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What changed in ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL CORP.'s 10-K2022 vs 2023

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Paragraph-level year-over-year comparison of ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL CORP.'s 2022 and 2023 10-K annual filings, covering the Business, Risk Factors, Legal Proceedings, Cybersecurity, MD&A and Market Risk sections. Every new, removed and edited paragraph is highlighted side-by-side so you can see exactly what management changed in the 2023 report.

+167 added170 removedSource: 10-K (2024-04-10) vs 10-K (2023-03-16)

Top changes in ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL CORP.'s 2023 10-K

167 paragraphs added · 170 removed · 89 edited across 5 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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Biggest changeWe plan to expand these revenues from recurring and prospective clients by the following key strategies: Provide the scientific community with a combination of research services and instrumentation to serve markets that we believe are inadequately addressed by existing technologies. Assist in the development of new classes of RNA-based diagnostics tests. Collaborate with researchers to enhance pharmacogenomics and biomarker discovery. Support drug developers seeking a better understanding of the side effects of their new drugs. Continue to innovate and develop new aspects of our products and technology, applications and instrumentation through scientific collaborations, including grants. Leverage our expertise and the broad applicability of our tSMS platform to grow into new markets through strategic collaborations, partnerships, existing data sets, and customers. Maintain a strong culture and network of technical resources while continuously attracting new talent to build an industry leading single molecule solutions company. 12 Our Customers and Collaborators Our customer base is focused on academic research, biomarker discovery, and molecular diagnostic product development.
Biggest changeWe plan to expand these revenues from recurring and prospective clients by the following key strategies: Provide the scientific community with a combination of research services and instrumentation to serve markets that we believe are inadequately addressed by existing technologies. Continue to innovate and develop new aspects of our products and technology, applications and instrumentation through scientific collaborations, including grants. Leverage our expertise and the broad applicability of our tSMS platform to grow into new markets through strategic collaborations, partnerships, existing data sets, and customers. Maintain a strong culture and network of technical resources while continuously attracting new talent to build an industry leading single molecule solutions company.
The platform then captures the material on a glass surface and uses a patented fluorescence-based optical detection apparatus combined with a precision microfluidics system to perform a sequencing-by-synthesis reaction on the input sample. The single molecule fluorescence signal from millions of individual strands is captured by images using a high-sensitivity camera during multiple cycles of nucleotide incorporation.
The platform then captures the material on a glass surface and uses a patented fluorescence-based optical detection apparatus combined with a precision microfluidics system to perform a sequencing-by-synthesis reaction on the input sample. 4 The single molecule fluorescence signal from millions of individual strands is captured by images using a high-sensitivity camera during multiple cycles of nucleotide incorporation.
The ability to count each individual molecule, combined with simplified sample preparation and greater sample sensitivity, yields an accurate quantitative representation of sample in the final data. Our technology has been demonstrated to produce robust accurate short-reads for a variety of applications. 5 Seamless Flexibility . Our tSMS platform provides flexibility in two main aspects throughput and applications.
The ability to count each individual molecule, combined with simplified sample preparation and greater sample sensitivity, yields an accurate quantitative representation of sample in the final data. Our technology has been demonstrated to produce robust accurate short-reads for a variety of applications. Seamless Flexibility . Our tSMS platform provides flexibility in two main aspects throughput and applications.
The simplified sample preparation allows for analysis of any genetic material that can be attached to a glass surface. Our Gene Sequencing Methodology The patented tSMS technology is the essence of our tSMS platform. The gene sequencing methodology takes genetic material as input and produces sequence data as an output through sequentially processing the following five major steps. 1.
The simplified sample preparation allows for analysis of any genetic material that can be attached to a glass surface. 6 Our Gene Sequencing Methodology The patented tSMS technology is the essence of our tSMS platform. The gene sequencing methodology takes genetic material as input and produces sequence data as an output through sequentially processing the following five major steps. 1.
None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced any work stoppage. We believe we have good relations with our employees. Properties and Facilities On February 2, 2022, we entered into a new lease agreement for approximately 15,538 square feet of corporate office and laboratory space in Billerica, Massachusetts.
None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced any work stoppage. We believe we have good relations with our employees. Properties and Facilities On February 2, 2022, we entered into a lease agreement for approximately 15,538 square feet of corporate office and laboratory space in Billerica, Massachusetts.
The simplicity of our sample preparation workflow and its effect on the output data variance, compared to NGS data produced by an Illumina system, is illustrated in Figure 2 below. [ van den Oever et. al. (Clinical Chemistry, April 2012) ]. Figure 2. tSMS vs Amplification-based Technologies Workflow Greater Sensitivity .
The simplicity of our sample preparation workflow and its effect on the output data variance, compared to NGS data produced by an Illumina system, is illustrated in Figure 2 below. [ van den Oever et. al. (Clinical Chemistry, April 2012) ]. Figure 2. tSMS vs Amplification-based Technologies Workflow 5 Greater Sensitivity .
In sequencing, this is known as the “read length.” 5. Data processing : The image analysis computer analyzes the series of images from each cycle and determines the sequence of bases in the template strand.
In sequencing, this is known as the “read length.” 8 5. Data processing : The image analysis computer analyzes the series of images from each cycle and determines the sequence of bases in the template strand.
This knowledge is essential to the continued development of new approaches and breakthroughs in genomic medicine that address critical concerns relating to today’s precision medicine efforts. 11 Our strategy is to integrate our tSMS platform with the development of novel applications across multiple market segments, and to generate revenue through partnership-specific systems and sequencing kit sales, research services and research grants.
This knowledge is essential to the continued development of new approaches and breakthroughs in genomic medicine that address critical concerns relating to today’s precision medicine efforts. 12 Our strategy is to integrate our tSMS platform with the development of novel applications across multiple market segments, and to generate revenue through partnership-specific systems and sequencing kit sales, research services and research grants.
BMC Med Genomics . 2020]. Further studies offer the opportunity for validating future diagnostics applications. 10 Figure 4. Biomarker Discovery in ADHD using tSMS RNA-seq Microbiome analysis: Microbial communities in and on the body show uniform bacterial diversity in healthy individuals. Drugs and diet can disrupt the microbial diversity, and thereby can affect disease progression and treatment efficacy.
BMC Med Genomics . 2020]. Further studies offer the opportunity for validating future diagnostics applications. Figure 4. Biomarker Discovery in ADHD using tSMS RNA-seq 11 Microbiome analysis: Microbial communities in and on the body show uniform bacterial diversity in healthy individuals. Drugs and diet can disrupt the microbial diversity, and thereby can affect disease progression and treatment efficacy.
The flow cell is moved in sequential steps to allow the camera to cover its entire active area. The dye molecules are then cleaved and washed away. 6 4. tSMS sequencing-by-synthesis : a. Synthesis : DNA polymerase enzyme and the first of the four types of novel fluorescently labelled nucleotides are added.
The flow cell is moved in sequential steps to allow the camera to cover its entire active area. The dye molecules are then cleaved and washed away. 7 4. tSMS sequencing-by-synthesis : a. Synthesis : DNA polymerase enzyme and the first of the four types of novel fluorescently labelled nucleotides are added.
The major consumers of the NGS include academic and government institutes, hospitals and medical centers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, non-profit research organizations and agrigenomics organizations. 9 Introduction of new technologies and products, while positive to the overall development of these markets, may result in greater competition for the limited financial resources available.
The major consumers of the NGS include academic and government institutes, hospitals and medical centers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, non-profit research organizations and agrigenomics organizations. 10 Introduction of new technologies and products, while positive to the overall development of these markets, may result in greater competition for the limited financial resources available.
Our success depends in part on obtaining patent protection for our products and processes, preserving trade secrets, patents, copyrights and trademarks, operating without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties, and acquiring licenses for technology or products. 17 Employees As of December 31, 2022, we had seven employees.
Our success depends in part on obtaining patent protection for our products and processes, preserving trade secrets, patents, copyrights and trademarks, operating without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties, and acquiring licenses for technology or products. 17 Employees As of December 31, 2023, we had seven employees.
All of the flow cells and reagent kits are barcoded, so the sequencer can scan and store the barcodes as a part of the experiment setup procedure. 8 2. Sample Loader : The sample loader facilitates loading the billions of tailed single strands onto the glass surface of the standard 25 channel flow cell.
All of the flow cells and reagent kits are barcoded, so the sequencer can scan and store the barcodes as a part of the experiment setup procedure. 9 2. Sample Loader : The sample loader facilitates loading the billions of tailed single strands onto the glass surface of the standard 25 channel flow cell.
We have two pending patent applications, one filed in 2021 and the other filed in 2022. We received a Notice of Allowance regarding our previous patent application 15/754.222. In October 2022, the USPTO notified us that the related patent term adjustment was 779 days.
We have one pending patent applications filed in 2021. We received a Notice of Allowance regarding our previous patent application 15/754.222. In October 2022, the USPTO notified us that the related patent term adjustment was 779 days.
Three Priority Areas of Research and Development Our target customers are consumers of NGS products and services engaged in research activities and the development of new or improved products, such as academic and government institutions, hospitals and medical centers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and non-profit research organizations.
Our target customers are consumers of NGS products and services engaged in research activities and the development of new or improved products, such as academic and government institutions, hospitals and medical centers, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and non-profit research organizations.
We published multiple manuscripts in 2022, including “H3-K27M-mutant nucleosomes interact with MLLI to shape the glioma epigenetic landscape” in Cell Reports and “Multiplexed, single-molecule, epigenetic analysis of plasma-isolated nucleosomes for cancer diagnostics” in “Nature Biotechnology. We have provided the Weizmann Institute with access to prototype sequencing systems, sequencing kits, and sample preparation methodologies. 13 True Bearing Diagnostics, Inc.
We published multiple manuscripts in 2022, including “H3-K27M-mutant nucleosomes interact with MLLI to shape the glioma epigenetic landscape” in Cell Reports and “Multiplexed, single-molecule, epigenetic analysis of plasma-isolated nucleosomes for cancer diagnostics” in “Nature Biotechnology. We have provided the Weizmann Institute with access to prototype sequencing systems, sequencing kits, and sample preparation methodologies.
We will look to increase industry visibility and expand our reach globally for both sequencing services and instrument sales through strategic customer relationships and partnerships with larger organizations that can increase global support, supply and distribution. Through those partnerships, we plan to identify new, high-value, cutting-edge applications that are uniquely enabled by our amplification-free, direct DNA and RNA sequencing technology.
We will look to increase industry visibility and expand our reach globally for both sequencing services and instrument sales through strategic customer relationships and partnerships with larger organizations that can increase global support, supply and distribution. Through those partnerships, we plan to also identify new, high-value, cutting-edge applications that are uniquely enabled by our tSMS platform.
The sequence data is packaged in standard sequencing data formats for further bioinformatics analysis. 7 Our True Single Molecule Sequencer (tSMS) Described above is our gene sequencing methodology using our tSMS single molecule sequencing platform. It combines a simplified operation with powerful capabilities to directly sequence original samples of RNA and DNA consisting of major components: 1.
Our True Single Molecule Sequencer (tSMS) Described above is our gene sequencing methodology using our tSMS single molecule sequencing platform. It combines a simplified operation with powerful capabilities to directly sequence original samples of RNA and DNA consisting of major components: 1.
The sequence is “read” by correlating the position of a fluorescent molecule in its vertical track with the knowledge of which base was added at that cycle.
The sequence is “read” by correlating the position of a fluorescent molecule in its vertical track with the knowledge of which base was added at that cycle. The sequence data is packaged in standard sequencing data formats for further bioinformatics analysis.
Our system still requires isolation and preparation of DNA or RNA samples; however, our system is adaptable to most purification and preparation kits and techniques that are currently available in the market and no additional or special steps are required to prepare the samples for sequencing. 4 The single molecule resolution of the sequence data in association with a sub-100 nucleotide base read length positions our platform as the only short-read single molecule sequencer commercially available in the market.
Our system still requires isolation and preparation of DNA or RNA samples; however, our system is adaptable to most purification and preparation kits and techniques that are currently available in the market and no additional or special steps are required to prepare the samples for sequencing.
The DNA strands are cut in shorter sizes, converted into single strands, and then tagged with a universal surface capture primer. By avoiding the complex multi-step library preparation method, the sample integrity is preserved, and the bias and errors in the sequence data output exhibited by other methods are avoided.
By avoiding the complex multi-step library preparation method, the sample integrity is preserved, and the bias and errors in the sequence data output exhibited by other methods are avoided.
Under this CRADA, SeqLL and the FBI Laboratory Division (FBI LD) will seek to evaluate and determine the forensic capabilities of direct RNA sequencing using our tSMS platform. The FBI LD and SeqLL will collaborate with a goal of producing an assay for forensic body fluid identification, without compromising traditional STR or DNA sequence analysis.
The FBI LD and SeqLL will collaborate with a goal of producing an assay for forensic body fluid identification, without compromising traditional STR or DNA sequence analysis. This agreement is among the first times the FBI is utilizing the CRADA mechanism to further develop laboratory capabilities.
The amplification-based short-read technologies are already helping the scientists in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapeutics. By giving the short-read technology the power of single molecule resolution, we believe our tSMS technology offers critical advantages over existing technologies, including: Minimal Sample Preparation . Our tSMS platform offers a simple sample preparation process.
By giving the short-read technology the power of single molecule resolution, we believe our tSMS technology offers critical advantages over existing technologies, including: Minimal Sample Preparation . Our tSMS platform offers a simple sample preparation process. The DNA strands are cut in shorter sizes, converted into single strands, and then tagged with a universal surface capture primer.
We developed a prototype system in the second half of 2021 and utilized this system for sample testing and data generation in 2022. Weizmann Institute of Science In partnership with the laboratory of Efrat Shema, Ph.D., we have recently developed and applied innovative single-molecule technologies to gain a deeper understanding of chromatin regulation.
CRADAs enable the sharing of resources and expertise for collaborative research that advances the FBI mission. Body fluid identification can provide investigative context and have probative value. 13 Weizmann Institute of Science In partnership with the laboratory of Efrat Shema, Ph.D., we have recently developed and applied innovative single-molecule technologies to gain a deeper understanding of chromatin regulation.
We often collaborate with customers to drive innovation in the field of genomic sciences through grant funded research activities. Our key collaborators and our current activities are highlighted below: U.S. Department of Justice’s Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) In February, we announced the establishment of a two-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the FBI.
A significant portion of the funding for these developing technologies has historically come from research grants provided by government agencies and non-profit research centers. We often collaborate with customers to drive innovation in the field of genomic sciences through grant funded research activities. Our key collaborators and our current activities are highlighted below: U.S.
Future Products We expect to partner or collaborate with biotech and pharma companies to develop a clinical-grade tSMS sequencer for use with one or more diagnostic tests.
Future Products We expect to partner or collaborate with biotech and pharma companies to develop a clinical-grade diagnostic tests. We intend for our partners to commercialize these diagnostic or forensic tests for applications liquid biopsy for oncology applications, microbiome analysis, and transcriptome-based diagnostics for cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and others.
These customers over the years have produced scientific achievements through collaborative research efforts. The majority of our current customers are early adopters of genomics technology including tSMS. A significant portion of the funding for these developing technologies has historically come from research grants provided by government agencies and non-profit research centers.
Our Customers and Collaborators Our customer base is focused on academic research, biomarker discovery, and molecular diagnostic product development. These customers over the years have produced scientific achievements through collaborative research efforts. Our current customers are early adopters of genomics technology including tSMS.
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Figure 6 below summarizes three priority areas of research and development for current and potential collaborations. Figure 6.
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The single molecule resolution of the sequence data in association with a sub-100 nucleotide base read length positions our platform as the only short-read single molecule sequencer commercially available in the market. The amplification-based short-read technologies are already helping the scientists in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapeutics.
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This agreement is among the first times the FBI is utilizing the CRADA mechanism to further develop laboratory capabilities. CRADAs enable the sharing of resources and expertise for collaborative research that advances the FBI mission. Body fluid identification can provide investigative context and have probative value.
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Department of Justice’s Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) In February 2023, we announced the establishment of a two-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the FBI. Under this CRADA, SeqLL and the FBI Laboratory Division (FBI LD) will seek to evaluate and determine the forensic capabilities of direct RNA sequencing using our tSMS platform.
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The Bernstein Laboratory We have worked closely with the lab of Bradley Bernstein, M.D., Ph.D., Chair of Cancer Biology at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School to address fundamental questions in chromatin biology and epigenetic regulation. Dr. Bernstein is also the founder and Director of the Broad Institute Epigenomics Program.
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Proposed Merger with Lyneer Investments LLC Overview We have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated May 29, 2023, as amended, pursuant to which our wholly-owned subsidiary, SeqLL Merger LLC (“SeqLL Merger Sub”), will merge (the “Merger”) with and into Lyneer Investments LLC (“Lyneer”), with Lyneer continuing as our wholly-owned subsidiary.
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Scientists from the Broad Institute have used antibody-based detection coupled with tSMS to begin decoding a dual-marking system in modified histones that signals for a gene to be activated or repressed. Early results, published in Science , suggest differentiated cells exhibit different patterns of “bivalent” markings than embryonic cells.
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In connection with the consummation of the Merger, we will sell our existing assets, other than cash and cash equivalents, which will be distributed to our pre-Merger stockholders in connection with the Merger, to a newly-formed company owned by our current employees and management, for nominal consideration, and our continuing business operations will be those of Lyneer.
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Our collaboration encompasses technology development, single-cell RNA and DNA analysis, and the creation of novel intellectual property. In addition to completing NIH grant funded research activities, we have provided Dr. Bernstein with tSMS systems and onsite support. In 2021, we published a single-cell RNA focused technology development manuscript in the Peer-reviewed journal, Cell Report.
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Lyneer, through its operating subsidiaries, primarily Lyneer Staffing Solutions, is a national strategic staffing firm servicing the commercial, professional, finance, direct placement, and managed service provider verticals. The firm was formed under the principles of honesty and integrity, and with the view of becoming the preferred outside employer of choice.
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The Ting Laboratory We have been a long-time research collaborator with David Ting, M.D., Assistant Professor, Medicine at Harvard Medical School and a leading member at the Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center in using tSMS to better understand cancer. His research is focused on the role of non-coding RNA transcription in cancer as it relates to tumorigenesis and as novel biomarkers.
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Since its formation in 1995, Lyneer has grown from a regional operation to a national staffing firm with offices and geographic reach across the United States. Lyneer’s management believes, based on their knowledge of the industry, that Lyneer is one of the prominent and leading staffing firms in the ever-evolving staffing industry.
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In this research area, the Ting Laboratory was first to discover aberrant overexpression of pericentromeric RNA repeats by RNA-seq using tSMS, which were found to play a significant role in pancreatic cancer and other epithelial cancers [Bersani, PNAS , December 2015].
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Lyneer, headquartered in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, has over 100 total locations and approximately 300 internal employees. Its management also believes that Lyneer is an industry leader in permanent, temporary and temp-to-perm placement services in a wide variety of areas, including, but not limited to, accounting & finance, administrative & clerical, hospitality, IT, legal, light industrial and medical fields.
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This discovery resulted in new intellectual property related to pancreatic cancer biomarkers and the subsequent founding of Rome Therapeutics, an early-stage company focused on unlocking the repeatome to discover powerful new classes of medicines for cancer and autoimmune diseases. We have provided Dr. Ting with tSMS systems and onsite support, research services, and access to sample preparation methodologies.
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Its deep expertise and extensive experience have helped world class companies revolutionize their operations, resulting in greater efficiency and streamlined processes. Its comprehensive suite of solutions covers all aspects of workforce management, from recruitment and hiring to time and attendance tracking, scheduling, performance management, and predictive analytics.
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The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Led by Chia-Lin Wei, Ph.D. with The Jackson Laboratory (“JAX”) and supported by a recent four-year, $2.3 million grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, we are assisting in the development of new methods for chromatin interaction analysis in single nuclei, with single-molecule resolution.
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Lyneer takes a personalized approach to each client, working closely with them to understand their unique needs and develop a tailored roadmap for success. In addition, Lyneer offers a comprehensive range of recruiting services, including temporary and permanent staffing, within the light industrial, administrative, and financial sectors.
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JAX has stated that preliminary results indicate that, once fully developed, the methods under development have the potential to exceed previous methodologies and to revolutionize the field of three-dimensional (“3D”) genome biology.
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Its services are designed to meet each client’s needs, including payroll services and vendor management services/managed service provider solutions. Its extensive network of offices and onsite operations provide local support for its clients, while its national presence gives Lyneer the resources to tackle even the most complex staffing needs.
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Our research grant efforts, including instrument prototype and sequencing kit development, are continuing and will focus on generating genome-wide, single-molecule chromatin interaction maps in a variety of biological systems and uncovering the structural detail of multiplex chromatin loci that are currently unresolvable given standard NGS.
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With a focus on integrity, transparency and customer service and a commitment to results, we believe Lyneer has earned a reputation as one of the premier workforce solutions partners in the United States. Business Model and Acquisition Strategy Atlantic Acquisition Corp.
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We have participated in a research collaboration with Timothy McCaffrey, Ph.D. of The George Washington University’s Center of Genomic Medicine and True Bearing Diagnostics, Inc, performing tSMS on whole-blood RNA to identify transcripts associated with coronary artery disease (“CAD”).
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(“Atlantic”) was formed in Delaware on October 6, 2022 as a special purpose vehicle to acquire control of a public company such as our company. The management team of Atlantic, which will become the management of our company upon consummation of the Merger, has over 150 combined years of specific corporate management and investment banking experience.
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In comparison to other platforms that include NGS technologies, only our tSMS platform could consistently identify the novel mRNA signature in CAD patients. We believe this collaboration will provide the blueprint for a diagnostic test that could significantly reduce the more than one million U.S. catheterizations that are performed annually at a cost of approximately $20 billion per year.
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Atlantic’s business strategy for our company is based upon Lyneer being a high-growth U.S.-based outsourced services and workforce solutions company with management who have a more than 25-year operating record.
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A scientific manuscript detailing biomarker discovery efforts for CAD was published in a 2021 peer reviewed journal. We have provided True Bearing Diagnostics with research services and access to sample preparation methodologies. Potential future work includes the development of a CAD-focused clinical system for regulatory clearance. Tetracore, Inc.
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Based on their knowledge of the industry, Atlantic’s management believes that through their mergers and acquisitions strategy, they can build our company into a global staffing organization that redefines the way companies grow professional teams. Its mission is to leverage new technologies and business partnerships to create streamlined hiring processes that resolve the challenges of modern day employment economics.
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Tetracore, Inc. focuses on antibody-based and nucleic acid-based detection reagents and technologies, and contracts with the U.S. Government for the development of real-time PCR diagnostic tests for biological warfare threat agents, novel nucleic acid extraction procedures, and specialized nucleic acid products. We have provided Tetracore with tSMS systems and onsite support.
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Accordingly, Atlantic’s management is actively engaged in discussions and negotiations with multiple acquisition targets that complement Atlantic’s core business strategy. In addition, following the Merger, our strategic direction will be enhanced by a program that will extend Lyneer’s breadth of services to its broad national reach in a number of complementary areas.
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We are actively preparing applications for submission to the NIH, DARPA and other funding agencies regarding the use of our technology in the development and production of detection tools. These potential products, including non-NGS applications, are for clinical, animal health, and domestic preparedness testing.
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Atlantic has identified and is focusing on a number of high-demand fields, in particular, the medical, legal and financial services fields.
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We intend for our partners to commercialize diagnostic tests for applications for which the tSMS platform offers accurate diagnostic capability, such as non-invasive prenatal testing for early pregnancy and high-body-mass-index-mothers, liquid biopsy for oncology applications, microbiome analysis, and transcriptome-based diagnostics for cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and others.
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Atlantic is in the process of investigating a number of opportunities for acquisitions by us of staffing companies that operate in these identified sectors. 18 Atlantic’s corporate acquisition strategy is premised on the seamless consolidation and integration of technology and back-office infrastructure, coupled with performance improvements and value creation.
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The accuracy, sensitivity and simplicity of the tSMS platform allows the technology to be applied for developing assays and instruments used for quality control of manufactured therapeutic products, including gene therapy and vaccine technologies. We plan to explore commercial-stage partnerships with therapeutics companies interested in accessing our tSMS platform.
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Its core thesis is designed to allow us to assist our client companies in the transformation of stagnation into growth to achieve sustainable results through their most important asset: people.
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Atlantic’s goal is to create for us a business designed to deliver to our clients targeted industry talent at speed and scale while also growing the pool of in-demand talent for this same constituency. Lyneer’s recruiters will provide specific and data-driven guidance, development, training, and access to jobs.
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Atlantic believes this approach is particularly applicable in several growth sectors, including legal and financial services, technology, and healthcare. The current climate of industry fragmentation and overall economic uncertainty create a moment that Atlantic believes is ripe for strategic consolidation.
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After the closing of the Merger, Atlantic intends to cause us to aggressively engage in this “M&A” strategy and to take advantage of the synergies and opportunities created by this congruence of events. By advantageously augmenting Lyneer’s existing significant capabilities through acquisition, Atlantic believes we will be able to create material margin improvement.
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Atlantic currently has a robust pipeline of potential acquisition targets for our company and is in negotiations and discussions with outsourced services and workforce solutions acquisition targets in key service verticals. Management of Atlantic believes that multiple targets in the $100,000,000 revenue range are readily available for acquisition by us within a short period of time.
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However, Atlantic does not currently have any binding agreements, arrangements or understandings concerning any potential acquisition. By implementing Atlantic’s detailed acquisition strategy, Atlantic’s management believes we will be able to rapidly accelerate the growth of our company, thus increasing and maximizing shareholder value.
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Atlantic’s management plans to pursue “cornerstone acquisitions” focusing on targets with robust profits, diverse client bases, large national/large regional coverage in contract/permanent staffing, executive search, recruitment process, and outsourcing. In order to meet such management’s “cornerstone acquisition” criterion, a company should have over $50,000,000 in revenue and EBITDA margins of no less than 10%.
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In addition, Atlantic’s management plans to pursue “tuck-in” acquisitions with a focus on acquiring high-margin niche staffing companies that can benefit from the synergies of a larger organization with increased penetration. Under its “tuck-in” program, Atlantic’s management intends to acquire smaller profitable companies in business segments consistent with its larger anchor organizations.
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Post-Merger, Atlantic’s management plans to integrate companies and maximize synergies and economics to improve our sales and lower operating costs, while, at the same time, continuing to focus and expand on its acquisition strategy of high-margin profitable outsourced services and workforce solution providers.
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The Merger On May 29, 2023, we, SeqLL Merger Sub, Atlantic, Atlantic Merger LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a majority-owned subsidiary of Atlantic (“Atlantic Merger Sub”), Lyneer, IDC Technologies, Inc., a California corporation (“IDC”), and Lyneer Management Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Lyneer Management”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (as amended, the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which (i) Atlantic Merger Sub will be merged with and into Lyneer, with Lyneer continuing as the surviving entity and as an approximately 44%-owned subsidiary of Atlantic, an approximately 50%-owned subsidiary of IDC, and an approximately 6%-owned subsidiary of Lyneer Management (the “Lyneer Merger”), and (ii) SeqLL Merger Sub will subsequently be merged with and into Lyneer, with Lyneer continuing as the surviving entity and as our wholly-owned subsidiary (the “SeqLL Merger”).
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Lyneer, IDC and Atlantic are collectively referred to herein as the “Sellers.” We currently expect the Merger to be consummated in the second quarter of 2024, subject to the satisfaction of certain closing conditions, including our consummation of a public offering of our equity securities in which we receive gross proceeds of $20 million (the “Public Offering”), of which there can be no assurance.
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At the effective time of the Merger, in consideration of 100% of the membership interests of Lyneer, we will (i) pay to IDC and Lyneer Management an aggregate of $16,250,000 in cash (the “Cash Consideration”), (ii) issue to (a) IDC and Lyneer Management an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares of our common stock and (b) to Atlantic 300,000 shares of our common stock, in each case assuming a public offering price of $10.00 per Unit in this Public Offering (the “Stock Consideration”), and (iii) issue to IDC a convertible promissory note (the “Merger Note,” and collectively with the Cash Consideration and the Stock Consideration, the “Merger Consideration”) in the principal amount of $18,750,000 that will mature on July 31, 2024.
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The Merger Note will not bear interest and will not be convertible prior to an event of default under the Merger Note.
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If an event of default should occur under the Merger Note, the Merger Note will bear interest at the rate of 7% per annum commencing upon the date of such event of default and will be convertible into shares of our common stock at a price per share that equals then-current market prices, but not less than 80% of the price per share at which our common stock is sold in the Public Offering.
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If the Merger Note is converted into shares of our common stock, IDC will have demand and incidental registration rights with respect to such shares.
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We believe we will have to sell additional equity or debt securities prior to the maturity date of the Merger Note to pay or refinance the Merger Note when due. 19 The Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties from the parties, and each party has agreed to customary covenants applicable to such party, including, among others, covenants relating to (i) the conduct of their respective businesses in the ordinary course prior to the effective time of the Merger and (ii) the requirement of each party to maintain and preserve intact their respective business organizations, assets, properties and material business relations.
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Pursuant to the Merger Agreement as originally executed, we were also required, prior to the closing of the Merger, to declare a cash dividend payable to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 26, 2023, in an amount equal our cash and cash equivalents as of the closing date of the Merger, less any amounts withheld for taxes and certain other obligations as of such date.
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Concurrently with the declaration of such cash dividend, we were also required to declare a stock dividend issuable to such stockholders of an aggregate of number of shares of our common stock that, when added to such value of the outstanding shares of common stock on September 26, 2023, in each case valued at the price per share at which our common stock is sold in the Public Offering, will equal $12 million.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

31 edited+11 added19 removed234 unchanged
Biggest changeHowever, we expect to seek significant future financing, namely to: expand our sales and marketing efforts to further commercialize our products and services; hire additional personnel; add operational, financial and management information systems; pay increased costs as a result of operating as a public company; 21 lease additional laboratory space to accommodate expanded operations and increased human resources; expand our research and development efforts to improve our product offerings and to successfully launch new products; enter into collaboration agreements, if any, or in-license other products and technologies; and seek FDA approval to market our existing products or new products that would be utilized for diagnostic purposes.
Biggest changeHowever, we expect to seek significant future financing, namely to: expand our sales and marketing efforts to further commercialize our products and services; hire additional personnel; add operational, financial and management information systems; expand our research and development efforts to improve our product offerings and to successfully launch new products; enter into collaboration agreements, if any, or in-license other products and technologies; and seek FDA approval to market our existing products or new products that would be utilized for diagnostic purposes. 25 Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including: market acceptance of our products; the cost and timing of establishing additional sales, marketing and distribution capabilities; the cost of our research and development activities; the success of our existing distribution and marketing arrangements and our ability to enter additional arrangements in the future; and the effect of competing technological and market developments.
Our management and other personnel will devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance programs and monitoring of public company reporting obligations and as a result of the new corporate governance and executive compensation related rules, regulations and guidelines prompted by the Dodd-Frank Act and further regulations and disclosure obligations expected in the future, we will likely need to devote additional time and costs to comply with such compliance programs and rules.
Our management and other personnel devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance programs and monitoring of public company reporting obligations and as a result of the new corporate governance and executive compensation related rules, regulations and guidelines prompted by the Dodd-Frank Act and further regulations and disclosure obligations expected in the future, we will likely need to devote additional time and costs to comply with such compliance programs and rules.
Any future collaborations we enter into may pose a number of risks, including the following: collaborators have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply; collaborators may not perform their obligations as expected; collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of any platform or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs or license arrangements based on changes in the collaborators’ strategic focus or available funding, or external factors, such as a strategic transaction that may divert resources or create competing priorities; collaborators may provide insufficient funding for the research program; 32 collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with our sequencing instruments and applications if the collaborators believe that the competitive products are more likely to be successfully developed or can be commercialized under terms that are more economically attractive than ours; biomarkers discovered by our collaborators in collaboration with us may be viewed by our collaborators as competitive with their own products, which may cause collaborators to cease to devote resources to the commercialization of our product; disagreements with collaborators, including disagreements over proprietary rights, contract interpretation or the preferred course of development, might cause delays or terminations of the research, development or commercialization of new products or platforms, might lead to additional responsibilities for us with respect to technology development, or might result in litigation or arbitration, any of which would be time-consuming and expensive; collaborators may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation; collaborators may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may expose us to litigation and potential liability; if a collaborator of ours is involved in a business combination, the collaborator might deemphasize or terminate the development or commercialization of any product licensed to it by us; and collaborations may be terminated by the collaborator, and, if terminated, we could be required to raise additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable sequencing technology.
Any future collaborations we enter into may pose a number of risks, including the following: collaborators have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply; collaborators may not perform their obligations as expected; collaborators may not pursue development and commercialization of any platform or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs or license arrangements based on changes in the collaborators’ strategic focus or available funding, or external factors, such as a strategic transaction that may divert resources or create competing priorities; collaborators may provide insufficient funding for the research program; 36 collaborators could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with our sequencing instruments and applications if the collaborators believe that the competitive products are more likely to be successfully developed or can be commercialized under terms that are more economically attractive than ours; biomarkers discovered by our collaborators in collaboration with us may be viewed by our collaborators as competitive with their own products, which may cause collaborators to cease to devote resources to the commercialization of our product; disagreements with collaborators, including disagreements over proprietary rights, contract interpretation or the preferred course of development, might cause delays or terminations of the research, development or commercialization of new products or platforms, might lead to additional responsibilities for us with respect to technology development, or might result in litigation or arbitration, any of which would be time-consuming and expensive; collaborators may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary information in such a way as to invite litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation; collaborators may infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may expose us to litigation and potential liability; if a collaborator of ours is involved in a business combination, the collaborator might deemphasize or terminate the development or commercialization of any product licensed to it by us; and collaborations may be terminated by the collaborator, and, if terminated, we could be required to raise additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable sequencing technology.
The prices of our common stock or publicly-traded warrants could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, which include: actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results; announcements of technological innovations by us or our competitors; announcements by our customers, partners or suppliers relating directly or indirectly to our products, services or technologies; overall conditions in our industry and market; addition or loss of significant customers; changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products; actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors; announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments or achievement of significant milestones; 33 additions or departures of key personnel; competition from existing products or new products that may emerge; fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us; disputes or other developments related to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters or our ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our technologies; announcement or expectation of additional financing efforts; sales of our common stock or warrants by us or our stockholders; stock price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares; reports, guidance and ratings issued by securities or industry analysts; and general economic and market conditions.
The prices of our common stock or publicly-traded warrants could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, which include: actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results; announcements of technological innovations by us or our competitors; announcements by our customers, partners or suppliers relating directly or indirectly to our products, services or technologies; overall conditions in our industry and market; addition or loss of significant customers; changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products; actual or anticipated changes in our growth rate relative to our competitors; announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments or achievement of significant milestones; 37 additions or departures of key personnel; competition from existing products or new products that may emerge; fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us; disputes or other developments related to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters or our ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our technologies; announcement or expectation of additional financing efforts; sales of our common stock or warrants by us or our stockholders; stock price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares; reports, guidance and ratings issued by securities or industry analysts; and general economic and market conditions.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that: provide for a staggered board of directors; authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 20,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock and up to approximately 80,000,000 shares of authorized but unissued shares of common stock; require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent; specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President; establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder approvals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors; provide that our directors may be removed only for cause; and provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum. 36 These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that: provide for a staggered board of directors; authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 20,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock and up to approximately 80,000,000 shares of authorized but unissued shares of common stock; require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent; specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President; establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder approvals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors; provide that our directors may be removed only for cause; and provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum. 40 These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
For example: we or our licensors might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications or issued patents; we or our licensors might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions; the scope of the patent protection we or our licensors obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our technologies, developing competing products, designing around our patented technologies or independently developing similar or alternative technologies; our and our licensors’ patent applications or patents have been, are and may in the future be, subject to interference, opposition or similar administrative proceedings, which could result in those patent applications failing to issue as patents, those patents being held invalid, or the scope of those patents being substantially reduced; 28 the current assignee of our intellectual property may elect to forego paying maintenance fees, placing us at risk to lose the licensed IP, or the assignee may neglect to enforce the intellectual property we license from them; we or our partners may not adequately protect our trade secrets; we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or the patents of others may limit our freedom to operate and prevent us from commercializing our technology in accordance with our plans.
For example: we or our licensors might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications or issued patents; we or our licensors might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions; the scope of the patent protection we or our licensors obtain may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our technologies, developing competing products, designing around our patented technologies or independently developing similar or alternative technologies; our and our licensors’ patent applications or patents have been, are and may in the future be, subject to interference, opposition or similar administrative proceedings, which could result in those patent applications failing to issue as patents, those patents being held invalid, or the scope of those patents being substantially reduced; 32 the current assignee of our intellectual property may elect to forego paying maintenance fees, placing us at risk to lose the licensed IP, or the assignee may neglect to enforce the intellectual property we license from them; we or our partners may not adequately protect our trade secrets; we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or the patents of others may limit our freedom to operate and prevent us from commercializing our technology in accordance with our plans.
As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses due to our compliance with regulations and disclosure obligations applicable to us, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses due to our compliance with regulations and disclosure obligations applicable to us, including compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq.
The market price of our securities may be volatile, and in the past companies that have experienced volatility in the 2,market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future.
The market price of our securities may be volatile, and in the past companies that have experienced volatility in the, market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future.
Our owned or in-licensed pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued which protect our tSMS platform, or other technologies or which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and applications. 30 Our ability to stop third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing products that infringe our intellectual property will depend in part on our success in obtaining and enforcing patent claims that cover our technology, inventions and improvements.
Our owned or in-licensed pending and future patent applications may not result in patents being issued which protect our tSMS platform, or other technologies or which effectively prevent others from commercializing competitive technologies and applications. 34 Our ability to stop third parties from making, using, selling, offering to sell, or importing products that infringe our intellectual property will depend in part on our success in obtaining and enforcing patent claims that cover our technology, inventions and improvements.
Our failure to further enhance our existing products and to introduce new products to compete effectively could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. 23 Single molecule sequencers are highly complex, have recurring support requirements and could have unknown defects or errors, which may give rise to claims against us or divert application of our resources from other purposes.
Our failure to further enhance our existing products and to introduce new products to compete effectively could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. 27 Single molecule sequencers are highly complex, have recurring support requirements and could have unknown defects or errors, which may give rise to claims against us or divert application of our resources from other purposes.
Because of these fluctuations, it is likely that in some future quarters our operating results will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. 26 Our operations involve the use of hazardous materials, and we must comply with environmental, health and safety laws, which can be expensive and may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Because of these fluctuations, it is likely that in some future quarters our operating results will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. 30 Our operations involve the use of hazardous materials, and we must comply with environmental, health and safety laws, which can be expensive and may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, our licensors may co-own the patent rights we in-license with other third parties with whom we do not have a direct relationship. 31 We could in the future be subject to legal proceedings with third parties who may claim that our products infringe or misappropriate their intellectual property rights. Our products are based on complex, rapidly developing technologies.
In addition, our licensors may co-own the patent rights we in-license with other third parties with whom we do not have a direct relationship. 35 We could in the future be subject to legal proceedings with third parties who may claim that our products infringe or misappropriate their intellectual property rights. Our products are based on complex, rapidly developing technologies.
Furthermore, any approvals that we may obtain can be revoked if safety or efficacy problems develop. 25 We believe we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, however, this could be impacted by the loss of any of our accounting staff, which would adversely affect our business and our stock price.
Furthermore, any approvals that we may obtain can be revoked if safety or efficacy problems develop. 29 We believe we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, however, this could be impacted by the loss of any of our accounting staff, which would adversely affect our business and our stock price.
If we are unable to reduce our manufacturing costs and establish and maintain reliable, high-volume manufacturing suppliers as we scale our operations, our business could be materially harmed. 22 We may be unable to consistently manufacture our instruments and reagents to the necessary specifications or in quantities necessary to meet demand at an acceptable cost.
If we are unable to reduce our manufacturing costs and establish and maintain reliable, high-volume manufacturing suppliers as we scale our operations, our business could be materially harmed. 26 We may be unable to consistently manufacture our instruments and reagents to the necessary specifications or in quantities necessary to meet demand at an acceptable cost.
Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our reputation, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the timeliness with which we report our internal and external operating results. 27 Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.
Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our reputation, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and the timeliness with which we report our internal and external operating results. 31 Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.
Following the expiration and termination of the patents relating to our licensed technology, we may face the development of similar technology from our competitors or other market participants, which could impede our revenue and growth. 29 We may not be able to protect intellectual property and proprietary rights worldwide.
Following the expiration and termination of the patents relating to our licensed technology, we may face the development of similar technology from our competitors or other market participants, which could impede our revenue and growth. 33 We may not be able to protect intellectual property and proprietary rights worldwide.
Any delay or reduction in purchases by potential customers or our inability to forecast fluctuations in demand could harm our future operating results. 24 Delivery of our reagents could be delayed or disrupted by factors beyond our control, and we could lose customers as a result.
Any delay or reduction in purchases by potential customers or our inability to forecast fluctuations in demand could harm our future operating results. 28 Delivery of our reagents could be delayed or disrupted by factors beyond our control, and we could lose customers as a result.
Moreover, any debt we incur must be repaid regardless of our operating results. 18 We are an early, commercial-stage company with a limited operating history. We were incorporated in 2014 and we have had limited sales to date.
Moreover, any debt we incur must be repaid regardless of our operating results. 22 We are an early, commercial-stage company with a limited operating history. We were incorporated in 2014 and we have had limited sales to date.
We may not be able to develop and commercialize new products, or achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts and expenses.
Our research and development efforts are complex and require us to incur substantial expenses. We may not be able to develop and commercialize new products, or achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts and expenses.
We will incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company and our management expects to devote substantial time to public company compliance programs.
We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company and our management has devoted substantial time to public company compliance programs.
This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.
This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock. 38 Our shares have become subject to the penny stock rules, which makes it more difficult to trade our shares.
We are also engaged in substantial and complex research and development efforts, such as Direct RNA Sequencing (DRS™), single cell sequencing, biomarker discovery, and epigenetic modification detection, which, if successful, may result in the introduction of new products in the future. Our research and development efforts are complex and require us to incur substantial expenses.
We have dedicated significant resources to developing sequencing instruments and services. We are also engaged in substantial and complex research and development efforts, such as Direct RNA Sequencing (DRS™), single cell sequencing, biomarker discovery, and epigenetic modification detection, which, if successful, may result in the introduction of new products in the future.
In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq. 35 Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an emerging growth company our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
Because we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards for an emerging growth company our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
On March 1, 2023, our executive officers, directors and 10% stockholders owned 5,918,264 shares of our common stock, or approximately 43% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, based on the number of shares outstanding as of such date.
On April 1, 2024, our executive officers, directors and 10% stockholders owned 147,960 shares of our common stock, or approximately 39% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, based on the number of shares outstanding as of such date.
If the price of our common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock will be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information.
The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information.
We will need to expand our internal capabilities and seek new partnerships or collaborations in order to successfully market, sell and commercialize the sequencing instruments and applications that we have developed in the markets we seek to reach. 19 The pioneer of our tSMS technology, Helicos Biosciences Corporation, was unable to successfully commercialize its tSMS product offerings and there can be no assurance that the business strategy that we have developed and are pursuing to commercialize our tSMS offerings will be successful.
The pioneer of our tSMS technology, Helicos Biosciences Corporation, was unable to successfully commercialize its tSMS product offerings and there can be no assurance that the business strategy that we have developed and are pursuing to commercialize our tSMS offerings will be successful.
Our research and development efforts may not result in the benefits we anticipate, and our failure to successfully market, sell and commercialize our current and future sequencing instruments and services products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have dedicated significant resources to developing sequencing instruments and services.
We will have to increase our internal capabilities and to collaborate with other partners in order to successfully expand sales of our sequencing kits in the markets we seek to reach, which we may be unable to do at the scale required to support our business. 23 Our research and development efforts may not result in the benefits we anticipate, and our failure to successfully market, sell and commercialize our current and future sequencing instruments and services products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Once we are no longer an “emerging growth company” and if our public float is above $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or, if before such date, we opt to no longer take advantage of the applicable exemption, we will be required to include an opinion from our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
Once we are no longer an “emerging growth company” and if our public float is above $75 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or, if before such date, we opt to no longer take advantage of the applicable exemption, we will be required to include an opinion from our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. 39 We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers.
The expenses or losses associated with delayed or unsuccessful product development or lack of market acceptance of our new products could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The expenses or losses associated with delayed or unsuccessful product development or lack of market acceptance of our new products could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 24 We must successfully manage new product introductions and transitions related to the tSMS technology, we may incur significant costs during these transitions, and they may not result in the benefits we anticipate.
If we do not successfully manage these product transitions, our business, reputation and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. 20 The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted our business and could negatively impact our financial condition.
If we do not successfully manage these product transitions, our business, reputation and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. Our future capital needs are uncertain, and we may need to raise additional funds to support those needs.
We will have to increase our internal capabilities and to collaborate with other partners in order to successfully expand sales of our sequencing kits in the markets we seek to reach, which we may be unable to do at the scale required to support our business.
We will need to expand our internal capabilities and seek new partnerships or collaborations in order to successfully market, sell and commercialize the sequencing instruments and applications that we have developed in the markets we seek to reach.
Removed
We must successfully manage new product introductions and transitions related to the tSMS technology, we may incur significant costs during these transitions, and they may not result in the benefits we anticipate.
Added
To date, we have relied primarily on private debt and equity financing to carry on our business as well as modest revenues generated from the sales of products and services.
Removed
The unprecedented global outbreak of the novel coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) that began in the first quarter of 2020 had a significant impact on certain aspects of our business, including strains on our supply chain due and the significant reductions of research grants made available during the pandemic, particularly for sequencing research and development that is not dedicated to COVID-19 related disorders.
Added
We have limited financial resources, negative cash flow from operations and no assurance that sufficient funding will be available to us to fund our operating expenses and to further our product development efforts.
Removed
The initial target market for our instruments and research services has been the life sciences research and development market where we provide solutions for a variety of applications, including biomarker discovery and diagnostic assay developments.
Added
Based on these and other factors, in our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we concluded that this circumstance raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the original issuance date of such financial statements.
Removed
This market, which includes laboratories associated with universities, scientific research centers, government institutions, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, often depends on research grants and donations for a significant portion of their funding, and the demand for our products in this customer segment has been affected by a reduction in their non-COVID-19 related research grants and may continue to be so affected in the future.
Added
Similarly, in its report on the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, our independent registered public accounting firm included an emphasis of matter paragraph stating that our recurring losses from operations and continued cash outflows from operating activities raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Removed
While our operations have generally stabilized since the peak of the pandemic, our operations may continue to be impacted by any continuing effects of COVID-19 , including resurgences and variants of COVID-19 or outbreaks of any new viruses or contagions.
Added
Our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. We anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations while we implement and execute our business plan.
Removed
The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business and financial condition will largely depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the pandemic, emergence of variants and the actions necessary to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact.
Added
We currently do not have any contracts or commitments for additional financing.
Removed
Our future capital needs are uncertain, and we may need to raise additional funds to support those needs. We believe our cash on hand and cash generated from commercial sales and research activity will enable us to fund our operations for at least 24 months.
Added
The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks.
Removed
Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including: ● market acceptance of our products; ● the cost and timing of establishing additional sales, marketing and distribution capabilities; ● the cost of our research and development activities; ● the success of our existing distribution and marketing arrangements and our ability to enter additional arrangements in the future; and ● the effect of competing technological and market developments.
Added
As our common stock and warrants are no longer registered on a national stock exchange and the price of our common stock is less than $5.00, our common stock is now deemed a penny stock under the SEC penny stock rules.
Removed
The price of our common stock has not met the requirements for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. If we fail to regain or maintain compliance with the minimum listing requirements, our common stock will be subject to delisting.
Added
Risks Relating to Our Proposed Merger with Lyneer Unless the Merger Agreement has been terminated, you should consider the risks and uncertainties relating to Lyneer summarized under Item 1.
Removed
Our ability to publicly or privately sell equity securities and the liquidity of our common stock could be adversely affected if our common shares are delisted.
Added
“Business” above, as well as the more detailed discussion of such risks and uncertainties included in our registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-272908) filed with the SEC, a copy of which is publicly available through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov .
Removed
On June 21, 2022, we received a notification letter from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that we are not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, which requires that the closing bid price for our common stock listed on Nasdaq be maintained at a minimum of $1.00 and failure to maintain it for 30 consecutive business days constitutes a compliance deficiency.
Added
Additional risks relating to Lyneer not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect us following consummation of the Merger. If, following the Merger, any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. 41
Removed
On December 20, 2022, we received notice from Nasdaq indicating that, while we have not regained compliance with the Bid Price Requirement, Nasdaq has determined that we are eligible for an additional 180-day period, or until June 19, 2023, to regain compliance.
Removed
According to the notification from Nasdaq, the Staff’s determination was based on (i) our meeting the continued listing requirement for market value of our publicly-held shares and all other Nasdaq initial listing standards, with the exception of the minimum bid price requirement, and (ii) our written notice to Nasdaq of our intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary.
Removed
If at any time during this second 180-day compliance period, the closing bid price of our common stock is at least $1 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, Nasdaq will provide us with written confirmation of compliance.
Removed
If compliance cannot be demonstrated by June 19, 2023, Nasdaq will provide written notification that our common stock will be delisted. At that time, we may appeal Nasdaq’s determination to a Hearings Panel.
Removed
If we do not regain compliance within the allotted compliance period(s), including any extensions that may be granted by Nasdaq, Nasdaq will provide notice that our common stock will be subject to delisting.
Removed
Delisting from Nasdaq could adversely affect our ability to consummate a strategic transaction and raise additional financing through the public or private sale of equity securities, and would significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock.
Removed
Delisting could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by employees and the loss of institutional investor interest. 34 If our shares become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares. The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks.
Removed
We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Biggest changeITEM 2. PROPERTIES . On February 2, 2022, we entered into a new lease agreement for approximately 15,538 square feet of corporate office and laboratory space in Billerica, Massachusetts. The lease has a term of 92 months with the rent escalating from $14,317 to $26,453 per month over the lease term.
Biggest changeITEM 2. PROPERTIES . On February 2, 2022, we entered into a lease agreement for approximately 15,538 square feet of corporate office and laboratory space in Billerica, Massachusetts. The lease has a term of 92 months with the rent escalating from $14,317 to $26,453 per month over the lease term.

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Biggest changeITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. Market Information for Common Stock Our common stock and publicly-traded warrants are trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbols “SQL” and “SQLLW,” respectively.
Biggest changeITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. Market Information for Common Stock Prior to November 13, 2023, our common stock traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol SQLL.
Holders As of March 1, 2023, there were approximately 17 stockholders of record, according to the records of our transfer agent, and an unknown number of additional holders of common stock held in ’street name’. Dividends We have not declared any common stock dividends to date.
Holders As of April 1, 2024, there were approximately 17 stockholders of record, according to the records of our transfer agent, and an unknown number of additional holders of common stock held in ‘street name’. Dividends We have not declared any common stock dividends to date.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities None. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities None. 38
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities None. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities None.
Added
Nasdaq suspended trading in our common stock effective at the open of trading on November 13, 2023 due to our failure to comply with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(4), which required us to have a minimum of 500,000 publicly-held shares of common stock, exclusive of shares held by officers, directors and 10% stockholders.
Added
Since November 13, 2023, our common stock has been listed for quotation on the OTC Pink Market under the trading symbol “SEQL.”. Trading in our common stock in the over-the-counter market has been limited and the quotations for our common stock on the OTC Pink Market are not necessarily indicative of actual market values.
Added
During the period from November 13, 2023 to April 1, 2024, the high and low closing bid price of our common stock on the OTC Pink Market was $6.60 and $1.40 respectively. All quotations for the OTC Pink Market reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Added
On April 1, 2024, the closing bid price for our common stock on the OTC Pink Market as reported by the quotation service operated by the OTC Markets Group was $1.40.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

27 edited+20 added44 removed14 unchanged
Biggest changeConsolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss December 31, 2022 2021 Revenue Sales $ 1,177 $ 48,021 Grant revenue 77,482 161,974 Total revenue 78,659 209,995 Cost of sales 690 57,690 Gross profit 77,969 152,305 Operating expenses Research and development 1,568,266 530,076 General and administrative 2,506,851 2,170,857 Total operating expenses 4,075,117 2,700,933 Operating loss (3,997,148 ) (2,548,628 ) Other (income) and expenses Interest and dividend income (44,879 ) (36,463 ) Other income - (190,193 ) Unrealized (gain)/loss on marketable equity securities (54,508 ) 43,078 Realized loss on marketable equity securities 106,324 - Change in fair value of convertible notes - 195,962 Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes - 934,257 Interest expense 90,748 208,289 Net loss (4,094,833 ) (3,703,558 ) Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities 22,451 - Total comprehensive loss $ (4,072,382 ) $ (3,703,558 ) Net loss per share - basic and diluted $ (0.34 ) $ (0.51 ) Weighted average common shares - basic and diluted 11,886,379 7,216,001 Revenues Our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2022, were $78,659 as compared to revenues of $209,995 during the year ended December 31, 2021, representing a decrease of $131,336, or 63%.
Biggest changeWhile these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1-A of Part I of this report. 44 Results of Operations Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2023 2022 Revenue Sales $ - $ 1,177 Grant revenue - 77,482 Total revenue - 78,659 Cost of sales - 690 Gross profit - 77,969 Operating expenses Research and development 2,253,354 1,568,266 General and administrative 3,479,155 2,506,851 Total operating expenses 5,732,509 4,075,117 Operating loss (5,732,509 ) (3,997,148 ) Other (income) and expenses Investment income (188,716 ) (44,879 ) Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities - (54,508 ) Realized loss on marketable equity securities - 106,324 Interest expense 83,798 90,748 Net loss (5,627,591 ) (4,094,833 ) Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities - 22,451 Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net loss (22,451 ) - Total comprehensive loss $ (5,650,042 ) $ (4,072,382 ) Net loss per share - basic and diluted $ (15.03 ) $ (12.38 ) Weighted average common shares - basic and diluted 374,484 330,648 Revenues Our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2023, were $0 as compared to revenues of $78,659 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $78,659, or 100%.
We leverage our expertise with True Single Molecule Sequencing (tSMS) technology enabling researchers and clinicians to contribute major advancements to scientific research and development. Our customers are primarily the early adopters of genomics technology and tSMS in academic research, biomarker discovery, and molecular diagnostic product development.
We leverage our expertise with True Single Molecule Sequencing (tSMS) technology enabling researchers and clinicians to contribute major advancements to scientific research and development. 43 Our customers are primarily the early adopters of genomics technology and tSMS in academic research, biomarker discovery, and molecular diagnostic product development.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
While these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” within the Business& Market Information section of this report.
While these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” within the Business section of this report.
As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be materially and adversely affected. 46
As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be materially and adversely affected. 49
We have periodically granted stock options and restricted stock awards to consultants for services, pursuant to our stock plans at the fair market value on the respective dates of grant. Should we terminate any of our consulting agreements, the unvested options underlying the agreements would be cancelled.
We recognize forfeitures related to stock-based awards as they occur. We have periodically granted stock options and restricted stock units to non-employees for services pursuant to ourstock plans at the fair market value on the respective dates of grant. Should we terminate any of our consulting agreements, the unvested options underlying the agreements would be cancelled.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets.
No such transaction occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. 47 Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets.
Net cash used provided by/used in investing activities Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to cash used in investing activities of approximately $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net cash provided by investing activities Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to approximately $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
JOBS Act Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
No such restricted stock units were granted during the year ended December 31, 2022. 48 JOBS Act Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, inflation, increases in interest rates, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including resurgences and the emergence of new variants, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflict in the Ukraine.
Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, inflation, increases in interest rates, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflict in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Cash proceeds provided by (used in): Operating activities $ (3,662,568 ) $ (1,989,877 ) Investing activities 1,827,965 (5,990,912 ) Financing activities - 11,995,917 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (1,834,603 ) $ 4,015,128 Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $3.7 million and $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Cash proceeds provided by (used in): Operating activities $ (5,004,558 ) $ (3,662,568 ) Investing activities 4,057,625 1,827,965 Financing activities 1,460,399 - Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 513,466 $ (1,834,603 ) Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $5.0 million and $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The expected term of a stock option granted to employees and directors (including non-employee directors) is based on the average of the contractual term (generally 10 years) and the vesting period. For non-employee options, the expected term is the contractual term. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S.
Our expected stock price volatility assumption is based on the volatility of comparable public companies. The expected term of a stock option granted to employees and directors (including non-employee directors) is based on the average of the contractual term (generally 10 years) and the vesting period. For non-employee options, the expected term is the contractual term.
We incurred net losses of $4,094,833 and $3,703,558 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We had negative cash flow from operating activities of $3,662,568 and $1,989,877 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $18,508,684 as of December 31, 2022.
Results of operations We incurred net losses of $5,627,591 and $4,094,833 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We had negative cash flow from operating activities of $5,004,558 and $3,662,568 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $24,136,275 as of December 31, 2023.
The increase in operating spending was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we experienced an increase in our general and administrative spending since we became a public company in August 2021.
The increase in operating spending was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic, prior to the announcement of the proposed Merger. In addition, we experienced an increase in our general and administrative spending associated with legal, accounting, and consulting fees in connection with the proposed Merger with Lyneer.
The fair value of the stock-based awards is then expensed over the requisite service period, generally the vesting period, for each award. Our expected stock price volatility assumption is based on the volatility of comparable public companies.
The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of the awards is then expensed over the requisite service period, generally the vesting period, for each award as compensation expense.
For awards granted to consultants and non-employees, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the awards, which is generally the period services are rendered by such consultants and non-employees. We granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 1,085,000 and 100,000 shares of common stock in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For awards granted to non-employees, compensation expense is recognized over the service period. We granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 13,550 and 27,125 shares of common stock in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We granted restricted stock units to purchase an aggregate of 13,825 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The fair value of stock option grants is estimated as of the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant.
Management routinely discusses the development, selection, and disclosure of each critical accounting estimates. Stock-based Compensation Our stock-based compensation program awards include stock options and restricted stock awards. The fair value of stock option grants is estimated as of the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
This increase in operating expenses was partially offset by the decrease in the interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 and the loss on extinguishment of the convertible notes in the year ended December 31, 2021 in the amount of $934,257. 41 Liquidity and Capital Resources The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
The increase in expenses was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic. We expect these expenditures to increase in 2023 and beyond as we increase our research and development efforts to pre-pandemic levels.
The increase in expenses was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities in relation to applications for our tSMS technology to pre-COVID-19 levels prior to entering into the Merger agreement with Lyneer.
We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Stock-based Compensation Our share-based compensation program grant awards include stock options and restricted stock awards to employees, directors and consultants.
We adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, which had no material impact on the our consolidated financial statements. We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Net cash provided by financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities was $0 and approximately $12.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This decrease was primarily attributable to the proceeds raised in our initial public offering on August 31, 2021, with no equity or debt proceeds raised during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The cash from the investing activities is primarily attributable to the sales and maturities of marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $1.5 million, and $0, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Gross Profit Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $77,969, as compared to gross profit of $152,305 for the year ended December 31, 2021, which represented a decrease of $74,336, or 49%, primarily due to the fact that we had lower product and services sales in 2022 due to our relocation to Billerica, Massachusetts as well as there was a decrease in grant revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. 40 Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $1,038,190, or 196%, from $530,076 for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $1,568,266 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Gross Profit Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $0, as compared to gross profit of $77,969 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which represented a decrease of $77,969, or 100%, primarily due to the fact that we do not currently have any active grants under which we are providing services, nor have we sold any of our products to customers. 45 Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $685,088, or 44%, from $1,568,266 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2,253,354 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Treasury securities consistent with the life of the option. No dividend yield was assumed as we do not pay dividends on our common stock. We recognize forfeitures related to stock-based awards as they occur.
The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the life of the option. The expected dividend yield was set to zero as wedo not pay dividends on our common stock and there was no expectation of doing so as of the respective grant dates.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue included grant revenue of $77,482 and $1,177 from product sales, and no sales from research services as compared to the revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021 from product sales of $31,537, grants of $161,974 and $16,484 in sequencing services.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue included grant revenue of $77,482 and $1,177 from product sales. The decrease in revenue was due to the fact that we do not currently have any active grants under which we are providing services, nor have we sold any of our products to customers.
General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased by $335,994, or 15%, from $2,170,857 for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $2,506,851 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to increased operating expenses as a public company, including the addition of accounting, legal, insurance and audit related expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased by $972,304, or 39%, from $2,506,851 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $3,479,155 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through equity and debt financings, as well as from modest sales of products and research services. As of December 31, 2022, and we had an accumulated deficit of $18,508,684.
The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. 46 Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through equity and debt financings, as well as from modest sales of products and research services.
Net Loss Overall, the net loss increased by $391,275, or 11%, to $4,094,833 as compared to $3,703,558 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in net loss is primarily attributable to increased operating expenses as a public company and our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we also incurred $15,428 of interest expense related to our finance lease. Net Loss Overall, the net loss increased by $1,532,758, or 37%, to $5,627,591 as compared to $4,094,833 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in net loss was primarily attributable to increased expenses associated with the Merger.
Removed
While these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1-A of Part I of this report. 39 Results of Operations Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021: SeqLL Inc.
Added
Proposed Merger Agreement Terms used and not defined in the following discussion have the respective meanings set forth in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part IV to this report.
Removed
The decrease in revenue was due to the reduction in research services and revenue generating activities due to our relocation to Billerica, Massachusetts. This relocation, which was finalized in September of 2022, resulted in the Company temporarily not having facilities that were sufficient to perform our research services and business activities. We expect to resume normal operations in 2023.
Added
On May 29, 2023, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Atlantic, Atlantic Merger Sub, SeqLL Merger Sub, Lyneer, and the Sellers subject to the approval of our stockholders at a special meeting, which approval has been obtained.
Removed
General and administrative expenditures will continue to increase to support ongoing financial reporting and compliance activities. Interest and Other Income/Loss We recognized $44,879 of interest and dividend income in the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $36,463 for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Added
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, Atlantic Merger Sub will initially be merged into Lyneer, and SeqLL Merger Sub will then be merged into Lyneer, with Lyneer continuing as the surviving entity and as our wholly-owned subsidiary.
Removed
This primarily relates to the dividend income earned on the Company’s investments in equity securities. The Company expects to see increases in interest income over the next twelve months based on the current interest rates and market conditions.
Added
In connection with the consummation of the Merger, we will be renamed “Atlantic International Corp.” Lyneer, through its subsidiaries, specializes in the placement of temporary and temporary-to-permanent labor across various industries within the United States. Lyneer primarily places individuals in accounting and finance, administrative and clerical, information technology, legal, light industrial, and medical roles.
Removed
We recognized zero other income in the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $190,193 of other income in the year ended December 31, 2021 related to forgiveness of Paycheck Protection Program loans.
Added
It is also a leading provider of productivity consulting and workforce management solutions. Lyneer is headquartered in Lawrenceville, New Jersey and has more than 100 locations in the U.S. For further description of the terms of the Merger Agreement, please refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Removed
We recognized $51,816 in net realized and unrealized losses on the marketable equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $43,078 for the year ended December 31, 2021. We recognized $195,962 related to the change in fair value of our convertible notes in the year ended December 31, 2021.
Added
We do not expect to recognize revenues until a market for our sequencing technology further develops.
Removed
No such convertible notes were in existence for the year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt totaling $934,257 in the year ended December 31, 2021 related to certain convertible notes.
Added
Going forward, we expect to reduce our research and development expenses until after the closing of the Merger with Lyneer as we continue to preserve our cash resources to effect the Merger.
Removed
The loss on the extinguishment of debt represented the excess of the fair value of these convertible notes totaling $3,075,987 over their carrying value of $2,141,730 at their amendment date in the first quarter of 2021. We did not incur such losses during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Added
The increase was primarily attributable to approximately $705,000 in additional legal and professional fees related to the Merger in order to facilitate SEC filings, increased operating expenses of approximately $105,000 related to accounting, legal, insurance and audit related services, and approximately $96,000 of additional incremental expenses incurred in connection with the Merger.
Removed
We recognized interest expense of $90,748 and $208,289 in the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing a decrease of $117,541, or 56%.
Added
General and administrative expenditures will continue to increase until the closing of the Merger with Lyneer.
Removed
The decrease in interest expense was due to a decrease in our outstanding indebtedness as a result of the conversion of $2.1 million in notes to equity concurrently with the consummation of our initial public offering on August 31, 2021.
Added
Interest and Other Income/Loss We recognized $188,716 of investment income, of which $106,051 related to marketable debt securities and $82,665 related to cash invested in money market accounts and cash that was held in investments that have a maturity date of less than three months during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Removed
Even though we experienced negative cash flows from operations of $3,662,568 for the year ended December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2,180,525 and short-term investments in marketable securities of $4,036,014 at December 31, 2022.
Added
We recognized $0 of investment income related to marketable securities and $44,879 of income earned from money market accounts during the year ended December 31, 2022. Interest expense incurred on the promissory notes was $68,370 and $90,748 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Removed
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $1,834,603 at December 31, 2022 as compared to December 31, 2021 due to cash spending for operating activities for the year period ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by the net sale of $1,867,985 in marketable securities.
Added
We experienced negative cash flows from operations of $5,004,558 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which included our costs and expenses related to the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
Removed
On February 15, 2023, we sold to institutional investors, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $1,800,000 before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.
Added
As a result of our recent common stock offerings in August 2021 and February of 2023 and the maturity of our marketable debt securities, we had cash and cash equivalents of we had cash and cash equivalents of $2,693,991 at December 31, 2023.
Removed
We believe our cash on hand, together with our cash generated from commercial sales and research activity, will enable us to fund our operations for at least one year from the date of this Report.
Added
The Company estimates cash resources will be sufficient to fund its operations into the first quarter of 2025. The Company will need additional capital to fund its planned operations for the next 12 months, if the Merger is not completed. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Removed
However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary materially. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we expect.
Added
As of December 31, 2023, and we had an accumulated deficit of $24,136,275. On February 15, 2023, we issued 50,000 shares of common stock to investors at a price of $36.00 per share (after the Reverse Stock Split). The gross proceeds of the issuance were $1.8 million.
Removed
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including: ● our ability to successfully further develop our technologies and create innovative products in our markets, including the costs associated with the development of our tSMS platform across multiple market segments, for which we have budgeted approximately $1.5 million in 2023 in support of our collaborative efforts in detection tools for heart disease and cancer, and chromatin mapping in genome biology; ● scientific progress in research and development of our collaborative programs, including the costs of obtaining, maintaining and enforcing our patents and other intellectual property rights, as well as the costs associated with any product or technology that we may in-license or acquire; and ● the terms and timing of establishing and maintaining collaborations, licenses and other similar arrangements; including the need to enter into other collaborations to enhance or complement our product and service offerings.
Added
We incurred offering expenses of approximately $0.3 million, which were paid with proceeds from the common stock issuance. The Company expects that it will seek to raise additional capital through equity offerings, grant financing, and convertible debt. Additional funds may not be available when it needs them on terms that are acceptable to them, or at all.
Removed
We plan to continue seeking additional financing sources from time to time to meet our working capital requirements, make continued investment in research and development and make capital expenditures needed for us to maintain and expand our business. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all.
Added
If adequate funds are not available, it may be required to delay its operational strategies, and to delay or reduce the scope of its research or development programs. Cash Flows The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for each of the periods presented.
Removed
If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, or if we expend capital on projects that are not successful, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
Added
We issued 50,000 shares of common stock to investors at a price of $36.00 per share during the year ended December 31, 2023 (after the effect of the Reverse Stock Split). The gross proceeds of the issuance was $1.8 million. We incurred offering costs of approximately $0.3 million, which were paid with proceeds from the common stock issuance.
Removed
In addition, if we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. 42 Cash Flows The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for each of the periods presented.
Added
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates We prepare our financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect reported amounts.
Removed
We anticipate our research and development efforts and on-going general and administrative costs will generate negative cash flows from operating activities for the foreseeable future.
Added
Estimations are considered critical accounting estimates based on, among other things, its impact on the portrayal of our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity, as well as the degree of difficulty, subjectivity, and complexity in its deployment. Critical accounting estimates address accounting matters that are inherently uncertain due to unknown future resolution of such matters.
Removed
The net inflow of funds is related to the disposition of the marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the investment of the proceeds from our initial public offering, which occurred in August 2021, into marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Removed
The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements and financial statement disclosures. 43 In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”) which establishes new accounting and disclosure requirements for leases.
Removed
ASU No. 2016-02 requires recognition in the statement of operations of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 requires classification of all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows.
Removed
Disclosures are required to provide the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.
Removed
We will adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective approach and will record right of use assets and lease liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet for the leases with terms in excess of one year.
Removed
A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. At the date of adoption on January 1, 2022, this guidance had no impact to our consolidated financial statements.
Removed
Revenue Recognition Our revenue is generated primarily from the sale of products and gene sequencing services. Product revenue primarily consists of sales of genetic sequencing equipment and sequencing reagent kits. We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).
Removed
Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when control of our products and services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive from our customers in exchange for those products and services.
Removed
To determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized for arrangements determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we follow the five-step process.
Removed
This process involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when (or as) the performance obligations have been satisfied.
Removed
A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract.
Removed
We only apply the five-step process to contracts when it is probable that we will collect consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. 44 We evaluate contingent payments to estimate the amount which is not probable of a material reversal to include in the transaction price using the most likely amount method.
Removed
Future payments that are not within our control and are not considered probable of being achieved until the contingencies are resolved. Revenue from product sales, including customized sequencing instruments and sequencing reagent kits and off-the-shelf consumables, is recognized generally upon delivery, which is when control of the product is deemed to be transferred.

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