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AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INCAPEIEarnings & Financial Report

Nasdaq · Consumer Discretionary · Services-Educational Services

Strategic Education, Inc. (SEI) is an education services holding company and is formerly known as Strayer Education, Inc. The company owns for-profit, online Capella University and Strayer University, as well as non-degree programs schools such as DevMountain, Hackbright Academy, and Sophia Learning.

What changed in AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC's 10-K — 2022 vs 2023

Top changes in AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC's 2023 10-K

1083 paragraphs added · 923 removed · 689 edited across 6 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

283 edited+169 added−63 removed262 unchanged
Our Market and Competition Market Characteristics The overall U.S. postsecondary education market is large, with approximately 4,500 institutions of higher learning, diverse in its business models, and fragmented such that no one institution has a significant market share.
Our Market and Competition 4 Market Characteristics The overall U.S. postsecondary education market is large, with approximately 4,500 institutions of higher learning, diverse in its business models, and fragmented such that no one institution has a significant market share.
Institutions Serving Military Students APUS has focused on serving the military community since its founding, and the community continues to be a primary source of APUS students. Approximately 2,500 institutions serve military students through participation in Department of Defense, or DoD, tuition assistance programs, or TA, including APUS.
Institutions Serving Military Students APUS has focused on serving the military community since its founding, and the community continues to be a primary source of APUS students. Approximately 2,500 institutions serve military students through participation in Department of Defense, or DoD, tuition assistance, or TA, programs, including APUS.
The remainder of APUS’s students are other military or military-affiliated professionals (such as reservists or National Guard members), public service professionals (such as law enforcement personnel or other first responders), and other non-military students (such as working adult students and military spouses).
The remainder of APUS’s students are other military or military-affiliated professionals (such as reservists or National Guard members), public service professionals (such as law enforcement personnel or other first responders), and other non-military students (such as working adult students and military spouses).
In October 2022, RU and Collegis mutually agreed to the termination of the marketing services contract effective January 31, 2023, and we have completed the transition of RU marketing in-house to our centralized marketing team. We are also developing marketing expertise that spans a variety of functional areas and to extend our use of marketing technology and analytics.
In October 2022, RU and Collegis mutually agreed to the termination of the marketing services contract effective January 31, 2023, and we have completed the transition of RU marketing to our in-house centralized marketing team. We are also developing marketing expertise that spans a variety of functional areas and to extend our use of marketing technology and analytics.
Selden served as Chief Executive Officer 18 and Executive Co-Chairman of Arise Virtual Solutions, Inc., a virtual workforce solutions outsourcer from January 2005 until August 2011. Earlier in her career, Ms. Selden spent 18 years at Accenture, including serving as the Managing Partner leading Accenture’s North American West Consumer and Industrial Products group to significant growth. Richard W.
Selden served as Chief Executive Officer and Executive Co-Chairman of Arise Virtual Solutions, Inc., a virtual workforce solutions outsourcer from January 2005 until 18 August 2011. Earlier in her career, Ms. Selden spent 18 years at Accenture, including serving as the Managing Partner leading Accenture’s North American West Consumer and Industrial Products group to significant growth. Richard W.
Our institutions must comply with certain campus safety and security reporting requirements as well as other requirements in the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act, or the Clery Act.
The Clery Act . Our institutions must comply with certain campus safety and security reporting requirements as well as other requirements in the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act, or the Clery Act.
Fernandes served at Ilumno, a company that partners with universities in Latin America to expand access to higher education throughout the region, as President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2019 to September 2022, Executive Vice President, Global Operations and Strategic Alliances from April 2018 to May 2019, Executive Vice President, Strategic Alliances from May 2017 to April 2018, Senior Vice President, Global Operations from September 2016 to May 2017, Chief Marketing and Operations Officer from September 2015 to September 2016, Senior Vice President Marketing, Enrollment and Student Services from January 2014 to September 2015 and Senior Vice President Marketing, Enrollment from January 2013 to January 2014.
Fernandes served at Ilumno, a company that partners with universities in Latin America to expand access to higher education throughout the region, as President and Chief Executive Officer from May 2019 to August 2022, Executive Vice President, Global Operations and Strategic Alliances from April 2018 to May 2019, Executive Vice President, Strategic Alliances from May 2017 to April 2018, Senior Vice President, Global Operations from September 2016 to May 2017, Chief Marketing and Operations Officer from September 2015 to September 2016, Senior Vice President Marketing, Enrollment and Student Services from January 2014 to September 2015 and Senior Vice President Marketing, Enrollment from January 2013 to January 2014.
Competitive factors include, among other things: • the quality of the academic program and alignment to high growth jobs; • affordability; • breadth of degree offerings; • flexibility in delivery models; • frequency of course or program starts; 4 • faculty experience; • level of support for student success; • career counseling and placement services; • reputation; • effectiveness in attracting college-ready students; and • compliance track record.
Competitive factors include, among other things: • the quality of the academic program and alignment to high growth jobs; • affordability; • breadth of degree offerings; • flexibility in delivery models; • frequency of course or program starts; • faculty experience; • level of support for student success; • career counseling and placement services; • reputation; • effectiveness in attracting college-ready students; and • compliance track record.
We also believe we may distinguish ourselves from our competitors by developing direct partnerships with healthcare providers as they become more involved in educating and training their future workforces, of which nurses are the largest segment. 6 Career Learning U.S. employers are increasingly reporting significant gaps between required skills and the capabilities of their workforce.
We also believe we may distinguish ourselves from our competitors by developing direct partnerships with healthcare providers as they become more involved in educating and training their future workforces, of which nurses are the largest segment. Career Learning U.S. employers are increasingly reporting significant gaps between required skills and the capabilities of their workforce.
Due to an increase in online postsecondary offerings, we could face increased competition as students pursue degree and credential-based postsecondary education from a wider selection of online offerings. For example, we anticipate increased competition from campus-based postsecondary institutions as they continue to increase online degree programs and develop more non-traditional programs. Most public institutions are aided by substantial government subsidies.
Due to an increase in online postsecondary offerings, we face increased competition as students pursue degree and credential-based postsecondary education from a wider selection of online offerings. For example, we anticipate increased competition from campus-based postsecondary institutions as they continue to increase online degree programs and develop more non-traditional programs. Most public institutions are aided by substantial government subsidies.
New laws, regulations, or interpretations, including with respect to whether our institutions’ activities constitute a physical presence or otherwise may require authorization or licensure, could increase our cost of doing business and affect our ability to recruit students in particular states, which could negatively affect enrollments and revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business.
New laws, regulations, or 23 interpretations, including with respect to whether our institutions’ activities constitute a physical presence or otherwise may require authorization or licensure, could increase our cost of doing business and affect our ability to recruit students in particular states, which could negatively affect enrollments and revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business.
At the beginning of its 123-year history, RU focused on educating business students to prepare them for practical careers in bookkeeping, secretarial services, and accounting. RU’s foundation of education that transforms lives created an inclusive institution built to serve those not typically served by traditional higher education.
At the beginning of its 123-year history, RU focused on educating business students to prepare them for practical careers in bookkeeping, secretarial services, and accounting. RU’s foundation of education that transforms lives created an institution built to serve those not typically served by traditional higher education.
More than 1,800 distinct courses are available in either eight- or sixteen-week formats. Most APUS academic terms begin on the first Monday of each month. APUS’ certificate programs generally require a minimum of 18 credit hours and focus on a particular component of a broader degree program.
More than 1,800 distinct courses are available in either eight- or sixteen-week formats. Most APUS academic terms begin on the first Monday of each 10 month. APUS’ certificate programs generally require a minimum of 18 credit hours and focus on a particular component of a broader degree program.
Department of Defense Funding A series of automatic federal budget cuts, known as sequestration, have impacted certain federal student aid programs since fiscal year 2013 and have been extended through fiscal year 2030. As a result of uncertainty about the availability of funding, several military branches initially suspended and later announced changes to their TA programs.
Department of Defense Funding A series of automatic federal budget cuts, known as sequestration, have impacted certain federal student aid programs since fiscal year 2013 and have been extended through fiscal year 2030. As a result of uncertainty about the availability of 37 funding, several military branches initially suspended and later announced changes to their TA programs.
PAD is designed to enable APUS to provide each student with individualized support at appropriate times from pre-enrollment through and beyond graduation, including student advising, administrative support, and community networking. We continually evaluate PAD for possible changes and upgrades and anticipate that we will eventually make significant changes to or replace this system.
PAD is designed to enable APUS to provide each student with individualized support at appropriate times from pre-enrollment through and beyond graduation, including student advising, administrative support, and community networking. We continually evaluate PAD for changes and upgrades and anticipate that we will eventually make significant changes to or replace this system.
If ED approves the application, it issues a provisional certification, which extends for a period expiring not later than the end of the third complete award year following the date of provisional certification. When a change in ownership and control occurs, ED applies certain financial tests to determine the financial responsibility of the institution under the new ownership.
If ED approves the application, it issues a provisional certification, which extends for a period expiring not later than the end of the third complete award year following the date of provisional certification. 42 When a change in ownership and control occurs, ED applies certain financial tests to determine the financial responsibility of the institution under the new ownership.
Information on or available through our website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, and any reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. 20 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT We and our institutions are regulated by (i) accrediting agencies, (ii) state regulatory bodies, and (iii) the federal government through ED.
Information on or available through our website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, and any reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT We and our institutions are regulated by (i) accrediting agencies, (ii) state regulatory bodies, and (iii) the federal government through ED.
The 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations identify certain conditions or other triggering events that have or may have an adverse material effect on the institution’s financial condition, in response to which ED would or could require that the institution submit some form of financial protection, such as a letter of credit, to ED.
The 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations identify 30 certain conditions or other triggering events that have or may have an adverse material effect on the institution’s financial condition, in response to which ED would or could require that the institution submit some form of financial protection, such as a letter of credit, to ED.
Accordingly, the loss of our eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, or a reduction in the amount of available federal 37 student financial aid, would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations even if we could arrange or provide alternative sources of revenue or student financial aid.
Accordingly, the loss of our eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, or a reduction in the amount of available federal student financial aid, would be expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations even if we could arrange or provide alternative sources of revenue or student financial aid.
Alternatively, ABHES may in its discretion provide an opportunity for a program that is not meeting ABHES’ outcomes thresholds to come into compliance within a period 21 of time specified by ABHES, and ABHES may extend the period for achieving compliance if a program demonstrates improvement over time or other good cause.
Alternatively, ABHES may in its discretion provide an opportunity for a program that is not meeting ABHES’ outcomes thresholds to come into compliance within a period of time specified by ABHES, and ABHES may extend the period for achieving compliance if a program demonstrates improvement over time or for other good cause.
Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements Our students finance their education through a combination of Title IV programs, TA, education benefits administered by the VA, private loans, corporate reimbursement programs, individual resources, and institutional grants, and in the case of RU and HCN, an extended payment plan option.
Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements Our students finance their education through a combination of Title IV programs, TA, education benefits administered by the VA, private loans, corporate reimbursement programs, individual resources, and institutional grants, and in the case of HCN, an extended payment plan option.
Subsequently, the REMOTE Act delayed the effective date of the Isakson Roe Act’s Section 1018 requirements to August 1, 2022, and institutions were permitted to seek a one-academic-year waiver of that deadline beginning June 15, 2022. RU did not seek a waiver of the August 1, 2021 compliance deadline and believes it satisfied Section 1018 requirements by that deadline.
Subsequently, the REMOTE Act delayed the effective date of the Isakson Roe Act’s Section 1018 requirements to August 1, 2022, and institutions were permitted to seek a one-academic-year waiver of that deadline beginning June 15, 2022. RU did not seek a waiver of the August 1, 2021 compliance deadline, and it satisfied Section 1018 requirements by that deadline.
Our Opportunities and Strengths Our Opportunities Active-Duty Military and Veterans The U.S. military community will continue to be an important market segment for online education. We believe service members will continue to seek respected universities that provide military-focused support services coupled with an online curriculum and flexible scheduling.
Our Opportunities and Strengths Our Opportunities Active-Duty Military and Veterans The U.S. military community will continue to be an important market segment for online education. We believe service members will continue to seek respected universities that provide military-focused support services coupled with an 6 online curriculum and flexible scheduling.
We are also continuing to focus on growing our post-licensure programs, for which the competitive environment is less fragmented and has larger competitors, including because RN to BSN and other post-licensure degrees are available online, as well as in traditional campus-based environments.
We are also continuing to focus on growing our post-licensure nursing programs, for which the competitive environment is less fragmented and has larger competitors, including because RN to BSN and other post-licensure degrees are available online as well as in traditional campus-based environments.
In April 2022, we notified Collegis that we intend to permit RU’s contract with Collegis to expire by its terms in September 2024. We plan to insource all of the technology and services currently provided by Collegis or to cloud services or third-party vendors over which we will have management oversight.
In April 2022, we notified Collegis that we intend to permit RU’s contract with Collegis to expire by its terms in September 2024. We plan to insource all the technology and services currently provided by Collegis to cloud services or third-party vendors over which we will have management oversight.
Department of Education The federal government provides support for postsecondary education through the Title IV programs in the form of grants and loans to eligible students who can use those funds to enroll in an eligible educational program at any institution that has been certified by ED.
The federal government provides support for postsecondary education through the Title IV programs in the form of grants and loans to eligible students who can use those funds to enroll in an eligible educational program at any institution that has been certified by ED.
Service members who were already enrolled in one of our programs before arriving at an overseas location may continue to receive TA for the in-progress program, but they will be encouraged to enroll in courses provided by institutions that provide programs at the applicable overseas duty location.
Service members who were already enrolled in one of our programs before arriving at an overseas location may continue to receive TA for the in-progress program, but they will be encouraged to enroll in courses provided by institutions that provide programs at the applicable overseas location.
GSUSA provides contract training to more than 100 federal government agency customers and through direct enrollment by federal, state, and municipal government employees, contractors, and non-government employees. GSUSA provides career learning both in-person at its headquarters facility in Washington, D.C. and at customer sites, as well as online.
GSUSA provides contract training to more than 100 federal government agency customers and through direct enrollment by federal, state, and municipal government employees, contractors, and non-government employees. GSUSA provides career learning online as well as in-person at its headquarters facility in Washington, D.C. and at government and customer sites.
At RU and HCN, all nursing faculty have earned a BSN or higher. Many APUS faculty members have relevant experience at other universities and within military, corporate, and government 17 institutions. In addition to having the necessary educational requirements, RU and HCN seek faculty members who have demonstrated experience in the field of nursing.
Many APUS faculty members have relevant experience at other universities and within military, corporate, and government institutions. At RU and HCN, all nursing faculty have earned a BSN or higher. In addition to having the necessary educational requirements, RU and HCN seek faculty members who have demonstrated experience in the field of nursing.
New laws, regulations, interpretations, or changed circumstances related to our institutions’ educational programs could increase our cost of doing business and affect our ability to recruit students and offer programs in particular states, which could, in turn, adversely affect our institutions’ enrollments and revenue and have a material effect on our business.
New laws, regulations, interpretations, or changed circumstances related to our institutions’ educational programs could increase our cost of doing business and affect our ability to recruit students and offer programs in particular states, which could, in turn, adversely affect 26 our institutions’ enrollments and revenue and have a material effect on our business.
In addition, as described in “Our Institutions and Operations – Human Capital” below, our institutions focus on excellence by hiring experienced faculty and continuing to develop their capabilities. Providing affordable degree and certificate programs is an important element of our competitive strategy.
In addition, as described in “Our Institutions and Operations – Human Capital” below, our institutions focus on excellence by hiring experienced faculty and continuing to develop their capabilities. Providing affordable, quality degree and certificate programs is an important element of our competitive strategy.
Incentive Payment Rule. An institution participating in Title IV programs may not provide any commission, bonus or other incentive payment to any person or entity engaged in any student recruitment, admissions, or financial aid awarding activity based directly or indirectly on success in securing enrollments or federal student financial aid.
An institution participating in Title IV programs may not provide any commission, bonus or other incentive payment to any person or entity engaged in any student recruitment, admissions, or financial aid awarding activity based directly or indirectly on success in securing enrollments or federal student financial aid.
The program review required RU to do a review in connection with the federal work study finding, prepare policies and procedures, return small amounts of funds to two students, provide training, and take other actions in connection with the findings, and to provide a response, which RU timely provided.
The program review required RU to do a review in connection with the federal work study finding, prepare policies 40 and procedures, return small amounts of funds to two students, provide training, and take other actions in connection with the findings, and to provide a response, which RU timely provided.
If any third-party servicer engaged by one of our institutions does not comply with 29 applicable statutes and regulations, our institution may be liable for its actions, and our institution could lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs.
If any third-party servicer engaged by one of our institutions does not comply with applicable statutes and regulations, our institution may be liable for its actions, and our institution could lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV programs.
Undergraduate students and all active-duty military students and their spouses and dependents enrolled in courses for academic credit at APUS receive textbooks and certain course materials at no additional cost to them through an APUS-funded institutional book-grant program.
Active-duty military undergraduate students and their spouses and dependents enrolled in courses for academic credit at APUS receive textbooks and certain course materials at no additional cost to them through an APUS-funded institutional book-grant program.
Our institutions own all course syllabi and course and instructional materials developed by their faculty and employees and, as such, these course materials may be used by our institutions in current and future courses as needed to facilitate instruction and may be modified by our institutions to meet evolving course or curriculum requirements.
Our institutions own or license all course syllabi and course and instructional materials developed by their faculty and employees and, as such, these course materials may be used by our institutions in current and future courses as needed to facilitate instruction and may be modified by our institutions to meet evolving course or curriculum requirements.
Non-Traditional Competition We also face competition from competing schools and others providing non-traditional education programs, often without charge or at low costs, including: • institutions offering competency-based education, or CBE, programs and single course or course packages aimed at credentialing outcomes rather than degree outcomes; 5 • corporate training and other companies partnering with universities or the federal government to offer alternative educational paths for students and the federal government workforce, respectively; • entities providing coding bootcamps or micro-credentials; and • non-degree granting institutions such as massive online course, or MOOC, providers.
Non-Traditional Competition We also face competition from competing schools and others providing non-traditional education programs, often without charge or at low costs, including: • institutions offering competency-based education, or CBE, programs and single course or course packages aimed at credentialing outcomes rather than degree outcomes; • corporate training and other companies partnering with universities or the federal government to offer alternative educational paths for students and the federal government workforce, respectively; • entities providing coding bootcamps or micro-credentials; and • non-degree granting institutions such as massive online course providers.
Among other standards and requirements, programmatic accreditors may utilize benchmarks for student outcomes in the programs they accredit and may require the institution to address outcomes that fail to satisfy those benchmarks or may take other action based on such matters.
Among other standards and requirements, programmatic accreditors may utilize benchmarks for 22 student outcomes in the programs they accredit and may require the institution to address outcomes that fail to satisfy those benchmarks or may take other action based on such matters.
In September 2019, ED published the 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations, which, among other things, modify the BDTR for Direct Loans made on or after July 1, 2020, the limitation periods for such claims, and the processes for resolution of such claims.
In September 2019, ED published the 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations, which, among other things, modify the standard for BDTR of Direct Loans made on or after July 1, 2020, the limitation periods for such claims, and the processes for resolution of such claims.
Our Ongoing Technology Transformation We are in the midst a multi-year technology transformation program to enable us to enhance the learning experience for students, to better accommodate new flexible learning modalities, and to improve the operational effectiveness of our enterprise.
Our Ongoing Technology Transition We are in the midst of a multi-year technology transformation program to enable us to enhance the learning experience for students, better accommodate new flexible learning modalities, and improve the operational effectiveness of our enterprise.
APUS also utilizes open access and online library materials where appropriate and works with various publishers to reduce the cost of textbooks and course materials for both graduate students who pay for textbooks and course materials and for APUS who funds the book grant.
APUS also utilizes open access and online library materials where appropriate and works with various publishers to reduce the cost of textbooks and course materials for both graduate students who pay for textbooks and course materials and for APUS, which funds the book grant.
The institution must return to the appropriate Title IV programs, in a specified order, the lesser of (i) the unearned Title IV program funds or (ii) the institutional charges incurred by the student for the period multiplied by the percentage of unearned Title IV program funds.
The institution must return to the appropriate Title IV programs, in a specified order, the lesser of (i) the unearned Title IV program funds or (ii) the institutional charges incurred by the student for the period multiplied by the percentage of unearned Title IV program 33 funds.
In September 2021, APUS and HCN received waivers for the requirements of Section 1018 for the period August 1, 2021 through July 31, 2022. APUS and HCN did not seek additional waiver extensions and believe they satisfied Section 1018 requirements by July 31, 2022.
In September 2021, APUS and HCN received waivers for the requirements of Section 1018 for the period August 1, 2021 through July 31, 2022. APUS and HCN did not seek additional waiver extensions, and they satisfied Section 1018 requirements by July 31, 2022.
APUS has broadened its focus to include other military communities, veterans, and public service and public service-minded communities, with a focus on educating those who serve, and has two components: AMU, which is focused on educating students from the military, national security, military-affiliated and service communities, like police, firefighters, emergency personnel, and government employees, and American Public University, or APU, which is focused on educating career-focused working adults with an emphasis on educating professionals working in service-related communities, including nursing, public health, public administration, and business administration.
Since then, APUS has broadened its focus to include other military communities, veterans, and public service and public service-minded communities, with a focus on educating those who serve, and has two components: AMU, which is focused on educating students from the military, national security, military-affiliated and service communities, like police, firefighters, emergency personnel, and government employees, and American Public University, or APU, which is focused on educating career-focused working adults with an emphasis on educating professionals working in service-related communities, including nursing, public health, public administration, and business administration.
Our technology environment is managed internally and through a third-party managed service provider. Student access to our systems is provided through redundant data carriers. RU’s network is fully redundant through a software-defined wide area 15 network infrastructure.
Our technology environment is managed internally and through a third-party managed service provider. Student access to our systems is provided through redundant data carriers. RU’s network is fully redundant through a software-defined wide area network infrastructure.
In February 2021, ABHES granted HCN continued accreditation through February 2027 for all programs at all campuses. ABHES annually reviews student achievement indicators, including retention rate, placement rate, and licensing and credentialing examination pass rate.
In February 2021, ABHES granted HCN continued accreditation through February 2027 for all programs at all campuses. 21 ABHES annually reviews student achievement indicators, including retention rate, placement rate, and licensing and credentialing examination pass rate.
For example, the Pell Grant program could be subject to cuts or changes in the future, and cuts in ED’s administrative budget could lead to delays in student eligibility determinations and delays in origination and processing of federal student loans.
For example, the Pell Grant program could be subject to cuts or 27 changes in the future, and cuts in ED’s administrative budget could lead to delays in student eligibility determinations and delays in origination and processing of federal student loans.
Consumer Protection Consumer Financial Protection Bureau The CFPB has pursued enforcement actions against certain for-profit institutions of higher education and has released several reports that directly address issues related to institutions of higher education.
Consumer Protection Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 39 The CFPB has pursued enforcement actions against certain for-profit institutions of higher education and has released several reports that directly address issues related to institutions of higher education.
Participation in federal student aid programs, including those administered by the DoD and VA, and the extended payment plan option at RU and HCN, adds to the regulation of our operations.
Participation in federal student aid programs, including those administered by the DoD and VA, and the extended payment plan option at HCN, adds to the regulation of our operations.
Upon the closing of the Rasmussen Acquisition, APEI was required to fund this letter of credit using a restricted deposit account that required a deposit of 105%, or $24.2 million, to secure the RU letter of credit.
Upon the closing of the Rasmussen Acquisition, RU was required to fund this letter of credit using a restricted deposit account that required a deposit of 105%, or $24.2 million, to secure the RU letter of credit.
The 2016 Borrower Defense Regulations continue to apply to all Direct Loans made on or after July 1, 2017 and before July 1, 2020, with certain exceptions pursuant to the 2019 Borrower Defense 30 Regulations.
The 2016 Borrower Defense Regulations continue to apply to all Direct Loans made on or after July 1, 2017 and before July 1, 2020, with certain exceptions pursuant to the 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations.
If RU and HCN are unable to improve NCLEX scores over time, and in some cases by the deadlines imposed on their programs at certain campuses and in certain states as discussed above, this situation could have an adverse impact on their ability to enroll students and eventually our ability to continue offering the ADN programs associated with the applicable campuses.
If RU and HCN are unable to improve NCLEX scores over time, and in some cases by the deadlines imposed on their programs at certain campuses and in certain states as discussed above, this situation could have an adverse impact on their ability to enroll students and eventually our ability to continue offering the ADN programs at the applicable campuses.
The postsecondary education regulatory environment is complex and continues to evolve. Changes in or new interpretations of law, regulations, standards, and policies could have material consequences for our institutions’ accreditation, authorization to operate in various states, permissible activities, receipt of funds under student financial assistance programs, and costs of doing business.
The postsecondary education regulatory environment is complex and continues to evolve. Changes in or new interpretations of law, regulations, standards, and policies could have material consequences for our institutions’ accreditation, authorization to operate in various states, permissible activities, receipt of funds under student financial assistance programs, and cost of doing business.
Employee Engagement and Relations We measure employee engagement, including faculty, on an ongoing basis by soliciting feedback, including a company-wide engagement survey for all employees in 2022, in order to understand the views of our employees. The results from engagement surveys are used to implement programs and processes designed to enhance employee engagement and improve the employee and faculty experience.
Employee Engagement and Relations We measure employee engagement, including faculty, on an ongoing basis by soliciting feedback, including a company-wide annual employee engagement survey for all employees, in order to understand the views of our employees. The results from engagement surveys are used to implement programs and processes designed to enhance employee engagement and improve the employee and faculty experience.
Regulations, standards, and policies of these agencies address the vast majority of our operations, including our educational programs, facilities, instructional and administrative staff, administrative procedures, marketing, recruiting, and financial operations and condition . We are also regulated in some cases other federal agencies including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, and Federal Trade Commission, or FTC.
Regulations, 20 standards, and policies of these agencies address the vast majority of our operations, including our educational programs, facilities, instructional and administrative staff, administrative procedures, marketing, recruiting, and financial operations and condition. We are also regulated in some cases by other federal agencies including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, and Federal Trade Commission, or FTC.
In addition, we believe we are one of the only educators with a full “ladder” of nursing curriculum from PN to Doctoral degree. Our Business Strategy and Goals Win with Service-Minded Students At our core is a recognition of the importance of individuals who serve the country and society at large.
In addition, we believe we are one of the only educators with a full “ladder” of nursing curriculum from PN to Doctoral degrees. Our Business Strategy and Goals Win with Service-Minded Students At our core is a recognition of the importance of individuals who serve the country and society at large.
APUS participates in TA, and for students in APUS undergraduate, and beginning January 2020, for students in APUS master’s programs, APUS provided grants so that APUS tuition rates per credit hour can be 100% covered by TA provided that the student does not exceed the annual limits per student. RU and HCN also participate in TA.
APUS participates in TA, and for students in APUS undergraduate, and beginning January 2020, for students in APUS master’s programs, APUS provided grants so that APUS tuition rates per credit hour can be 100% covered by TA provided that the student does not exceed their annual funding limits per student. RU and HCN also participate in TA.
Provisionally certified institutions of higher education such as ours, and institutions on HCM1 like RU, must seek prior approval from ED to offer new academic programs eligible for Title IV program funds and to open new locations at which Title IV program funds will be disbursed.
Provisionally certified institutions of higher education such as APUS and RU, and institutions on HCM1 like RU, must seek prior approval from ED to offer new academic programs eligible for Title IV program funds and to open new locations at which Title IV program funds will be disbursed.
In September 2021, ACEN granted RU’s ADN program in Bloomington, Minnesota continued accreditation with conditions, and in September 2022, ACEN granted RU’s ADN and PN programs in Moorhead, Minnesota and RU’s ADN program in Overland Park, Kansas continued accreditation with conditions, in each case because the program experienced first-time NCLEX pass rates below ACEN’s required threshold.
In September 2022, ACEN granted RU’s ADN and PN programs in Moorhead, Minnesota and RU’s ADN program in Overland Park, Kansas continued accreditation with conditions, in each case because the program experienced first-time NCLEX pass rates below ACEN’s required threshold.
If one of our institutions were to lose its ability to participate in Title IV programs in connection with “home” state authorization requirements, it would also lose its ability to participate in TA and VA, be unable to operate in the state and grant credentials, and lose institutional accreditation.
If one of our institutions were to lose its ability to participate in Title IV programs in connection with home state authorization requirements, it would also lose its ability to participate in TA and VA, be unable to operate in the state, grant credentials, and lose institutional accreditation.
The extended payment plans are designed to assist students with educational costs including tuition and fees. Payment plans require ongoing payments while the student is enrolled in a program and extend after the last day of attendance or graduation.
The extended payment plan is designed to assist students with educational costs including tuition and fees. Payment plans require ongoing payments while the student is enrolled in a program and extend after the last day of attendance or graduation.
Nursing RU offers a comprehensive “ladder” of nursing degrees including a pre-licensure Diploma in PN, an ADN, and a BSN, as well as the post-licensure RN to BSN, Master of Science in Nursing and Doctorate of Nurse Practice. In addition, RU also offers a post-graduate nursing certificate.
Nursing RU offers a comprehensive “ladder” of nursing degrees, including a pre-licensure Diploma in PN, ADN degree, and a BSN degree, as well as the post-licensure RN to BSN degree, Master of Science in Nursing degree and Doctorate of Nurse Practice. In addition, RU also offers a post-graduate nursing certificate.
ED confirmed that the 90/10 Rule would no longer permit institutions to count federal aid for veterans and service members as part of the “10%” side of the ratio. As a result, effective January 1, 2023, TA and VA benefits are included in the “90%” side of the ratio, and our institutions’ 90/10 Rule percentages will increase, particularly at APUS.
ED confirmed that the 90/10 Rule would no longer permit institutions to count federal aid for veterans and service members as part of the “10%” side of the ratio. As a result, effective January 1, 2023, TA and VA benefits are included in the “90%” side of the ratio, and our institutions’ 90/10 Rule percentages increased, particularly at APUS.
Types of Title IV Financial Aid Programs . Title IV program aid is primarily awarded to students on the basis of financial need, generally defined as the difference between the cost of attending an institution and the amount a student can reasonably contribute.
Title IV program aid is primarily awarded to students on the basis of financial need, generally defined as the difference between the cost of attending an institution and the amount a student can reasonably contribute.
DoD requires educational institutions to meet certain criteria, including generally having at least 20 students on base, and to request access in writing that outlines among other things the specific purpose of the visit, in order to access installations solely to provide counseling, and the Air Force expressly prohibits education institutions from holding regular or recurring office hours on installations solely to provide counseling.
DoD requires educational institutions to meet certain criteria, including generally having at least 20 students on base, and to request access in writing that outlines among other things the specific purpose of the visit, in order to access installations solely to provide counseling, and generally prohibits education institutions from holding regular or recurring office hours on installations solely to provide counseling.
ED’s regulations require institutions to report and, in certain cases (such as when an institution is provisionally certified such as ours), to seek approval for a new additional campus location at which at least 50% of a program will be offered if the institution wants to disburse Title IV program funds to students enrolled at that location.
ED’s regulations require institutions to report and, in certain cases (such as when an institution is provisionally certified such as APUS and RU), to seek approval for a new additional campus location at which at least 50% of a program will be offered if the institution wants to disburse Title IV program funds to students enrolled at that location.
Community Impact We intend for our Inclusion and Impact Council to lead efforts to ensure that we positively impact the communities in which our employees work and live, including by organizing volunteer opportunities. Beginning in 2023, we are providing full-time employees, faculty, and staff with eight hours of additional paid time off for volunteering and giving back to society.
Community Impact We intend for our Inclusion and Impact Council to lead efforts to ensure that we positively impact the communities in which our employees work and live, including by organizing volunteer opportunities. Beginning in 2023, we provided full-time employees, faculty, and staff with eight hours of additional paid time off for volunteering and giving back to society.
As of September 30, 2020, prior to the Rasmussen Acquisition, RU had a composite score equal to 1.4. RU elected to post a letter of credit with ED totaling $23.1 million, which represents 10% of the Title IV program funds received by RU during its most recently completed fiscal year.
As of September 30, 2020, prior to the Rasmussen Acquisition, RU had a composite score equal to 1.4. RU elected to post a letter of credit with ED totaling $23.1 million, which represented 10% of the Title IV program funds received by RU during its then most recently completed fiscal year.
Finally, we are one of the largest providers of training to the federal and public employee workforces through GSUSA with its extensive portfolio of government agency customers and directly enrolled federal government employees. Expansive Nursing Footprint Our institutions train nurses online and at 30 campuses across nine states and also offer online programs.
Finally, we are one of the largest providers of training to the federal and public employee workforces through GSUSA with its extensive portfolio of government agency customers and directly enrolled federal government employees. Expansive Nursing Footprint Our institutions train nurses at 30 campuses across nine states and online.
The 2022 Borrower Defense Regulations indicate that ED will hold colleges accountable for the cost of discharges, including by establishing a recoupment process separate from the approval of BDTR claims and making a recoupment determination based on the standards in place at the time the loan was first disbursed. Closed School Loan Discharge.
The 2022 Borrower Defense Regulations indicate that ED will hold colleges accountable for the cost of discharges, including by establishing a recoupment process separate from the approval of BDTR claims and making a recoupment determination based on the standards in place at the time the loan was first disbursed.
HCN offers on-campus instruction leading to a Diploma in PN and an ADN, as well as a Direct Entry ADN option that offers an accelerated graduation pathway for students who meet certain transfer, academic and entrance exam requirements. Portions of the programs are taught online.
HCN offers on-campus instruction leading to a Diploma in PN and an ADN degree, as well as a Direct Entry ADN degree option that offers an accelerated graduation pathway for students who meet certain transfer, academic and entrance exam requirements. Portions of these programs are taught online.
Since its founding, APUS has broadened its focus to include other military communities, veterans, and public service and service-minded communities, with a focus on a broad purpose of “educating those who serve.” As of December 31, 2022, approximately 65% of APUS’s students self-reported that they served in the military on active-duty at the time of initial enrollment, and approximately 11% of APUS’s students self-reported that they are a military veteran.
Since its founding, APUS has broadened its focus to include other military communities, veterans, and public service and service-minded communities, with a focus on a broad purpose of “educating those who serve.” As of December 31, 2023, approximately 66% of APUS’s students self-reported that they served in the military on active duty at the time of initial enrollment, and approximately 11% of APUS’s students self-reported that they are a military veteran.
An institution that through the ICP is found noncompliant with DoD requirements and demonstrates an unwillingness to resolve a finding may be subject to a range of penalties from a written warning to termination of the institution’s participation in TA . APUS has previously been subject to ICP reviews.
An institution that, through the ICP, is found noncompliant with DoD requirements and demonstrates an unwillingness to resolve a finding may be subject to a range of penalties from a written warning to termination of the institution’s participation in TA. APUS and RS have previously been subject to ICP reviews.
In September 2019, ED published amendments to its financial responsibility standards that took effect July 1, 2020. We refer to these regulations as the 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations.
In September 2019, ED published modifications to its financial responsibility standards that took effect July 1, 2020. We refer to these regulations as the 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations.
RU offers more than 800 distinct courses in 5.5 or 11-week formats with terms beginning in January, April, July, and October of each year.
RU offers more than 775 distinct courses in 5.5 or 11-week formats with terms beginning in January, April, July, and October of each year.
As these policies and campaigns lower barriers to non-military jobs and facilitate veteran-owned businesses, we believe online universities offer valuable educational opportunities for veterans regardless of where they live, work, or learn. Nursing The expanding need for healthcare coupled with a nursing shortage is driving significant demand for nursing education.
As these policies and campaigns lower barriers to non-military jobs and facilitate veteran-owned businesses, we believe online universities offer valuable educational opportunities for veterans regardless of where they live, work, or learn. Nursing The expanding need for healthcare coupled with a nursing shortage continues to drive significant demand for nursing education.
APUS also utilizes Industry Advisory Councils to evaluate its current curriculum and determine the career relevance of programs and degrees, which facilitate efforts to connect APUS’s curriculum to the industries and the students it serves and to deliver a high-quality academic product.
For example, APUS utilizes Industry Advisory Councils to evaluate its current curriculum and determine the career relevance of programs and degrees, which facilitate efforts to connect APUS’s curriculum to the industries and the students it serves and to deliver a high-quality academic product.
We or our institutions have secured or claim rights to trademarks for various names and terms used in our and their respective businesses, including rights in “American Public Education, Inc.,” “American Public University System,” “American Military University,” “American Public University,” “Rasmussen University” and others.
We or our institutions have secured or claim rights to trademarks for various names and terms used in our and their respective businesses, including rights in “American Public Education, Inc.,” “American Public University System,” “American Military University,” “American Public University,” “Graduate School USA”, “Rasmussen University”, and others.
If after two years the pass rate does not satisfy the required standard, the program will be reevaluated by the IDFPR for a determination as to whether the program will be allowed to continue on probation or whether it should be disapproved.
The requirement provided that after two years if the pass rate does not satisfy the required standard, the program will be reevaluated by the IDFPR for a determination as to whether the program will be allowed to continue on probation or whether it should be disapproved.
Our institutions must assess their arrangements with third parties to determine whether a vendor must now be treated as a third-party servicer based on the guidance, and such assessment may lead to a need to modify or end existing contracts and establish new contracts. Title IV Return of Funds.
Once final guidance is published, our institutions must assess their arrangements with third parties to determine whether a vendor must now be treated as a third-party servicer based on the guidance, and such assessment may lead to a need to modify or end existing contracts and establish new contracts. Title IV Return of Funds.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment in our common stock, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this Annual Report, including our “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this Annual Report, including our “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
In connection with the transition, we experienced challenges related to system performance, process changes and third-party software defects, and there was an adverse impact on registrations and revenue, profits, and cash flow in second and third quarters of 2021.
In connection with the transition, we experienced challenges related to system performance, process changes and third-party software defects, and there was an adverse impact on registrations and revenue, profits, and cash flow in the second and third quarters of 2021.
Changes our institutions may make to their operations to improve the student experience and enhance their ability to identify and enroll students who are likely to succeed may adversely affect our institutions’ enrollment, profitability, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
Changes our institutions may make to their operations to improve the student experience and enhance our institutions’ ability to identify and enroll students who are likely to succeed may adversely affect our institutions’ enrollment, profitability, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
In addition, because of the relatively local focus of RU’s and HCN’s nursing programs, our competitive environment is impacted by various factors that are specific to the particular areas where our campuses are located, including local supply and demand dynamics for nurses and nursing schools.
In addition, because of the relatively local focus of RU’s and HCN’s nursing programs, our competitive environment is impacted by various factors that are specific to the particular areas where our campuses are located, including local supply and demand dynamics for our programs, nurses, and nursing schools.
The complete loss of institutional accreditation at one of our institutions would, among other things, render the institution and its students ineligible to participate in Title IV and TA programs, and have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenue, and results of operations. In addition, loss of Title IV participation would result in loss of VA participation.
The complete loss of institutional accreditation at one of our institutions would, among other things, render the institution and its students ineligible to participate in Title IV and TA programs, and have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenue, and results of operations. In addition, loss of Title IV participation would result in loss of TA and VA participation.
Alternatively, ABHES may in its discretion provide an opportunity for a program to come into compliance within a period of time specified by ABHES, and ABHES may extend the period for achieving compliance if a program demonstrates improvement over time or other good cause.
Alternatively, ABHES may in its discretion provide an opportunity for a program to come into compliance within a period of time specified by ABHES, and ABHES may extend the period for achieving compliance if a program demonstrates improvement over time or for other good cause.
If any of our institutions fails to satisfy the 90/10 Rule and loses eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, it would also lose the ability to participate in the TA because DoD requires institutions to participate in the Title IV programs in order to participate in TA, and ineligibility of either or both of our institutions to participate in Title IV programs and TA would have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenue, results of operations, and cash flows.
If any of our institutions fails to satisfy the 90/10 Rule and loses eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, it would also lose the ability to participate in TA because DoD requires institutions to participate in Title IV programs in order to participate in TA, and ineligibility of either or both of our institutions to participate in Title IV programs and TA would have a material adverse effect on our enrollments, revenue, results of operations, and cash flows.
ED requires institutions that participate in Title IV programs to refer to the ED OIG credible information about fraud or other illegal conduct involving Title IV programs, and in the past our institutions have referred to the OIG information with respect to potential fraud by applicants and students.
ED requires institutions that participate in Title IV programs to refer to ED OIG credible information about fraud or other illegal conduct involving Title IV programs, and in the past our institutions have referred to the OIG information with respect to potential fraud by applicants and students.
Without the consent of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, with certain exceptions, we may not, among other things, (i) incur any indebtedness if such incurrence would cause our Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the purchase agreement for the Series A Senior Preferred Stock) to exceed 0.75:1, (ii) issue any capital stock senior to or pari passu with the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, (iii) declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock, or (iv) repurchase more than an aggregate of $30 million of our common stock.
Without the consent of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, with certain exceptions, we may not, among other things, (i) incur any indebtedness if such incurrence would cause our Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the purchase agreement for the Series A Senior Preferred Stock) to exceed 0.75 to 1:00, (ii) issue any capital stock senior to or pari passu with the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, (iii) declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock, or (iv) repurchase more than an aggregate of $30 million of our common stock.
Furthermore, DoD MOUs, which specify terms and conditions of participation in TA and are discussed in more depth in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Defense”, and the related increased focus by DoD on relationships with and oversight of 42 educational providers, or additional DoD restrictions, could lead to adverse changes in the nature of our relationships with military installations and their education centers and our access to military service members.
Furthermore, DoD MOUs, which specify terms and conditions of participation in TA and are discussed in more depth in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Defense”, and the related increased focus by DoD on relationships with and oversight of educational providers, or additional DoD restrictions, could lead to adverse changes in the nature of our relationships with military installations and their education centers and our access to military service members.
Our or our institutions’ failure to obtain, or a delay in receiving, approval of any change of control from the relevant regulatory agencies following a transaction involving a change of ownership or control could result in a suspension of operating authority, loss of accreditation, or 60 suspension, loss of ability to participate in Title IV programs or certain growth restrictions including with respect to adding locations and programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our institutions and our financial condition.
Our or our institutions’ failure to obtain, or a delay in receiving, approval of any change of control from the relevant regulatory agencies following a transaction involving a change of ownership or control could result in a suspension of operating authority, loss of accreditation, or suspension, loss of ability to participate in Title IV programs or certain growth restrictions including with respect to adding locations and programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our institutions and our financial condition.
Failure to make the disclosures required by these regulations could put us at risk of administrative enforcement action or related litigation, including claims from students related to misrepresentation and other matters. In 52 addition, we cannot predict whether, or to what extent, such disclosure requirements will have an effect on our enrollment processes and results.
Failure to make the disclosures required by these regulations could put us at risk of administrative enforcement action or related litigation, including claims from students related to misrepresentation and other matters. In addition, we cannot predict whether, or to what extent, such disclosure requirements will have an effect on our enrollment processes and results.
Although we believe that one or more private organizations would be willing to provide financial assistance to students attending our institutions, there is no assurance that this would be the case, and the terms of such 47 financial aid might not be as favorable as those for funds under the Title IV, TA, or VA education benefit programs.
Although we believe that one or more private organizations would be willing to provide financial assistance to students attending our institutions, there is no assurance that this would be the case, and the terms of such financial aid might not be as favorable as those for funds under the Title IV, TA, or VA education benefit programs.
If we are unable to effectively market our programs or expand into new markets, our results of operations would be negatively affected. Our marketing strategy for APUS traditionally focused on building long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with businesses, other organizations, and individuals in the military, military-affiliated, and public service communities.
If we are unable to effectively market our programs or expand into new markets, our results of operations would be negatively affected. Our marketing strategy for APUS traditionally focused on building long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with businesses, other organizations, and individuals in military, military-affiliated, and public service communities.
If our institutions experience a disruption in their ability to process Title IV financial aid because of administrative challenges on their part or the part of their vendors, ED could 62 require that our institutions become subject to payment methods for Title IV programs that are not the advance payment system, which could have a material adverse effect on our institutions’ cash flows.
If our institutions experience a disruption in their ability to process Title IV financial aid because of administrative challenges on their part or the part of their vendors, ED could require that our institutions become subject to payment methods for Title IV programs that are not the advance payment system, which could have a material adverse effect on our institutions’ cash flows.
In the event that one or more states refuse to recognize our institutions’ students for professional licensure based on factors relating to our institutions or programs, the potential growth of our institutions’ programs would be negatively impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
In the event that one or more states refuse to recognize our institutions’ students for professional licensure based on factors relating to our institutions or programs, the potential and actual growth of our institutions’ programs would be negatively impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
As described in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Incentive Payment Rule”, changes in the interpretation of this prohibition may create uncertainty about what constitutes impermissible incentive payments and errors in the implementation of our compensation programs and arrangements may also lead to impermissible payments.
As described in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid 61 Programs – Incentive Payment Rule”, changes in the interpretation of this prohibition may create uncertainty about what constitutes impermissible incentive payments and errors in the implementation of our compensation programs and arrangements may also lead to impermissible payments.
As described more fully in “Regulatory Environment – State Authorization/Licensure – State Authorization/Licensure of Our Institutions”, as a result, regulators and accreditors have in some cases placed these programs on probationary or similar status or 49 required them to take corrective action, including limiting, or taking action that has the effect of limiting, enrollment.
As described more fully in “Regulatory Environment – State Authorization/Licensure – State Authorization/Licensure of Our Institutions”, as a result, regulators and accreditors have in some cases placed these programs on probationary or similar status or required them to take corrective action, including limiting, or taking action that has the effect of limiting, enrollment.
Under the Borrower Defense Regulations, as more fully described in “Regulatory – Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Borrower Defenses”, ED may initiate a proceeding to collect from an institution the amount of relief resulting from a borrower defense brought by an individual borrower.
As more fully described in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Borrower Defenses”, ED may initiate a proceeding to collect from an institution the amount of relief resulting from a borrower defense brought by an individual borrower.
In addition, accrediting bodies may adopt new or revised criteria, standards, and policies that are intended to monitor, regulate, or limit the growth of our programs or for-profit institutions like ours. Colleges and universities depend, in part, on accreditation in evaluating transfers of credit and applications to graduate schools.
In addition, accrediting bodies may adopt new or revised criteria, standards, and policies that are intended to monitor, regulate, or limit the growth of our programs or for-profit institutions like ours. 50 Colleges and universities depend, in part, on accreditation in evaluating transfers of credit and applications to graduate schools.
If one of our institutions is found not to 54 have satisfied ED’s financial responsibility requirements, it could be limited in its access to, or lose, Title IV program funds, which would limit our potential for growth and adversely affect our enrollment, revenue, and results of operations.
If one of our institutions is found not to have satisfied ED’s financial responsibility requirements, it could be limited in its access to, or lose, Title IV program funds, which would limit our potential for growth and adversely affect our enrollment, revenue, and results of operations.
Even with redundancy, a significant interruption in the operation of these facilities or the loss of institutional and operational data due to a natural disaster, fire, power interruption, act of terrorism, or another unanticipated catastrophic event, including as a result of climate change, may not be preventable.
Even with redundancy, a significant interruption in the operation of these facilities or the loss of institutional and 76 operational data due to a natural disaster, fire, power interruption, act of terrorism, or another unanticipated catastrophic event, including as a result of climate change, may not be preventable.
A failure of HCN to satisfy ABHES accreditation standards, including specific student achievement indicators, could have a material adverse impact on HCN’s student enrollment and our and HCN’s revenue, results of operations, and cash flows. ABHES annually reviews student achievement indicators, including retention rate, placement rate, and licensing and credentialing examination pass rate.
A failure of HCN to satisfy ABHES accreditation standards, including specific student achievement indicators, could have a material adverse impact on HCN’s student enrollment, revenue, results of operations, and cash flows. ABHES annually reviews student achievement indicators, including retention rate, placement rate, and licensing and credentialing examination pass rate.
The 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations identify certain conditions or other triggering events that have or may have an adverse material effect on the institution’s financial condition, in response to which ED would or could require that the institution submit some form of financial protection to ED.
The 2019 Borrower Defense Regulations identify certain conditions or other triggering events that have or may have an adverse material effect on the institution’s financial condition, in response to which ED would or could require that the 59 institution submit some form of financial protection to ED.
In addition, if ED were to determine that our institutions were unable to meet their responsibilities while they were provisionally certified, as our institutions currently are, ED could seek to revoke our institutions’ certification to participate in Title IV programs with fewer due process protections than if they were fully certified.
In addition, if ED were to determine that our institutions were unable to meet their responsibilities while they were provisionally certified, as 65 our institutions currently are, ED could seek to revoke our institutions’ certification to participate in Title IV programs with fewer due process protections than if they were fully certified.
The reallocation of funding among Title IV programs, material changes in the requirements for participation in such programs, or the substitution of 61 materially different Title IV programs could reduce the ability of certain students to finance their education at our institutions and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.
The reallocation of funding among Title IV programs, material changes in the requirements for participation in such programs, or the substitution of materially different Title IV programs could reduce the ability of certain students to finance their education at our institutions and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.
The combination of reduced growth or declines in the postsecondary student population and the entrance of additional providers in the online postsecondary education market will further intensify competition, and any decline in the number of enrollments could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
The combination of reduced growth or declines in the postsecondary student population and the entrance of additional providers in the online postsecondary education market will further intensify competition, and any resulting decline in the number of enrollments could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to restructure or refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, which could cause us to default on our debt obligations and impair our liquidity.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to restructure or refinance any of our indebtedness on terms favorable to us or commercially reasonable terms, if at all, which could cause us to default on our debt obligations and impair our liquidity.
Nevertheless, we have tried to, and may in the future try to, implement new marketing tactics and channels, including those with which we have no experience, and there is no guarantee that our marketing and branding efforts will achieve their desired results.
Nevertheless, we have tried to, and may in the future try to, implement new marketing tactics and channels, including those with which we have no experience, and there is no guarantee that our marketing and branding efforts will achieve the desired results.
There can be no assurance that our efforts to mitigate any adverse impact of the transition to ArmyIgnitED 2.0 on accounts receivable, bad debt, and cash flow will be successful or that ArmyIgnitED 2.0 will work as expected.
There can be no assurance that our continued efforts to mitigate any adverse impact of the transition to ArmyIgnitED 2.0 on accounts receivable, bad debt, and cash flow will be successful or that ArmyIgnitED 2.0 will work as expected.
The actions HCN takes to comply with ABHES requirements may not be successful in resolving existing issues and, if those actions are targeted at specific campuses or programs, may fail to prevent additional issues arising with respect to those or other campuses or programs.
The actions HCN takes to comply with ABHES requirements may not be successful in resolving existing issues and, if those actions are targeted at specific campuses or programs, they may fail to prevent additional issues arising with respect to those or other campuses or programs.
Such allegations could also result in increased scrutiny 59 and regulation by ED, Congress, accrediting bodies, state legislatures, state attorneys general, or other governmental authorities with respect to all for-profit institutions, including us and our institutions.
Such allegations could also result in increased scrutiny and regulation by ED, Congress, accrediting bodies, state legislatures, state attorneys general, or other governmental authorities with respect to all for-profit institutions, including us and our institutions.
Increases in applicable interest rates could result in a corresponding increase in educational costs to our existing and prospective students, which could result in a reduction in our enrollment. Higher interest rates could also contribute to higher default rates with respect to our students’ repayment of their education loans.
Any increases in applicable interest rates could result in a corresponding increase in educational costs to our existing and prospective students, which could result in a reduction in our enrollment. Higher interest rates could also contribute to higher default rates with respect to our students’ repayment of their education loans.
Higher default rates may in turn adversely impact our eligibility to participate in some Title IV programs, which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition. In addition, inflation has and in the future could result in increased costs of labor and materials, which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition.
Higher default rates may in turn adversely impact our eligibility to participate in some Title IV programs, which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition. In addition, inflation has resulted and, in the future, could result in increased costs of labor and materials, which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition.
For the Rasmussen Acquisition, we needed, and for any such acquisition, we would need approval from ED, and we would need to notify or obtain approval from applicable state agencies and accrediting agencies, and possibly other regulatory bodies, to the extent those agencies or bodies require such actions.
For the Rasmussen Acquisition, we needed, and for any such acquisition, we would need approval from ED, and we would need to notify or obtain approval from applicable state agencies and accrediting agencies, and possibly other regulatory bodies, to the 69 extent those agencies or bodies require such actions.
In the event third-party vendors fail to provide services, lack adequate continuity planning, or fail to provide necessary implementation or transition services, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In the event third-party vendors fail to provide services, lack adequate business continuity planning, or fail to provide necessary implementation or transition services, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If ABHES determines that HCN’s response to the program-specific warning status is insufficient, it could take action that could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, cash flow, and financial condition, including limiting program enrollment, suspending program enrollment and new starts until HCN meets terms and conditions established by ABHES, or withdraw approval for one or more programs.
If ABHES places any HCN program on program-specific warning status, and ABHES determines that HCN’s response to the program-specific warning status is insufficient, it could take action that could have an adverse impact on our results of operations, cash flow, and financial condition, including limiting program enrollment, suspending program enrollment and new starts until HCN meets terms and conditions established by ABHES, or withdraw approval for one or more programs.
Payment of dividends or the exercise of this redemption right could adversely impact our liquidity and reduce the amount of cash flow available for working capital, capital expenditures, growth opportunities, and other general corporate purposes. 65 In addition, holders of our Series A Senior Preferred Stock have certain consent rights that limit our ability to obtain debt or preferred stock financing or take certain other corporate actions.
Payment of dividends or the exercise of this redemption right could adversely impact our liquidity and reduce the amount of cash flow available for working capital, capital expenditures, growth opportunities, and other general corporate purposes. 71 In addition, holders of our Series A Senior Preferred Stock have certain consent rights that limit our ability to obtain debt or preferred stock financing or take certain other corporate actions.
In some instances, our institutions’ faculty members or students may post various articles or other third-party content online in course discussion boards or in other venues. The laws governing the fair use of these third-party materials are imprecise 68 and adjudicated on a case-by-case basis, which makes it challenging to adopt and implement appropriately balanced institutional policies governing these practices.
In some instances, our institutions’ faculty members or students may post various articles or other third-party content online in course discussion boards or in other venues. The laws governing the fair use of these third-party materials are imprecise and adjudicated on a case-by-case basis, which makes it challenging to adopt and implement appropriately balanced institutional 74 policies governing these practices.
For example, as discussed further in “Regulatory Environment – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Accessibility for Students and Disabilities”, ED’s Office for Civil Rights has in recent years taken enforcement action against higher education institutions in connection with the inaccessibility of their websites and online learning management platforms to persons with a disability.
For example, as discussed further in “Regulatory Environment – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Accessibility for Students and Disabilities”, ED’s Office for Civil Rights, or OCR, has in recent years taken enforcement action against higher education institutions in connection with the inaccessibility of their websites and online learning management platforms to persons with a disability.
Such proposals, or other similar legislation, should they become law, could have a material adverse impact on the operations of our 53 institutions.
Such proposals, or other similar legislation, should they become law, could have a material adverse impact on the operations of our institutions.
We cannot predict the likelihood that Congress or ED will continue to modify the 90/10 Rule with respect to relevant sources of funds or other aspects of the calculation. For example, in recent years Congress has considered various other proposals that would modify the 90/10 Rule, including proposals to decrease the limit on Title IV funds from 90% to 85%.
We cannot predict whether Congress or ED will continue to modify the 90/10 Rule with respect to relevant sources of funds or other aspects of the calculation. For example, in recent years Congress has considered various other proposals that would modify the 90/10 Rule, including proposals to decrease the limit on Title IV funds from 90% to 85%.
Additionally, some students finance their education through private loans that are not government subsidized. Historically low interest rates have created a favorable borrowing environment for students. However, our students may have to pay higher interest rates on their Title IV program loans and private loans as a result of recent and expected future interest rate increases.
Additionally, some students finance their education through private loans that are not government subsidized. Historically low interest rates have created a favorable borrowing environment for students. However, our students may have to pay higher interest rates on their Title IV program loans and private loans as a result of recent interest rate increases.
In addition, our institutions’ technology infrastructure, and the technology infrastructure of our third-party vendors, could be vulnerable to interruption or malfunction due to events beyond our control, including natural disasters, cyber-attacks, terrorist activities, and telecommunications failures, as well as our own failure to fully develop or test our disaster recovery plans.
In addition, our institutions’ technology infrastructure, and the technology infrastructure of our third-party vendors, could be vulnerable to interruption or malfunction due to events beyond our control, including natural disasters, cyber-attacks, terrorist activities, and telecommunications failures, as well as our own failure to fully develop or test our business continuity and disaster recovery plans.
Budget cuts or constraints, including in connection with the failure to increase or a delay in increasing the federal debt ceiling, could negatively affect us by leading to force reductions or cuts to 43 services and tools that we or APUS’s students rely upon for recruitment, enrollment, access, and TA.
In addition, budget cuts or constraints, including in connection with the failure to increase or a delay in increasing the federal debt ceiling, could negatively affect us by leading to force reductions or cuts to services and tools that we or APUS’s students rely upon for recruitment, enrollment, access, and TA.
Congress and ED have implemented a temporary freeze on student loan payments and interest accruals, which means borrowers are less likely to default on their loans and our institutions’ cohort default rates are lower not because borrowers are making 56 timely repayments but because the government is allowing them not to make payments.
Congress and ED implemented a temporary freeze on student loan payments and interest accruals, which means borrowers are less likely to default on their loans and our institutions’ cohort default rates are lower not because borrowers are making timely repayments but because the government is allowing them not to make payments.
In addition, merely being subject to disciplinary, probationary, or similar status or requirements could make it more difficult to improve NCLEX pass rates or meet other applicable standards, such as by damaging our reputation and making it more difficult to recruit students who are likely to succeed or at all.
In addition, merely being subject to disciplinary, probationary, or similar status or requirements could make it more difficult to improve NCLEX pass rates or meet other applicable standards, such as by damaging our reputation and making it more difficult to recruit students who are likely to succeed.
Loss of state authorization by one of our institutions in the state in which its main campus is physically located would cause that institution to be ineligible to participate in Title IV programs, and therefore also TA and VA, to be unable to operate in the state and grant credentials, and to lose institutional accreditation.
Loss of state authorization by one of our institutions in the state in which its main campus is physically located would render that institution ineligible to participate in Title IV programs, and therefore also TA and VA, to be unable to operate in the state and grant credentials, and to lose institutional accreditation.
If we undergo a change in ownership or control, ED will place our institutions on provisional certification to the extent they are not already on provisional status, and the terms of that provisional certification could limit our institutions’ potential for growth and adversely affect our institutions’ enrollment, our revenue, and results of operations.
If we undergo a change in ownership or control, ED will place our institutions on provisional certification if they are not already on provisional status, and the terms of that provisional certification could limit our institutions’ potential for growth and adversely affect our institutions’ enrollment, our revenue, and results of operations.
We face an ever-increasing number of threats to our computer networks and systems, including unauthorized activity and access, malicious penetration, system viruses, ransomware, phishing, other malicious code and vulnerabilities in software and software code and cyber-attacks, including individual or organized cyber-attacks. Any of these threats could breach our security and disrupt our systems.
We face an ever-increasing number of threats to our computer networks systems, including unauthorized activity and access, malicious penetration, system viruses, ransomware, phishing, other malicious code and vulnerabilities in software and software code and cyber-attacks, including individual or organized cyber-attacks. Any of these threats could impact our security and disrupt our systems.
Many of these competitors, whether for-profit, not-for-profit, or public, may also be able to leverage their greater scale, size, name recognition, and financial and other resources to compete more efficiently for potential students, or to provide instructional and support resources that may be superior to those of our institutions and other for-profit schools.
Many of these competitors, whether for-profit, not-for-profit, or public, may also be able to leverage their greater scale, size, name recognition, and financial and other resources to compete for potential students, or to provide instructional and support resources that may be superior to those of our institutions and other for-profit schools.
Enrollments and course registrations by active-duty service members may be adversely affected by a variety of factors not directly related to education programs, including changes in military activity and budgets. Events not directly related to education programs could lead to a reduction in registrations from students on active-duty.
Enrollments and course registrations by active-duty service members may be adversely affected by a variety of factors not directly related to education programs, including changes in military activity, budgets and government shutdowns. Events not directly related to education programs could lead to a reduction in registrations from students on active duty.
DoD’s MOUs impose extensive regulatory requirements on our institutions with respect to participation in DoD TA programs, and our revenue and number of students would decrease if our institutions are no longer able to receive funds under DoD TA programs or if TA is reduced, eliminated, or suspended.
DoD’s MOUs impose extensive regulatory requirements on our institutions with respect to participation in DoD TA programs, and our revenue and number of students would decrease if our institutions were no longer able to receive funds under DoD TA programs or if TA is reduced, eliminated, or suspended.
The program review report requires RU to do a review in connection with the federal work study finding, prepare policies and procedures, return small amounts of funds to two students, provide training, and take other actions in connection with the findings, and to provide a response, which RU timely provided.
The program review report required RU to do a review in connection with the federal work study finding, prepare policies and procedures, return small amounts of funds to two students, provide training, and take other actions in connection with the findings, and to provide a response, which RU timely provided.
These regulatory requirements can also affect our ability to acquire new institutions, open new locations, add new or expand existing educational programs, change our corporate structure or ownership, and make other substantive changes. Compliance with these requirements increases our cost of operations.
These regulatory requirements can also affect our ability to acquire new institutions, open new locations, add new or expand existing educational programs, change our corporate structure or ownership, and make other substantive changes related to our Company. Compliance with these requirements increases our cost of operations.
Furthermore, accrediting agencies that evaluate institutions offering 66 online programs, like APUS’s programs, must require such institutions to have processes through which the institution establishes that a student who registers for such a program is the same student who participates in and receives credit for the program.
Furthermore, accrediting agencies that evaluate institutions offering 72 online programs, like APUS’s programs, must require such institutions to have processes through which the institution establishes that a student who registers for such a program is the same student who participates in and receives credit for the program.
Difficulties associated with this or any further upgrade or transition to a new service provider, including the related data migration, could cause further disruption to soldiers’ ability to seek and obtain TA and to the Army’s processing of invoices and payments to APUS.
Difficulties associated with the transition to ArmyIgnitED or any further upgrade or transition to a new service provider, including the related data migration, could cause further disruption to soldiers’ ability to seek and obtain TA and to the Army’s processing of invoices and payments to APUS.
As more fully described in the Risk Factor that begins “RU is currently on provisional certification with ED...” below, the TPPPA entered into by RU and ED in connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition continues growth restrictions that ED imposed as a result of RU’s March 2019 change in ownership, including an enrollment cap on students who participate in Title IV.
As more fully described in the Risk Factor that begins “RU is currently on provisional certification with ED...” below, the PPPA, entered into by RU and ED in connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition continues restrictions that ED imposed as a result of RU’s March 2019 change in ownership, including an enrollment cap on students who participate in Title IV.
These restrictions could limit or adversely affect RU’s growth opportunities, including restricting its ability to serve additional students, particularly additional nursing students, and limiting its ability to continue to evolve to address current needs by providing new or modified programs.
These restrictions will limit or adversely affect RU’s growth opportunities, including restricting its ability to serve additional students, particularly additional nursing students, and limiting its ability to continue to evolve to address current needs by providing new or modified programs.
In addition, future acquisitions could result in dilutive issuances of securities or could require use of substantial portions of our available cash, as in the HCN acquisition and the Rasmussen Acquisition, or issuances of debt and equity, as in connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
In addition, future acquisitions could result in dilutive issuances of securities or could require use of substantial portions of our available cash, or issuances of debt or equity, as in connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
These risks increase when we make changes to our information technology systems or implement new ones. Our size makes us a prominent target for hacking and other cyber-attacks within the education industry. From time to time we experience security events and incidents, and these reflect an increasing level of sophistication, organization, and innovation.
These risks increase when we make changes to our network systems or implement new ones. Our size makes us a prominent target for hacking and other cyber-attacks within the education industry. From time to time we experience security events and incidents, and these reflect an increasing level of sophistication, organization, and innovation.
Findings of noncompliance with these laws, regulations, standards, and policies could result in any of the relevant regulatory agencies taking action including: imposing monetary fines, penalties, or injunctions; limiting operations, including restricting our institutions’ ability to offer new programs of study or to open new locations, or imposing limits on our growth; limiting or terminating our ability to grant degrees; restricting or revoking our institutions’ accreditation, licensure, or other approval to operate; limiting, suspending, or terminating our institutions’ eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, TA, or VA education benefit programs; requiring us to repay funds, post a letter of credit, or become subject to payment methods for Title IV programs that are not the advance payment system; subjecting us to civil or criminal penalties; or other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Findings of noncompliance with these laws, regulations, standards, and policies could result in any of the respective regulatory agencies taking certain actions, including: imposing monetary fines, penalties, or injunctions; limiting operations, including restricting our institutions’ ability to offer new programs of study or to open new locations, or imposing limits on our growth; limiting or terminating our ability to grant degrees; restricting or revoking our institutions’ accreditation, licensure, or 49 other approval required to operate; limiting, suspending, or terminating our institutions’ eligibility to participate in Title IV programs, TA, or VA education benefit programs; requiring us to repay funds, post a letter of credit, or become subject to payment methods for Title IV programs that are not the advance payment system; subjecting us to civil or criminal penalties; or other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If ACEN ultimately denies continuing accreditation and RU is unable to obtain accreditation or candidacy status with another national nursing accrediting body, RU would likely have to close the Illinois ADN program.
If ACEN ultimately denies initial accreditation and RU is unable to obtain accreditation or candidacy status with another national nursing accrediting body, RU would likely have to close the Illinois ADN program.
The performance and reliability of our and our institutions’ networks and technology infrastructure, including those of third parties systems we use or rely on, is critical to our operations and our institutions’ reputation and ability to attract and retain students.
The performance and reliability of our and our institutions’ networks and technology infrastructure, including those of third parties’ systems we use or rely on, is critical to our operations and our institutions’ reputation and ability to attract and retain students.
From time to time, we explore or enter into business combinations and acquisitions, such as our recent Rasmussen Acquisition and GSUSA acquisition, which are typically accompanied by a number of risks, including: • failure to consummate or delay in consummating the transactions; • lack of understanding of the target business; • unrealistic expectations for the benefits of the acquisitions or underestimation of the difficulties and costs of integration; • failure to achieve anticipated transaction benefits or projected financial results and operational synergies; • difficulties consolidating operations and integrating financial, information technology and other systems, as well as challenges in maintaining uniform, effective, or compliant standards, controls, policies, and procedures, including financial reporting procedures; • disruption or termination of relationships with students or business partners; • distraction of management’s and other key personnel’s attention from normal business operations during the acquisition and integration processes; • inability to obtain, or delay in obtaining, approval of the acquisition from the necessary regulatory agencies, or the imposition of operating restrictions or a letter of credit requirement on us or on the acquired institution such as in the case of the Rasmussen Acquisition; • expenses associated with the integration efforts; • adverse tax or accounting impact; and • unidentified issues not discovered in the due diligence process, including legal and regulatory contingencies.
From time to time, we explore or enter into business combinations and acquisitions, such as our recent Rasmussen Acquisition and GSUSA Acquisition, which are typically accompanied by a number of risks, including: • failure to consummate or delay in consummating the transactions; • lack of understanding of the target business; • unrealistic expectations for the benefits of the acquisitions or underestimation of the difficulties and costs of integration and impact on cash flow; • failure to achieve anticipated transaction benefits or projected financial results and operational synergies; • difficulties consolidating operations and integrating financial, information technology and other systems, as well as challenges in maintaining uniform, effective, or compliant standards, controls, policies, and procedures, including financial reporting procedures; • disruption or termination of relationships with students or business partners; • distraction of management’s and other key personnel’s attention from normal business operations during the acquisition and integration processes; • inability to obtain, or delay in obtaining, approval of the acquisition from the necessary regulatory agencies, or the imposition of operating restrictions or a letter of credit requirement on us or on the acquired institution such as in the case of the Rasmussen Acquisition; • expenses associated with the integration efforts; • increased costs of strategic transactions as a result of recent inflation and higher interest rates; • adverse tax or accounting impact; and • unidentified issues not discovered in the due diligence process, including legal and regulatory contingencies.
Other institutions have programs that are more fully developed, and our offerings may not be as successful or receive market acceptance. Our institutions may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors and may face competitive pressures that could adversely affect their business or results of operations.
Other institutions have programs that are more fully developed, and our offerings may not be as successful, broad or large enough or receive market acceptance. Our institutions may not be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors and may face competitive pressures that could adversely affect their business or results of operations.
Due to the many factors that can impact enrollments, we may not appropriately identify the cause of any adverse impacts, and therefore may not be able to appropriately modify our initiatives.
Due to the many factors that can impact enrollments, we may not appropriately identify the cause of any adverse impacts, and therefore may not be able to appropriately modify our initiatives to address such impacts.
Regulations, standards, and policies of these agencies address the vast majority of our operations, including our educational programs, facilities, instructional and administrative staff, administrative procedures, marketing, recruiting, and financial operations and condition.
Regulations, standards, and policies of these agencies affect the vast majority of our operations, including our educational programs, facilities, instructional and administrative staff, administrative procedures, marketing, recruiting, and financial operations and condition.
As discussed in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Financial Responsibility”, as of September 30, 2020, prior to its acquisition by us, RU’s financial ratios failed to meet ED’s standards of financial responsibility.
As discussed in “Regulatory Environment – Student Financing Sources and Related Regulations/Requirements – Department of Education – Regulation of Title IV Financial Aid Programs – Financial Responsibility”, prior to its acquisition by us, RU’s financial ratios failed to meet ED’s standards of financial responsibility.
Even if our institutions adequately address issues raised by an agency review or successfully defend a lawsuit or claim, we may have to divert significant financial and management resources from our ongoing business operations to address issues raised by those reviews or to defend against those lawsuits or claims.
Even if our institutions adequately address issues raised by a compliance review or successfully defend a lawsuit or claim, we may have to divert significant financial and management resources from our ongoing business operations to address issues raised by those reviews or to defend against those lawsuits or claims.
We continuously work on upgrades to PAD, and our employees devote substantial time to its development and to the successful integration of third-party products into PAD.
We continuously work on upgrades to modernize the architecture of PAD, and our employees devote substantial time to its development and to the successful integration of third-party products into PAD.
Our computer networks, and the networks of our third-party vendors, may be vulnerable to unauthorized access by computer hackers, phishing, ransomware, computer viruses, denial of service attacks, malicious social engineering and other security attacks or security problems, including vulnerabilities in software and software code.
Our computer networks, and the networks of our third-party vendors, may be vulnerable to unauthorized access by computer hackers, phishing, ransomware, computer viruses, denial of service attacks, malicious social engineering and other cyber-attacks or security incidents, including vulnerabilities in software and software code.
For example, APUS, RU and HCN are currently provisionally certified with ED.
For example, APUS and RU are currently provisionally certified with ED.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate as a result of some or all of the following: • price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time; • significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of comparable companies; • actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, our institutions’ net course registrations or enrollments, or fluctuations in our results of operations; • our ability to meet or exceed, or changes in, the expectations of securities analysts, or the extent or accuracy of analyst coverage of our company; • the actual, anticipated, or perceived impact of changes in the political environment, government policies, laws and regulations, or similar changes made by accrediting bodies; • the depth and liquidity of the market for our common stock; • general economic conditions and trends; • catastrophic events; • purchases or sales of large blocks of our stock; • future issuances of common stock or other securities; • recruitment or departure of key personnel; or • actions of others in our industry, including but not limited to acquisitions, investments, or strategic alliances. 72 In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate as a result of some or all of the following: • price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time; • significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of comparable companies; • the actual, anticipated, or perceived impact of changes in the political environment, government policies, laws and regulations, or similar changes made by accrediting bodies; • adverse rulings or findings by relevant governmental bodies; • general economic conditions and trends; • catastrophic events; • actions of others in our industry, including but not limited to acquisitions, investments, or strategic alliances. • actual or anticipated changes in our earnings, our institutions’ net course registrations or enrollments, or fluctuations in our results of operations; • our ability to meet or exceed, or changes in, the expectations of securities analysts, or the extent or accuracy of analyst coverage of our company; • the depth and liquidity of the market for our common stock; • purchases or sales of large blocks of our stock; • future issuances of common stock or other securities; • recruitment or departure of key personnel; or • investment strategies or other actions by those trading in our stock. 78 In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company.
Our business could be harmed if our institutions experience a disruption in their ability to process Title IV financial aid. We collected a substantial portion of our fiscal year 2022 consolidated revenue from receipt of Title IV financial aid program funds.
Our business could be harmed if our institutions experience a disruption in their ability to process Title IV financial aid. 68 We collected a substantial portion of our fiscal year 2023 consolidated revenue from receipt of Title IV financial aid program funds.
For example, during 2022, we had unexpected leadership departures at RU that we believe contributed to declines in enrollment at RU in 2022 and that will have a negative impact on starts in the first half of 2023 and overall fiscal 2023 results of operations.
For example, during 2022, we had unexpected leadership departures at RU that we believe contributed to declines in enrollment at RU in 2022 and that had a negative impact on the first half of 2023 and overall fiscal 2023 results of operations.
We cannot ensure that any measures we and our institutions take to protect our intellectual property or obtain rights to the intellectual property of others will be adequate, or that we have secured, or will be able to secure, appropriate protections for all of our institutions’ proprietary rights in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, or that third parties will not infringe upon or violate the proprietary rights of our institutions.
We cannot ensure that any measures we and our institutions take to protect our intellectual property or obtain rights to the intellectual property of others will be adequate, or that we have secured, or will be able to secure, appropriate protections for all of our institutions’ proprietary rights in the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions, or that third parties will not infringe upon or violate the proprietary rights of our institutions.
Our student registrations, revenue, and cash flow have been adversely impacted and we could continue to experience adverse impacts as a result of the Army’s transition to new systems for soldiers to request TA.
Risks Related to Our Business Our student registrations, revenue, and cash flow have been adversely impacted and we could continue to experience adverse impacts as a result of the Army’s transition to new systems for soldiers to request TA.
Adverse economic developments, such as those that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, that affect the United States could also result in a reduction in the number of jobs available to our graduates and lower salaries being offered in connection with available employment, which, in turn, could result in declines in our success with placements and persistence.
Adverse economic developments, such as those that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, that affect the U.S. could also result in a reduction in the number of jobs available to our graduates and lower salaries being offered in connection with available employment, which, in turn, could result in declines in our success with placements and persistence.
Furthermore, because APUS’s tuition is generally lower than that of most of its competitors, it has fewer dollars to spend per student on marketing and advertising than our competitors. Our pricing structure and margin profile may limit the availability of financial resources to be used for marketing and enrollment generation purposes.
Furthermore, because APUS’s tuition is generally lower than that of most of its competitors, it has fewer dollars to spend per student on marketing and advertising than its competitors. Our pricing structure and margin profile may limit the availability of financial resources to be used for marketing and enrollment in general.

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Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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APEI’s administrative offices also include approximately 3,000 square feet of leased space in Baltimore, Maryland under a lease that expires in May 2024 and, beginning in January 2023, approximately 3,100 square feet of leased space in Fort Lauderdale, Florida under a lease that expires in January 2026.
APEI’s administrative offices also include approximately 3,000 square feet of leased space in Baltimore, Maryland under a lease that expires in May 2024 and, beginning in February 2023, approximately 3,100 square feet of leased space in Fort Lauderdale, Florida under a lease that expires in January 2026.
Rasmussen University leases administrative office space in suburban Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Orlando, Florida, and leases 22 campuses located in six states and a planned campus in Dallas, Texas. These administrative offices and campuses include a total of 27 leased facilities with approximately 780,000 square feet combined.
Rasmussen University leases administrative office space in suburban Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Orlando, Florida, and leases 22 campuses located in six states. These administrative offices and campuses include a total of approximately 644,000 square feet combined. Lease terms and extension options vary by facility with expiration dates ranging from 2024 to 2033.
Lease terms and extension options vary by facility with expiration dates ranging from 2023 to 2033. Hondros College of Nursing leases an administrative office located in suburban Columbus, Ohio, and leases six campuses in Ohio, a campus in Indianapolis, Indiana, and a campus in Detroit, Michigan, which opened in October 2022.
Hondros College of Nursing leases an administrative office located in suburban Columbus, Ohio, and leases eight campuses located in three states. This administrative office and campuses include approximately 206,000 square feet combined. Lease terms and extension options vary by facility with expiration dates ranging 2024 to 2032.
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These administrative office and campuses include a total of 12 leased facilities with approximately 200,000 square feet combined. Lease terms and extension options vary by facility with expiration dates ranging from 2023 to 2032.

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Common Stock Dividends We have not historically paid dividends on our common stock, and our credit agreement contains limitations on the payments of future dividends.
Common Stock Dividends We have not historically paid dividends on our common stock, and our credit agreement contains limitations on the payment of future dividends.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers On May 2, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $35.0 million of shares of our common stock, and on December 5, 2019, our Board approved an additional authorization to repurchase up to $25.0 million of shares of our common stock.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None. 83 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers On May 2, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $35.0 million of shares of our common stock, and on December 5, 2019, our Board approved an additional authorization to repurchase up to $25.0 million of shares of our common stock.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “APEI”. Holders As of March 10, 2023, there were approximately 436 holders of record of our common stock.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “APEI”. Holders As of March 1, 2024, there were approximately 433 holders of record of our common stock.
(3) During the three month period ended December 31, 2022, 394 shares of common stock were deemed to have been repurchased for common stock forfeited by employees to satisfy minimum tax-withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock grants. 76
(3) During the three month period ended December 31, 2023, 502 shares of common stock were deemed to have been repurchased for common stock forfeited by employees to satisfy minimum tax-withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock grants. 85
(2) On May 2, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $35.0 million of shares of our common stock, and on December 5, 2019, our Board approved an additional authorization of up to $25.0 million of shares.
(2) On May 2, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $35.0 million of shares of our common stock, and on December 5, 2019, our Board approved an additional authorization of up to $25.0 million of shares. Further, on November 27, 2023, our Board approved an additional authorization of up to $10.0 million of shares.
Performance Graph The graph below matches the cumulative five-year total return of holders of American Public Education, Inc.’s common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index, the Nasdaq Composite index, a customized peer group of six companies that includes Adtalem Global Education Inc., Grand Canyon Education Inc., Perdoceo Education Corp 74 (formerly known as Career Education Corporation), Strategic Education Inc., Lincoln Educational Services Corporation, or Lincoln, and Universal Technical Institute, Inc., or UTI, and of our former peer group, which included Zovio, Inc.
Performance Graph The graph below compares the cumulative five-year total return of holders of American Public Education, Inc.’s common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index, the Nasdaq Composite index, a customized peer group of six companies that includes Adtalem Global Education Inc., Grand Canyon Education Inc., Perdoceo Education Corp (formerly known as Career Education Corporation), Strategic Education Inc., Lincoln Educational Services Corporation, and Universal Technical Institute, Inc.
As of December 31, 2022, approximately $8.4 million remained available under the current purchase authorization.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately $8.8 million remained available under the current purchase authorization.
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) (3) October 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022 — $ — — 624,923 $ 8,396,734 November 1, 2022 - November 30, 2022 — — — 624,923 8,396,734 December 1, 2022 - December 31, 2022 — — — 624,923 8,396,734 Total — $ — — 624,923 $ 8,396,734 (1) On December 9, 2011, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program for our common stock under which we could annually purchase up to the cumulative number of shares issued or deemed issued in that year under our equity incentive and stock purchase plans.
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) (3) October 1, 2023 - October 31, 2023 — $ — — 755,359 $ 397,136 November 1, 2023 - November 30, 2023 — — — 755,359 10,397,136 December 1, 2023 - December 31, 2023 180,409 9.11 180,409 755,359 8,752,961 Total 180,409 $ 9.11 180,409 755,359 $ 8,752,961 84 (1) On December 9, 2011, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program for our common stock under which we could annually purchase up to the cumulative number of shares issued or deemed issued in that year under our equity incentive and stock purchase plans.
The following table presents our share repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2022. For additional information regarding our share repurchases please refer to “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity – Repurchase”.
Effective February 1, 2024, we ceased purchases under this purchase authorization. The following table presents our share repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2023. For additional information regarding our share repurchases please refer to “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 12. Stockholders’ Equity – Repurchase”.
Removed
(formerly known as Bridgepoint Education, Inc.), or Zovio, but did not include Lincoln or UTI. The peer group no longer includes Zovio because we no longer consider it to be a peer following changes to its business.
Added
The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock, in each index, and in the peer group (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on December 31, 2018, and tracks the value of those investments, respectively, through December 31, 2023. 82 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2023 APEI 100.00 96.24 107.10 78.18 43.18 33.91 S&P 500 100.00 131.49 155.68 200.37 164.08 207.21 Nasdaq Composite 100.00 136.69 198.10 242.03 163.28 236.17 Peer Group 100.00 108.02 90.46 77.12 94.73 128.25 The stock price performance included in the graph and table above is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
Removed
We added Lincoln and UTI to our peer group to replace Zovio in order to continue to show comparative performance with a similarly sized group of for-profit postsecondary education companies.
Added
On March 16, 2023, our Board of Directors confirmed the availability under the 2019 share repurchase program to repurchase up to approximately $8.0 million of shares of our common stock. We fully expended this $8.0 million as of April 30, 2023, and repurchased a total of 1,335,357 shares of our common stock.
Removed
The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock, in each index, and in the peer group (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on December 31, 2017, and tracks the value of those investments, respectively, through December 31, 2022.
Added
On November 27, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized a new program to repurchase up to an additional $10.0 million of shares of our common stock. In the fourth quarter, we repurchased 180,409 shares of our common stock under this authorization for an aggregate purchase amount of $1.6 million.
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December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2022 APEI 100.00 113.61 109.34 121.68 88.82 49.06 S&P 500 100.00 95.62 125.72 148.85 191.58 156.89 Nasdaq Composite 100.00 97.16 132.81 192.47 235.15 158.65 2021 Peer Group 100.00 109.44 115.94 96.92 80.43 100.34 2022 Peer Group 100.00 110.69 119.57 100.13 85.37 104.85 The stock price performance included in the graph and table above is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. 75 Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None.
Added
In the aggregate, in 2023 we repurchased 1,515,766 shares of our common stock for $9.7 million. In January 2024, we repurchased 251,146 shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase amount of $2.8 million.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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The composition of our students, changing market demands, and competition make forecasting very difficult, and we are unable to determine if we will continue to grow or what level of growth we will achieve, if any. Similarly, you should not rely on our operating margins in any prior periods as an indication of our future operating margins. Tuition rate.
The composition of our students, changing market demands, and competition make forecasting very difficult, and we are unable to determine if we will continue to grow or what level of growth we will achieve, if any. Similarly, you should not rely on our operating margins in any prior periods as an indication of our future operating margins. 90 Tuition rate.
General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits of employees engaged in corporate management, finance, financial aid processing, information technology (including expenses from the third-party contract with Collegis to provide IT services to RU), human resources, facilities, compliance, and other corporate functions, the cost of renting and maintaining administrative facilities, technology expenses, and costs for professional services.
General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits of employees engaged in corporate management, finance, financial aid processing, information technology, including expenses from the third-party contract with Collegis to provide IT services to RU, human resources, finance, legal, and compliance, and other corporate functions, the cost of renting and maintaining administrative facilities, technology expenses, and costs for professional services.
A significant portion of our revenue comes from our institutions’ participation in Title IV programs, APUS’s participation in the TA programs, and other government programs, and this creates significant risks to our operations. 77 Our operations are organized into three reporting segments: • American Public University System, or APUS Segment.
A significant portion of our revenue comes from our institutions’ participation in Title IV programs, APUS’s participation in the TA programs, and other government programs, and this creates significant risks to our operations. Our operations are organized into three reporting segments: • American Public University System, or APUS Segment.
We applied a hypothetical ten percent decrease to the fair values of our RU and HCN Segment, which at December 31, 2022, would have triggered additional impairment testing and analysis for our RU Segment. Applying the hypothetical decrease to the fair value of our HCN Segment did not result in an additional impairment.
We applied a hypothetical ten percent decrease to the fair values of our RU and HCN Segments, which at December 31, 2022, would have triggered additional impairment testing and analysis for our RU Segment. Applying the hypothetical decrease to the fair value of our HCN Segment did not result in an additional impairment.
Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is reported at the reporting unit level that we have defined as our reporting segments.
Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is reported at the reporting unit level that we have defined as our 92 reporting segments.
In December 2022, we issued $40 million of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, to affiliates of existing common stockholders of the Company.
In December 2022, we issued $40 million of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, to affiliates of our existing common stockholders of the Company.
Navy-related registrations were 5% of total net registrations, using TA as their primary pay type, in each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. We expect each military branch and the DoD to continually evaluate their approaches to education, and any resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on APUS’s enrollments.
Navy-related registrations were 5% of total net registrations, using TA as their primary pay type, in each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. We expect each military branch and the DoD to continually evaluate their approaches to education, and any resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on APUS’s enrollments.
At APUS, active-duty military students generally take fewer courses per year on average than non-military students and have a lower revenue per net course registration than other funding sources. A significant portion of APUS’s registrations are also attributable to students using VA education benefits, and funds from Title IV programs.
At APUS, active-duty military students generally take fewer courses per year on average than non-military students and have a lower revenue per net course registration than students utilizing other funding sources. A significant portion of APUS’s registrations are also attributable to students using VA 86 education benefits, and funds from Title IV programs.
Future changes, including minor changes in the significant assumption or other factors including revenue, operating income, valuation multiples, and other inputs to the valuation process may result in future impairment charges, and those charges could be material. For additional details regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets please refer to “Note 6.
Future changes, including minor changes in the significant assumption or other factors including revenue, operating income, valuation multiples, and other inputs to the valuation process may result in future impairment charges, and those charges could be material. For additional details regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets please refer to “Note 7.
OVERVIEW We are a provider of online and campus-based postsecondary education, and career learning, to approximately 107,100 students through four subsidiary institutions, American Public University System, or APUS, Rasmussen University, or RU, Hondros College of Nursing, or HCN, and Graduate School USA, or GSUSA.
OVERVIEW We are a provider of online and campus-based postsecondary education, and career learning, to approximately 107,000 students through four subsidiary institutions, American Public University System, or APUS, Rasmussen University, or RU, Hondros College of Nursing, or HCN, and Graduate School USA, or GSUSA.
We also expect operating and capital expenditures to increase in future periods as we accelerate the investment in and refreshment of our information technology systems. Changes and upgrades to our information technology systems have resulted and may continue to result in our incurring significant costs, including in the short term, and carry risk to our operations and financial results.
Information technology operating and capital expenditures may increase in future periods as we accelerate the investment in and refreshment of our information technology systems. Changes and upgrades to our information technology systems have resulted and may continue to result in our incurring significant costs, including in the short term, and carry risk to our operations and financial results.
Because we recognize revenue over the length of a course, net course registrations and student enrollments in a financial reporting period do not correlate directly with revenue for that period because revenue recognized from courses is not necessarily recognized in the financial reporting period in which the course registrations or enrollments occur.
At APUS, because we recognize revenue over the length of a course, net course registrations and student enrollments in a financial reporting period do not correlate directly with revenue for that period because revenue recognized from courses is not necessarily recognized in the financial reporting period in which the course registrations or enrollments occur.
We incurred an aggregate of approximately $0.4 million of pre-tax cash expenses associated with employee severance benefits as a result of this reduction in force. The reduction in force resulted in pre-tax labor and benefit savings of approximately $2.7 million in 2022.
We incurred an aggregate of approximately $0.4 million of pre-tax cash expenses associated with employee severance costs as a result of this reduction in force. The reduction in force resulted in pre-tax labor and benefit savings of approximately $2.7 million in 2022.
ED and RU entered into a Temporary Provisional Program Participation Agreement, or TPPPA, effective in October 2021, that allows RU to continue disbursing Title IV funds during the period of ED’s review of the change in ownership application.
ED and RU entered into a Temporary Provisional Program Participation Agreement, or TPPPA, effective in October 2021, that allowed RU to continue disbursing Title IV funds during the period of ED’s review of the change in ownership application.
Without the consent of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, with certain exceptions, the Company may not, among other things, (i) incur any indebtedness if such incurrence would cause the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) to exceed 0.75:1, (ii) issue any capital stock senior to or pari passu with the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, (iii) declare or pay any cash dividends on the Company’s common stock, or (iv) repurchase more than an aggregate of $30 million of the Company’s common stock.
Without the consent of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, with certain exceptions, we may not, among other things, (i) incur any indebtedness if such incurrence would cause our Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) to exceed 0.75 to 1.00, (ii) issue any capital stock senior to or pari passu with the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, (iii) declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock, or (iv) repurchase more than an aggregate of $30 million of our common stock.
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022, we incurred approximately $5.9 million, $6.0 million, and $3.2 million, respectively, of information technology costs related to our multi-year technology transformation program, focusing on specific information technology projects, including replacements of our learning management and customer relationship management systems.
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, we incurred approximately $6.0 million, and $3.2 million, respectively, of information technology costs related to our multi-year technology transformation program, focusing on specific information technology projects, including replacements of our learning management and customer relationship management systems.
We expect operating and capital expenditures to increase in future periods as we continue to add new campuses and incur maintenance costs at existing campuses. RU Change in Ownership. The Rasmussen Acquisition was required to be reported to, and in some cases approved by, various education regulatory bodies.
Operating and capital expenditures to increase in future periods as we continue to add new campuses and incur maintenance costs at existing campuses. RU Change in Ownership. The acquisition of RU, or the Rasmussen Acquisition, was required to be reported to, and in some cases approved by, various education regulatory bodies.
For more information on the timing and amount of our future principal and interest payments, please refer to “Note 8. Long-Term Debt” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. 94 Lease obligations We have leases for office space and campus facilities.
For more information on the timing and amount of our future principal and interest payments, please refer to “Note 9. Long-Term Debt” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Lease obligations We have leases for office space and campus facilities.
Contractual Obligations Long-term debt We have long-term debt outstanding under the Credit Agreement of $99.1 million as of December 31, 2022. No principal payments are due in 2023 as a result of the December 2022 prepayments. Interest payable of $9.2 million is due in 2023, assuming the variable rate as of December 31, 2022.
Contractual Obligations Long-term debt We have long-term debt outstanding under the Credit Agreement of $99.1 million as of December 31, 2023. No principal payments are due in 2024 as a result of the December 2022 prepayments. Interest payable of $10.9 million is due in 2024, assuming the variable rate as of December 31, 2023.
For a discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for 2021 compared to 2020, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 2, 2022, which discussion is incorporated in this Annual Report by reference and which is available free of charge on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
For a discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for 2022 compared to 2021, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 14, 2023, which discussion is incorporated in this Annual Report by reference and which is available free of charge on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
In early 2023, we will be launching a new native mobile application to improve the student experience at APUS. Not all of our information technology spending can be capitalized, and our investments may cost more than expected or fail to be successful.
In early 2023, we launched a new native mobile application to improve the student experience at APUS. Not all of our information technology spending can be capitalized, and our investments may cost more than expected or fail to be successful.
We paid a portion of the consideration for the Rasmussen Acquisition with proceeds from the Term Loan. For more 93 information on the Facilities and their terms, please refer to “Note 8. Long-Term Debt” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
We paid a portion of the consideration for the Rasmussen Acquisition with proceeds from the Term Loan. For more information on the Facilities and their terms, please refer to “Note 9. Long-Term Debt” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
The cost of these grants and scholarships is reported as a reduction of tuition revenue in the period incurred for purposes of establishing net tuition revenue. Other fees. In addition to tuition, APUS charges a per course technology fee of $65 or $100 per course, depending on the course.
The cost of these grants and scholarships is reported as a reduction of tuition revenue in the period incurred for purposes of establishing net tuition revenue. Other fees. In addition to tuition, APUS charges a technology fee of $85 to $100 per course, depending on the course.
Due to the increase in online postsecondary offerings, which accelerated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with the prospect of continued postsecondary enrollment declines in the United States, we face increased competition as fewer students pursue degree-based postsecondary education from a wider selection of offerings. For example, the Navy recently launched the U.S.
Due to the increase in online postsecondary offerings, which accelerated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with the prospect of continued uncertainty in postsecondary enrollment in the United States, we face increased competition as fewer students pursue degree-based postsecondary education from a wider selection of offerings. For example, in 2019, the Navy launched the U.S.
At RU and HCN, adding new campuses is a necessary step to extend our student reach throughout the U.S. For example, during 2021 and 2022, HCN opened new campuses in Akron, Ohio, and Detroit, Michigan, respectively, and in July 2022, RU opened a consolidated Hennepin/Anoka, Minnesota campus by merging two existing campuses and relocating to a new space.
At RU and HCN, adding new campuses is a necessary step to extend our student reach throughout the United States. For example, during 2021 and 2022, HCN opened new campuses in Akron, Ohio, and Detroit, Michigan, respectively, and in July 2022, RU opened a consolidated Hennepin/Anoka, Minnesota campus by merging two existing campuses and relocating to a new space.
At December 31, 2022, after the reduction in carrying value due to the goodwill and intangible assets in 2022, and, in the case impairment charges in prior years in the HCN Segment, goodwill is $86.0 million and $26.6 million in the RU and HCN Segments, respectively.
At December 31, 2023, after the reduction in carrying value due to the goodwill and intangible assets in 2022 and 2023, and, in the case impairment charges in prior years in the HCN Segment, goodwill is $33.0 million and $26.6 million in the RU and HCN Segments, respectively.
In addition, we determined the fair value of our RU Segment’s indefinite-lived intangible asset was less than its carrying value. As a result, we recorded a $2.0 million non-cash impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of our RU Segment indefinitely-lived intangible assets for accreditation, licensing and Title IV to $9.0 million.
In addition, as described above, we determined the fair value of our RU Segment’s indefinite-lived intangible asset was less than its carrying value. As a result, we recorded a $2.0 million non-cash impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of our RU Segment indefinite-lived intangible assets for accreditation, licensing and Title IV.
We incur depreciation and amortization expenses for costs related to the capitalization of property, equipment, software, and program development on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In addition, we incur amortization expense for the amortization of identified intangible assets with a definite life resulting from the Rasmussen Acquisition. Interest Income (Expense).
We incur depreciation and amortization expenses for costs related to the capitalization of property, equipment, software, and program development on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. In addition, we incur amortization expense for the amortization of identified intangible assets with a definite life resulting from the Rasmussen Acquisition. Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets .
Failure to achieve business performance consistent with our expectations, to reverse the decline in enrollments at RU, including as a result of regulatory action, or to comply with the 90/10 Rule, or any government shutdown could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations.
Failure to achieve business performance consistent with our expectations, to reverse the decline in enrollments at RU, including as a result of regulatory action, or to comply with the 90/10 Rule or meet the financial responsibility requirements, or any government shutdown could adversely impact our cash flows and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2022, approximately 65% of APUS’s students self-reported that they served in the military on active-duty at the time of initial enrollment, and as a result APUS is particularly reliant on tuition assistance programs, or TA, and the Department of Defense, or DoD, budget.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 66% of APUS’s students self-reported that they served in the military on active duty at the time of initial enrollment, and as a result APUS is particularly reliant on tuition assistance, or TA, programs, and the Department of Defense, or DoD, budget.
Costs and Expenses We categorize our costs and expenses in the following categories: instructional costs and services expenses; selling and promotional expenses; general and administrative expenses; loss on disposals of long-lived assets; impairment of goodwill and intangible assets; and depreciation and amortization. Instructional costs and services expenses.
Costs and Expenses We categorize our costs and expenses in the following categories: instructional costs and services expenses; selling and promotional expenses; general and administrative expenses; depreciation and amortization; impairment of goodwill and intangible assets; loss on assets held for sale; and loss on disposals of long-lived assets. Instructional costs and services expenses.
In connection with the completion of the Rasmussen Acquisition, on September 1, 2021, or the Closing Date, we entered into a Credit Agreement with Macquarie Capital Funding LLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc., and Truist Securities, Inc. as joint lead arrangers and bookrunners, and a syndicate of lenders, or the Lenders and, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Lenders provided us with (i) the $175.0 million Term Loan, and (ii) a senior secured revolving loan facility in an aggregate commitment amount of $20.0 million, or together with the Term Loan, the Facilities.
In connection with the completion of the Rasmussen Acquisition, we entered into a Credit Agreement with Macquarie Capital Funding LLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc., and Truist Securities, Inc. as joint lead arrangers and bookrunners, and a syndicate of lenders, or the Lenders and, pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Lenders provided us with (i) the $175.0 million Term Loan, and (ii) a senior secured revolving loan facility in an aggregate commitment amount of $20.0 million, or together with the Term Loan, the Facilities.
Financial information regarding each of our reportable segments is reported in this Annual Report in the sections “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “– Operating Results by Reportable Segment Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021”. Student Body.
Financial information regarding each of our reportable segments is reported in this Annual Report in the sections “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and “– Operating Results by Reportable Segment Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022”. Student Body.
The Company has the right to redeem the preferred stock pro rata in whole or in part at the price per share equal to the liquidation preference, plus any applicable early premium amount noted in the Certificate of Designation and Purchase Agreement.
We have the right to redeem the preferred stock pro rata in whole or in part at the price per share equal to the liquidation preference, plus any applicable early premium amount noted in the Certificate of Designation and Purchase Agreement.
In addition to goodwill, in connection with the acquisitions of RU and HCN, we recorded identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life in the aggregate amount of $51.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively, which includes trade name, accreditation, licensing, Title IV, and affiliate agreements.
In addition to goodwill, in connection with the acquisitions of RU and HCN, we recorded identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life in the aggregate amount of $51.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in our RU and HCN Segments, which include intangible assets related to trade name, accreditation, licensing, and Title IV, and affiliate agreements.
On August 9, 2021, we completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of 11 full-time faculty members at APUS and 28 non-faculty employees across a variety of roles and departments at APEI and APUS, representing approximately 3.2% of the APUS full-time faculty workforce, and 3.1% of the APEI and APUS non-faculty workforce.
In the third quarter of 2021, we completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of 11 full-time faculty members at APUS and 28 non-faculty employees across a variety of roles and departments at APEI and APUS, representing approximately 3.2% of the APUS full-time faculty workforce, and 3.1% of the APEI and APUS non-faculty workforce.
For additional details regarding the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, please refer to “Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity” included in our Consolidated Financial Statements. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates, or ASUs.
For additional details regarding the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, please refer to “Note 13. Preferred Stock” included in our Consolidated Financial Statements. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates, or ASUs.
As a result, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $13.5 million to reduce the carrying value of our RU Segment indefinite-lived intangible assets. There were no indicators of impairment for our HCN Segment. At October 31, 2022, we completed our annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for our RU and HCN Segments.
As a result, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $11.0 million to reduce the carrying value of our RU Segment indefinite-lived intangible assets. There were no indicators of impairment for our HCN Segment. At October 31, 2022, we completed our annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for our RU and HCN Segments.
Selling and promotional expenses. Selling and promotional expenses include salaries and benefits of personnel engaged in student enrollment, advertising costs, and marketing material production costs, and include expenses from the third-party contract with Collegis to provide marketing services to RU, which was terminated effective January 31, 2023.
Selling and promotional expenses. Selling and promotional expenses include salaries and benefits of personnel engaged in student enrollment, advertising costs, and marketing material production costs, and, prior to January 31, 2023, include expenses from the third-party contract with Collegis to provide marketing services to RU.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $16.3 million and $29.2 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $29.2 million and $45.5 million in 2022, and 2023, respectively.
There can be no assurance that our efforts to mitigate any adverse impact of the transition to ArmyIgnitED 2.0 on accounts receivable, bad debt, and cash flow will be successful or that ArmyIgnitED 2.0 will work as expected.
There can be no assurance that our continued efforts to mitigate any adverse impact of the transition to ArmyIgnitED 2.0 on accounts receivable, bad debt, and cash flow will be successful .
At RU and HCN, generally programs begin and end in a calendar quarter. The average number of courses per term at APUS varies by payor type. For example, Title IV students take more courses per term than TA students.
At RU and HCN, generally terms begin and end in a calendar quarter. The average number of courses taken by students at APUS varies by payor type. For example, Title IV students take more courses on average than TA students.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 60% of HCN students were enrolled in the Practical Nursing, or PN program, while 40% were enrolled in the Associate Degree in Nursing, or ADN program. Increased Costs and Expenses.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 65% of HCN students were enrolled in the Practical Nursing, or PN program, while 35% were enrolled in the Associate Degree in Nursing, or ADN program. Increased Costs and Expenses.
We have completed the transition of RU marketing in-house to our centralized marketing team and plan to transition all of the information technology services currently outsourced to Collegis back to our operations or to one or more other third-party vendors.
We completed the transition of RU marketing to our in-house centralized marketing team during the first quarter of 2023. We plan to transition all of the information technology services currently outsourced to Collegis back to our operations and to one or more third-party vendors in 2024.
While APUS, RU, and HCN plan to increase certain tuition and fees beginning in 2023, including in order to offset increased faculty costs, there may be periods during which we are unable to fully recover increases in our costs.
APUS, RU, and HCN increased certain tuition and fees beginning in 2023, and APUS intends to increase in 2024, in order to offset increased faculty costs and other costs, but there may be periods during which we are unable to fully recover increases in our costs.
General and administrative expenses also include bad debt expense. General and administrative expenses are generally affected by the costs of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, the efficiency of delivering back-office support including technology services, and the level of expenditures for supporting company initiatives. Loss on disposals of long-lived assets .
General and administrative expenses also include bad debt expense. General and administrative expenses are generally affected by the costs of salaries and benefits for our general and administrative personnel, the efficiency of delivering back-office support including technology services, and the level of expenditures for supporting company initiatives. Depreciation and amortization.
Providing affordable degree and certificate programs is an important element of our competitive strategy. APUS plans to adopt modest tuition and fee increases for non-military students effective in the second quarter of 2023, but we estimate that APUS’s tuition and fees will remain lower than the average in-state cost at public universities.
Providing affordable degree and certificate programs is an important element of our competitive strategy. APUS implemented modest tuition and fee increases for non-military and veteran students in the second and third quarters of 2023, but we estimate that APUS’s tuition and fees remain lower than the average in-state cost at public universities.
Naval Community College, which supports naval education for enlisted service members. While a number of schools with which APUS competes are participating partners with the U.S. Naval Community College, APUS is not an eligible partner.
Naval Community College, or the USNCC, which supports naval education for enlisted service members. While a number of schools with which APUS competes are participating partners with the USNCC, APUS, as a for-profit educator, is not an eligible partner.
Our costs and expenses have increased over time due in part to the acquisitions of RU and GSUSA, the addition of new HCN campuses, including HCN’s new campus located in suburban Detroit, which opened in October 2022, increases in nursing faculty and employee compensation, as well as increases in advertising and Title IV costs as a result of increased competition and rising inflation rates, and the changing needs of our students, including costs for technology required to support students at our institutions.
Our costs and expenses have increased over time due in part to the acquisitions of RU and GSUSA, campus relocations for RU and HCN, the addition of new HCN campuses, including HCN’s new campus located in suburban Detroit, which opened in October 2022, increases in nursing faculty and employee compensation costs, and the changing needs of our students, including costs for technology required to support students at our institutions.
Our revenue is largely driven by the number of students enrolled at our institutions, the number of and types of courses that students take, student payor source, and the mix of programs students attend. Our consolidated revenue in 2022 was $606.3 million, representing a $187.5 million, or 44.8%, increase from $418.8 million in 2021.
Our revenue is largely driven by the number of students enrolled at our institutions, the number of and types of courses that students take, student payor source, and the mix of programs students attend. Our consolidated revenue in 2023 was $600.5 million, representing a $5.8 million, or 1.0%, decrease from $606.3 million in 2022.
There were no indefinite useful life intangible assets identified as a result of the acquisition of GSUSA. There are no indefinite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment. We recorded $35.5 million, $4.4 million, and $1.0 million of identified intangible assets with a definite useful life in connection with the acquisitions of RU, HCN, and GSUSA, respectively.
We recorded $35.5 million, $4.4 million, and $1.0 million of identified intangible assets with a definite useful life in connection with the acquisitions of RU, HCN, and GSUSA, respectively, reported in our RU and HCN Segments, and in Corporate and Other. There are no definite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment.
At RU and HCN, the tuition increases are adjusted to be consistent with the local campus markets. Even inclusive of these increases, RU and HCN’s tuition and fees are designed to be affordable and competitive when compared to the tuition and fees at similar institutions offering the same level of flexibility, accessibility, and student experience. Net tuition.
Even inclusive of these increases, RU and HCN’s tuition and fees are designed to be affordable and competitive when compared to the tuition and fees at similar institutions offering the same level of flexibility, accessibility, and student experience.
An institution must obtain ED approval for a change in ownership and control in order to continue to participate in Title IV programs under the new ownership. ED does not provide pre-closing approval. In September 2021, RU timely submitted a change in ownership and control application to ED seeking approval to participate in the Title IV programs under our ownership.
An institution must obtain ED approval for a change in ownership and control in order to continue to participate in Title IV programs under the new ownership. In September 2021, in connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition, RU timely submitted a change in ownership and control application to ED seeking approval to participate in the Title IV programs under our ownership.
General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue were 19.9% in 2022 compared to 24.7% in 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, consolidated bad debt expense increased to $13.5 million, or approximately 2.2% of revenue, from $7.8 million, or approximately 1.9% of revenue, in 2021.
General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 21.3% in 2023 compared to 19.9% in 2022. 97 For the year ended December 31, 2023, consolidated bad debt expense increased to $16.5 million, or approximately 2.7% of revenue, from $13.5 million, or approximately 2.2% of revenue, in 2022.
Additional initiatives that we are implementing or may implement that may increase costs and expenses or adversely affect our revenue may include the following: • altering our institutions’ marketing programs to target the appropriate prospective students; • investing in technology related to our overall information technology transformation program; • insourcing RU marketing and information technology functions and services from Collegis; • changing admissions standards, requirements, processes, and procedures; • implementing more stringent satisfactory academic progress standards; • changing tuition costs and payment options; • upgrading existing campuses and opening additional campuses to meet student needs; • changing fund disbursement methods; and • implementing alternative learning delivery methods.
Additional initiatives that we are implementing or may implement that may increase costs and expenses or adversely affect our revenue may include the following: • altering our institutions’ marketing programs to target the appropriate prospective students; • investing in technology related to our overall information technology program to support our current and future needs; • changing admissions standards, requirements, processes, and procedures; • implementing more stringent satisfactory academic progress standards; • changing tuition costs and payment options; • improving our RU Segment financial results, NCLEX pass rates, and stabilizing enrollment; • upgrading or relocating existing campuses and opening additional campuses to meet student needs; • changing fund disbursement methods; and • implementing alternative learning delivery methods.
For financial reporting and analysis purposes, APUS measures its student population in terms of aggregate course enrollments, or net course registrations. Net course registrations, which include one-credit lab courses combined with their related three-credit courses, represent the aggregate number of courses in which students remain enrolled after the date by which they may drop the course without financial penalty.
Net course registrations, which include one-credit lab courses combined with their related three-credit courses, represent the aggregate number of courses in which students remain enrolled after the date by which they may drop the course without financial penalty. RU and HCN measure their student population in terms of student enrollments.
Please refer to “Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies” included in our Consolidated Financial Statements for information relating to our discussion of the effects of recent accounting pronouncements. 85 Results of Operations The following table sets forth statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for each of the years ended: 2021 2022 Revenue 100.0 % 100.0 % Costs and expenses: Instructional costs and services 41.2 % 47.6 % Selling and promotional 22.3 % 25.5 % General and administrative 24.7 % 19.9 % Loss on disposals of long-lived assets 0.3 % 0.2 % Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets — % 24.2 % Depreciation and amortization 4.3 % 5.3 % Total costs and expenses 92.8 % 122.7 % Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes 7.2 % (22.7) % Gain on acquisition — % 0.6 % Interest income (expense) (1.0) % (2.9) % Income (loss) from operations before income taxes 6.2 % (25.0) % Income tax expense 1.8 % (6.0) % Equity investment loss (0.2) % — % Net income (loss) 4.2 % (19.0) % Preferred Stock Dividend — % — % Net income (loss) available to common stockholders 4.2 % (19.0) % Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021 Our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022 do not include the financial results for RU and GSUSA prior to their acquisition dates, of September 1, 2021 and January 1, 2022, respectively.
Please refer to “Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies” included in our Consolidated Financial Statements for information relating to our discussion of the effects of recent accounting pronouncements. 95 Results of Operations The following table sets forth statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for each of the years ended: 2022 2023 Revenue 100.0 % 100.0 % Costs and expenses: Instructional costs and services 47.6 % 48.8 % Selling and promotional 25.5 % 22.1 % General and administrative 19.9 % 21.3 % Depreciation and amortization 5.3 % 4.6 % Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets 24.2 % 10.7 % Loss on assets held for sale — % 0.4 % Loss on disposals of long-lived assets 0.2 % 0.1 % Total costs and expenses 122.7 % 108.0 % Loss from operations before interest and income taxes (22.7) % (8.0) % Gain on acquisition 0.6 % — % Interest income (expense) (2.9) % (0.7) % Loss from operations before income taxes (25.0) % (8.8) % Income tax expense (6.0) % (1.8) % Equity investment loss — % (0.9) % Net loss (19.0) % (7.9) % Preferred Stock Dividend — % 1.0 % Net loss available to common stockholders (19.0) % (8.9) % Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022 Revenue For the year ended December 31, 2023, our consolidated revenue was $600.5 million, a decrease of $5.8 million, or 1.0%, compared to $606.3 million in 2022.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, 48% of RU students were enrolled in nursing programs, 19% in health sciences programs, 16% in business programs, with the remainder of students in education, technology, design and justice studies programs.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, 40% of RU students were enrolled in nursing programs, 23% in health sciences programs, 17% in business programs, with the remainder of students in education, technology, design and justice studies programs.
For additional information regarding the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and a discussion of the potential for future impairment charges for goodwill and intangible assets, please refer to the discussion in “Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Stock-based compensation.
For additional information regarding the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and a discussion of the potential for future impairment charges for goodwill and intangible assets, please refer to the discussion in “Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Loss on assets held for sale.
Net course registrations at APUS increased 1.5% to approximately 350,400 in 2022 compared to the 2021 period. The increase in net course registrations was primarily due to an increase in military related registrations from students utilizing TA, which generate a lower revenue per registration.
Net course registrations at APUS increased 4.9% to approximately 367,600 in 2023 compared to the 2022 period. The increase in net course registrations was primarily due to an increase in military related registrations from students utilizing TA, which generate a lower revenue per registration.
We recorded expenses for termination benefits related to the workforce reductions in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. Our Initiatives.
The cost savings noted above do not include expenses associated with employee severance benefits. We recorded expenses for termination benefits related to the workforce reductions in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. 87 Our Initiatives.
For more information on the timing and amount of our future lease obligations, please refer to “Note 7. Leases” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Other purchase obligations As of December 31, 2022, we had other purchase obligations of $14.7 million, with $8.3 million payable in 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, we had lease payment obligations of $149.1 million, with $18.5 million payable in 2024. For more information on the timing and amount of our future lease obligations, please refer to “Note 8. Leases” included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
Tuition revenue varies from period to period based on the aggregate number of students attending courses and the number of courses students are attending during the period, the student payor source, the mix of programs that students are attending during the period, the number of students starting courses each month during the period, and the timing of course starts each month or term.
Tuition revenue varies from period to period based on the number of students enrolled at our institutions, the number of and types of courses that students take, student payor source, the mix of programs students attend, the number of students starting courses each month during the period, and the timing of course starts each month or term.
For more information on our competition and its potential impacts, please refer to “Business – Our Market and Competition – Competition” in this Annual Report. ArmyIgnitED.
For more information on our competition and its potential impacts, please refer to “Business – Our Market and Competition – Competition” in this Annual Report. “90/10 Rule” Compliance and Delayed Billing.
Additionally, on November 2, 2022, we completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of 98 non-faculty employees and the elimination of 78 open positions across a variety of roles and departments representing approximately 5.8% of our non-faculty workforce.
In the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of 98 non-faculty employees and the elimination of 78 open positions across a variety of roles and departments at APEI, APUS, RU and HCN representing approximately 5.8% of our non-faculty workforce.
The TPPPA continues the growth restrictions that ED imposed as a result of RU’s previous March 2019 change in ownership, including limitations on new programs and locations, and an enrollment cap, until after ED reviews and accepts financial statements and compliance audits that cover complete fiscal periods of RU’s Title IV participation under our ownership.
The TPPPA continued the growth restrictions that ED 88 imposed as a result of RU’s March 2019 change in ownership and control, which was prior to our acquisition of RU, including limitations on new programs and locations, and an enrollment cap, until after ED reviewed and accepted financial statements and compliance audits that cover complete fiscal periods of RU’s Title IV participation under our ownership.
Income from operations before interest and income taxes was approximately $58.5 million in 2022, an increase of $7.4 million, or 14.5%, compared to the 2021 period. The increase in income from operations before interest and income taxes is due to the changes in revenue and expenses discussed above.
Income from operations before interest and income taxes was approximately $84.4 million in 2023, an increase of $26.0 million, or 44.4%, compared to the 2022 period. The increase in income from operations before interest and income taxes is due to the changes in revenue and expenses discussed above.
The assessment concluded that due to our RU Segment under performance when compared to the 2022 internal targets, enrollment declines in the second quarter 2022, projected enrollment trends, the decline in financial performance projected for the remainder of 2022, and our decline in market value and that of comparable companies, it was more likely than not that the fair value of our RU Segment was less than its carrying value.
The assessment concluded that due to our RU Segment underperformance when compared to the 2023 internal targets, projected enrollment trends, the decline in financial performance projected for the remainder of 2023 as compared to prior projections, and our market value, it was more likely than not that the fair value of our RU Segment was 93 less than its carrying value.
The disruption to Army TA and resulting decreases in Army registrations had an adverse impact on registrations and revenue, profits and cash flow for the quarters ending June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2021.
The disruption to Army TA and resulting decreases in Army registrations had an adverse impact on registrations and revenue, profits and cash flow in the second and third quarters of 2021.
We recorded $217.4 million of goodwill in our RU Segment in connection with the RU acquisition and $38.6 million of goodwill in our HCN Segment in connection with the HCN acquisition. There was no goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of GSUSA reported in Corporate and Other, and there is no goodwill in our APUS Segment.
There was no goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of GSUSA reported in Corporate and Other, and there is no goodwill in our APUS Segment.
There are no indefinite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually, and more frequently if events and circumstances exist that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually, and more frequently if events and circumstances exist that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The process of evaluating goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment is subjective and requires significant judgment and estimates.
We proceeded with a quantitative impairment test as of May 31, 2022. As a result, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $131.4 million, and to reflect the corresponding tax impact, to reduce the carrying value of the RU Segment goodwill.
As a result of these assessments, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $131.4 million, and to reflect the corresponding tax impact, in the second quarter of 2022, to reduce the carrying value of the RU Segment goodwill.
As of December 31, 2022, the embedded features identified for bifurcation were determined to have minimal or no value and therefore deemed to not be material to the financial statements.
We engaged an independent valuation firm to assist with the evaluation at issuance. As of December 31, 2022, the embedded features identified for bifurcation were determined to have minimal or no value and therefore deemed to not be material to the financial statements.
We expect to continue to fund our costs and expenses through cash generated from operations. For more on our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations, please refer to “Contractual Obligations” in this Annual report.
We have historically financed operating activities and capital expenditures with cash provided by operating activities. We expect to continue to fund our costs and expenses through cash generated from operations for twelve months and beyond. For more on our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations, please refer to “Contractual Obligations” in this Annual Report.
The reduction in force resulted in $1.4 million and $3.3 million in pre-tax labor and benefit savings in 2021 and 2022, respectively. 78 On January 14, 2022, RU completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of nine full-time faculty members and 19 non-faculty employees across a variety of roles and departments at RU, representing approximately 3.0% of RU’s full-time faculty workforce, and 2.1% of RU’s non-faculty workforce.
In the first quarter of 2022, RU completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of nine full-time faculty members and 19 non-faculty employees across a variety of roles and departments at RU, representing approximately 3.0% of RU’s full-time faculty workforce, and 2.1% of RU’s non-faculty workforce.
We incurred approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax cash expenses associated with employee severance benefits as a result of this reduction in force.
We incurred approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax cash expenses associated with employee severance costs as a result of this reduction in force. The reduction in force resulted in approximately $1.4 million in pre-tax labor and benefit savings in 2021.
Our selling and promotional expenses are generally affected by the cost of advertising media, the efficiency of our selling efforts, salaries and benefits for our selling and admissions personnel, the level of expenditures for advertising initiatives for new and existing academic programs, and costs incurred in connection with the third-party contract at RU.
Our selling and promotional expenses are generally affected by the cost of advertising media, the efficiency of our selling efforts, salaries and benefits for our selling and admissions personnel, and the level of expenditures for advertising initiatives for new and existing academic programs. 91 General and administrative expenses.
Stock-based compensation costs include accelerated expense for retirement-eligible employees and performance stock unit incentive costs. 88 The table below reflects our stock-based compensation expense recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income included in our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended 2021 and 2022 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2021 2022 Instructional costs and services $ 1,480 $ 1,254 Selling and promotional 771 823 General and administrative 5,403 5,932 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 7,654 $ 8,009 Interest income (expense).
The table below reflects our stock-based compensation expense recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Income included in our Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended 2022 and 2023 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 Instructional costs and services $ 1,254 $ 895 Selling and promotional 823 490 General and administrative 5,932 6,355 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 8,009 $ 7,740 Interest expense, net.
Upon a change of control, default, non-compliance event or liquidation event an increased dividend rate is applicable, and dependent on timing, an early premium may be applicable, but the Series A Senior Preferred Stock is not mandatorily redeemable.
Upon a change of control, default, non-compliance event or liquidation event an increased dividend rate is applicable, and dependent on timing, an early premium may be applicable, but the Series A Senior Preferred Stock is not mandatorily redeemable. 94 We evaluated the Series A Senior Preferred Stock at issuance for the embedded derivative features and the potential need for bifurcation under ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging- Embedded Derivatives .
Values derived under the three valuation methods are then weighted to estimate RU and HCN’s enterprise values. If we determine that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we then calculate the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill as compared to its carrying amount to determine the appropriate impairment charge.
If we determine that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we then calculate the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill as compared to its carrying amount to determine the appropriate impairment charge.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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Treasury bills with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Market Risk We had no material derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments as of December 31, 2022. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts, money market funds, and short-term U.S. Treasury bills. The bank deposits exceed federally insured limits.
Treasury bills with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Market Risk We had no material derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments as of December 31, 2023. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts, money market funds, and short-term U.S. Treasury bills. The bank deposits exceed federally insured limits.
In the normal course of business, we employ established policies and procedures to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. For every 100 basis points increase in LIBOR, we would incur an incremental $1.0 million in interest expense per year, excluding any impact offset from the interest rate cap agreement.
In the normal course of business, we employ established policies and procedures to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. For every 100 basis points increase in Term SOFR, we would incur an incremental $1.0 million in interest expense per year, excluding any impact offset from the interest rate cap agreement.
To reduce our exposure to market risks from increases in interest rates on our variable rate indebtedness we entered into a hedging arrangement in the form of an interest rate cap agreement. The interest rate cap agreement provides us with interest rate protection in the event the LIBOR rate increases above 95 2% and has a January 2025 termination date.
To reduce our exposure to market risks from increases in interest rates on our variable rate indebtedness we entered into a hedging arrangement in the form of an interest rate cap agreement. The new interest rate cap agreement, as further discussed in “Note 9.
Removed
As of December 31, 2022, the interest rate cap agreement hedged $87.5 million of principal under the Term Loan. 96
Added
Long-Term Debt” included in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report, provides us with interest rate protection in the event the one-month Term SOFR rate increases above 1.78% and has a December 31, 2024 termination date. As of December 31, 2023, the interest rate cap agreement hedged $87.5 million of principal under our term loan. 104

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