generated in our Co-investments division from acting as placement agent, broker or bookrunner to investment funds, especially listed or publicly traded investment companies (including investment trusts and real estate investment trusts.
Our fees from managing and advising these vehicles are contained in management and advisory contracts relating to the relevant fund and are typically calculated on a sliding scale of percentages of the asset value, market capitalization or the investor capital of the relevant fund as applicable.
As a growth-oriented partner, we work with our fund managers on marketing, business development, strategy and operational efficiencies. Business Segments Event-Driven Global Merger Arbitrage The TIG Arbitrage strategy is our event-driven strategy based in New York. This strategy, which has approximately $3.0 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2022, focuses on 0-to-30-day events within the merger process.
The investor base of each strategy is predominantly comprised of institutional investors. Internally Managed Funds Event-Driven Global Merger Arbitrage The TIG Arbitrage strategy is our event-driven strategy based in New York. This strategy, which has approximately $2.4 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2023, focuses on 0-to-30-day events within the merger process.
Under this banner of Impact Investing, we offer four distinct approaches to investment of client capital: • Values Alignment: Offering public equity investments which may have either a positive or negative “tilt” based upon client-specific values and interests; • ESG Integration: Investments which integrate consideration of environmental, social and governance factors into our assessment of investment opportunities to manage “off-balance sheet risk” represented by ESG factors or position investments to benefit from market opportunities represented by ESG factors; • Thematic: Fund investments within the areas of environmental sustainability and socio-economic development; and • Catalytic: Investments of near or below market return seeking to leverage private capital for greater public good.
Under this banner of impact investing, we offer four distinct approaches to investment of client capital: • Values Alignment: Offering public equity investments which may have either a positive or negative “tilt” based upon client-specific values and interests as reflected in their investment policy statement; • Positive Engagement: Offering public equity investments with active managers who seek to engage in a positive manner with corporate leadership to integrate greater consideration of off-balance sheet factors (corporate governance, various social and/or environmental practices) which are material to long-term corporate financial performance and positive citizenship; • Thematic investing: Private market fund investments within the areas of environmental sustainability and socio-economic development; and • Catalytic: Private market investments in strategies that are non-conforming with our traditional investment approach and may include managers/teams building new track records, implementing innovative investment strategies, operating with evergreen or non-traditional fund structures and offering market rate, near or below market financial returns while seeking to leverage private capital for greater public good.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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As of January 2021, ERISA regulations required that an ERISA plan fiduciary base its investment decisions solely on “pecuniary” factors, which include factors that the fiduciary “prudently determines are expected to have a material effect on the risk and/or return of an investment based on appropriate investment horizons consistent with the plan’s investment objectives and the funding policy established pursuant to section 402(b)(1) of ERISA.” The regulations provide a limited exception allowing an ERISA plan fiduciary to consider non-pecuniary factors where pecuniary factors are not determinative, provided certain substantive conditions are met.
As of January 2021, ERISA regulations required that an ERISA plan fiduciary base its investment decisions solely on “pecuniary” factors, which include factors that the fiduciary “prudently determines are expected to have a material effect on the risk and/or return of an investment based on appropriate investment horizons consistent with the plan’s investment objectives and the funding policy established pursuant to section 402(b)(1) of ERISA.” The regulations provide a limited exception allowing an ERISA plan fiduciary to consider non- 57 pecuniary factors where pecuniary factors are not determinative, provided certain substantive conditions are met.
To the extent we enter into new lines of business, we will face numerous risks and uncertainties, including risks associated with the possibility that we have insufficient expertise to engage in such activities profitably or without incurring inappropriate amounts of risk, the required investment of capital and other resources and the loss of clients due to the perception that we are no longer focusing on our core business.
To the extent we enter into new lines of business, we will face numerous risks and uncertainties, including risks associated with the possibility that we 47 have insufficient expertise to engage in such activities profitably or without incurring inappropriate amounts of risk, the required investment of capital and other resources and the loss of clients due to the perception that we are no longer focusing on our core business.
Any failure by us to comply with either existing or new laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to U.S. foreign investment regulations, which may impose conditions on or limit certain investors’ ability to purchase or maintain our Common Stock.
Any failure by us to comply with either existing or new laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to U.S. foreign investment regulations, which may impose conditions on or limit certain investors’ ability to purchase or maintain our Class A Common Stock.
Such requirements relate to, among other things, restrictions on entering into transactions with clients, maintaining an effective compliance program, incentive fees, solicitation arrangements, allocation of investments, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, disclosure requirements, limitations on agency cross and principal transactions between an adviser and their advisory clients, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions.
Such requirements relate to, among other things, restrictions on entering into transactions with clients, maintaining an effective compliance program, incentive 49 fees, solicitation arrangements, allocation of investments, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, disclosure requirements, limitations on agency cross and principal transactions between an adviser and their advisory clients, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions.
Regulatory scrutiny of, or litigation in connection with, conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including an inability to raise additional funds, attract new investors or retain existing clients.
Regulatory scrutiny of, or litigation in connection with, conflicts of interest could 44 have a material adverse effect on our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including an inability to raise additional funds, attract new investors or retain existing clients.
In addition, in March 2021, the FCA announced that LIBOR will no longer be provided for the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar settings after December 21, 2021 and that publication of the U.S. dollar settings for the overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month LIBOR rates will cease after June 30, 2023.
In addition, in March 2021, the FCA announced that LIBOR will no longer be provided for the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar settings after December 21, 2021 and that publication of the U.S. dollar settings for the overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month and 12-month LIBOR rates would cease after June 30, 2023.
Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State. The FCPA is intended to prohibit bribery of foreign governments and their officials and political parties and requires public companies in the United States to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect those companies’ transactions. OFAC, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S.
The FCPA is intended to prohibit bribery of foreign governments and their officials and political parties and requires public companies in the United States to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect those companies’ transactions. OFAC, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S.
It is impossible to determine the extent of the impact of any new laws, regulations, initiatives or regulatory guidance that may be proposed or may become law on our business or the markets in which we operate.
It is impossible to determine the extent of the impact of any new 48 laws, regulations, initiatives or regulatory guidance that may be proposed or may become law on our business or the markets in which we operate.
This is because the UK is both: (i) no longer generally required to transpose EU law in to UK law; and (ii) electing to transpose certain EU legislation into UK law subject to various amendments and subject to the FCA’s oversight rather than that of EU regulators.
This is because the UK is both: (i) no longer generally required to transpose EU law into UK law; and (ii) electing to transpose certain EU legislation into UK law subject to various amendments and subject to the UK FCA’s oversight rather than that of EU regulators.
In addition, we may be subject to successor liability for FCPA violations or other acts of bribery, or violations of applicable sanctions or other export control laws committed by companies in which we or our clients invest or which we or our clients acquire.
In addition, we may be subject to successor liability for FCPA violations or other acts of bribery, or violations of applicable sanctions or other 52 export control laws, committed by companies in which we or our clients invest or which we or our clients acquire.
However, poor performance of our investments could cause a decline in our revenues as a result of reduced management fees and incentive fees from our clients, as applicable, and may therefore have a materially adverse impact on our results.
Poor performance of our investments could cause a decline in our revenues as a result of reduced management fees and incentive fees from our clients, as applicable, and may therefore have a materially adverse impact on our results.
Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs, and as a result, the market price of our Class A Common Stock and Warrants could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs, and as 31 a result, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. However, given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it will be a rate that does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR).
SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. However, given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR).
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Inflation Reduction Act”), which, among other things, imposes a 1% excise tax on any domestic corporation the stock of which is traded on an established securities market (a “covered corporation”) that repurchases its stock after December 31, 2022 (the “Excise Tax”).
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act, which, among other things, imposes a 1% excise tax on any domestic corporation the stock of which is traded on an established securities market (a “covered corporation”) that repurchases its stock after December 31, 2022 (the “Excise Tax”).
The financial markets, and in turn the financial services industry, are affected by many factors, such as U.S. and foreign economic and geopolitical conditions and general trends in business and finance that are beyond our control, and could be adversely affected by changes in the equity or debt marketplaces, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, the yield curve, financial crises, war, terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics and outbreaks of disease or similar public health concerns such as the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors that are difficult to predict.
The financial markets, and in turn the financial services industry, are affected by many factors, such as U.S. and foreign economic and geopolitical conditions and general trends in business and finance that are beyond our control, and could be adversely affected by changes in the equity or debt marketplaces, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, the yield curve, financial crises, war, terrorism, natural disasters, pandemics and outbreaks of disease or similar public health concerns, and other factors that are difficult to predict.
We may incur significant expense in order to comply with such reform measures and may incur significant liabilities if regulatory authorities determine that we are not in compliance. Our business is subject to regulation in the United States, including by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”), the IRS, FINRA and other regulatory agencies.
We may incur significant expense in order to comply with such reform measures and may incur significant liabilities if regulatory authorities determine that we are not in compliance. Our business is subject to regulation in the United States, including by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the IRS, and other regulatory agencies.
Any restrictions on the ability of Umbrella’s subsidiaries to make dividends or distributions to Umbrella would also reduce the cash available to Umbrella to make distributions. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.
Any restrictions on the ability of Umbrella’s subsidiaries to make dividends or other distributions to 34 Umbrella would also reduce the cash available to Umbrella to make distributions. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.
In addition, entities are generally prohibited under relevant law from making a distribution to a shareholder to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, the liabilities of such entity (subject to certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets.
In addition, entities are generally prohibited under relevant law from making a distribution to a stockholder to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, the liabilities of such entity (subject to certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets.
The SEC in particular continues to increase its regulation of the asset management and private equity industries, focusing on the private equity industry’s fees, allocation of expenses to funds, marketing practices, allocation of investment opportunities, disclosures to investors, the allocation of broken-deal expenses and general conflicts of interest disclosures.
The SEC continues to increase its regulation of the asset management and private equity industries, focusing on the private equity industry’s fees, allocation of expenses to funds, marketing practices, allocation of investment opportunities, disclosures to investors, the allocation of broken-deal expenses and general conflicts of interest disclosures.
Taken together, (i) and (ii) could result in divergence between the UK and EU regulatory frameworks. 56 Table of Contents In addition, across the EU, we are subject to the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”), under which we are subject to regulatory requirements regarding, among other things, registration for marketing activities, the structure of remuneration for certain of our personnel and reporting obligations.
Taken together, (i) and (ii) could result in divergence between the UK and EU regulatory frameworks. In addition, across the EU, we are subject to the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”), under which we are subject to regulatory requirements regarding, among other things, registration for marketing activities, the structure of remuneration for certain of our personnel and reporting obligations.
In addition to tax expenses, we will also incur expenses related to its operations, including its payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which could be significant, and some of which will be reimbursed by Umbrella (excluding payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement).
In addition to tax expenses, we will also incur expenses related to our operations, including our payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which could be significant, and some of which will be reimbursed by Umbrella (excluding payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement).
If our subsidiaries do not have sufficient funds to make distributions, the Company’s ability to declare and pay cash dividends may also be restricted or impaired. 46 Table of Contents Our revenue is derived from fees correlated to the amount of assets under management and assets under advisement that we have and the performance of our investment strategies and/or products.
If our subsidiaries do not have sufficient funds to make distributions, the Company’s ability to declare and pay cash dividends may also be restricted or impaired. Our revenue is derived from fees correlated to the amount of assets under management and assets under advisement that we have and the performance of our investment strategies and/or products.
However, as discussed above, Umbrella’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions including, but not limited to, retention of amounts necessary to satisfy the obligations of Umbrella and restrictions on distributions that would violate any applicable restrictions contained in Umbrella’s debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering Umbrella insolvent.
However, Umbrella’s ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions including, but not limited to, retention of amounts necessary to satisfy the obligations of Umbrella and restrictions on distributions that would violate any applicable restrictions contained in Umbrella’s debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering Umbrella insolvent.
Our current scale and reach as a provider to the financial services industry, the increased regulatory oversight of the financial services industry generally, new laws and regulations affecting the financial services industry, ever-changing regulatory interpretations of existing laws and regulations and the retroactive imposition of new interpretations through enforcement actions have made this an increasingly challenging and costly regulatory environment in which to operate.
Our current scale and reach as a provider to the financial services industry, the continued stringent regulatory oversight of the financial services industry generally, new laws and regulations affecting the financial services industry, ever-changing regulatory interpretations of existing laws and regulations and the retroactive imposition of new interpretations through enforcement actions have made this an increasingly challenging and costly regulatory environment in which to operate.
A number of factors serve to increase our competitive risks: • a number of our competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources and more personnel than we do; • some of our competitors have significant amounts of capital or are expected to raise significant amounts of capital, and many of them have investment objectives similar to ours, which may create additional competition for investment opportunities and may reduce the size and duration of pricing inefficiencies that our investments seek to exploit; • some of our investments may not perform as well as competitors’ funds or other available investment products; • some of our competitors may have a lower cost of capital, which may be exacerbated to the extent potential changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) limit the deductibility of interest expense; • some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us, which may create competitive disadvantages for us with respect to investment opportunities; 47 Table of Contents • some of our competitors may be subject to less regulation and accordingly may have more flexibility to undertake and execute certain businesses or investments than we can and/or bear less compliance expense than we do; • some of our competitors may have more flexibility than us in raising certain types of investment funds under the investment management contracts they have negotiated with their investors; • some of our competitors may have better expertise or be regarded by investors as having better expertise in a specific asset class or geographic region than we do; and • other industry participants may, from time to time, seek to recruit our investment professionals and other employees away from us.
A number of factors serve to increase our competitive risks: • a number of our competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources and more personnel than we do; • some of our competitors have significant amounts of capital or are expected to raise significant amounts of capital, and many of them have investment objectives similar to ours, which may create additional competition for investment opportunities and may reduce the size and duration of pricing inefficiencies that our investments seek to exploit; • some of our investments may not perform as well as competitors’ funds or other available investment products; • some of our competitors may have a lower cost of capital, which may be exacerbated to the extent potential changes to the Code limit the deductibility of interest expense; • some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us, which may create competitive disadvantages for us with respect to investment opportunities; • some of our competitors may be subject to less regulation and accordingly may have more flexibility to undertake and execute certain businesses or investments than we can and/or bear less compliance expense than we do; • some of our competitors may have more flexibility than us in raising certain types of investment funds under the investment management contracts they have negotiated with their investors; • some of our competitors may have better expertise or be regarded by investors as having better expertise in a specific asset class or geographic region than we do; and 40 • other industry participants may, from time to time, seek to recruit our investment professionals and other employees away from us.
Dividends on our shares, if any, will be paid at the discretion of the board of directors (the “Board”), which will consider, among other things, our business, operating results, financial condition, current and expected cash needs, plans for expansion and any legal or contractual limitations on its ability to pay such dividends.
Dividends on our shares, if any, will be paid at the discretion of the Board, which will consider, among other things, our business, operating results, financial condition, current and expected cash needs, plans for expansion and any legal or contractual limitations on our ability to pay such dividends.
The SEC 55 Table of Contents has also heightened its focus on the valuation practices employed by investment advisers. The lack of readily ascertainable market prices for many of the investments made by our clients or the funds in which we invest could subject our valuation policies and processes to increased scrutiny by the SEC.
The SEC has also heightened its focus on the valuation practices employed by investment advisers. The lack of readily ascertainable market prices for many of the investments made by our clients or the funds in which we invest could subject our valuation policies and processes to increased scrutiny by the SEC.
We may expand our business and may enter into new lines of business or geographic markets, which may result in additional risks and uncertainties and place significant demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage this growth.
We are expanding our business and may enter into new lines of business or geographic markets, which may result in additional risks and uncertainties and place significant demands on our administrative, operational and financial resources. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage this growth.
Since the completion of the Business Combination, we are a holding company with no material assets other than the equity interests in its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Umbrella. As a result, we will have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow.
Since the completion of the Business Combination, we are a holding company with no material assets other than the equity interests in our direct and indirect subsidiaries, including Umbrella. As a result, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow.
Our failure to adequately mitigate these conflicts could give rise to regulatory and investor scrutiny. 51 Table of Contents In the ordinary course of our investment activities on behalf of our clients, we receive investment-related information. We do not generally establish information barriers between internal investment teams.
Our failure to adequately mitigate these conflicts could give rise to regulatory and investor scrutiny. In the ordinary course of our investment activities on behalf of our clients, we receive investment-related information. We do not generally establish information barriers between internal investment teams.
The transition to sustainable finance accelerates existing risks and raises new risks for our business that may impact our profitability and success. In particular, ESG matters have been the subject of increased focus by certain regulators, including in the US and the EU.
The transition to sustainable finance accelerates existing risks and raises new risks for our business that may impact our profitability and success. In particular, ESG matters have been the subject of increased focus by certain regulators, including in the U.S. and the EU.
Under the final regulations of the reform legislation, which became effective on February 13, 2020, CFIUS has the authority to review and potentially recommend that the President of the United States block or impose conditions on non-controlling investments in critical infrastructure and critical technology companies and in companies collecting or storing sensitive data of U.S. citizens, which may reduce the number of potential buyers and limit the ability of our clients to realize value from certain existing and future investments.
Under the final regulations of the reform legislation, CFIUS has the authority to review and potentially recommend that the President of the United States block or impose conditions on non-controlling investments in critical infrastructure and critical technology companies and in companies collecting or storing sensitive data of U.S. citizens, which may reduce the number of potential buyers and limit the ability of our clients to realize value from certain existing and future investments.
A failure to comply with the obligations imposed by the Advisers Act, the Exchange Act or FINRA rules, including recordkeeping, advertising and operating requirements, disclosure obligations and prohibitions on fraudulent activities, could result in examinations, investigations, sanctions and reputational damage, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A failure to comply with the obligations imposed by the Advisers Act, including recordkeeping, advertising and operating requirements, disclosure obligations and prohibitions on fraudulent activities, could result in examinations, investigations, sanctions and reputational damage, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we increase these amounts, it will likely reduce our revenues, or cause a higher percentage of our revenue to be paid out in the form of 52 Table of Contents compensation, adversely impacting our profit margins.
If we increase these amounts, it will likely reduce our revenues, or cause a higher percentage of our revenue to be paid out in the form of compensation, adversely impacting our profit margins.
As a result, we may face significant challenges in: • maintaining adequate financial, regulatory (legal, tax and compliance) and business controls; • providing current and future investors and shareholders with accurate and consistent reporting; • implementing new or updated information and financial systems and procedures; and 61 Table of Contents • training, managing and appropriately sizing our work force and other components of our businesses on a timely and cost-effective basis.
As a result, we may face significant challenges in: • maintaining adequate financial, regulatory (legal, tax and compliance) and business controls; • providing current and future investors and stockholders with accurate and consistent reporting; • implementing new or updated information and financial systems and procedures; and • training, managing and appropriately sizing our work force and other components of our businesses on a timely and cost-effective basis.
Department of State administer and enforce various export control laws and regulations, including economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign states, organizations and individuals.
Department of State administer and enforce various export control and economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign states, regions, organizations, entities and individuals.
These examinations or investigations, including any enforcement action brought by the SEC against us, could result in the identification of matters that may require remediation activities or enforcement proceedings by the regulator. The direct and indirect costs of responding to these examinations, or of defending us in any litigation could be significant.
These examinations or investigations, including any enforcement action brought by the SEC, UK FCA or other regulator against us, could result in the identification of matters that may require remediation activities or enforcement proceedings by the relevant regulator. The direct and indirect costs of responding to these examinations, or of defending us in any litigation could be significant.
Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in fines, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of certain of our subsidiaries’ registrations as investment advisors or as a broker-dealer, as applicable.
Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in fines, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of certain of our subsidiaries’ registrations as investment advisors.
We also determine, in our sole discretion, the appropriate allocation of investment-related expenses, including broken deal expenses, incurred in respect of unconsummated investments and expenses more generally relating to a particular investment strategy, among our funds and accounts participating or that would have participated in such investments or that otherwise participate in the relevant investment strategy, as applicable.
We also determine, in our sole discretion, the appropriate allocation of investment-related expenses, including broken deal expenses, incurred in respect of unconsummated 42 investments and expenses more generally relating to a particular investment strategy, among our investment products and services, vehicles and accounts participating or that would have participated in such investments or that otherwise participate in the relevant investment strategy, as applicable.
Financing arrangements may include restrictive covenants that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to our shareholders.
Financing arrangements may include restrictive covenants that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to our stockholders.
Federal, state and foreign anti-corruption and sanctions laws create the potential for significant liabilities and penalties and reputational harm.
Federal, state and foreign anti-corruption, export control and sanctions laws create the potential for significant liabilities and penalties and reputational harm.
Inflation and rapid increases in interest rates have led to a decline in the trading value of previously issued government securities with interest rates below current market interest rates. Although the U.S.
Inflation and rapid increases in interest rates have led to a decline in the trading value of previously issued government securities with interest rates below current market interest rates.
Part 800). 57 Table of Contents The Business Combination resulted in investments in various U.S. entities by non-U.S. persons that could be considered by CFIUS to result in a covered control transaction that CFIUS would have authority to review.
Part 800). The Business Combination resulted in investments in various U.S. entities by non-U.S. persons that could be considered by CFIUS to result in a covered control transaction that CFIUS would have authority to review.
The EU Securitization Regulation (the “Securitization Regulation”), which became effective on January 1, 2019, imposes due diligence and risk retention requirements on “institutional investors,” which includes managers of alternative investment funds assets, and constrains the ability of alternative investment funds to invest in securitization positions that do not comply with the prescribed risk retention requirements.
The EU Securitization Regulation (the “Securitization Regulation”) imposes due diligence and risk retention requirements on “institutional investors,” which includes managers of alternative investment funds assets, and constrains the ability of alternative investment funds to invest in securitization positions that do not comply with the prescribed risk retention requirements.
On January 26, 2023, attorney generals of twenty-five states filed suit in an attempt to block the rule. We cannot predict the outcome of this lawsuit. 62 Table of Contents We are exposed to data and cybersecurity risks that could result in data breaches, service interruptions, harm to our reputation, protracted and costly litigation or significant liability.
On January 26, 2023, attorney generals of 25 states filed suit in an attempt to block the rule. We cannot predict the outcome of this lawsuit. We are exposed to data and cybersecurity risks that could result in data breaches, service interruptions, harm to our reputation, protracted and costly litigation or significant liability .
The anticipated benefits of the Business Combination may not be realized or may take longer than expected to realize. The future success of the Business Combination, including its anticipated benefits, depends, in part, on our ability to optimize our combined operations, which will be a complex, costly and time-consuming process.
The anticipated benefits of the Business Combination may not be realized or may take longer than expected to realize. Achieving the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination, depends, in part, on our ability to optimize our combined operations, which will be a complex, costly and time-consuming process.
In an effort to mitigate potential conflicts of interest and address regulatory, legal and contractual requirements and contractual restrictions, we have implemented certain policies and procedures (for example, information sharing policies) that may reduce the positive synergies that would otherwise exist across our various businesses.
In an effort to mitigate potential conflicts of interest and address regulatory, legal and contractual requirements and contractual restrictions, we have implemented certain procedures that may reduce the positive synergies that would otherwise exist across our various businesses.
In recent years, certain investors, including U.S. public pension funds and certain non-U.S. investors, have placed increasing importance on the impacts of investments to which they invest or commit capital, including with respect to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters.
In recent years, certain investors, including U.S. public pension funds and certain non-U.S. investors, have placed increasing importance on the impacts of investments to which they invest or commit capital, including with respect to ESG matters.
It may also create incentives to influence how we establish economic terms for future funds and products. In addition, we may have an incentive to make exit determinations based on factors that maximize performance economics in favor of certain of our shareholders and employees relative to us and our non-participating shareholders.
It may also create incentives to influence how we establish economic terms for future funds. In addition, we may have an incentive to make exit determinations based on factors that maximize economics in favor of the employees relative to us and our non-participating stockholders.
To the extent an increased share of carried interest and performance-based fees are insufficient to ensure an adequate amount of cash is received by our investment professionals and other key personnel, we may not be able to adequately attract or retain them. Conflicts of interest may arise in our allocation of co-investment opportunities.
To the extent an increased share of carried interest and performance-based fees are insufficient to ensure an adequate amount of cash is received by our investment professionals and other key personnel, we may not be able to adequately attract or retain them.
Our failure to appropriately address any actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest resulting from our entitlement to receive carried interest or performance-based fees from our funds and other products could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including limiting our ability to raise additional funds and other products, attract new clients or retain existing clients.
Our failure to appropriately address any actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest resulting from our entitlement to receive performance income from many of our investment products and services could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our business in a number of ways, including limiting our ability to raise additional funds, attract new clients or retain existing clients.
Carried interest and performance-based fees may create an incentive for us or our investment professionals to make more speculative or riskier investments and determinations, directly or indirectly on behalf of our funds and products, or otherwise take or refrain from taking certain actions that we would otherwise make in the absence of such carried interest or performance-based fees.
Carried interest and performance-based fees or allocations may create an incentive for us or our investment professionals to make more speculative or riskier investments and determinations, directly or indirectly on behalf of our investment products and services, or otherwise take or refrain from taking certain actions than it would otherwise make in the absence of such carried interest or performance-based fees or allocations.
Our Hong Kong wealth management business represents $0.7 billion in AUM as of December 31, 2022, which represents approximately 1.1% of our AUM and 1.5% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. Moreover, more than 99% of our Hong Kong client assets are custodied in locations other than China or Hong Kong.
Our Hong Kong wealth management business represents $0.8 billion in AUM as of December 31, 2023, which represents approximately 1.2% of our AUM and less than 1.0% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023. Moreover, more than 99% of our Hong Kong client assets are custodied in locations other than China or Hong Kong.
Changes to tax laws may also adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel. 58 Table of Contents We may be subject to the Excise Tax included in the Inflation Reduction Act of in connection with redemptions of our Class A ordinary shares after December 31, 2022.
Changes to tax laws may also adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel. We may be subject to the excise tax included in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 in connection with redemptions of our Class A Common Stock after December 31, 2022.
In the future we expect to pay an increased amount of carried interest and performance-based fees to our investment professionals and other personnel in order to attract and retain them, which may result in a reduction of our revenues and a decrease in our profit margins.
We pay carried interest and performance-based fees to our investment professionals and other personnel in order to attract and retain them, which may result in a reduction of our revenues and a decrease in our profit margins.
In addition, if LIBOR ceases to exist, our funds, borrowers of our funds and the External Strategic Managers in which we have made strategic investments and their respective portfolio companies may need to renegotiate the credit agreements extending beyond 2023 that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate, in order to replace LIBOR with the new standard that is established, which may have an adverse effect on our overall financial condition or results of operations.
In addition, our funds, borrowers of our funds and the External Strategic Managers in which we have made strategic investments and their respective portfolio companies may need to renegotiate the credit agreements extending beyond 2023 that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate, which may have an adverse effect on our overall financial condition or results of operations.
These laws include Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, and the regulations at 31 C.F.R. Parts 800 and 802, as amended, administered by CFIUS.
These laws include Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended by the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018, and the regulations at 31 C.F.R. Parts 800 and 802, as amended, administered by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”).
Furthermore, declining economic conditions could negatively impact commercial real estate fundamentals and result in lower occupancy, lower rental rates and declining values in our real estate portfolio, which could have the following negative effects on us: • the values of our investments in commercial properties could decrease below the amounts paid for such investments; and/or • revenues from the properties underlying our real estate investments could decrease due to fewer tenants and/or lower rental rates.
Furthermore, changing economic conditions, including the increase in remote work or hybrid work arrangements, could result in lower occupancy, lower rental rates and declining values in our real estate portfolio, which could have the following negative effects on us: • the values of our investments in commercial properties could decrease below the amounts paid for such investments; and • revenues from the properties underlying our real estate investments could decrease due to fewer tenants and/or lower rental rates.
The integration of the Target Companies may present material challenges, including, without limitation: • combining the leadership teams and corporate cultures of TWMH, the TIG Entities and Alvarium; • the diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business concerns and performance shortfalls at one or more of the businesses as a result of the devotion of management’s attention to the Business Combination or integration of the businesses; • managing a larger combined business; • maintaining employee morale and retaining key management and other employees at the combined company, including by offering sufficiently attractive terms of employment; • retaining existing business and operational relationships, and attracting new business and operational relationships; • the possibility of faulty assumptions underlying expectations regarding the integration process; • consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations; 48 Table of Contents • managing expense loads and maintaining currently anticipated operating margins given that the Target Companies are different in nature and therefore may require additional personnel and compensation expenses, which expenses may be borne by us, rather than our funds; and • unanticipated issues in integrating information technology, communications and other systems.
The integration of our acquisitions may present material challenges, including, without limitation: • combining leadership teams and corporate cultures; • the diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business concerns and performance shortfalls as a result of the devotion of management’s attention to the integration of a new asset or business; • managing a larger combined business; 41 • maintaining employee morale and retaining key management and other employees, including by offering sufficiently attractive terms of employment; • retaining existing business and operational relationships, and attracting new business and operational relationships; • the possibility of faulty assumptions underlying expectations regarding the integration process; • consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations; • managing expense loads and maintaining currently anticipated operating margins given that investment products and services may be different in nature and therefore may require additional personnel and compensation expenses, which expenses may be borne by us, rather than our investment products and services; and • unanticipated issues in integrating information technology, communications and other systems.
Moreover, if LIBOR ceases to exist, our funds and their portfolio companies may need to renegotiate certain terms of their credit facilities.
Moreover, our funds and their portfolio companies may need to renegotiate certain terms of their credit facilities.
If our funds and their portfolio companies are unable to do so, amounts drawn under their credit facilities may bear interest at a higher rate, which would increase the cost of their borrowings and, in turn, affect their results of operations.
If our funds and their portfolio companies are unable to do so, amounts drawn under their credit facilities may bear interest at a higher rate, which would increase the cost of their borrowings and, in turn, affect their results of operations. 45 Risks Related to Geographical Environment Our international operations subject us to numerous risks.
There is a risk that the new regime will result in higher regulatory capital requirements for affected firms and new, more onerous remuneration rules, as well as re-cut and extended internal governance, disclosure, reporting, liquidity, and group “prudential” consolidation requirements (among other things), each of which could have a material impact on our European operations, although there are transitional provisions allowing firms to increase their capital to the necessary level over three to five years.
There is a risk that the new regime will result in higher regulatory capital requirements for affected firms and new, more onerous remuneration rules, as well as re-cut and extended internal governance, disclosure, reporting, liquidity, and group “prudential” consolidation requirements (among other things), each of which could have a material impact on our European operations, although there are transitional provisions allowing firms to increase their capital to the necessary level over three to five years. 50 It is expected that additional laws and regulations will come into force in the EEA, the EU, the UK and other countries in which we operate over the coming years.
This could result in one or more of our clients bearing more or less of these expenses than other investors or potential investors in the relevant investments or a fund paying a disproportionate share, including some or all, of the broken deal expenses or other expenses incurred by potential investors.
That often requires judgment and could result in one or more of our funds bearing more or less of these expenses than other investors or potential investors in the relevant investments or a fund paying a disproportionate share, including some or all, of the broken deal expenses or other expenses incurred by potential investors.
The financial services industry faces substantial regulatory risks and litigation. Like many firms operating within the financial services industry, we are experiencing a difficult regulatory environment across our markets.
Like many firms operating within the financial services industry, we are experiencing a difficult regulatory environment across our markets.
In recent years, many changes have been made and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. Additional changes to U.S. federal income tax law are currently being contemplated, and future changes in tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations.
Additional changes to U.S. federal income tax law are currently being contemplated, and future changes in tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition or results of operations.
Global Goldfield Limited (“GCL”) is organized in and has a principal place of business in Hong Kong, and its sole ultimate beneficial owner is a Hong Kong national, and, following the closing of the Business Combination and the Private Placement, holds approximately 9.8% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock.
Global Goldfield Limited (“GCL”) is organized in and has a principal place of business in Hong Kong, and its sole ultimate beneficial owner is a Hong Kong national, and holds approximately 8.7% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock.
Changes in market and economic conditions (including as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic) could lower the value of assets on which we earn revenue and could decrease the demand for our investment solutions and services. We operate in the financial services industry.
Changes in market and economic conditions could lower the value of assets on which we earn revenue and could decrease the demand for our investment solutions and services. We operate in the financial services industry.
Any reduction in Hong Kong’s autonomy may have adverse global implications. Tensions between the United States and China with respect to international trade policy, human rights and relations with Taiwan and Russia may result in the imposition of tariffs or economic sanctions, the application of which may be extended to Hong Kong.
Tensions between the United States and China with respect to international trade policy, human rights and relations with Taiwan and Russia may result in the imposition of tariffs, export controls or economic sanctions, the application of which may be extended to Hong Kong.
The elimination of LIBOR or any other changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of LIBOR could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to our portfolio companies or on our overall financial condition or results of operations.
The transition from LIBOR to another benchmark rate or rates could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to our portfolio companies or on our overall financial condition or results of operations.
Our entitlement and that of certain of our shareholders and employees to receive carried interest or performance-based fees from certain of our funds and other products may create an incentive for us to make more speculative investments and determinations on behalf of our funds and other products than would be the case in the absence of such carried interest or performance-based fees.
Our entitlement and that of certain employees to receive performance income from certain of our investment products and services may create an incentive for us to make more speculative investments and determinations on behalf of our investment products and services than would be the case in the absence of such performance income.
We are also subject to a number of laws and regulations governing payments and contributions to political persons or other third parties, including restrictions imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) as well as trade sanctions and export control laws administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), the U.S.
We are also subject to a number of laws and regulations governing payments and contributions to political persons or other third parties, including restrictions imposed by the FCPA, as well as trade sanctions and export control laws administered by OFAC, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State.
If we are unable to compete effectively, our business and financial condition could be adversely affected. The industry in which we operate is intensely competitive, with competition based on a variety of factors, including investment performance, the scope and the quality of service provided to clients, brand recognition, business reputation and price.
The industry in which we operate is intensely competitive, with competition based on a variety of factors, including investment performance, the scope and the quality of service provided to clients, brand recognition, business reputation and price.
The results of events or concerns that involve one or more of these factors could include a variety of material and adverse impacts on our current and projected business operations and our financial condition and results of operations.
The results of events or concerns that involve one or more of these factors could include a variety of material and adverse impacts on our current and projected business operations, our financial condition and results of operations, and our ability to comply with covenants in the Credit Agreement and other debt instruments.
The Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act significantly increased the types of transactions that are subject to the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”).
The Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act significantly increased the types of transactions that are subject to the jurisdiction of CFIUS.
In our client portfolios, we maintain (depending upon client objective and mandate) allocations of investments in Asian equities and Emerging Market Funds. In both cases, we have direct exposure to Hong Kong equities, Chinese equities and equities of other Asian countries for which China is a significant export market.
In both cases, we have direct exposure to Hong Kong equities, Chinese equities and equities of other Asian countries for which China is a significant export market.
We are subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code in connection with the management of certain of funds.
We are subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of the ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code in connection with the management of certain of funds.
In addition, we may from time to time explore opportunities to grow our business via acquisitions, partnerships, investments or other strategic transactions. There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify, negotiate or complete such transactions, that any completed transactions will produce favorable financial results or that we will be able to successfully integrate an acquired business with ours.
There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify, negotiate or complete such transactions in the future, that any completed transactions will produce favorable financial results or that we will be able to successfully integrate an acquired business with ours.
Because of our size and the variety of investment strategies that we pursue, we may face a higher degree of scrutiny compared with investment managers that are smaller or focus on fewer asset classes.
We currently provide or may in the future provide a broad spectrum of financial services, including investment advisory, asset management, capital markets, and idea generation. Because of our size and the variety of 43 investment strategies that we pursue, we may face a higher degree of scrutiny compared with investment managers that are smaller or focus on fewer asset classes.
Because the combined company is a Delaware corporation and our securities trade on Nasdaq following the business combination, we are a “covered corporation” within the meaning of the Inflation Reduction Act following the business combination and the Excise Tax may apply to redemptions of our Class A ordinary shares after December 31, 2022.
The Excise Tax is imposed on the fair market value of the repurchased stock, subject to certain exceptions and adjustments. Because we are a Delaware corporation and our securities trade on Nasdaq, we are a “covered corporation” within the meaning of the Inflation Reduction Act and the Excise Tax may apply to redemptions of our stock after December 31, 2022.
Our funds, and in particular our business development companies (“BDCs”), typically use LIBOR as a reference rate in term loans they extend to portfolio companies such that the interest due to us pursuant to a term loan extended to a portfolio company is calculated using LIBOR.
Our funds typically use LIBOR as a reference rate in term loans they extend to portfolio companies such that the interest due to us pursuant to a term loan extended to a portfolio company is calculated using LIBOR. The terms of our debt investments generally include minimum interest rate floors which are calculated based on LIBOR.

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Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES TWMH TWMH’s principal executive offices are located in leased office space at 520 Madison Avenue, 26 th Floor, New York, NY. TWMH also leases additional office space in San Francisco, CA, Aspen, CO, Wilmington, DE, Palm Beach, FL, Portland, OR, Dallas, TX, Seattle, WA, and Bethesda, MD. TWMH does not own any real property.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our corporate headquarters, which we lease, is located at 520 Madison Avenue, 26th Floor, New York, NY. Additionally we lease office space in Aspen, Bethesda, Dallas, Geneva, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Lisbon, London, Lugano, Miami, Milan, New York, Palm Beach, Paris, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle, Singapore, and Wilmington. The Company does not own any real estate.
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TWMH considers these facilities to be suitable and adequate for the management and operation of its businesses. TIG Entities TIG’s principal executive offices are located in leased office space at 520 Madison Avenue, 26 th Floor, New York, NY. TIG does not own any real property.
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We believe that our existing office space is sufficient for our current needs.
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TIG considers these facilities to be suitable and adequate for the management and operation of its businesses. Alvarium Alvarium’s principal executive offices are in leased office space at 10 Old Burlington Street, London W1S 3AG.
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Alvarium also leases additional office space in Auckland, Geneva, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Lisbon, Los Angeles, Lugano, Melbourne, Miami, Milan, New York, Paris, and Singapore. Alvarium does not own any real property. Alvarium considers these facilities to be suitable and adequate for the management and operation of our businesses.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS TWMH From time to time, TWMH may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits, and claims incidental to the conduct of its business, some of which may be material. TWMH’s businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against TWMH.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS From time to time, we may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits, and claims incidental to the conduct of its business, some of which may be material. Our businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us.
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To TWMH’s knowledge, there are no material legal or regulatory proceedings currently pending, or to its knowledge, threatened against TWMH. TIG Entities From time to time, TIG may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits, and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, some of which may be material.
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For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of AlTi Global, Inc. - Litigation” and Note 20 (Commitments and Contingencies). ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 74 PART II
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TIG’s businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against TIG.
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To TIG’s knowledge, TIG is not subject to any material pending regulatory or legal proceedings as at the date of this Annual Report. 84 Table of Contents Alvarium From time-to-time, Alvarium may be involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits, and claims incidental to the conduct of its business, some of which may be material in the future.
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As at the date of this Annual Report, Alvarium does not believe that any such claims, other than claims for which Alvarium’s potential liability is covered by insurance, are material.
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For additional information concerning such claims and potential liability, see “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Alvarium—Litigation .” As Alvarium’s businesses are also subject to extensive regulations, there is potential for regulatory proceedings to be brought against Alvarium from time to time. ITEM 4.
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MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 85 Table of Contents PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of the Board at such time. Our ability to declare dividends may also be limited by restrictive covenants pursuant to any debt financing agreements. ITEM 6. [RESERVED] 86 Table of Contents
The payment of any cash dividends will be within the discretion of the Board at such time. Our ability to declare dividends may also be limited by restrictive covenants pursuant to any debt financing agreements. ITEM 6. [RESERVED] 75
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Our Class A Common Stock and Warrants trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “ALTI,” and “ALTIW,” respectively, since January 4, 2023.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Our Class A Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ALTI” since January 4, 2023. Holders As of March 21, 2024, there were 367 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock.
Such numbers do not include beneficial owners holding our securities through nominee names. Dividends We have not paid any cash dividends to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition.
This does not include the number of stockholders that hold shares in “street name” through banks or broker-dealers. Dividends We have not paid any cash dividends to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition.
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Prior to that date, Cartesian’s Class A Common Stock and Public Warrants were listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “GLBL” and “GLBLW,” respectively. Holders As of April 14, 2023, there were 397 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock and 117 holders of record of our Warrants.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the notes thereto which are included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements.
The following discussion analyzes the financial condition and results of operations of AlTi and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated audited financial statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report.
As the warrants meet the definition of a derivative as contemplated in ASC 815-40, the warrants are recorded as derivative liabilities and measured at fair value at inception (on the date of the initial public offering) and at each reporting date in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” with changes in fair value recognized in the statements of operations in the period of change.
Since the AWMS earn-out liability meets the definition of a derivative, it is recorded at fair value as a derivative liability on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and measured at fair value at each reporting date in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement , with changes in fair value to be recognized in Gain (loss) on earn-out liability in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and in Fair value of earn-out liability in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the period of change.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS References in this section of the Annual Report to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Cartesian Growth Corporation, a Cayman Islands exempted company. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF ALTI GLOBAL, INC. In this section, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “AlTi,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are intended to mean the business and operations of AlTi and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Removed
Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report .
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Amounts and percentages presented throughout our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations may reflect rounded results in thousands (unless otherwise indicated) and consequently, totals may not appear to sum.
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Overview As of December 31, 2022, we were a blank check company incorporated on December 18, 2020 as a Cayman Islands exempted company, for the purpose of entering into a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, or reorganization or engaging in any other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
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Our Business We are a multi-disciplinary financial services business, with a diverse array of investment, advisory, and administrative capabilities with which we serve our clients and investors around the globe; and provide value to our shareholders.
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Recent Developments On January 3, 2023, we consummated our previously announced business combination with TWMH, the TIG Entities and Alvarium. In connection with the business combination, we were renamed “Alvarium Tiedemann Holdings, Inc.” and domesticated as a Delaware corporation.
Added
Our business is organized into two business segments: Wealth Management and Strategic Alternatives (formerly known as Asset Management): • we manage or advise approximately $71.4 billion in combined assets as of December 31, 2023; • in our Wealth Management segment, we provide holistic solutions for our wealth management clients through our full spectrum of wealth management services, including discretionary investment management services, non-discretionary investment advisory services, trust services, administration services, and family office services; • in our Strategic Alternatives segment, we assist our investors with alternative investments and co-investments by providing access to highly differentiated opportunities in these areas as well as structuring and selecting partners with a proven track record in alternative asset classes, with attractive risk adjusted return characteristics.
Removed
Results of Operations Our only activities through December 31, 2022 were organizational activities, those necessary to prepare for our initial public offering (described below) and, after our initial public offering, identifying a target company for an initial business combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of an initial business combination.
Added
Our business is global, with approximately 480 professionals operating in 21 cities in 10 countries across three continents as of December 31, 2023. These include approximately 80 individuals expected to depart and one country and city we expect to exit related to the pending sale of FOS and the sale of LRA, which became effective on March 5, 2024.
Removed
We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account established for the benefit of our public shareholders.
Added
See Note 3 (Business Combinations and Divestitures). The services that we provide form a complementary ecosystem for our target markets of clients, investors, and businesses, many of whom share common interests and goals that we are able to connect and serve.
Removed
We incur expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses in connection with searching for, and completing, an initial business combination.
Added
The complementary nature of our services and a differentiated suite of capabilities positions us well for organic growth across our business lines. Our strategy includes a focus on inorganic growth through acquisitions and investments in talented managers in exchange for a share of future revenues or profits.
Removed
For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had a net income of $8,779,014, which included an interest earned on cash and marketable securities held in trust account of $4,974,899, change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $12,562,468, and other income of $ 195,587, offset by a change in fair value of conversion option liability of $40,776, a loss from operations of $8,858,651, interest expense on debt discount of $32,145, and unrealized loss on treasury bills of $22,368.
Added
We also believe we are well positioned to capitalize on global market trends and dynamics that we see facing our world as well as the industry, clients, investors, and businesses we serve. Fee Structure Consistent with offering a diverse range of services, we generate a diverse range of revenue streams across our business lines.
Removed
For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had a net loss of $1,035,380, which included a loss from operations of $1,012,448, offering cost expense allocated to warrants of $868,131, an expense for the fair value in excess of cash received for private placement warrants of $3,097,200, offset by gain from the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $3,911,091 and interest earned on cash and marketable securities held in trust account of $31,308.
Added
A high-level summary of these revenue streams is set forth below. Broadly, our revenues fall into four categories: recurring management, advisory, or administration fees; performance or incentive fees; distribution from investments and other income or fees: • Management, advisory, and administration fees are historically more predictable across market conditions than our other revenue sources.
Removed
Liquidity and Capital Resources Until the consummation of the initial public offering, our only sources of liquidity were an initial subscription for 7,187,500 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Founder Shares”), by the Sponsor for an aggregate subscription price of $25,000 and loans from the Sponsor.
Added
These fees are recurring in nature (usually being annual or 76 quarterly fees) and are earned from both our wealth management division from investment management, investment advisory, trusts and administration, and family office services, and also from our fund management activities associated with our internally managed funds.
Removed
On February 26, 2021, we consummated the initial public offering of 34,500,000 units, at $10.00 per unit, which included the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 4,500,000 units, generating gross proceeds of $345,000,000.
Added
Added to the recurring nature of these fees, our high client retention rate in our wealth management services, and the long-term nature of our fund management fees, means that these fees are also relatively stable. • Incentive or performance fees are comprised of both carried interest payments we earn on co-investments and annual performance or incentive fees earned in some cases from our investment management and advisory or fund management services associated with our internally managed funds.
Removed
Simultaneously with the closing of the initial public offering, we consummated a private placement of an aggregate of 8,900,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per private placement warrant, generating gross proceeds of $8,900,000. 87 Table of Contents Following the initial public offering, including the full exercise of the over-allotment option and the private placement, a total of $345,000,000 was placed in the trust account.
Added
These fees, being performance related, are variable in nature and more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors.
Removed
We incurred $19,540,060 in transaction costs, including $6,900,000 of underwriting commissions $12,075,000 of deferred underwriting commissions and $565,060 of other offering costs. As of December 31, 2022, we had cash held in the trust account of $349,983,839. Through December 31, 2022, we did not withdraw any interest earned on the trust account to pay our taxes.
Added
As a result, performance and incentive fees provide potential upside to our revenues in the future and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability. • Distributions from investments are generated from the equity interests we have in the three external managers pursuant to which we are entitled to distributions based on the terms of the respective arrangements.
Removed
We used substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account (less income taxes payable), to complete our business combination and to pay our expenses relating thereto, including $7,800,000 (net of $4,275,000 forfeited deferred underwriting commissions) payable to Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. for deferred underwriting commissions upon consummation of our initial business combination.
Added
Distributions from each investment will be recorded upon receipt of the distribution. The Company receives distributions from its External Strategic Managers through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements that are generated through their management and incentive fees based on performance of the underlying investments.
Removed
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash of $85,540 held outside the trust account available for working capital needs and a working capital deficit of $7,919,107.
Added
The management component of the distributions is recurring in nature, while the incentive portion is more susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. • Other income or fees include transaction fees from our strategic advisory, corporate advisory, brokerage, and placement agency services.
Removed
Until the consummation of the business combination, we used the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete an initial business combination.
Added
Transaction fees are generally non-recurring in nature, are typically commission based, and are payable on the successful completion of a transaction. Transactions are also susceptible to impact from exogenous factors. However, as is the case with performance and incentive fees, transaction fees provide potential upside to our revenues and, in our view, can be highly accretive to our profitability.
Removed
On January 3, 2023, we consummated our business combination with TWMH, the TIG Entities and Alvarium and have raised sufficient capital to fund our operations, therefore substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern was alleviated. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Added
Wealth Management Fees Investment management or advisory fees are the primary source of revenue in our Wealth Management segment. These fees are generally calculated on the basis of a percentage of the value of each client’s assets (AUM or AUA) and are charged using either an average daily balance or ending balance, quarterly in arrears.
Removed
Contractual Obligations As of December 31, 2022, we did not have any long-term debt obligations, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities, other than an agreement to pay the Sponsor a monthly fee of $10,000 for office space, utilities, secretarial support and administrative services.
Added
AUA consists of all assets we are responsible for overseeing and reporting on, but we do not necessarily charge fees on all such assets. Billable assets represent the portion of our assets on which we charge fees.
Removed
We began incurring these fees on February 23, 2021 and continued to incur these fees monthly until the completion of our business combination on January 3, 2023. The underwriters of the initial public offering were entitled to a deferred underwriting commission of $0.35 per unit, or $12,075,000 in the aggregate.
Added
Non-billable assets are exempt of fees and consist of assets such as cash and cash equivalents in certain agreed upon situations, personally owned real estate, and other designated assets. The fees vary depending upon the level and complexity of client assets and the services being provided.
Removed
On November 14, 2022, the Company and the underwriter executed a deferred underwriting commission modification letter confirming the underwriter’s forfeiture collectively of $4,275,000 of the $12,075,000 of deferred underwriting commission that would otherwise be payable to it at the closing of the business combination.
Added
The fee typically covers the investment advisory services and basic estate and wealth planning services. The more complex estate and wealth planning services, as well as our Trustee service, and certain extended family office services, are typically billed separately, as a fixed or time-based amount.
Removed
As a result, we recognized $195,857 of other income and $4,079,413 was recorded to additional paid-in capital in relation to the forfeiture of a portion of underwriting fee commission in the accompanying financial statements. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the outstanding deferred underwriting fee payable were $7,800,000 and $12,075,000, respectively.
Added
Some clients in certain jurisdictions may also pay performance fees if their portfolio achieves returns in excess of an agreed benchmark or hurdle rate. Typically, such fees are paid annually upon crystallization and are not accrued prior to being earned.
Removed
On January 3, 2023, the outstanding deferred underwriting fee totaling $7,800,000 was paid in full (see Note 10).
Added
Strategic Alternatives F ees Fund Management Fees We earn management fees in our Strategic Alternatives segment through our alternatives platform (compensation for internal fund management and advisory services), public real estate fund management and private real estate recurring fees.
Removed
Critical Accounting Policies The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported.
Added
The management fees for the alternatives platform are approximately 0.75% to 1.5% of the net asset value of the funds’ underlying investments. 77 Incentive Fees TIG Arbitrage is entitled to receive incentive fees if certain performance returns have been achieved as stipulated in our governing documents.
Removed
Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Added
The incentive fees for TIG Arbitrage are calculated using 15% to 20% of the net profit/income. We recognize our incentive fees when it is no longer probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur. Our incentive fees are not subject to clawback provisions.
Removed
We have identified the following critical accounting policies. 88 Table of Contents Warrant Liabilities We account for Warrants (which are discussed in Note 3, Note 4 and Note 9 to the financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report) in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)Topic 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity”(ASC “815-40”), and concluded that a provision in the warrant agreement related to certain tender or exchange offers precludes the warrants from being accounted for as components of equity.
Added
Distributions from Investments Distributions from investments are earned through our profit or revenue sharing arrangements with the External Strategic Managers.
Removed
Offering Costs Associated with the Initial Public Offering We comply with the requirements of FASBASC 340-10-S99-1. Offering costs consisted of legal fees, accounting fees, underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the initial public offering that were directly related to the initial public offering.
Added
Our economic interests in the External Strategic Managers are as follows: • Real Estate Bridge Lending Strategy—20.92% profit share; • European Equities—25% revenue share; and • Asian Credit and Special Situations—12% revenue share Our distributions from investments from European equities and Asian credit and special situations are comprised of a management fee component and, depending on performance, an incentive fee component.
Removed
Offering costs are allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the initial public offering based on a relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs associated with warrant liabilities are expensed as incurred, presented as non-operating expenses in the statements of operations.
Added
Depending on the fund, the incentive fee component can range from 15% to 35% of the net profit/income, in excess of a 10% return hurdle. Co-investment As sponsor of private market direct and co-investment transactions, we generate income from debt and equity structures relating to specified real estate investments or investments in other alternative asset classes.
Removed
Offering costs associated with the Class A ordinary shares were charged to temporary equity upon the completion of the initial public offering.
Added
Private market fees include arrangement, retainer, management, advisory, performance, acquisition, promote and other associated fees as well as interest arbitrage for debt structures. Arrangement fees are typically 50 to 100 basis points of equity value contributed into a transaction.
Removed
Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption All of the 34,500,000 Class A ordinary shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Class A ordinary shares in connection with our liquidation, if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with an initial business combination and in connection with certain amendments to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
Added
Acquisition fees are typically payable where there are no agency fees or where there is an off-market transaction sourced by the team. Such acquisition fees are usually in the range of 50 to 100 basis points of the purchase price of the relevant acquisition.
Removed
In accordance with SEC and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC 480-10-S99, redemption provisions not solely within our control require ordinary shares subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity.
Added
The equity structures are typically medium to long-term (three to ten years) closed-ended structures with fees normally ranging between 50 and 175 basis points of the equity value committed or drawn. The debt structure terms are generally between 12 and 36 months.
Removed
Ordinary liquidation events, which involve the redemption and liquidation of all of the entity’s equity instruments, are excluded from the provisions of FASB ASC 480. Accordingly, at December 31, 2022 and 2021, all Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit section of our balance sheets.
Added
The investment adviser, general partner or other entity entitled to fees in respect of each of our co-investments receives such fees either monthly, quarterly, or annually. We may be entitled to a portion of the performance-related entitlements (such as carried interest or promote) that may be payable on exit from Co-investment transactions.
Removed
We recognize changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying value of redeemable ordinary shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable ordinary shares are affected by charges against additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit.
Added
Such revenues are only received if the investor hurdle (i.e. a minimum return to the investor) is reached and may include a catch-up. Carried interest entitlements are based on a percentage of the investor return above such hurdle and are set on a deal and fund basis.
Removed
Net (Loss) Income Per Ordinary Share We comply with the accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share,” pursuant to which net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.
Added
Typically, carried interest entitlements represent 10% to 20% of the investors’ equity internal rate of return in excess of an 8% to 15% hurdle, with no carried interest entitlement being payable if the hurdle is not met.
Removed
We have two classes of shares, Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Earnings and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of shares.
Added
In relation to our co-investments, a group company will typically have entered into an advisory or management agreement, or other arrangement, that entitles us to receive a share of base management fees (whether directly or through a joint venture entity) from the inception of the relevant investment or joint venture, through to exit and the liquidation of the relevant transaction vehicle, or as otherwise set out in an approved business plan.
Removed
We have not considered the effect of the 20,400,000 ordinary shares underlying the 11,500,000 warrants sold in the initial public offering and the 8,900,000 private placement warrants sold in the private placement, in the calculation of diluted (loss) income per share, since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events.
Added
Where we have established feeder vehicles for clients, there may also be administration and advisory fees associated with those vehicles (these are earned by our trusts and administration business). Real Estate Funds (Public and Private) We generate income from managing and advising real estate investment funds.
Removed
As a result, diluted net (loss) income per ordinary share is the same as basic net (loss) income per ordinary share for the periods presented. Our statements of operations apply the two-class method in calculating net (loss) income per share.
Added
Our fees from managing and advising these vehicles are contained in management and advisory contracts relating to the relevant fund and are typically calculated on a sliding scale of percentages of the asset value, market capitalization or the investor capital of the relevant fund as applicable. 78 Market Trends and Business Environment Our business is directly and indirectly affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions, particularly in the U.S. and to a lesser extent in Europe, and Asia.
Removed
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per Class A ordinary share and Class B ordinary share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income attributable to us by the weighted average number of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares outstanding, allocated proportionally to each class of shares. 89 Table of Contents Recent Accounting Standards Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.
Added
Our business is also sensitive to current and expected interest rates, as well as the currency markets. 2023 was a strong year for stocks and bonds despite the intra-year correction. The S&P 500 and the MSCI All Country World Index increased by 26.3% and 22.8% total return, respectively, in the year, representing the strongest year since 2019.
Added
Fixed income markets performed well as bond prices rose and yields fell. Despite significant fluctuations throughout the year, the 10-year U.S. Treasury bond yields ended the year at 3.9%, almost exactly where it started. The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index increased by 5.53% in 2023, while the Barclays Global Aggregate Index increased by 5.72% over the same time frame.
Added
The catalyst for the market rally into year-end was a broad easing of financial conditions and reversal of the factors which caused the S&P 500’s 10% intra-year correction, attributed to several factors including falling long term government bond yields, a function of the Treasury announcing a slower pace of longer-dated debt issuance, as well as a Federal Reserve guidance of to no more rate hikes and possibly three rate cuts in 2024, falling oil prices due to higher U.S. production which provided consumer relief through lower prices, as well as slowing inflation.
Added
Our fee-based revenue streams are driven by the value of clients’ portfolio holdings, in the case of our Wealth Management segment or the performance of our varied funds and direct investments in our Strategic Alternatives segment. The overall level of revenues in these businesses, however, does not correlate completely with changes in global equity and fixed income markets.
Added
In our Wealth Management segment, while our client portfolios are well diversified across a range of asset classes and thus are not solely impacted by changes in equities or government bonds, they benefited in the year from the strong performance in the equity and fixed income markets.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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Removed
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as wealth management advisor to our investment products and the sensitivity to movements in the market value of their investments, including the effect on management fees and investment income.
Added
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Under SEC rules and guidance, an issuer that no longer qualifies as a smaller reporting company at the determination date (the last day of the second fiscal quarter of such issuer) may continue to use the scaled disclosures permitted for a smaller reporting company through its annual report on Form 10-K and begin providing non-scaled larger company disclosure in the first Form 10-Q of the next fiscal year.
Removed
Even though the effects of COVID-19 on the financial markets has largely subsided and most countries have reduced or eliminated COVID-19-related restrictions, an increase in cases or the introduction of novel variants may continue to pose risks to financial markets.
Added
Although we are filing as an accelerated filer, we are allowed to continue reporting as a smaller reporting company in this Form 10-K. As such, we are not required to provide information under this Item. 96
Removed
For additional information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential impact on our business and our operating results, see “ Risk Factors ” in this Annual Report. Market Risk The market price of investments may significantly fluctuate during the period of investment, should their value decline, our fees may decline accordingly.
Removed
Investments may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets.
Removed
The value of an investment may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically related to such investment, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, or adverse investor sentiment generally.
Removed
It may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Our credit orientation has been a central tenet of our business across our investment strategies.
Removed
Our investment professionals benefit from our independent research and relationship networks and insights from our portfolio of active investments.
Removed
We believe the combination of high-quality proprietary pipeline and a consistent, rigorous approach to managing investments across our strategies has been, and we believe will continue to be, a major driver of our strong risk-adjusted returns and the financial stability and predictability of our income.
Removed
Certain parts of our business that are transaction-driven could be subject to higher volatility than wealth management business in response to a decline in general market conditions. Interest Rate Risk As of December 31, 2022, we had $26.6 million and $96.6 million of borrowings outstanding under the revolving facilities and term loan, respectively.
Removed
The revolving facilities included: • $15.5 million facility under TWMH at the rate of the Daily Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index rate (“BSBY”) plus 1.50% and an unused commitment fee is 0.15% per annum. • $15.7 million facility under Alvarium at the rate of the Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”), whereby the terms on debt drawn are 4.75% + SONIA.
Removed
The term loan borrowings included: • $5.8 million at TWMH which bears interest calculated based on a variable one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.50%, subject to a LIBOR floor.
Removed
We entered into an interest rate swap agreement in 2020, which converted the variable rate to a fixed rate of 2.60% on borrowings under the term loan. • $42.5 million at TIG Entities which bears interest calculated based on the LIBOR rate plus 4.00% plus an applicable margin with an unused commitment fee paid quarterly. • $48.3 million at Alvarium which are shareholder loans which bear interest at 25% and are repayable on the 7th January 2023.
Removed
For an increase to the underlying index rates related to the revolving facilities and term loan, we would be subject to such increased variable rate and would expect our interest expense to increase commensurately.
Removed
On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s FCA, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021, which was later extended to June 2023. Potential changes, or uncertainty related to such potential changes, may adversely affect the market for LIBOR-based securities or the cost of our borrowings.
Removed
Please see “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report for additional information. 90 Table of Contents Credit Risk We are party to agreements providing for various financial services and transactions that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties are unable to meet the terms of such agreements.
Removed
In such agreements, we depend on the counterparty to make payment or otherwise perform. We generally endeavor to minimize our risk of exposure by limiting to reputable financial institutions the counterparties with which we enter into financial transactions.
Removed
In other circumstances, availability of financing from financial institutions may be uncertain due to market events, and we may not be able to access these financing markets. We seek to mitigate this exposure by monitoring the credit standing of these financial institutions. ITEM 8.
Removed
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The financial statements and supplementary data are set forth in Item 15 of this Annual Report. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None.

Other ALTI 10-K year-over-year comparisons