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Bausch & Lomb Corp

Bausch & Lomb CorpBLCOEarnings & Financial Report

NYSE · Health Care · Ophthalmic Goods

Bausch & Lomb is an American-Canadian eye health products company based in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the world's largest suppliers of contact lenses, lens care products, pharmaceuticals, intraocular lenses, and other eye surgery products. The company was founded in Rochester, New York, in 1853 by optician John Bausch and cabinet maker turned financial backer Henry Lomb. Until its sale in 2013, Bausch + Lomb was one of the oldest continually operating companies in the United States.

What changed in Bausch & Lomb Corp's 10-K — 2022 vs 2023

Top changes in Bausch & Lomb Corp's 2023 10-K

658 paragraphs added · 700 removed · 494 edited across 6 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

92 edited+26 added−24 removed114 unchanged
We believe the Separation presents Bausch + Lomb with a unique opportunity, and provides us operating flexibility and puts us in a strong position to unlock additional value in our eye health business as a separate and dissimilar business from the remainder of BHC’s product portfolios and businesses.
We believe the Separation presents Bausch + Lomb with a unique opportunity, provides us operating flexibility and puts us in a strong position to unlock additional value in our eye health business as a separate and dissimilar business from the remainder of BHC’s product portfolios and businesses.
Biotrue ® ONEday for Presbyopia integrates the Company’s 3- 3 Zone Progressive™ design with seamless transitions between near, far and intermediate distances for clear, comfortable vision across all distances. • PureVision ® , a silicone hydrogel frequent replacement contact lens using AerGel ® technology lens material to allow natural levels of oxygen to reach the eye as well as resist protein buildup.
Biotrue ® ONEday for Presbyopia integrates the Company’s 3-Zone Progressive™ design with seamless transitions between near, far and intermediate distances for clear, comfortable vision across all distances. 3 • PureVision ® , a silicone hydrogel frequent replacement contact lens using AerGel ® technology lens material to allow natural levels of oxygen to reach the eye as well as resist protein buildup.
We launched XIPERE ® in the first quarter of 2022, and believe that it is the first and only therapy currently available in the U.S. for suprachoroidal use for the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis. • Vyzulta ® (latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution, 0.024%) is an intraocular pressure lowering single-agent eye drop with dual activity dosed once daily for patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. • Lotemax ® SM (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic gel 0.38%), a new gel drop formulation of loteprednol etabonate, which was designed with novel SubMicron (SM) technology for efficient penetration to key ocular tissues at a low preservative (BAK) level (3.5-10) and a pH close to human tears, indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery. • Besivance ® (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension, 0.6%) is the first and only chloro-fluoroquinolone indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
We launched XIPERE ® during the first quarter of 2022, and believe that it is the first and only therapy currently available in the U.S. for suprachoroidal use for the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis. • Vyzulta ® (latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution, 0.024%) is an intraocular pressure lowering single-agent eye drop with dual activity dosed once daily for patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. • Lotemax ® SM (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic gel 0.38%), a new gel drop formulation of loteprednol etabonate, which was designed with novel SubMicron (SM) technology for efficient penetration to key ocular tissues at a low preservative (BAK) level (3.5-10) and a pH close to human tears, indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery. • Besivance ® (besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension, 0.6%) is the first and only chloro-fluoroquinolone indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Our principal consumer eye care products include: • PreserVision ® AREDS 2 is a patented eye vitamin and mineral supplements that contains the exact nutrient formula recommended by the National Eye Institute for people with moderate to advanced age-related macular degeneration ("AMD") following the landmark AREDS 2 clinical study. 2 • Ocuvite ® is a family of nutritional supplements that contain antioxidant vitamins and minerals and other nutrients beneficial for eye health, including lutein and zeaxanthin (antioxidant carotenoids), nutrients that support macular health by helping filter harmful blue light. • Biotrue ® multi-purpose solution helps prevent certain tear proteins from denaturing and fights germs for healthy contact lens wear.
Our principal consumer eye care products include: • PreserVision ® AREDS 2 is a patented eye vitamin and mineral supplement that contains the exact nutrient formula recommended by the National Eye Institute for people with moderate to advanced age-related macular degeneration ("AMD") following the landmark AREDS 2 clinical study. • Ocuvite ® is a family of nutritional supplements that contain antioxidant vitamins and minerals and other nutrients beneficial for eye health, including lutein and zeaxanthin (antioxidant carotenoids), nutrients that support macular health by helping filter harmful blue light. • Biotrue ® multi-purpose solution helps prevent certain tear proteins from denaturing and fights germs for healthy contact lens wear.
Biotrue ® multi-purpose solution contains hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate) a lubricant naturally found in eyes and is pH balanced to match healthy tears. • Bausch + Lomb Renu ® Advanced Formula multi-purpose solution is a novel soft and silicone hydrogel contact lens solution that makes use of three disinfectants and two moisture agents. • Boston ® solution is a specialty cleansing solution design for gas permeable contact lenses. • Artelac ® is an eye moisturizer eye drop which enables quick wetting of dry eyes.
Biotrue ® multi-purpose solution contains hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate) a lubricant naturally found in eyes and is pH balanced to match healthy tears. • Bausch + Lomb Renu ® Advanced Formula multi-purpose solution is a novel soft and silicone hydrogel contact lens solution that makes use of three disinfectants and two moisture agents. • Boston ® solution is a specialty cleansing solution design for gas permeable contact lenses. 2 • Artelac ® is an eye moisturizer eye drop which enables quick wetting of dry eyes.
Prior to human use, FDA approval (drugs (in the form of an NDA or ANDA for generic equivalents), biologics (in the form of a Biologics License Application (BLA)) and some medical devices) or premarket approval or marketing clearance 7 (other devices) must be obtained in the United States, approval by Health Canada must be obtained in Canada, EMA approval (drugs) or a CE Marking (devices) and or registration under the MDR 2017/475 must be obtained for countries that are part of the EU and approval must be obtained from comparable agencies in other countries prior to manufacturing or marketing new pharmaceutical products or medical devices.
Prior to human use, FDA approval (drugs (in the form of an NDA or ANDA for generic equivalents), biologics (in the form of a Biologics License Application (BLA)) and some medical devices) or premarket approval or marketing clearance (other devices) must be obtained in the United States, approval by Health Canada must be obtained in Canada, EMA approval (drugs) or a CE Marking (devices) and or registration under the MDR 2017/475 must be obtained for countries that are part of the EU and approval must be obtained from comparable agencies in other countries prior to manufacturing or marketing new pharmaceutical products or medical devices.
The BPCIA provides reference product sponsors with 12 years (with potential for six additional months of pediatric exclusivity) of market exclusivity, but unlike the Hatch-Waxman Act which covers small molecules, it does not require reference product sponsors 6 to list patents in an Orange Book equivalent and does not include an automatic 30-month stay of FDA approval upon the timely filing of a lawsuit.
The BPCIA provides reference product sponsors with 12 years (with potential for six additional months of pediatric exclusivity) of market exclusivity, but unlike the Hatch-Waxman Act which covers small molecules, it does not require reference product sponsors to list patents in an Orange Book equivalent and does not include an automatic 30-month stay of FDA approval upon the timely filing of a lawsuit.
The federal and Alberta legislation include mandatory data breach notification requirements. Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) also applies to the extent that we send commercial electronic messages from Canada or to electronic addresses in Canada. CASL contains prescriptive consent, form, content and unsubscribe mechanism requirements. Penalties for non-compliance with CASL are up to CAD $10 million per violation.
The federal, Quebec and Alberta legislation include mandatory data breach notification requirements. Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) also applies to the extent that we send commercial electronic messages from Canada or to electronic addresses in Canada. CASL contains prescriptive consent, form, content and unsubscribe mechanism requirements. Penalties for non-compliance with CASL are up to CAD $10 million per violation.
In the 2022 employee survey, 75% of employees viewed our health care and wellness benefit programs as meeting their needs, which is significantly higher than the external norm against which we compare. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion We are dedicated to fostering an inclusive work environment where everyone feels welcomed, supported and valued for their talents and contributions.
In the 2022 employee survey, 75% of employees viewed our health care and wellness benefit programs as meeting their needs, which is significantly higher than the external norm against which we compare. 13 Diversity, Equity and Inclusion We are dedicated to fostering an inclusive work environment where everyone feels welcomed, supported and valued for their talents and contributions.
Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products and medical devices are required to comply with manufacturing regulations, including current good manufacturing practices and quality system management requirements, enforced by the FDA and Health Canada, in the United States and Canada respectively, and similar regulations enforced by regulatory agencies in other countries and we face periodic audits of our facilities and plants and those of our contract manufacturers by the FDA and such other regulatory agencies.
Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products and medical devices are required to comply with manufacturing regulations, including current good manufacturing practices and quality system management requirements, enforced by the FDA and Health Canada, in the United States and Canada respectively, and similar regulations enforced by regulatory agencies in other countries and we face periodic audits of our facilities and plants and those of our contract manufacturers by the FDA and 8 such other regulatory agencies.
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws, regulations, rules or policies or any other law or governmental regulation, or if interpretations of the foregoing change, we may be subject to 8 civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, including consent orders or corporate integrity agreements.
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws, regulations, rules or policies or any other law or governmental regulation, or if interpretations of the foregoing change, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, including consent orders or corporate integrity agreements.
In addition, we continuously search for new ways to augment our in-house research efforts with externally-sourced innovations that allow us to gain access to unique products and investigational treatments, that, if successful, will allow us to leverage our commercial footprint and supplement our existing product portfolio and address specific unmet needs in the market.
In addition, we continuously search for new ways to augment our in-house research efforts with externally-sourced innovations that allow us to gain access to unique products and investigational treatments, that, if successful, will allow us to 5 leverage our commercial footprint and supplement our existing product portfolio and address specific unmet needs in the market.
Although management believes these transactions will unlock value for our shareholders, there can be no assurance that the Separation will be consummated, or, even if consummated, that the Separation will be successful in doing so. 1 See Item 1A. ''Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Separation” included in this Form 10-K for additional information.
Although management believes these transactions will unlock value for our shareholders, there can be no assurance that the Separation will be consummated, or, even if consummated, that the Separation will be successful in doing so. See Item 1A. ''Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Separation” included in this Form 10-K for additional information.
As a fully integrated eye health business, Bausch + Lomb has an established line of contact lenses, intraocular lenses and other medical devices, surgical systems and devices, vitamin and mineral supplements, lens care products, prescription eye-medications and other consumer health products that positions us to compete in all areas of the eye health market.
As a fully integrated eye health business, Bausch + Lomb has an established line of contact lenses, intraocular lenses ("IOLs") and other medical devices, surgical systems and devices, vitamin and mineral supplements, lens care products, prescription eye-medications and other consumer products that positions us to compete in all areas of the eye health market.
For example, laws in all 50 U.S. states require businesses to provide notice to customers whose personal data has been disclosed as a result of a data breach. The laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is difficult and may be costly.
For example, laws in all 50 U.S. states require businesses to provide notice to 9 customers whose personal data has been disclosed as a result of a data breach. The laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is difficult and may be costly.
We continually seek input from eye care professionals through 11 medical and scientific advisory boards to help us refresh and update all of these initiatives as well as to create new opportunities to provide our customers with the necessary resources to use our products safely and effectively.
We continually seek input from eye care professionals through medical and scientific advisory boards to help us refresh and update all of these initiatives as well as to create new opportunities to provide our customers with the necessary resources to use our products safely and effectively.
In the United States, the EU and other significant or potentially significant markets for our products and product candidates, government authorities and third-party payors are increasingly attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services, which has resulted in lower average realized prices.
In the United States, the EU and other significant or potentially significant markets for our products and product candidates, government authorities and third-party payors are increasingly 10 attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services, which has resulted in lower average realized prices.
All such filings are available through our website free of charge. The information on our Internet website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or our other securities 14 filings and is not a part of such filings.
All such filings are available through our website free of charge. The information on our Internet website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or our other securities filings and is not a part of such filings.
It is a new generation potent quinolone antibiotic specifically designed for the ophthalmic use and has no systemic formulation. • Visudyne ® (verteporfin for injection) therapy is a photoenhancer indicated for the treatment of patients with predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to agerelated macular degeneration, pathologic myopia or presumed ocular histoplasmosis. • Minims ® portfolio including ocular anaesthetics, corticosteroids, mydriatics, cycloplegics, artificial tears, irrigating solutions and diagnostic stain products. • Prolensa ® (bromfenac ophthalmic solution) 0.07% is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indicated to treat inflammation and reduce eye pain in patients after cataract surgery.
It is a new generation potent quinolone antibiotic specifically designed for the ophthalmic use and has no systemic formulation. • Visudyne ® (verteporfin for injection) therapy is a photoenhancer indicated for the treatment of patients with predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration, pathologic myopia or presumed ocular histoplasmosis. • Minims ® portfolio including ocular anaesthetics, corticosteroids, mydriatics, cycloplegics, artificial tears, irrigating solutions and diagnostic stain products. • Prolensa ® (bromfenac ophthalmic solution) 0.07% is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indicated to treat inflammation and reduce eye pain in patients after cataract surgery.
In addition, we believe that we can grow our market opportunity by expanding into emerging therapeutic areas, new geographies and researching and securing other indications for our products.
In addition, we believe that 1 we can grow our market opportunity by expanding into emerging therapeutic areas, new geographies and researching and securing other indications for our products.
No individual customers accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for 2022, 2021 and 2020. Competition Our competitors include specialty and other large pharmaceutical companies, medical device companies, biotechnology companies, OTC companies and generic manufacturers, in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and in other countries in which we market our products.
No individual customers accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for 2023, 2022 and 2021. Competition Our competitors include specialty and other large pharmaceutical companies, medical device companies, biotechnology companies, OTC companies and generic manufacturers, in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and in other countries in which we market our products.
The PIPL is the first national-level law comprehensively regulating issues in relation to personal information protection. The PIPL provides for very specific administrative requirements and security controls when transferring personal data outside the Peoples Republic of China. These transfer requirements come into effect on March 1, 2023.
The PIPL is the first national-level law comprehensively regulating issues in relation to personal information protection. The PIPL provides for very specific administrative requirements and security controls when transferring personal data outside the Peoples Republic of China. These transfer requirements came into effect on March 1, 2023.
Sales and Marketing We sell our portfolio of products and services through direct sales forces and independent distributors depending on specific market and product needs. Our global business sells and distributes products in approximately 100 countries. Our footprint is bolstered by a global commercial team of approximately 4,050 employees.
Sales and Marketing We sell our portfolio of products and services through direct sales forces and independent distributors depending on specific market and product needs. Our global business sells and distributes products in approximately 100 countries. Our footprint is bolstered by a global commercial team of approximately 4,250 employees.
Manufacturing and Supply We manufacture the significant majority of our products at 24 manufacturing facilities in 10 countries worldwide, including the United States, Ireland, China, Germany, France and Italy, with the remainder of our production assigned to high quality third-party manufacturers.
Manufacturing and Supply We manufacture the significant majority of our products at 25 manufacturing facilities in 10 countries worldwide, including the United States, Ireland, China, Germany, France and Italy, with the remainder of our production assigned to high quality third-party manufacturers.
We intend to leverage our global regulatory and commercial capabilities to accelerate product approvals and launches across current and future markets. • Continuous investment in our product pipeline - We continuously search for new product opportunities through internal development and strategic licensing agreements, that, if successful, will allow us to leverage our commercial footprint and supplement our existing product portfolio and address specific unmet needs in the market.
We intend to leverage our global regulatory and commercial capabilities to accelerate product approvals and launches across current and future markets. • Continuous investment in our product portfolio - We continuously search for new product opportunities through internal development and through strategic licensing and acquisition opportunities, that, if successful, will allow us to leverage our commercial footprint and supplement our existing product portfolio and address specific unmet needs in the market.
We believe there is significant opportunity in each of our businesses and we believe our existing portfolio, commercial footprint and pipeline of product development projects position us to build value for our shareholders. Segment Information Our portfolio of products fall into three operating and reportable segments: (i) Vision Care, (ii) Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical.
We believe there is significant opportunity in each of our businesses and we believe our existing portfolio, commercial footprint and pipeline of product development projects position us to build value for our investors. Segment Information Our portfolio of products fall into three operating and reportable segments: (i) Vision Care, (ii) Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical.
In the United States, we have approximately 900 employees on our commercial team dedicated to our efforts to sell and market contact lens, lens care, consumer eye health, surgical and prescription pharmaceutical products, which are sold through wholesalers, retailers and eye care professional practices.
In the United States, we have approximately 1,100 employees on our commercial team dedicated to our efforts to sell and market contact lens, lens care, consumer eye health, surgical and prescription pharmaceutical products, which are sold through wholesalers, retailers and eye care professional practices.
In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission (the FTC), the FDA and state and local authorities regulate the advertising of medical devices, prescription drugs, OTC drugs and cosmetics. The U.S.
In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), the FDA and state and local authorities regulate the advertising of medical devices, prescription drugs, OTC drugs and cosmetics. The U.S.
We plan to develop and commercialize our global pipeline of over 60 projects, many of which are global projects being developed in and for multiple countries.
We plan to develop and, where applicable, commercialize our global pipeline of over 60 projects, many of which are global projects being developed in and for multiple countries.
Products representing approximately 20% of our product sales for 2022 are produced in total, or in part, by third-party manufacturers under manufacturing arrangements. In some cases, the principal raw materials, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, used by us (or our third-party manufacturers) for our various products are purchased in the open market or are otherwise available from several sources.
Products representing approximately 26% of our product sales for 2023 are produced in total, or in part, by third-party manufacturers under manufacturing arrangements. In some cases, the principal raw materials, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, used by us (or our third-party manufacturers) for our various products are purchased in the open market or are otherwise available from several sources.
These global and individual projects are in various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development, including new contact lenses and prescription medications for myopia, next-generation cataract equipment, premium intraocular lenses (“IOLs”), investigational treatments for dry eye, novel formulations for eye vitamins and preservative free formulations of eye drops, among others, that are designed to grow our portfolio and accelerate future growth.
These global and individual projects are in various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development, including new contact lenses for myopia, next-generation cataract equipment, premium IOLs, investigational treatments for dry eye, novel formulations for eye vitamins and preservative free formulations of eye drops, among others, that are designed to grow our portfolio and accelerate future growth.
As of December 31, 2022, approximately 850 dedicated R&D personnel globally in 12 R&D facilities were involved in our R&D efforts.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 850 dedicated R&D personnel globally in 12 R&D facilities were involved in our R&D efforts.
Failure to submit this required information may result in significant civil monetary penalties. We are also subject to the FCPA, the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.
Failure to submit this required information may result in significant civil monetary penalties. We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.
Generally, preclinical studies and clinical trials of the products must first be conducted and the results submitted to the applicable regulatory agency (such as the FDA) for approval. In addition, with respect to medical devices, in April 2017, the European Commission adopted the MDR, which replaced the Medical Device Directive (MDD).
Generally, preclinical studies and clinical trials of the products must first be conducted and the results submitted to the applicable regulatory agency (such as the FDA) for approval. In addition, with respect to medical devices, in April 2017, the European Commission adopted the Medical Device Regulation (“MDR”), which replaced the Medical Device Directive (“MDD”).
Our contact lens business includes sales of traditional, planned replacement disposable and daily disposable soft contact lenses; multifocal, toric and multifocal toric soft contact lenses (commonly known as specialty contact lenses); and RGP materials.
Our contact lens business includes sales of traditional, planned replacement disposable and daily disposable soft contact lenses; multifocal, toric and multifocal toric soft contact lenses (commonly known as specialty contact lenses); and rigid gas permeable (RGP) materials.
Segment revenues for the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
Segment revenues for the years 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 2023 2022 2021 (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
Bausch + Lomb considers relations with employees to be good and have not experienced any work stoppages, slowdowns or other serious labor problems that have materially impeded business operations. During fiscal 2022, Bausch + Lomb did not experience any business disruption as a result of employee turnover.
Bausch + Lomb considers relations with employees to be good and have not experienced any work stoppages, slowdowns or other serious labor problems that have materially impeded business operations. During 2023, Bausch + Lomb did not experience any business disruption as a result of normal course employee turnover.
Such registering entity will then register each of the devices for which they are responsible for placing on the market in the UK, whether in Great Britain or Northern Ireland. Until May 25, 2021, our products bearing a CE mark could be exported from the EEA to Switzerland.
The registering entity will then register each of the devices for which they are responsible for placing on the market in the UK, whether in Great Britain or Northern Ireland, as required by the UM MDR 2002. Until May 25, 2021, our products bearing a CE mark could be exported from the EEA to Switzerland.
We are also subject to extensive and evolving regulations regarding the manufacturing, processing, distribution, importing, exporting, and labeling of our products and their raw materials. In light of the rapid and ongoing developments and expectations relating to these and other environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, we have adopted an integrated ESG program.
We are also subject to extensive and evolving regulations regarding the manufacturing, processing, distribution, importing, exporting, and labeling of our products and their raw materials. In light of the rapid and ongoing global regulations and expectations relating to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, we are developing an integrated ESG program.
On an ongoing basis, we measure how well we are fostering the health and safety of our employees through our Days Away Rate (DAR), which captures globally the number of days that our employees are away from work due to illness or injury.
Health, Safety and Wellness Our employees' health, safety and wellness are of utmost importance to us. On an ongoing basis, we measure how well we are fostering the health and safety of our employees through our Days Away Rate (“DAR”), which captures globally the number of days that our employees are away from work due to illness or injury.
Our sales effort allows us to deliver the full suite of Bausch + Lomb products to key clinician decision makers, recognize cross-selling opportunities for key products from other product categories and impact consumer purchasing decisions. • Our sales representatives within the global consumer products and global vision care business categories are focused on promoting and selling our products to large and mid-sized retailers, pharmacies and eye care professionals as well as optimizing and expanding our shelf presence at retailers. • Our sales representatives within the ophthalmic pharmaceuticals business category are focused on promoting and marketing our products to wholesalers, large retailers, eye care professionals, independent pharmacies and hospitals. • Our sales representatives within the global surgical business category are focused on selling products and equipment to eye care professionals, physicians, including ophthalmic surgeons, hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers.
Our international commercial footprint is represented through approximately 3,150 employees on our commercial team as well as a network of distribution partners. 11 Our sales effort allows us to deliver the full suite of Bausch + Lomb products to key clinician decision makers, recognize cross-selling opportunities for key products from other product categories and impact consumer purchasing decisions. • Our sales representatives within the global consumer products and global vision care business categories are focused on promoting and selling our products to large and mid-sized retailers, pharmacies and eye care professionals as well as optimizing and expanding our shelf presence at retailers. • Our sales representatives within the ophthalmic pharmaceuticals business category are focused on promoting and marketing our products to wholesalers, large retailers, eye care professionals, independent pharmacies and hospitals. • Our sales representatives within the global surgical business category are focused on selling products and equipment to eye care professionals, physicians, including ophthalmic surgeons, hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers.
These agreements may be subject to minimum purchase or sales obligations. Our private label distribution agreements do not, individually or in the aggregate, represent a material portion of our business and we are not substantially dependent on them. We also subcontract the manufacturing of certain of our products, including products manufactured under the rights acquired from other pharmaceutical companies.
Our private label distribution agreements do not, individually or in the aggregate, represent a material portion of our business and we are not substantially dependent on them. We also subcontract the manufacturing of certain of our products, including products manufactured under the rights acquired from other pharmaceutical companies.
Vision Care Our Vision Care segment consists of our consumer eye care and contact lens businesses. For the year ended December 31, 2022, our revenue from the Vision Care segment breaks down as follows: 63% from our consumer eye care business and 37% from our contact lens business.
Vision Care Our Vision Care segment consists of our consumer eye care and contact lens businesses. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our revenue from the Vision Care segment breaks down as follows: 65% from our consumer eye care business and 35% from our contact lens business.
The expiration of these patents is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business. We currently have approximately 90 pending U.S. patent applications.
The expiration of these patents is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business. We currently own or exclusively license approximately 126 pending U.S. patent applications.
Data and Patent Exclusivity For certain of our products, we rely on a combination of regulatory and patent rights to protect the value of our investment in the development of these products. As of February 17, 2023, we own or exclusively license approximately 1,934 granted patents throughout the world, approximately 415 of which are U.S. patents.
Data and Patent Exclusivity For certain of our products, we rely on a combination of regulatory and patent rights to protect the value of our investment in the development of these products. As of February 16, 2024, we own or exclusively license approximately 2,349 granted patents throughout the world, approximately 462 of which are U.S. patents.
Changes in the relative values of currencies may materially affect our results of operations. For a discussion of these risks, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K. See Note 22, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area. Available Information Our Internet address is www.bausch.com .
For a discussion of these risks, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K. See Note 22, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area. Available Information Our Internet address is www.bausch.com .
You are invited to read and copy any reports, statements or other information, other than confidential filings, that we file with the provincial securities commissions. These filings are also electronically available from the Canadian System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”) at www.sedar.com , the Canadian equivalent of the SEC’s electronic document gathering and retrieval system. 15
You are invited to read and copy any reports, statements or other information, other than confidential filings, that we file with the CSA. These filings are also electronically available from the Canadian System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval + (“SEDAR+”) at www.sedarplus.ca , the Canadian equivalent of the SEC’s electronic document gathering and retrieval system. 15
In 2022, we achieved an annual DAR of 5.6, which met our annual not to exceed goal of 7.17 and is far below other similar industry standard DAR of 21.7.
In 2023, we achieved an annual DAR of 6, which met our annual not to exceed goal of 6 and is far below other similar industry standard DAR of 22.
As a consequence, beginning in January 2022 through August 2022 (depending on the class of the device or system in question), we have been required to appoint an authorized representative in Switzerland in order to export our CE- marked medical devices to Switzerland. Additionally, the name and address of the Swiss authorized representative must be placed on the packaging.
As a consequence, beginning in June 2021 through May 2022, we have been required to appoint an authorized representative in Switzerland in order to export our CE- marked medical devices to Switzerland. Additionally, the name and address of the Swiss authorized representative must be placed on the packaging.
Human Capital Resources As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 12,900 employees, which included approximately 7,000 in production, 4,050 in sales and marketing, 1,000 in general and administrative positions and 850 in R&D.
Human Capital Resources As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 13,300 employees, which included approximately 7,200 in production, 4,250 in sales and marketing, 1,000 in general and administrative positions and 850 in R&D.
Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals Our Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals segment consists of a broad line of proprietary and generic pharmaceutical products for post-operative treatments and treatments for a number of eye conditions, such as glaucoma, eye inflammation, ocular hypertension, dry eyes and retinal diseases.
Pharmaceuticals Our Pharmaceuticals segment consists of a broad line of proprietary and generic pharmaceutical products for post-operative treatments and treatments for a number of eye conditions, such as glaucoma, eye inflammation, ocular hypertension, dry eyes and retinal diseases. Effective June 30, 2023, the Company renamed its former Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals segment to the Pharmaceuticals segment.
Of our issued patents, approximately 77% will expire within the next 10 years and the remaining approximately 23% will expire thereafter. Within the next three years, the following number of U.S. patents held by us is set to expire: approximately 17 patents in 2023, approximately 25 patents in 2024 and approximately 24 patents in 2025.
Of our issued patents, approximately 84% will expire within the next 10 years and the remaining approximately 16% will expire thereafter. Within the next three years, the following number of U.S. patents held by us is set to expire: approximately 30 patents in 2024, approximately 29 patents in 2025 and approximately 23 patents in 2026.
These employees are located around the world, with 4,900 in the United States and Canada, 4,700 in Europe, 2,300 in Asia-Pacific countries, 450 in Latin America, 450 in Russia and Commonwealth of Independent State countries and 100 in the Middle East and Africa. Collective bargaining exists for some employees in several countries.
These employees are located around the world, with approximately 5,100 in the United States, 3,300 in Europe excluding Ireland, 2,300 in Asia-Pacific countries, 1,600 in Ireland, 400 in Latin America, 400 in Russia and Commonwealth of Independent State countries, 100 in Canada and 100 in the Middle East and Africa. Collective bargaining exists for some employees in several countries.
Artelac ® is particularly suitable for alleviating mild symptoms of dry eyes and can also be used to moisten hard contact lenses while being worn. • LUMIFY ® (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, 0.025%) is an OTC eye drop developed as an ocular redness reliever.
Artelac ® is particularly suitable for alleviating mild symptoms of dry eyes and can also be used to moisten hard contact lenses while being worn. • Lumify ® (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, 0.025%) is an OTC redness reliever eye drop that significantly reduces redness to help eyes look whiter and brighter, revealing eyes’ natural beauty.
The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal data that may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation.
The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal data that may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. The CPRA significantly modifies the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information.
In international markets, we market Yellox ® (bromfenac ophthalmic solution, 0.9%) which is indicated for the treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation following cataract extraction. • Lotemax ® Suspension (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.5%) is a topical corticosteroid indicated for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe and for the treatment of post-operative inflammation following ocular surgery. • Alrex ® (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.2%) is indicated for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. • Zylet ® (loteprednol etabonate 0.5% and tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic suspension) indicated for the steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where superficial bacterial ocular infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. 4 Surgical Our Surgical segment consists of sales of medical device equipment, consumables and instrumental tools and technologies for the treatment of corneal, cataracts, and vitreous and retinal eye conditions, and includes IOLs and delivery systems, phacoemulsification equipment and other surgical instruments and devices necessary for cataract surgery.
In international markets, we market Yellox TM (bromfenac ophthalmic solution, 0.9%) which is indicated for the treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation following cataract extraction. • Lotemax ® Suspension (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.5%) is a topical corticosteroid indicated for the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe and for the treatment of post-operative inflammation following ocular surgery. • Alrex ® (loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.2%) is indicated for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. 4 • Zylet ® (loteprednol etabonate 0.5% and tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic suspension) indicated for the steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where superficial bacterial ocular infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists.
For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2020, imposes stringent data privacy and security requirements and obligations with respect to the personal information of California residents, including, among other things, new disclosures to California consumers and providing such consumers new data protection and privacy rights, including the ability to opt out of certain sales of personal information.
For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA,” and collectively, the “CCPA”), imposes stringent data privacy and security requirements and obligations with respect to the personal information of California residents, including, among other things, disclosures to California consumers and providing such consumers data protection and privacy rights, including the ability to opt out of certain sales of personal information.
“Risk Factors” of this Form 10-K for additional information on the risks associated with these regulations and related matters. 10 Environmental and Other Regulation We are subject to a broad range of federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations concerning the environment, safety matters, regulation of chemicals and product safety in the countries where we manufacture and sell our products or otherwise operate our business.
Environmental and Other Regulation We are subject to a broad range of federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations concerning the environment, safety matters, regulation of chemicals and product safety in the countries where we manufacture and sell our products or otherwise operate our business.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, our revenue from Surgical products was comprised as follows: 20% from equipment, 27% from implantables and 53% from consumables.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, our revenue from Surgical products was comprised as follows: 25% from equipment, 24% from implantables and 51% from consumables.
In particular, the GDPR includes obligations and restrictions concerning the consent and rights of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, the transfer of personal data out of the EEA, security breach notifications and the security and confidentiality of personal data.
In particular, the GDPR includes obligations and restrictions concerning the consent and rights of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, the transfer of personal data out of the EEA, security breach notifications and the security and confidentiality of personal data. Guidance on implementation and compliance practices is often updated or otherwise revised.
There are some additional requirements for manufacturers who are based outside the UK, such as the requirement to appoint a UK Responsible Person (“UKRP”) to take on certain regulatory responsibilities with respect to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and users or customers in the UK.
There are some additional requirements for manufacturers who are based outside the UK, such as the requirement to appoint a UK Responsible Person (“UKRP”) to take on certain regulatory responsibilities.
This single laser platform enables surgeons to perform capsulotomies, fragmentation, arcuate incisions, corneal incisions, and LASIK flaps. ◦ Teneo TM Excimer Laser system for corneal refractive surgery. • Intraocular Lenses ◦ A portfolio of ophthalmic surgical IOLs, including implantable IOLs such as Akreos ® , enVista ® , Crystalens ® and Trulign ® . • Surgical Instruments ◦ Storz ® Ophthalmic instruments are our suite of surgical instruments which include precision microsurgical instruments, diamond knives and single-use surgical instruments, as well as instruments customized for individual surgeons under the Storz ® Ophthalmic Instrument brand.
This single laser platform enables surgeons to perform capsulotomies, fragmentation, arcuate incisions, corneal incisions, and LASIK flaps. ◦ Teneo TM Excimer Laser system for corneal refractive surgery. • Intraocular Lenses ◦ A portfolio of ophthalmic surgical IOLs, including implantable IOLs such as Akreos ® , enVista ® , Crystalens ® and Trulign ® .
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview — Positioning for Growth” of this Form 10-K. 5 Trademarks, Patents, Exclusivity and Proprietary Know-How The development of new and innovative products, as well as protecting the underlying intellectual property of our product portfolio, is important to our success in all areas of our business.
Trademarks, Patents, Exclusivity and Proprietary Know-How The development of new and innovative products, as well as protecting the underlying intellectual property of our product portfolio, is important to our success in all areas of our business.
The CPRA also creates a new state agency that will be vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. It remains unclear how various provisions of the CCPA and CPRA will be interpreted and enforced, and multiple states have enacted or are expected to enact similar laws.
The CPRA also creates a new state agency vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. In addition, multiple states have enacted or are expected to enact similar laws.
We purchase the materials and components for each of our product categories from a wide variety of suppliers. In order to manage any single-sourced suppliers we maintain sufficient inventory consistent with good practice and production lead- times. We believe that the loss of any one supplier would not adversely affect our business to a significant extent.
In order to manage any single-sourced suppliers we maintain sufficient inventory consistent with good practice and production lead-times. We believe that the loss of any one supplier would not adversely affect our business to a significant extent. Some of our products are provided by suppliers under a private label distribution agreement.
For example, with respect to some of our largest or most significant products, the supply of the finished product for each of our Lumify ® , Vyzulta ® , SofLens ® , Renu ® and PureVision ® products are only available from a 12 single source.
For example, with respect to some of our largest or most significant products, the supply of the finished product for each of our Lumify ® , Vyzulta ® , SofLens ® , MIEBO ® , XIIDRA ® and PureVision ® products are only available from a single source, the supply of the active pharmaceutical ingredients or other components for our Vyzulta ® , MIEBO ® and PreserVision ® products are also only available from a single source and certain of our Biotrue ® , Softlens ® and Ultra ® contact lens products are also only available from a single source.
Geographic Areas A significant portion of our revenues is generated from operations or otherwise earned outside the U.S. and Canada. All of our foreign operations are subject to risks inherent in conducting business abroad, including price and currency exchange controls, fluctuations in the relative values of currencies, political and economic instability and restrictive governmental actions including possible nationalization or expropriation.
All of our foreign operations are subject to risks inherent in conducting business abroad, including price and currency exchange controls, fluctuations in the relative values of currencies, political and economic instability and restrictive governmental actions including possible nationalization or expropriation. Changes in the relative values of currencies may materially affect our results of operations.
However, as of May 26, 2021, the EU no longer applies the Mutual Recognition Agreement between the EEA and Switzerland. Accordingly, legal manufacturers in Switzerland are required to appoint a European Union authorized representative, and manufacturers outside of Switzerland are required to appoint a Swiss authorized representative in compliance with the Medical Device Ordinance.
Accordingly, legal manufacturers in Switzerland are required to appoint a European Union authorized representative, and manufacturers outside of Switzerland are required to appoint a Swiss authorized representative in compliance with the Swiss Medical Device Ordinance.
As a separate entity, Bausch + Lomb’s management believes that it is positioned to focus on its core businesses to drive additional growth, more effectively allocate capital and better manage our capital needs. Further, the Separation allows us and the market to compare the operating results of our eye health business with other “pure play” eye health companies.
As a separate entity, Bausch + Lomb’s management believes that it is positioned to focus on its core businesses to drive additional growth, more effectively allocate capital and better manage our capital needs.
Our employees around the world participated in activities hosted by these networks throughout the year, including a Spring Festival informational talk, a virtual concert sharing the history of Black artistry in honor of Juneteenth, a Veteran’s Day tribute and the PRIDE month movement challenge.
Our employees around the world participated in activities hosted by these networks throughout the year, including an International Women’s Day event, a virtual concert sharing the history of Black artistry in honor of Juneteenth, a session fostering LGBTQ+ allyship, and a Veteran’s Day event.
After that, devices destined for Great Britain will be required to follow the UK regulatory regime and to be labeled with the UKCA mark. Northern Ireland will, however, continue to accept CE marked devices.
After that, devices destined for Great Britain will be required to follow the future UK regulatory regime, which is expected to come into force in 2025. Northern Ireland will, however, continue to accept CE marked devices.
The GDPR became effective on May 25, 2018, repealing its predecessor directive and increasing responsibility and liability of companies in relation to the processing of personal data of EU data subjects.
For example, in the EEA, the collection and use of personal data, including clinical trial data, is governed by the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The GDPR became effective on May 25, 2018, repealing its predecessor directive and increasing responsibility and liability of companies in relation to the processing of personal data of EU data subjects.
The registration statement related to the initial public offering of Bausch + Lomb (the “B+L IPO”) was declared effective on May 5, 2022, and our common shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange, in each case under the ticker symbol “BLCO”, on May 6, 2022.
This resulted in the initial public offering of Bausch + Lomb (the “B+L IPO”), and our common shares began trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange, in each case under the ticker symbol “BLCO”, on May 6, 2022. Prior to the completion of the B+L IPO, we were an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of BHC.
Our iconic brand is built on the deep trust and loyalty of our customers established over our nearly 170-year history. We have a significant global research, development, manufacturing and commercial footprint of approximately 12,900 employees and a presence in approximately 100 countries, extending our reach to billions of potential customers across the globe.
We have a significant global research, development, manufacturing and commercial footprint of approximately 13,300 employees and a presence in approximately 100 countries, extending our reach to billions of potential customers across the globe.
Bausch + Lomb INFUSE ® was launched in the United States in August 2020 and BAUSCH + LOMB ULTRA ® ONE DAY was launched in Canada, Australia, and Hong Kong in November 2020 and in Europe during 2022. • AQUALOX TM in Japan, a silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lens designed to provide clear vision throughout the day. • Bausch + Lomb ULTRA ® , a silicone hydrogel frequent replacement contact lens for patients with myopia or hyperopia that uses our proprietary MoistureSeal ® technology, which allows the contact lens to retain 95% of moisture after 16 hours of wear, limiting lens dryness and resulting symptoms. • Bausch + Lomb ULTRA ® for Astigmatism, a monthly planned replacement contact lens for astigmatic patients developed using our proprietary MoistureSeal ® technology.
We launched our first silicone hydrogel daily disposable multifocal contact lens in May 2023, and plan to launch a toric lens in 2024. • Bausch + Lomb ULTRA ® , a silicone hydrogel frequent replacement contact lens for patients with myopia or hyperopia that uses our proprietary MoistureSeal ® technology, which allows the contact lens to retain 95% of moisture after 16 hours of wear, limiting lens dryness and resulting symptoms. • Bausch + Lomb ULTRA ® for Astigmatism, a monthly planned replacement contact lens for astigmatic patients developed using our proprietary MoistureSeal ® technology.
To enable devices to be placed on the market in the UK after January 1, 2021 (even for CE marked devices), a UK manufacturer must register with the MHRA, as must a UKRP for an overseas manufacturer.
To enable devices to be placed on the market in the UK after January 1, 2021 (even for CE marked devices), a UK manufacturer, a UKRP for an overseas manufacturer or an EU Authorised Representative based in Northern Ireland (for the purposes of the Northern Ireland market) must register with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”).
Government Regulations Government authorities in the United States, at the federal, state and local level, in Canada, in the EU and in other countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, approval, clearance, manufacturing, labeling, post-approval monitoring and reporting, packaging, advertising and promotion, storage, distribution, marketing and export and import of pharmaceutical products and medical devices.
To the extent that our commercial partners, collaborators, employees and consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions . 7 Government Regulations Government authorities in the United States, at the federal, state and local level, in Canada, in the EU and in other countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, approval, clearance, manufacturing, labeling, post-approval monitoring and reporting, packaging, advertising and promotion, storage, distribution, marketing and export and import of pharmaceutical products and medical devices.
Some of our products are provided by suppliers under a private label distribution agreement. Under these agreements, the supplier generally retains the intellectual property and exclusive manufacturing rights. The supplier private labels the products under the Bausch + Lomb brand for sale in certain fields of use and geographic territories.
Under these agreements, the supplier generally retains the intellectual property and exclusive manufacturing rights. The supplier private labels the 12 products under the Bausch + Lomb brand for sale in certain fields of use and geographic territories. These agreements may be subject to minimum purchase or sales obligations.
Our principal Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals include: • XIPERE ® (triamcinolone acetonide suprachoroidal injectable suspension) is a proprietary suspension of the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide formulated for suprachoroidal administration via Clearside’s proprietary SCS Microinjector ® .
We launched MIEBO ® in the U.S. during the third quarter of 2023. • XIPERE ® (triamcinolone acetonide suprachoroidal injectable suspension) is a proprietary suspension of the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide formulated for suprachoroidal administration via Clearside’s proprietary SCS Microinjector ® .
Under both the U.S. and the EU data exclusivity programs, products without patent protection can be marketed by others so long as they repeat the clinical trials necessary to show safety and efficacy.
Under both the U.S. and the EU data exclusivity programs, products without patent protection can be marketed by others so long as they repeat the clinical trials necessary to show safety and efficacy. 6 In the United States, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act ("BPCIA") allows companies to seek FDA approval to manufacture and sell biosimilar or interchangeable versions of brand name biological products.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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Whether BHC proceeds with the Distribution pursuant to the Arrangement or otherwise, in whole or in part, is subject to a number of conditions precedent, many of which are outside our control.
Whether BHC proceeds with the Distribution pursuant to the Distribution Arrangement or otherwise, in whole or in part, is subject to a number of conditions precedent, many of which are outside our control.
It is possible that future factors may arise that make it inadvisable to proceed with, or advisable to delay, all or part of the Distribution, which may include an amendment to the Plan of Arrangement to modify, add or remove certain steps in the Arrangement, or to amend the terms of the Arrangement Agreement.
It is possible that future factors may arise that make it inadvisable to proceed with, or advisable to delay, all or part of the Distribution, which may include an amendment to the Distribution Plan of Arrangement to modify, add or remove certain steps in the Distribution Arrangement, or to amend the terms of the Distribution Arrangement Agreement.
The Arrangement Agreement may also be terminated in certain circumstances, including by BHC in its sole discretion at any time before the Arrangement is implemented. BHC will have the right to abandon or change the structure of the Distribution if BHC determines to do so in its sole discretion.
The Distribution Arrangement Agreement may also be terminated in certain circumstances, including by BHC in its sole discretion at any time before the Distribution Arrangement is implemented. BHC will have the right to abandon or change the structure of the Distribution if BHC determines to do so in its sole discretion.
As long as BHC controls a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common shares with respect to a particular matter, it will generally be able to determine the outcome of all corporate actions requiring shareholder approval (as further described below) and will be able to block a takeover bid made for the shares of the Company as Canadian securities laws require that a minimum of 50% of the issued and outstanding shares be tendered to the bid in order for the bid to succeed.
As long as BHC controls a majority of the voting power of our issued and outstanding common shares with respect to a particular matter, it will generally be able to determine the outcome of all corporate actions requiring shareholder approval (as further described below) and will be able to block a takeover bid made for the shares of the Company as Canadian securities laws require that a minimum of 50% of the issued and outstanding shares be tendered to the bid in order for the bid to succeed.
Levels of market acceptance for our new products could be impacted by several factors, some of which are not within our control, including but not limited to the following: • safety, efficacy, convenience and cost-effectiveness of our products compared to the products of our competitors; • scope of approved uses and marketing approval; 30 • availability of patent or regulatory exclusivity; • timing of market approvals and market entry; • ongoing regulatory obligations following approval, such as the requirement to conduct Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”) programs; • any restrictions or “black box” warnings required on the labeling of such products; • availability of alternative products from our competitors; • acceptance of the price of our products; • effectiveness of our sales forces and promotional efforts; • the level of reimbursement of our products; • acceptance of our products on government and private formularies; • ability to market our products effectively at the retail level or in the appropriate setting of care; and • the reputation of our products.
Levels of market acceptance for our new products could be impacted by several factors, some of which are not within our control, including but not limited to the following: • safety, efficacy, convenience and cost-effectiveness of our products compared to the products of our competitors; • scope of approved uses and marketing approval; • availability of patent or regulatory exclusivity; • timing of market approvals and market entry; 30 • ongoing regulatory obligations following approval, such as the requirement to conduct Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (“REMS”) programs; • any restrictions or “black box” warnings required on the labeling of such products; • availability of alternative products from our competitors; • acceptance of the price of our products; • effectiveness of our sales forces and promotional efforts; • the level of reimbursement of our products; • acceptance of our products on government and private formularies; • ability to market our products effectively at the retail level or in the appropriate setting of care; and • the reputation of our products.
Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants, advisors and partners do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that such persons have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers or other third parties, or to claims that we have improperly used or obtained such trade secrets.
Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants, advisors and partners do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or such persons have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers or other third parties, or to claims that we have improperly used or obtained such trade secrets.
As long as BHC controls the majority of the voting power of our outstanding common shares, except where Canadian law requires that a matter be determined by a majority of the votes cast by minority shareholders and excludes BHC from the minority for that purpose, BHC will generally be able to control, whether directly or indirectly through its ability to remove and elect directors, and subject to applicable law, substantially all matters affecting us, including: • any determination with respect to our business direction and policies, including the election and removal of directors and the appointment and removal of officers; • any determinations with respect to mergers, amalgamations, business combinations or dispositions of assets; • our financing and dividend policy, and the payment of dividends on our common shares, if any; • compensation and benefit programs and other human resources policy decisions; • changes to any other agreements that may adversely affect us; and • determinations with respect to our tax returns and other tax matters.
As long as BHC controls the majority of the voting power of our outstanding common shares, except where Canadian law requires that a matter be determined by a majority of the votes cast by minority shareholders and excludes BHC from the 21 minority for that purpose, BHC will generally be able to control, whether directly or indirectly through its ability to remove and elect directors, and subject to applicable law, substantially all matters affecting us, including: • any determination with respect to our business direction and policies, including the election and removal of directors and the appointment and removal of officers; • any determinations with respect to mergers, amalgamations, business combinations or dispositions of assets; • our financing and dividend policy, and the payment of dividends on our common shares, if any; • compensation and benefit programs and other human resources policy decisions; • changes to any other agreements that may adversely affect us; and • determinations with respect to our tax returns and other tax matters.
Our failure or that of our contract manufacturers to comply with cGMP regulations, quality system management requirements or similar regulations outside of the United States, or compliance with environmental laws or regulations, could result in enforcement action by the FDA or its foreign counterparts, or other regulatory bodies, including, but not limited to, warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or importation, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval for approved or in-market products, refusal of the government to renew marketing applications or approve pending applications or supplements, refusal of certificates for export to foreign jurisdictions, suspension of ongoing 28 clinical trials, imposition of new manufacturing requirements, closure of facilities and criminal prosecution.
Our failure or that of our contract manufacturers to comply with cGMP regulations, quality system management requirements or similar regulations outside of the United States, or compliance with environmental laws or regulations, could result in enforcement action by the FDA or its foreign counterparts, or other regulatory bodies, including, but not limited to, warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or importation, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval for approved or in-market products, refusal of the government to renew marketing applications or approve pending applications or supplements, refusal of certificates for export to foreign jurisdictions, suspension of ongoing clinical trials, imposition of new manufacturing requirements, closure of facilities and criminal prosecution.
In particular, such historical financial information included in this Form 10-K is not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial condition or cash flows primarily because of the following factors, among others: • Prior to the B+L IPO, our business had been operated by BHC as part of its broader corporate organization, rather than as an independent company; BHC or one of its affiliates provided support for various corporate functions for us, such as information technology, compensation and benefits, human resources, engineering, finance and internal audit. • Our historical financial results prior to the B+L IPO reflect the direct, indirect and allocated costs for such services historically provided by BHC.
In particular, such historical financial information included in this Form 10-K is not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial condition or cash flows primarily because of the following factors, among others: • Prior to the B+L IPO, our business had been operated by BHC as part of its broader corporate organization, rather than as an independent company; BHC or one of its affiliates provided support for various corporate functions for us, such as information technology, compensation and benefits, human resources, engineering, finance and internal audit. 20 • Our historical financial results prior to the B+L IPO reflect the direct, indirect and allocated costs for such services historically provided by BHC.
These include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) for material corporate transactions (such as mergers and amalgamations, other extraordinary corporate transactions or amendments to the Company’s articles) the CBCA generally requires approval by 66 2/3% of the 49 votes cast by shareholders who voted, or as set out in the articles, as applicable, whereas DGCL generally requires only a majority vote; (ii) under the CBCA, holders of 5% or more of the Company’s shares that carry the right to vote at a meeting of shareholders can requisition a special meeting of shareholders, whereas such right does not exist under the DGCL; and (iii) in an uncontested election of directors at a shareholder meeting, the directors must be elected on an individual basis by majority vote.
These include, but are not limited to, the following: (i) for material corporate transactions (such as mergers and amalgamations, other extraordinary corporate transactions or amendments to the Company’s articles) the CBCA generally requires approval by 66 2/3% of the votes cast by shareholders who voted, or as set out in the articles, as applicable, whereas DGCL generally requires only a majority vote; (ii) under the CBCA, holders of 5% or more of the Company’s shares that carry the right to vote at a meeting of shareholders can requisition a special meeting of shareholders, whereas such right does not exist under the DGCL; and (iii) in an uncontested election of directors at a shareholder meeting, the directors must be elected on an individual basis by majority vote.
These events include circumstances where: (i) a “specified shareholder” as defined for purposes of the “butterfly reorganization” rules in Section 55 of the Tax Act disposes of our shares or shares of BHC, or property that derives 10% or more of its value from such shares and an unrelated person or a partnership acquires such property or property substituted therefor as part of the “series of transactions” which includes the Distribution; (ii) there is an acquisition of control of the 24 Company or BHC that is part of the “series of transactions” that includes the Distribution; or (iii) certain persons acquire shares in our capital (other than in specified permitted transactions) in contemplation of, and as part of the “series of transactions” that includes, the Distribution.
These events include circumstances where: (i) a “specified shareholder” as defined for purposes of the “butterfly reorganization” rules in Section 55 of the Tax Act disposes of our shares or shares of BHC, or property that derives 10% or more of its value from such shares and an unrelated person or a partnership acquires such property or property substituted therefor as part of the “series of transactions” which includes the Distribution; (ii) there is an acquisition of control of the Company or BHC that is part of the “series of transactions” that includes the Distribution; or (iii) certain persons acquire shares in our capital (other than in specified permitted transactions) in contemplation of, and as part of the “series of transactions” that includes, the Distribution.
In addition, pursuant to the Master Separation Agreement entered into by us and BHC in connection with the B+L IPO, until BHC ceases to hold 50% of the total voting power of our outstanding share capital entitled to vote in the election of our directors, we will not be permitted, without BHC’s prior written consent, (or, in certain circumstances, the approval of the BHC Board of Directors), to take certain significant actions.
In addition, pursuant to the Master Separation Agreement entered into by us and BHC in connection with the B+L IPO (the “MSA”), until BHC ceases to hold 50% of the total voting power of our outstanding share capital entitled to vote in the election of our directors, we will not be permitted, without BHC’s prior written consent, (or, in certain circumstances, the approval of the BHC Board of Directors), to take certain significant actions.
The federal and Alberta legislation include mandatory data breach notification requirements. Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) also applies to the extent that we send commercial electronic messages from Canada or to electronic addresses in Canada. CASL contains prescriptive consent, form, content and unsubscribe mechanism requirements. Penalties for non-compliance with CASL are up to CAD $10 million per violation.
The federal, Quebec and Alberta legislation include mandatory data breach notification requirements. Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) also applies to the extent that we send commercial electronic messages from Canada or to electronic addresses in Canada. CASL contains prescriptive consent, form, content and unsubscribe mechanism requirements. Penalties for non-compliance with CASL are up to CAD $10 million per violation.
While we attempt to take appropriate security and cybersecurity measures to protect our information technology systems and infrastructure (including any trade secrets, confidential or other sensitive information) and to prevent and detect breakdowns, unauthorized breaches and cyber-attacks, we cannot guarantee that these measures will be successful and that breakdowns and breaches of, or attacks on, our systems and data, or those of third parties upon which we rely, will be 41 prevented.
While we attempt to take appropriate security and cybersecurity measures to protect our information technology systems and infrastructure (including any trade secrets, confidential or other sensitive information) and to prevent and detect breakdowns, unauthorized breaches and cyber-attacks, we cannot guarantee that these measures will be successful and that breakdowns and breaches of, or attacks on, our systems and data, or those of third parties upon which we rely, will be prevented.
BHC will have the right, in its sole discretion to amend the Plan of Arrangement and to make any necessary conforming changes to the Arrangement Agreement so long as it has determined, acting reasonably, that such amendment(s) are not materially adverse to us or to our shareholders from a financial perspective.
BHC will have the right, in its sole discretion to amend the Distribution Plan of Arrangement and to make any necessary conforming changes to the Distribution Arrangement Agreement so long as it has determined, acting reasonably, that such amendment(s) are not materially adverse to us or to our shareholders from a financial perspective.
In retaliation against new international sanctions and as part of measures to stabilize and support the volatile Russian financial and currency markets, the Russian authorities also imposed significant currency control measures aimed at restricting the outflow of foreign currency and capital from Russia, imposed various restrictions on 37 transacting with non-Russian parties, banned exports of various products and imposed other economic and financial restrictions.
In retaliation against new international sanctions and as part of measures to stabilize and support the volatile Russian financial and currency markets, the Russian authorities also imposed significant currency control measures aimed at restricting the outflow of foreign currency and capital from Russia, imposed various restrictions on transacting with non-Russian parties, banned exports of various products and imposed other economic and financial restrictions.
In addition, if such an event were due to an act of BHC (or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, other than the Company or its subsidiaries) or the Company (or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates), or an omission by BHC or the Company to act, then BHC (in the case of an action taken by it or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates (other than the Company and its subsidiaries)) or the Company (in the case of any action taken by it or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates), as applicable, would generally be required to indemnify the other party for tax under the Arrangement Agreement.
In addition, if such an event were due to an act of BHC (or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, other than the Company or its subsidiaries) or the Company (or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates), or an omission by BHC or the Company to act, then BHC (in the case of an action taken by it or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates (other than the Company and its subsidiaries)) or the Company (in the case of any action taken by it or one of its subsidiaries or controlled affiliates), as applicable, would generally be required to indemnify the other party for tax under the Distribution Arrangement Agreement.
Finally, while we are not currently 38 conducting clinical trials in Russia, Belarus or Ukraine, certain planned trials in Russia and any future trials in this region will need to be postponed and/or relocated; however, we do not anticipate that the impact of this postponement or relocation will have a material impact to any of our development programs or pipeline products.
Finally, while we are not currently conducting clinical trials in Russia, Belarus or Ukraine, certain planned trials in Russia and any future trials in this region will need to be postponed and/or relocated; however, we do not anticipate that the impact of this postponement or relocation will have a material impact to any of our development programs or pipeline products.
Pursuant to our by-laws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Supreme Court of British Columbia and the appellate courts therefrom shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of ours to us; (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim arising out of any provision of the CBCA or our constating documents (as they may be amended from time to time); or (iv) any action or proceeding asserting a claim otherwise related to the relationships among the Company, its affiliates and their respective shareholders, directors and/or officers, other than claims related to the business carried on by the Company or such affiliates (such provision, the “Canadian Forum Provision”).
Pursuant to our by-laws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Supreme Court of British Columbia and the appellate courts therefrom shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of ours to us; (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim arising out of any provision of the CBCA or our by-laws (as they may be amended from time to time); or (iv) any action or proceeding asserting a claim otherwise related to the relationships among the Company, its affiliates and their respective shareholders, directors and/or officers, other than claims related to the business carried on by the Company or such affiliates (such provision, the “Canadian Forum Provision”).
Any negative impact on economic conditions and international markets, continued volatility or deterioration in the debt and equity capital markets, inflation, deflation or other adverse economic conditions may adversely affect our business, liquidity, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Any negative impact on economic conditions and international markets, continued volatility or deterioration in the debt and equity capital markets, inflation, deflation or other adverse economic conditions may adversely affect our business, liquidity, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
In addition, in the United States, it has become increasingly common for patent infringement actions to prompt claims that antitrust laws have been violated during the prosecution of the patent or during litigation involving the defense of that 44 patent. Such claims by direct and indirect purchasers and other payers are typically filed as class actions.
In addition, in the United States, it has become increasingly common for patent infringement actions to prompt claims that antitrust laws have been violated during the prosecution of the patent or during litigation involving the defense of that patent. Such claims by direct and indirect purchasers and other payers are typically filed as class actions.
While we do not 48 believe this will have a significant impact on our future cash flows, we cannot provide assurance as to the ultimate content, timing, effect or impact of such a plan. In 2019, the Government of Canada (Health Canada) published in the Canada Gazette amendments to the pricing regulation for patented drugs.
While we do not believe this will have a significant impact on our future cash flows, we cannot provide assurance as to the ultimate content, timing, effect or impact of such a plan. In 2019, the Government of Canada (Health Canada) published in the Canada Gazette amendments to the pricing regulation for patented drugs.
Risks Relating to our Common Shares Our by-laws designate specific courts in Canada and the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our shareholders, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
Risks Relating to our Common Shares 50 Our by-laws designate specific courts in Canada and the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our shareholders, which could limit our shareholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.
There can be no assurance that these agreements will be self-executing or otherwise provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other intellectual property or proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure or misappropriation of such information and disputes may still arise with respect to the ownership of intellectual property.
There can be no assurance that these agreements will be self-executing or otherwise provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other intellectual property or proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure or 40 misappropriation of such information and disputes may still arise with respect to the ownership of intellectual property.
In addition, the transfer of certain other assets and liabilities from BHC to us contemplated by the Separation are not yet complete. The Separation requires us to replace shared contracts and, with respect to certain contracts that are to be assigned from BHC or its affiliates to us or our affiliates, to obtain consents and assignments from third parties.
In addition, the transfer of certain other assets and liabilities from BHC to us contemplated by the Separation are not yet complete. 25 The Separation requires us to replace shared contracts and, with respect to certain contracts that are to be assigned from BHC or its affiliates to us or our affiliates, to obtain consents and assignments from third parties.
Such breakdowns and breaches of, or attacks on, our systems and infrastructure, or the public perception that we or any third party upon which we rely have suffered a cybersecurity incident or breakdown, may cause business interruption and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, damage our reputation with customers, employees and third parties with whom we do business and cause the market value of our common shares to decline, and we may suffer financial damage or other loss, including fines or criminal penalties or may be subject to litigation, including potentially class action law suits because of lost or misappropriated information.
Such breakdowns and breaches of, or attacks on, our systems and infrastructure, or the public perception that we or any third party upon which we rely have suffered a cybersecurity incident or breakdown, may cause business interruption and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations, damage our reputation with customers, employees and third parties with whom we do business and cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline, and we may suffer financial damage or other loss, including fines or criminal penalties or may be subject to litigation, including potentially class action law suits because of lost or misappropriated information.
Completion of any plan of arrangement under applicable corporate law (including the Plan of Arrangement) would also be subject to approvals, including by receipt of applicable shareholder approvals and receipt of and compliance with the interim and final orders from the Supreme Court of British Columbia (the “Interim Order” and the “Final Order,” respectively).
Completion of any plan of arrangement under applicable corporate law (including the Distribution Plan of Arrangement) would also be subject to approvals, including by receipt of applicable shareholder approvals and receipt of and compliance with the interim and final orders from the Supreme Court of British Columbia (the “Interim Order” and the “Final Order,” respectively).
This action seeks a declaratory judgment that the transfer of assets from BHC to us would constitute a voidable transfer under New Jersey’s 20 Uniform Voidable Transactions Act and that we would become liable for damages awarded against BHC in the individual opt-out actions.
This action seeks a declaratory judgment that the transfer of assets from BHC to us would constitute a voidable transfer under New Jersey’s Uniform Voidable Transactions Act and that we would become liable for damages awarded against BHC in the individual opt-out actions.
If we are unable to adequately recognize and respond to such developments and governmental, societal, investor and consumer expectations relating to such ESG matters, we may miss corporate opportunities, become subject to additional scrutiny, incur unexpected costs or experience damage to our reputation or our various brands.
If we are unable to adequately recognize and respond to such developments and governmental, societal, investor and consumer expectations relating to such 35 ESG matters, we may miss corporate opportunities, become subject to additional scrutiny, incur unexpected costs or experience damage to our reputation or our various brands.
We could experience substantial production delays or inventory shortages in the event of any such occurrence until we or they repair such equipment or facility or we or they build or locate replacement equipment or a replacement facility, as applicable, and seek to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for such replacement.
We could experience substantial production delays or inventory shortages in the event of any such occurrence until we or 28 they repair such equipment or facility or we or they build or locate replacement equipment or a replacement facility, as applicable, and seek to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for such replacement.
We may take advantage of these exemptions from time to time. Upon completion of the Separation, we will no longer qualify as a controlled company and will be required to fully implement NYSE corporate governance requirements within one year of the Distribution.
We may take advantage of these exemptions from time to time. Upon completion of the Distribution, we will no longer qualify as a controlled company and will be required to fully implement NYSE corporate governance requirements within one year of the Distribution.
Any failure of such third parties to meet these legal, contractual and regulatory obligations or any improper actions by such third parties or even allegations of such non-compliance or actions could damage our reputation, adversely impact our ability to conduct business in certain markets and subject us to civil or criminal legal proceedings and regulatory investigations, monetary and non-monetary damages and penalties and could cause us to incur significant legal and investigatory fees and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Any failure of such third parties to meet these legal, contractual and regulatory obligations or any improper actions by such third parties or even allegations of such non-compliance or actions could damage our reputation, adversely impact our ability to conduct business in certain markets and subject us to civil or criminal legal proceedings and regulatory investigations, monetary and non-monetary damages and penalties and could cause us to incur significant legal and investigatory fees and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Furthermore, as a result of any failure to retain, or loss of, any executives or key employees, we may experience increased costs in order to identify and recruit a suitable replacement in a timely manner (and, even if we are able to hire a qualified successor, the search process and transition period may be difficult to manage and result in additional periods of uncertainty), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Furthermore, as a result of any failure to retain, or loss of, any executives or key employees, we may experience increased costs in order to identify and recruit a suitable replacement in a timely manner (and, even if we are able to hire a qualified successor, the search process and transition period may be difficult to manage and result in additional periods of uncertainty), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
In addition, incidents of adverse drug reactions, unintended side effects or misuse relating to our products could result in additional regulatory controls or restrictions, or even lead to the regulatory authority requiring us to recall or withdraw the product from the market.
In addition, incidents of adverse drug reactions, unintended side effects or misuse relating to our products could result in additional regulatory controls or restrictions, or even lead to the regulatory authority requiring us to recall or withdraw the 27 product from the market.
Although we establish reserves based on our prior experience, wholesaler data, then-current on-hand inventory, our best estimates of the impact that these policies may have in subsequent periods and certain other considerations, we cannot ensure that our reserves are adequate or that actual product returns, rebates, allowances and chargebacks will not exceed our estimates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Although we establish reserves based on our prior experience, wholesaler data, then-current on-hand inventory, our best estimates of the impact that these policies may have in subsequent periods and certain other considerations, we cannot ensure that our reserves are adequate or that actual product returns, rebates, allowances and chargebacks will not exceed our estimates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Companies may not promote drugs or devices for “off-label” uses—that is, 45 uses that are not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those approved by the FDA, Health Canada, EMA or other applicable regulatory agencies.
Companies may not promote drugs or devices for “off-label” uses—that is, uses that are not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those approved by the FDA, Health Canada, EMA or other applicable regulatory agencies.
Such events may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, and could cause customers and business partners to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.
Such 47 events may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, and could cause customers and business partners to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business.
We have operations in various countries that have differing tax laws and rates. Our tax reporting is supported by current domestic tax laws in the countries in which we operate and the application of tax treaties between the various 42 countries in which we operate. Our income tax reporting is subject to audit by domestic and foreign authorities.
We have operations in various countries that have differing tax laws and rates. Our tax reporting is supported by current domestic tax laws in the countries in which we operate and the application of tax treaties between the various countries in which we operate. Our income tax reporting is subject to audit by domestic and foreign authorities.
As a result of the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the current and any future responses by the global community to such conflict and any counter responses by the Russian government or other entities or individuals, and the potential expansion of the conflict to other countries, we have experienced and may continue to experience an adverse impact on our business and operations in this region, as well as on our business and operations generally, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
As a result of the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the current and any future responses by the global community to such conflict and any counter responses by the Russian government or other entities or individuals, and the potential expansion of the conflict to other countries, we have experienced and may continue to experience an adverse impact on our business and operations in this region, as well as on our business and operations generally, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
A further protracted conflict between Ukraine and Russia, any escalation of that conflict, and the financial and economic sanctions and import and/or export controls imposed on Russia by the United States, the UK, the EU, Canada and others, and the above-mentioned adverse effect on our operations (both in this region and generally) and on the wider global economy and market conditions could, in turn, have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
A further protracted conflict between Ukraine and Russia, any escalation of that conflict, and the financial and economic sanctions and import and/or export controls imposed on Russia by the United States, the UK, the EU, Canada and others, and the above-mentioned adverse effect on our operations (both in this region and generally) and on the wider global economy and market conditions could, in turn, have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If we fail to adequately forecast demand for any new or existing product, or fail to determine the appropriate product mix for production purposes, we may face production capacity issues in manufacturing sufficient quantities of a given product.
If we fail to adequately forecast demand for any new or existing product, or fail to determine the appropriate product mix for production purposes, we may 29 face production capacity issues in manufacturing sufficient quantities of a given product.
For a number of our commercialized products and pipeline products, including XIPERE ® , LUMIFY ® and VYZULTA ® , we rely on licenses to patents and other technologies, know-how and proprietary rights held by third parties.
For a number of our commercialized products and pipeline products, including MIEBO ® , XIPERE ® , LUMIFY ® and VYZULTA ® , we rely on licenses to patents and other technologies, know-how and proprietary rights held by third parties.
In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility also contains financial covenants that (1) prior to the IG Trigger (as defined below), require us to, if, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022), loans under the Revolving Credit Facility and swingline loans are outstanding in an aggregate amount greater than 40% of the total commitments in respect of the Revolving Credit Facility at such time, maintain a maximum first lien net leverage ratio of not greater than 4.50:1.00 and (2) after the IG Trigger, require us to, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending after the IG Trigger, (a) maintain a total leverage ratio of not greater than 4.00:1.00 (provided that such ratio will increase to 4.50:1.00 in connection with certain acquisitions for the four fiscal quarter period commencing with the quarter in which such acquisition is consummated) and (b) maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00:1.00.
The Revolving Credit Facility also contains financial covenants that: (1) prior to the IG Trigger (as defined herein), require us to, if, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022), loans under the Revolving Credit Facility and swingline loans are outstanding in an aggregate amount greater than 40% of the total commitments in respect of the Revolving Credit Facility at such time, maintain a maximum first lien net leverage ratio of not greater than 4.50:1.00 and (2) after the IG Trigger, require us to, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending after the IG Trigger, (a) maintain a total leverage ratio of not greater than 4.00:1.00 (provided that such ratio will increase to 4.50:1.00 in connection with certain acquisitions for the four fiscal quarter period commencing with the quarter in which such acquisition is consummated) and (b) maintain an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00:1.00.
In addition, any prolonged disruption in the operations of our existing manufacturing or distribution facilities, whether due to technical, labor or other difficulties, weather conditions, equipment malfunction, contamination, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, destruction of or damage to any facility or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
In addition, any prolonged disruption in the operations of our existing manufacturing or distribution facilities, whether due to technical, labor or other difficulties, weather conditions, equipment malfunction, contamination, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, destruction of or damage to any facility or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If our products are not included within an adequate number of formularies or adequate reimbursement levels are not provided, or if those policies increasingly favor generic products, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations or result in additional pricing pressure on our products and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline. 31 Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
If our products are not included within an adequate number of formularies or adequate reimbursement levels are not provided, or if those policies increasingly favor generic products, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations or result in additional pricing pressure on our products and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline. 31 Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
Although the Distribution is expected to be structured to comply with these rules, and although BHC and the Company have each agreed to provide certain tax-related covenants in the Arrangement Agreement, certain events could occur that may not be within the control of the Company and/or BHC, including certain actions taken by one or more of the shareholders of the Company and/or BHC, none of whom are, to the Company’s knowledge, bound by any similar covenants (other than BHC pursuant to its tax-related covenants).
Although the Distribution would be expected to be structured to comply with these rules, and although BHC and the Company have each agreed to provide certain tax-related covenants in the Distribution Arrangement Agreement, certain events could occur that may not be within the control of the Company and/or BHC, including certain actions taken by one or more of the shareholders of the Company and/or BHC, none of whom are, to the Company’s knowledge, bound by any similar covenants (other than BHC pursuant to its tax-related covenants).
Our ability to effectively monitor and respond to the rapid and ongoing developments and expectations relating to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, including related social expectations and concerns, may impose unexpected costs or result in reputational or other harm that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Our ability to effectively monitor and respond to the rapid and ongoing developments and expectations relating to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, including related social expectations and concerns, may impose unexpected costs or result in reputational or other harm that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
The failure to obtain, maintain, enforce or defend such intellectual property rights, for any reason, could allow third parties to develop, manufacture and sell products that compete with our products or may impact our ability to develop, manufacture and market our own products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
The failure to obtain, maintain, enforce or defend such intellectual property rights, for any reason, could allow third parties to develop, manufacture and sell products that compete with our products or may impact our ability to develop, manufacture and market our own products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Risks Relating to Information Technology We have become increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure and any breakdown, interruption, breach or other compromise of our information technology systems or those of our third party service providers could subject us to liability or interrupt the operation of our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Risks Relating to Information Technology We have become increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure and any breakdown, interruption, breach or other compromise of our information technology systems or those of our third party service providers could subject us to liability or interrupt the operation of our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If our development projects are not successful or are significantly delayed, we may not recover our substantial investments in the pipeline product and our failure to bring these pipeline products to market on a timely basis, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
If our development projects are not successful or are significantly delayed, we may not recover our substantial investments in the pipeline product and our failure to bring these pipeline products to market on a timely basis, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
A recall or market withdrawal, whether voluntary or required by a regulatory authority, may involve significant costs to us, potential disruptions in the supply of our products to our customers and reputational harm to our products and business, all of which could harm our ability to market our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
A recall or market withdrawal, whether voluntary or required by a regulatory authority, may involve significant costs to us, potential disruptions in the supply of our products to our customers and reputational harm to our products and business, all of which could harm our ability to market our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
We may fail to obtain, maintain, license, enforce or defend the intellectual property rights required to conduct our business, or third parties may allege that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
We may fail to obtain, maintain, license, enforce or defend the intellectual property rights required to conduct our business, or third parties may allege that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
The unauthorized access to or disclosure of our proprietary information or the loss of such intellectual property rights may impact our ability to develop, manufacture and market our own products or may assist competitors in the development, manufacture and sale of competing products, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
The unauthorized access to or disclosure of our proprietary information or the loss of such intellectual property rights may impact our ability to develop, manufacture and market our own products or may assist competitors in the development, manufacture and sale of competing products, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
In such a case, the concentration of BHC’s holdings may delay or prevent any acquisition or delay or discourage takeover attempts that shareholders may consider to be favorable, or make it more difficult or impossible for a third-party to acquire control of the Company or effect a change in the Board of Directors and management, any of which may cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
In such a case, the concentration of BHC’s holdings may delay or prevent any acquisition or delay or discourage takeover attempts that shareholders may consider to be favorable, or make it more difficult or impossible for a third-party to acquire control of the Company or effect a change in the Board of Directors and management, any of which may cause the market price of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
We may experience declines in sales volumes or prices of certain of our products as the result of the concentration of sales to wholesalers and the continuing trend towards consolidation of such wholesalers and other customer groups and this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
We may experience declines in sales volumes or prices of certain of our products as the result of the concentration of sales to wholesalers and the continuing trend towards consolidation of such wholesalers and other customer groups and this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Complying with these rules and regulations has and will substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. • In addition, as a public company, our management is required to conduct an annual evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting and include a report of management on our internal controls in our annual reports on Form 10-K.
Complying with these rules and regulations has and will substantially increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. • In addition, as a public company, our management is required to conduct an annual evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting and include a report of management on our internal controls in our annual reports on Form 10-K, commencing with this Form 10-K.
If our relationship with one or more of such customers is disrupted or changes adversely or if one or more of such customers experience financial difficulty or other material adverse changes in their businesses, it could materially and adversely affect our sales and financial results, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
If our relationship with one or more of such customers is disrupted or changes adversely or if one or more of such customers experience financial difficulty or other material adverse changes in their businesses, it could materially and adversely affect our sales and financial results, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Defending against or settling such claims and any unfavorable legal decisions, settlements or orders could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline. See Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our audited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Defending against or settling such claims and any unfavorable legal decisions, settlements or orders could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline. See Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
A successful antitrust claim by a private party or government entity against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline. We depend on third parties to meet their contractual, legal, regulatory and other obligations.
A successful antitrust claim by a private party or government entity against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline. We depend on third parties to meet their contractual, legal, regulatory and other obligations.
If we are unable to obtain components or raw materials, or products supplied by third parties, our ability to manufacture and deliver our products to the market would be impeded, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline .
If we are unable to obtain components or raw materials, or products supplied by third parties, our ability to manufacture and deliver our products to the market would be impeded, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline .
We cannot predict what these changes may involve or the timing of any such changes and how they will impact our product sales, revenue, business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operation, but any such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
We cannot predict what these changes may involve or the timing of any such changes and how they will impact our product sales, revenue, business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operation, but any such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Any loss, expiration, termination or suspension of our rights to such licensed intellectual property could result in our inability to continue to develop, manufacture and market our products or product candidates and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Any loss, expiration, termination or suspension of our rights to such licensed intellectual property could result in our inability to continue to develop, manufacture and market our products or product candidates and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If we are unable to timely obtain these licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to develop, manufacture and market our products may be inhibited or prevented, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
If we are unable to timely obtain these licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to develop, manufacture and market our products may be inhibited or prevented, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Although we endeavor to properly maintain our equipment (and require our contract manufacturers to properly maintain their equipment), including through on-site quality control and experienced manufacturing supervision, and have key spare parts on hand, our business could suffer if certain manufacturing or other equipment, or all or a portion of our or their facilities, were to become inoperable for a period of time.
Although we endeavor to properly maintain our equipment (and require our contract manufacturers to properly maintain their equipment), including through on-site quality control and experienced manufacturing supervision, periodic upgrades and have key spare parts on hand, our business could suffer if certain manufacturing or other equipment, or all or a portion of our or their facilities, were to become inoperable for a period of time.
If any of these situations occur frequently or in large volumes or if we are unable to effectively manage our inventory and that of our distribution partners, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
If any of these situations occur frequently or in large volumes or if we are unable to effectively manage our inventory and that of our distribution partners, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If our products fail to gain, or lose, market acceptance, our revenues would be adversely impacted and we may be required to record material impairment charges, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
If our products fail to gain, or lose, market acceptance, our revenues would be adversely impacted and we may be required to record material impairment charges, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Related actions, including Congressional and other governmental investigations and litigation, are costly and time-consuming and adverse resolution of such actions or changes in our business practices, such as our approach to the pricing of our pharmaceutical products, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Related actions, including Congressional and other governmental investigations and litigation, are costly and time-consuming and adverse resolution of such actions or changes in our business practices, such as our approach to the pricing of our pharmaceutical products, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Obtaining such regulatory approvals for new products and devices and manufacturing processes 26 can take a number of years and involves the expenditure of substantial resources.
Obtaining such regulatory approvals for new products and devices and manufacturing processes can take a number of years and involves the expenditure of substantial resources.
Our indebtedness contains financial or other covenants that limit our operational flexibility in a number of other ways, including: • causing us to be less able to take advantage of business opportunities, such as making certain investments and other restricted payments and engaging in mergers, acquisitions consolidations and amalgamations, and to react to changes in market or industry conditions; • increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry, or competitive developments; • affecting our ability to pay or refinance debts as they become due during adverse economic, financial market, and industry conditions; • requiring us to use a portion of cash flow for debt service, reducing funds available for other purposes; • decreasing our profitability and/or cash flow; • causing us to be disadvantaged compared to competitors with less leverage; and 35 • limiting our ability to borrow additional funds in the future to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes.
Such financial or other covenants limit our operational flexibility in a number of other ways, including: • causing us to be less able to take advantage of business opportunities, such as making certain investments and other restricted payments and engaging in mergers, acquisitions consolidations and amalgamations, and to react to changes in market or industry conditions; • increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry, or competitive developments; • affecting our ability to pay or refinance debts as they become due during adverse economic, financial market, and industry conditions; • requiring us to use a portion of cash flow for debt service, reducing funds available for other purposes; • decreasing our profitability and/or cash flow; • causing us to be disadvantaged compared to competitors with less leverage; and • limiting our ability to borrow additional funds in the future to fund working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes.
However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any of the foregoing events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any of the foregoing events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
These competitors and the introduction of competing products (that may be more effective or less costly than our products) could make our products less competitive or obsolete, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
These competitors and the introduction of competing products (that may be more effective or less costly than our products) could make our products less competitive or obsolete, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
The withdrawal of a product following complaints and/or incurring significant costs, including the requirement to pay substantial damages in personal injury cases or product liability cases, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
The withdrawal of a product following complaints and/or incurring significant costs, including the requirement to pay substantial damages in personal injury cases or product liability cases, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the Separation, or if such benefits are delayed, our business could be harmed and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline. The Separation is subject to certain uncertainties. Furthermore, the Distribution (as defined below) may not occur.
If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the Separation, or if such benefits are delayed, our business could be harmed and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline. The Separation is subject to certain uncertainties. Furthermore, the Distribution (as defined below) may not occur.
Declines in the pricing and/or volume, over which we have no or limited control, of such products, and therefore the amounts paid to us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Declines in the pricing and/or volume, over which we have no or limited control, of such products, and therefore the amounts paid to us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
If any of these events were to occur, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and the market value of our common shares may decline. Debt-Related Risks Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business and our ability to meet our obligations.
If any of these events were to occur, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities may decline. Debt-Related Risks Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business and our ability to meet our obligations.
Legal and Reputational Risks We are or may become subject to legal and governmental proceedings that are uncertain, costly and time-consuming and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Legal and Reputational Risks We are or may become subject to legal and governmental proceedings that are uncertain, costly and time-consuming and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in criminal or civil penalties or remedial measures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares to decline.
Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in criminal or civil penalties or remedial measures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
The courts of the Province of British Columbia and the federal district courts of the United States may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a shareholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our shareholders.
The courts of the Province of British Columbia and appellate courts therefrom and the federal district courts of the United States may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a shareholder considering an action may be located or would otherwise choose to bring the action, and such judgments may be more or less favorable to us than our shareholders.
We may not achieve these and other anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons, including, among others: • the Separation has required and will require significant amounts of management’s time and effort, which may divert management’s attention from operating and growing our business; • as a result of the Separation, we may be more susceptible to economic downturns and other adverse events than if we were still a part of BHC; • following the B+L IPO, we commenced operating as an independent company and, as a result, our business is less diversified than BHC’s business prior to the completion of the B+L IPO; • our business will also experience a loss of scale and purchasing power and access to certain financial, managerial and professional resources from which we have benefited at lower cost in the past; • the other actions required to complete the Separation could disrupt our operations; and • the development of our operations and infrastructure in connection with the Separation, and any future expansion of such operations and infrastructure, may not be entirely successful, and may strain our operations and increase our operating expenses.
We may not achieve these and other anticipated benefits for a variety of reasons, including, among others: • the Separation has required significant amounts of management’s time and effort and may continue to require management’s further time and effort, which may divert management’s attention from operating and growing our business; • as a result of the Separation, we may be more susceptible to economic downturns and other adverse events than if we were still a part of BHC; • following the B+L IPO, we commenced operating as an independent company and, as a result, our business is less diversified than BHC’s business prior to the completion of the B+L IPO; 18 • our business has and may continue to experience a loss of scale and purchasing power and access to certain financial, managerial and professional resources from which we have benefited at lower cost in the past; • the other actions required to complete the Separation could disrupt our operations; and • the development of our operations and infrastructure in connection with the Separation, and any future expansion of such operations and infrastructure, may not be entirely successful, and may strain our operations and increase our operating expenses.
Unanticipated developments, including disruptions to business and commerce induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in market conditions, possible delays in obtaining any necessary shareholder, stock exchange, regulatory or other approval or the failure to obtain any such approvals, possible delays in obtaining any required tax opinions or rulings or the failure to obtain any such tax opinions or rulings, that a portion of BHC’s ownership of Bausch + Lomb is pledged as collateral securing BHC’s 9.00% senior secured notes, negotiating challenges, the uncertainty of the financial markets, changes in the law, and other challenges could delay or prevent the completion of the Separation, result in changes to the anticipated structure of the Separation, or cause the Separation to occur on terms or conditions that are different or less favorable than expected.
Unanticipated developments, including disruptions to business and commerce induced by changes in global market, financial and economic conditions (such as the COVID-19 pandemic and international conflicts), possible delays in obtaining any necessary shareholder, stock exchange, regulatory or other approval or the failure to obtain any such approvals, possible delays in obtaining any required tax opinions or rulings or the failure to obtain any such tax opinions or rulings, that a portion of BHC’s ownership of Bausch + Lomb is pledged as collateral securing BHC’s 9.00% senior secured notes, negotiating challenges, the uncertainty of the financial markets, changes in the law, and other challenges could delay or prevent the completion of the Separation, result in changes to the anticipated structure of the Separation, or cause the Separation to occur on terms or conditions that are different or less favorable than expected.

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Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Louis, Missouri Offices, R&D and manufacturing facility Surgical Owned 140,000 Macherio, Italy Offices, R&D, manufacturing and warehouse facility Vision Care Owned 119,000 Clearwater, Florida R&D and manufacturing facility Surgical Owned 102,000 Beijing, China Manufacturing facility Vision Care Owned 97,000 Item 3. Legal Proceedings See Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for details on legal proceedings.
Louis, Missouri Offices, R&D and manufacturing facility Surgical Owned 140,000 Macherio, Italy Offices, manufacturing and warehouse facility Vision Care Owned 119,000 Clearwater, Florida R&D and manufacturing facility Surgical Owned 102,000 Beijing, China Manufacturing facility Vision Care Owned 97,000 Item 3. Legal Proceedings See Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for details on legal proceedings. Item 4.
The following are our principal properties, including the segments of our business that use each property: Location Purpose Segment Owned or Leased Approximate Square Footage Vaughan, Ontario, Canada Corporate headquarters and distribution facility All Segments Leased 66,000 Bridgewater, New Jersey Administration shared with BHC All Segments Leased 310,000 Rochester, New York Offices, R&D and manufacturing facility Vision Care Owned 953,000 Waterford, Ireland R&D and manufacturing facility Vision Care Owned 500,000 Woodruff, South Carolina Distribution facility Vision Care Leased 432,000 Jinan, China Offices and manufacturing facility Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals + Vision Care Owned 418,000 Berlin, Germany Manufacturing, distribution and office facility Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals Owned 339,000 Greenville, South Carolina Manufacturing and distribution facility Vision Care Owned 314,000 Lynchburg, Virginia Offices and distribution facility Vision Care Owned 224,000 Aubenas, France Offices, manufacturing and warehouse facility Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals Owned 148,000 St.
The following are our principal properties, including the segments of our business that use each property: Location Purpose Segment Owned or Leased Approximate Square Footage Vaughan, Ontario, Canada Corporate headquarters and distribution facility All Segments Leased 66,000 Bridgewater, New Jersey Administration shared with BHC All Segments Leased 310,000 Rochester, New York Offices, R&D and manufacturing facility Pharmaceuticals + Vision Care Owned 953,000 Waterford, Ireland R&D and manufacturing facility Vision Care Owned 500,000 Woodruff, South Carolina Distribution facility Vision Care Leased 432,000 Jinan, China Offices and manufacturing facility Pharmaceuticals + Vision Care Owned 418,000 Berlin, Germany R&D, manufacturing, distribution and office facility Pharmaceuticals Owned 339,000 Greenville, South Carolina Manufacturing facility Vision Care Owned 314,000 Lynchburg, Virginia Offices and distribution facility Vision Care Owned 224,000 Tampa, Florida R&D and manufacturing facility Pharmaceuticals Owned 171,000 Aubenas, France Offices, manufacturing and warehouse facility Pharmaceuticals Owned 148,000 St.
Removed
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures None. 53 PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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While our Board of Directors will review our dividend policy periodically, we currently do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. 54 Restrictions on Share Ownership by Non-Canadians There are no limitations under the laws of Canada or in our organizational documents on the right of foreigners to hold or vote securities of our Company, except that the Investment Canada Act (Canada) (the “Investment Canada Act”) may require review and approval by the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry(Canada) (the “Minister”) of an acquisition of “control” of our Company by a “non-Canadian”.
While our Board of Directors will review our dividend policy periodically, we currently do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. 57 Restrictions on Share Ownership by Non-Canadians There are no limitations under the laws of Canada or in our organizational documents on the right of foreigners to hold or vote securities of our Company, except that the Investment Canada Act (Canada) (the “Investment Canada Act”) may require review and approval by the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry(Canada) (the “Minister”) of an acquisition of “control” of our Company by a “non-Canadian”.
Treaty may generally be entitled 55 to claim benefits under the U.S. Treaty in respect of income, profits or gains derived through the LLC. Residents of the United States should consult their own tax advisors with respect to their eligibility for benefits under the U.S. Treaty. This summary is based upon the current provisions of the U.S.
Treaty may generally be entitled 58 to claim benefits under the U.S. Treaty in respect of income, profits or gains derived through the LLC. Residents of the United States should consult their own tax advisors with respect to their eligibility for benefits under the U.S. Treaty. This summary is based upon the current provisions of the U.S.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans Information required under this Item will be included in our definitive proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders expected to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K (the “2023 Proxy Statement”), and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans Information required under this Item will be included in our definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders expected to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K (the “2024 Proxy Statement”), and such required information is incorporated herein by reference.
Holder will not be subject to tax under the Canadian Tax Act on capital gains arising on the disposition of such holder’s common shares unless the common shares are “taxable Canadian property” to the U.S. Holder and are not “treaty-protected property”.
Holder will not be subject to tax under the Canadian Tax Act on capital gains, or be entitled to deduct capital losses, arising on the disposition of such holder’s common shares unless the common shares are “taxable Canadian property” to the U.S. Holder and are not “treaty-protected property”.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company and Affiliated Purchases There were no purchases of equity securities by the Company during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2022. Item 6. Reserved 56
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company and Affiliated Purchases There were no purchases of equity securities by the Company during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2023. Item 6. Reserved 59
Holder together with all such persons, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of the capital stock of the Company and (b) more than 50% of the fair market value of the common shares was derived, directly or indirectly, from any combination of: (i) real or immoveable property situated in Canada, (ii) “Canadian resource property” (as such term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act), (iii) “timber resource property” (as such term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act) or (iv) options in respect of, or interests in, or for civil law rights in, any such properties whether or not the property exists or the common shares are otherwise deemed to be taxable Canadian property.
Holder or a person described in (ii) holds a membership interest (either directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships), owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of the capital stock of the Company and (b) more than 50% of the fair market value of the common shares was derived, directly or indirectly, from any combination of: (i) real or immoveable property situated in Canada, (ii) “Canadian resource property” (as such term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act), (iii) “timber resource property” (as such term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act) or (iv) options in respect of, or interests in, or for civil law rights in, any such properties whether or not the property exists, or the common shares are otherwise deemed to be taxable Canadian property.
As long as the common shares are then listed on a “designated stock exchange”, which currently includes the NYSE and TSX, the common shares generally will not constitute taxable Canadian property of a U.S. Holder, unless: (a) at any time during the 60-month period preceding the disposition, the U.S. Holder, persons not dealing at arm’s length with such U.S.
As long as the common shares are then listed on a “designated stock exchange”, which currently includes the NYSE and TSX, the common shares generally will not constitute taxable Canadian property of a U.S. Holder, unless: (a) at any time during the 60-month period preceding the disposition, one or any combination of (i) the U.S.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “BLCO”. Holders The approximate number of holders of record of our common shares as of February 17, 2023 was 4.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “BLCO”.
The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common shares, in each index, and in the peer group (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on May 6, 2022 and tracks it through December 31, 2022. 5/6/22 5/22 6/22 7/22 8/22 9/22 10/22 11/22 12/22 Bausch + Lomb Corp $100.00 $85.05 $76.20 $71.95 $74.40 $76.70 $71.30 $75.65 $77.55 S&P 500 $100.00 $100.18 $91.91 $100.39 $96.29 $87.43 $94.50 $99.79 $94.04 S&P/TSX Composite $100.00 $100.06 $91.35 $95.60 $94.06 $90.06 $95.08 $100.34 $95.43 Peer Group $100.00 $100.76 $95.90 $103.66 $93.95 $87.87 $93.53 $98.43 $96.74 Dividends Since the B+L IPO, no dividends have been declared or paid.
The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common shares, in each index, and in the peer groups (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on May 6, 2022 and tracks it through December 31, 2023. 5/6/22 6/22 9/22 12/22 3/23 6/23 9/23 12/23 Bausch + Lomb Corp $100.00 $76.20 $76.70 $77.55 $87.05 $100.35 $84.75 $85.30 S&P 500 $100.00 $91.91 $87.43 $94.04 $101.09 $109.92 $106.33 $118.76 S&P/TSX Composite $100.00 $91.35 $90.06 $95.43 $99.78 $100.87 $98.65 $106.64 2022 Peer Group $100.00 $95.90 $87.86 $96.72 $104.33 $109.18 $92.93 $104.57 2023 Peer Group $100.00 $95.94 $87.44 $96.41 $103.60 $108.18 $92.08 $103.30 Dividends Since the B+L IPO, no dividends have been declared or paid.
Performance Graph The graph below matches the cumulative eight month total return of holders of Bausch + Lomb Corporation's common shares with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index, the S&P/TSX Composite index and a customized peer group of fourteen companies that includes: Agilent Technologies Inc, Alcon Inc., Align Technology Inc, The Cooper Companies Inc, Dentsply Sirona Inc, Dexcom Inc, Edwards Lifesciences Corp, Hologic Inc, Jazz Pharmaceuticals Plc, Perrigo Company Plc, Resmed Inc, Teleflex Inc, Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc and Zoetis Inc.
The 2022 peer group consists of a customized peer group of fourteen companies that includes: Agilent Technologies Inc, Alcon Inc., Align Technology Inc, The Cooper Companies Inc, Dentsply Sirona Inc, Dexcom Inc, Edwards Lifesciences Corp, Hologic Inc, Jazz Pharmaceuticals Plc, Perrigo Company Plc, Resmed Inc, Teleflex Inc, Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc and Zoetis Inc.
Added
Holders The approximate number of holders of record of our common shares as of February 16, 2024 was 4. 56 Performance Graph The graph below matches the cumulative total return of holders of Bausch + Lomb Corporation's common shares with the cumulative total returns of the: (i) S&P 500 index, (ii) the S&P/TSX Composite index, (iii) a 2022 peer group of companies and (iv) a 2023 peer group of companies.
Added
In 2023, the Company completed an assessment to review its current peers and added Organon & Co. to its peer group in order to ensure a robust group of peer companies across the health care supplies, health care equipment, and pharmaceuticals industries.
Added
The 2023 peer group therefore consists of a customized peer group of fifteen companies that includes: Agilent Technologies Inc, Alcon Inc., Align Technology Inc, The Cooper Companies Inc, Dentsply Sirona Inc, Dexcom Inc, Edwards Lifesciences Corp, Hologic Inc, Jazz Pharmaceuticals Plc, Organon & Co., Perrigo Company Plc, Resmed Inc, Teleflex Inc, Zimmer Biomet Holdings Inc and Zoetis Inc.
Added
Holder, (ii) persons not dealing at arm’s length with such U.S. Holder, and (iii) partnerships in which the U.S.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses SG&A expenses primarily include: employee compensation associated with sales and marketing, finance, legal, information technology, human resources and other administrative functions; certain outside legal fees and consultancy costs; product promotion expenses; overhead and occupancy costs; depreciation of corporate facilities and equipment; and other general and administrative costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses primarily include: employee compensation associated with sales and marketing, finance, legal, information technology, human resources and other administrative functions; certain outside legal fees and consultancy costs; product promotion expenses; overhead and occupancy costs; depreciation of corporate facilities and equipment; and other general and administrative costs.
Pursuant to these changes, effective in the second quarter of 2021, Bausch + Lomb operates in the following operating and reportable segments which are generally determined based on the decision-making structure of Bausch + Lomb and the grouping of similar products and services: (i) Vision Care (formerly named Vision Care/Consumer Health Care), (ii) Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical.
Pursuant to these changes, effective in the second quarter of 2021, Bausch + Lomb operates in the following operating and reportable segments which are generally determined based on the decision-making structure of Bausch + Lomb and the grouping of similar products and services: (i) Vision Care (formerly named Vision Care/Consumer Health Care), (ii) Pharmaceuticals (formerly named Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals) and (iii) Surgical.
See Note 11, “PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, for additional information on pension and postretirement obligations included in this Form 10-K. Acquisition of AcuFocus, Inc. As previously discussed, on January 17, 2023, the Company acquired AcuFocus, Inc. (“AcuFocus”) for an up-front purchase price of $35 million.
See Note 11, “PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, for additional information on pension and postretirement obligations included in this Form 10-K. Acquisition of AcuFocus, Inc. As previously discussed, on January 17, 2023, the Company acquired AcuFocus, Inc. (“AcuFocus”) for an up-front purchase price of $35 million.
Our income tax returns are subject to audit in various jurisdictions. Existing and future audits by, or other disputes with, tax authorities may not be resolved favorably for us and could have a material adverse effect on our reported effective tax rate and after-tax cash flows. We record liabilities for uncertain tax positions, which involve significant management 81 judgment.
Our income tax returns are subject to audit in various jurisdictions. Existing and future audits by, or other disputes with, tax authorities may not be resolved favorably for us and could have a material adverse effect on our reported effective tax rate and after-tax cash flows. We record liabilities for uncertain tax positions, which involve significant management judgment.
We believe our unparalleled eye health knowledge and insights allow us to capitalize on market trends by differentiating our approach to product development, with a pipeline focused on prioritizing customer needs and actively seeking external innovation to design, develop and advance creative, ethical eye health products across our portfolio, to address unmet and evolving needs of eye care professionals, patients and consumers.
We believe our eye health knowledge and insights allow us to capitalize on market trends by differentiating our approach to product development, with a pipeline focused on prioritizing customer needs and actively seeking external innovation to design, develop and advance creative, ethical eye health products across our portfolio, to address unmet and evolving needs of eye care professionals, patients and consumers.
Provision balances relating to amounts payable to direct customers are netted against trade receivables and balances relating to indirect customers are included in accrued liabilities. 69 We actively manage these offerings, focusing on the incremental costs of our patient assistance programs, the level of discounting to non-retail accounts and identifying opportunities to minimize product returns.
Provision balances relating to amounts payable to direct customers are netted against trade receivables and balances relating to indirect customers are included in accrued liabilities. We actively manage these offerings, focusing on the incremental costs of our patient assistance programs, the level of discounting to non-retail accounts and identifying opportunities to minimize product returns.
We have long been associated with many of the most significant advances in eye health, and we believe we are well positioned to continue leading the advancement of eye health in the future. Reportable Segments Our portfolio of products falls into three operating and reportable segments: (i) Vision Care (formerly Vision Care/Consumer Health), (ii) Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical.
We have long been associated with many of the most significant advances in eye health, and we believe we are well positioned to continue leading the advancement of eye health in the future. Reportable Segments Our portfolio of products falls into three operating and reportable segments: (i) Vision Care, (ii) Pharmaceuticals (formerly Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals) and (iii) Surgical.
Strategic Licensing Agreements To supplement our internal R&D initiatives and to build-out and refresh our product portfolio, we also search for opportunities to augment our pipeline through arrangements that allow us to gain access to unique products and investigational treatments, by strategically aligning ourselves with other innovative product solutions.
Strategic Acquisitions and Licensing Agreements To supplement our internal R&D initiatives and to build-out and refresh our product portfolio, we also search for opportunities to augment our pipeline through arrangements that allow us to gain access to unique products and investigational treatments, by strategically aligning ourselves with other innovative product solutions.
The IC-8 ® Apthera™ IOL, which was approved by the FDA in July 2022 as the first and only small aperture non-toric EDOF IOL for certain cataract patients who have as much as 1.5 diopters of corneal astigmatism and wish to address presbyopia at the same time.
The IC-8 ® Apthera™ IOL was approved by the FDA in July 2022 as the first and only small aperture non-toric EDOF IOL for certain cataract patients who have as much as 1.5 diopters of corneal astigmatism and wish to address presbyopia at the same time.
This realignment in segment structure resulted in a change in the former Bausch + Lomb reporting units, which are now divided between the: (i) Vision Care, (ii) Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical reporting units. As a result of this realignment, goodwill was reassigned to each of the aforementioned reporting units using a relative fair value approach.
This realignment in segment structure resulted in a change in the former Bausch + Lomb reporting units, which are now divided between the: (i) Vision Care, (ii) Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical reporting units. As a result of this realignment, goodwill was reassigned to each of the aforementioned reporting units using a relative fair value approach.
Financial Accounting Standards Board indicated that they believe the minimum tax imposed under pillar two is an alternative minimum tax, and, accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the minimum tax would not be recognized or adjusted for the estimated future effects of the minimum tax but would be recognize in the period incurred.
Financial Accounting Standards Board indicated that they believe the minimum tax imposed under pillar two is an alternative minimum tax, and, accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the minimum tax would not be recognized or adjusted for the estimated future effects of the minimum tax but would be recognized in the period incurred.
Health Care Reform The U.S. federal and state governments continue to propose and pass legislation designed to regulate the health care industry. Many of these changes focus on health care cost containment, which result in pricing pressures relating to the sales and reimbursements of health care products.
Health Care Reform The U.S. federal and state governments continue to propose and pass legislation designed to regulate the health care industry. Many of these changes focus on health care cost containment, which result in pricing pressures relating to the sales 64 and reimbursements of health care products.
Other Future Cash Requirements Our other future cash requirements relate to working capital, capital expenditures, business development transactions (including contingent consideration), restructuring and integration, benefit obligations and litigation settlements. In addition, we may use cash to enter into licensing arrangements and/or to make strategic acquisitions.
Other Future Cash Requirements Our other future cash requirements relate to working capital, capital expenditures, business development transactions (contingent consideration), restructuring and integration, benefit obligations and litigation settlements. In addition, we may use cash to enter into licensing arrangements and/or to make strategic acquisitions.
These cost savings programs may include, but are not limited to: (i) reducing headcount, (ii) 77 eliminating real estate costs associated with unused or under-utilized facilities and (iii) implementing contribution margin improvement and other cost reduction initiatives.
These cost savings programs may include, but are not limited to: (i) reducing headcount, (ii) eliminating real estate costs associated with unused or under-utilized facilities and (iii) implementing contribution margin improvement and other cost reduction initiatives.
Immediately following the change in reporting units, as a result of the change in composition of the net assets for its current (i) Vision Care, (ii) Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical reporting units, Bausch + Lomb performed a quantitative fair value assessment.
Immediately following the change in reporting units, as a result of the change in composition of the net assets for its current (i) Vision Care, (ii) Pharmaceuticals and (iii) Surgical reporting units, Bausch + Lomb performed a quantitative fair value assessment.
In evaluating whether it is more likely 79 than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company considers the totality of all relevant events or circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of a reporting unit.
In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company considers the totality of all relevant events or circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of a reporting unit.
Revenue growth rates inherent in these forecasts were based on input from internal and external market research that compare factors such as growth in global economies, recent industry trends and product life-cycles.
Revenue growth rates inherent in these forecasts were based on input from internal and external market research that compare factors such as growth in global economies, recent industry trends and 81 product life-cycles.
On November 29, 2022, BHC designated Bausch + Lomb as an unrestricted subsidiary under the BHC Credit Agreement and the BHC Indentures. Following such designation, we are no longer restricted by the terms of the BHC Credit Agreement and BHC Indentures.
On November 29, 2022, BHC designated Bausch + Lomb as an unrestricted subsidiary under the BHC Credit Agreement and the BHC Indentures. Following such designation, we are no longer restricted by the terms of the BHC Credit Agreement or BHC Indentures.
For example, a successful challenge of our patent rights resulting in earlier than expected generic competition; • an adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used or is expected to be used.
For example, a successful challenge of our patent rights resulting in earlier than expected generic competition; 80 • an adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used or is expected to be used.
Borrowings under the Term Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, either (i) a term SOFR-based rate, plus an applicable margin of 3.25% or (ii) a U.S. dollar base rate, plus an applicable margin of 2.25% (provided, however, that the term SOFR-based rate shall be no less than 0.50% per annum at any time and the U.S. dollar base rate shall not be lower than 1.50% per annum at any time).
Borrowings under the May 2027 Term Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, either: (i) a term SOFR-based rate, plus an applicable margin of 3.25% or (ii) a U.S. dollar base rate, plus an applicable margin of 2.25% (provided, however, that the term SOFR-based rate shall be no less than 0.50% per annum at any time and the U.S. dollar base rate shall not be lower than 1.50% per annum at any time).
Our team of approximately 850 dedicated Research and Development (“R&D”) employees is focused on advancing our pipeline and identifying new product opportunities and we believe we have a significant innovation opportunity today. We plan to develop and commercialize our global pipeline of over 60 projects, many of which are global projects being developed in and for multiple countries.
Our team of approximately 850 dedicated Research and Development (“R&D”) employees is focused on advancing our pipeline and identifying new product opportunities and we believe we have a significant innovation opportunity today. We plan to develop and, where applicable, commercialize our global pipeline of over 60 projects, many of which are global projects being developed in and for multiple countries.
These global and individual projects are in various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development, including new contact lenses and prescription medications for myopia, next-generation cataract equipment, premium IOLs, investigational treatments for dry eye, novel formulation for eye vitamins, preservative free formulation of eye drops and, next-generation cataract equipment, among others, that are designed to grow our portfolio and accelerate future growth.
These global and individual projects are in various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development, including new contact lenses for myopia, next-generation cataract equipment, premium IOLs, investigational treatments for dry eye, novel formulation for eye vitamins and preservative free formulation of eye drops, among others, that are designed to grow our portfolio and accelerate future growth.
These mandatory prepayments may be used to satisfy future amortization. The amortization rate for the Term Facility is 1.00% per annum, or $25 million, payable in quarterly installments, and the first installment was paid on September 30, 2022. Bausch + Lomb may direct that prepayments be applied to such amortization payments in order of maturity.
These mandatory prepayments may be used to satisfy future amortization. The amortization rate for the May 2027 Term Facility is 1.00% per annum, or $25 million, payable in quarterly installments, and the first installment was paid on September 30, 2022. Bausch + Lomb may direct that prepayments be 75 applied to such amortization payments in order of maturity.
Upon full Separation, we expect to refinance the Bausch + Lomb debt, and to transition to a longer-term capital structure. 76 OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our results of operations, financial condition, capital expenditures, liquidity, or capital resources.
Upon full Separation, we expect to refinance the Bausch + Lomb debt, and to transition to a longer-term capital structure. 77 OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our results of operations, financial condition, capital expenditures, liquidity, or capital resources.
In addition, the PreserVision ® U.S. formulation patent expired in March 2021, but a patent covering methods of using the formulation remains in force into 2026. PreserVision ® products accounted for approximately 7% and 6% of our total revenues in 2022 and 2021, respectively. PreserVision ® is (or was) the subject of certain ongoing and past patent infringement proceedings.
In addition, the PreserVision ® U.S. formulation patent expired in March 2021, but a patent covering methods of using the formulation remains in force into 2026. PreserVision ® products accounted for approximately 7% and 7% of our total revenues in 2023 and 2022, respectively. PreserVision ® is (or was) the subject of certain ongoing and past patent infringement proceedings.
In connection with these agreements, the Company may pay an upfront fee to secure the agreement. See Note 21, “COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, for additional information on these agreements included in this Form 10-K.
In connection with these agreements, the Company may pay an upfront fee to secure the agreement. See Note 21, “COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, for additional information on these agreements included in this Form 10-K.
We caution that, as it is not possible to predict or identify all relevant factors that may impact forward-looking statements, the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive and should not be considered a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. 87
We caution that, as it is not possible to predict or identify all relevant factors that may impact forward-looking statements, the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive and should not be considered a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. 89
After completing the testing, the fair value of each of these reporting units exceeded its carrying value by more than 25%, and, therefore, there was no impairment to goodwill. 2022 Annual Goodwill Impairment Test The Company conducted its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2022 by performing a quantitative assessment for each of its reporting units.
After completing the testing, the fair value of each of these reporting units exceeded its carrying value by more than 45%, and, therefore, there was no impairment to goodwill. 2022 Annual Goodwill Impairment Test The Company conducted its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2022 by performing a quantitative assessment for each of its reporting units.
The matters discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of The Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and Section 21E of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that may be forward-looking information within the meaning defined under applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively, “Forward-Looking Statements”).
The matters discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of The Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that may be forward-looking information within the meaning defined under applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively, “Forward-Looking Statements”).
To achieve this core principle, Bausch + Lomb applies the five-step revenue model to contracts within its scope: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the five-step revenue model to contracts within its scope: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
The applicable interest rate margins for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are (i) between 0.75% to 1.75% with respect to U.S. dollar base rate or Canadian dollar prime rate borrowings and between 1.75% to 2.75% with respect to SOFR, EURIBOR, SONIA or CDOR borrowings based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio and (ii) after (x) Bausch + Lomb’s senior unsecured non-credit-enhanced long-term indebtedness for borrowed money receives an investment grade rating from at least two of Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), Moody’s and Fitch and (y) the Term Facility has been repaid in full in cash (the “IG Trigger”), between 0.015% to 0.475% with respect to U.S. dollar base rate or Canadian dollar prime rate borrowings and between 1.015% to 1.475% with respect to SOFR, EURIBOR, SONIA or CDOR borrowings based on the Company’s debt rating.
The applicable interest rate margins for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are (i) between 0.75% to 1.75% with respect to U.S. dollar base rate or Canadian dollar prime rate borrowings and between 1.75% to 2.75% with respect to SOFR, EURIBOR, SONIA or CDOR borrowings based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio and (ii) after (x) Bausch + Lomb’s senior unsecured non-credit-enhanced long-term indebtedness for borrowed money receives an investment grade rating from at least two of Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), Moody’s and Fitch and (y) the May 2027 Term Facility and September 2028 Term Facility have been repaid in full in cash (the “IG Trigger”), between 0.015% to 0.475% with respect to U.S. dollar base rate or Canadian dollar prime rate borrowings and between 1.015% to 1.475% with respect to SOFR, EURIBOR, SONIA or CDOR borrowings based on the Company’s debt rating.
See Note 22, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment profit to Income before provision for income taxes. The following table also presents segment profits, segment profits as a percentage of segment revenues and the period-over-period changes in segment profits for 2022 and 2021. 2022 2021 Change (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
See Note 22, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment profit to Income before provision for income taxes. The following table presents segment profits, segment profits as a percentage of segment revenues and the period-over-period changes in segment profits for 2023 and 2022. 2023 2022 Change (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
This acquisition allows us to maximize the revenues and margins associated with Paragon's products, for which Bausch + Lomb had previously had commercialization rights for. During December 2022, we acquired Total Titanium Inc., an ophthalmic microsurgical instrument and machined parts manufacturing company.
This acquisition allows us to maximize the revenues and margins associated with Paragon BioTeck’s products, for which Bausch + Lomb had previously had commercialization rights. • During December 2022, we acquired Total Titanium Inc., an ophthalmic microsurgical instrument and machined parts manufacturing company.
Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA, and applicable foreign 65 governments in locations in which we operate; however, at this time, it is unclear the effect these matters may have on our businesses. For more information, see Item 1. Business.
Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA and applicable foreign governments in locations in which we operate; however, at this time, it is unclear the effect these matters may have on our businesses. For more information, see Item 1. “Business”.
The following table presents segment revenues, segment revenues as a percentage of total revenues and the period-over-period changes in segment revenues for 2022 and 2021. 2022 2021 Change (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
The following table presents segment revenues, segment revenues as a percentage of total revenues and the period-over-period changes in segment revenues for 2023 and 2022. 2023 2022 Change (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” has been updated through February 22, 2023 and should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” has been updated through February 21, 2024 and should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In addition, in connection with our Lumify ® , PreserVision ® , Vyzulta ® and Lotemax ® SM products, we have commenced ongoing infringement proceedings (or anticipate commencing infringement proceedings) against potential generic competitors in the U.S. If we are not successful in these proceedings, we may face increased generic competition for these products.
In addition, in connection with our Lumify ® , PreserVision ® , Vyzulta ® and Lotemax ® SM products, we have commenced ongoing infringement proceedings against potential generic competitors or other potential infringers in the U.S. If we are not successful in these proceedings, we may face increased generic competition for these products.
Accordingly, if market conditions deteriorate, or if the Company is unable to execute its strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future. 2021 and 2020 Annual Goodwill Impairment Tests The Company conducted its annual goodwill impairment tests as of October 1, 2021 and 2020 by first assessing qualitative factors.
Accordingly, if market conditions deteriorate, or if the Company is unable to execute its strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future. 2021 Annual Goodwill Impairment Test The Company conducted its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2021 by first assessing qualitative factors.
Revenue Recognition Bausch + Lomb’s revenues are primarily generated from product sales in the therapeutic areas of eye health that consist of: (i) branded prescription eye-medications and pharmaceuticals, (ii) generic and branded generic prescription eye medications and pharmaceuticals, (iii) OTC vitamin and supplement products and (iv) medical devices (contact lenses, intraocular lenses and ophthalmic surgical equipment).
Revenue Recognition The Company's revenues are primarily generated from product sales in the therapeutic areas of eye health that consist of: (i) branded prescription eye-medications and pharmaceuticals, (ii) generic and branded generic prescription eye medications and pharmaceuticals, (iii) OTC vitamin and supplement products and (iv) medical devices (contact lenses, IOLs and ophthalmic surgical equipment).
Provisions recorded to reduce gross product sales to net product sales and revenues for 2022 and 2021 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
Provisions recorded to reduce gross product sales to net product sales and revenues for 2023 and 2022 were as follows: 68 Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 (in millions) Amount Pct. Amount Pct.
Following a loss of exclusivity (“LOE”) of and/or generic competition for a product, we would anticipate that product sales for such product would decrease significantly shortly following the LOE or entry of a generic competitor.
Following a LOE of and/or generic competition for a product, we would anticipate that product sales for such product would decrease significantly shortly following the LOE or entry of a generic competitor.
We have a significant global research, development, manufacturing and commercial footprint of approximately 12,900 employees and a presence in approximately 100 countries, extending our reach to billions of potential customers across the globe.
We have a significant global research, development, manufacturing and commercial footprint of approximately 13,300 employees and a presence in approximately 100 countries, extending our reach to billions of potential customers across the globe.
As markets change, there can be no assurance that the challenging economic environment or a further economic downturn would not impact our liquidity or our ability to obtain future financing. 74 We will regularly evaluate market conditions, our liquidity profile, and various financing alternatives for opportunities to enhance our capital structure.
As markets change, there can be no assurance that the challenging economic environment or a further economic downturn would not impact our liquidity or our ability to obtain future financing on reasonable terms or at all. We will regularly evaluate market conditions, our liquidity profile, and various financing alternatives for opportunities to enhance our capital structure.
Subject to certain exceptions and customary baskets set forth in the Credit Agreement, the Company is required to make mandatory prepayments of the loans under the Term Facility under certain circumstances, including from: (i) 100% of 75 the net cash proceeds of insurance and condemnation proceeds for property or asset losses (subject to reinvestment rights, decrease based on leverage ratios and net proceeds threshold), (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds from the incurrence of debt (other than permitted debt as described in the Credit Agreement), (iii) 50% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) subject to decrease based on leverage ratios and subject to a threshold amount and (iv) 100% of net cash proceeds from asset sales (subject to reinvestment rights, decrease based on leverage ratios and net proceeds threshold).
Subject to certain exceptions and customary baskets set forth in the Amended Credit Agreement, Bausch + Lomb is required to make mandatory prepayments of the loans under the May 2027 Term Facility and September 2028 Term Facility under certain circumstances, including from: (i) 100% of the net cash proceeds of insurance and condemnation proceeds for property or asset losses (subject to reinvestment rights, decrease based on leverage ratios and net proceeds threshold), (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds from the incurrence of debt (other than permitted debt as described in the Amended Credit Agreement), (iii) 50% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) subject to decrease based on leverage ratios and subject to a threshold amount and (iv) 100% of net cash proceeds from asset sales (subject to reinvestment rights, decrease based on leverage ratios and net proceeds threshold).
Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plan,” “schedule,” “continue,” “will,” “may,” “can,” “might,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “target,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “designed,” “create,” “predict,” “project,” “timeline,” “forecast,” “seek,” “strive,” “indicative,” “intend,” “ongoing,” “decrease” or “increase” and variations thereof or other similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plan,” “schedule,” “continue,” “future,” “will,” “may,” “can,” “might,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “target,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “designed,” “create,” “predict,” “project,” “timeline,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “seek,” “strive,” “suggest,” “prospective,” “strategy,” “indicative,” “intend,” “ongoing,” “decrease” or “increase” and positive and negative variations thereof or other similar expressions.
Liquidity and Debt Future Sources of Liquidity Our primary sources of liquidity are expected to be our cash and cash equivalents, cash collected from customers, funds as available from our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below), and issuances of other long-term debt, additional equity and equity-linked securities.
Liquidity and Debt Future Sources of Liquidity Our primary sources of liquidity are expected to be our cash and cash equivalents, cash collected from customers, funds as needed from our Revolving Credit Facility, and issuances of other long-term debt, additional equity and equity-linked 73 securities.
Foreign Exchange and Other Foreign exchange and other primarily includes translation gains/losses on intercompany loans and third-party liabilities and the gain/loss due to the change in fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts. Foreign exchange and other was a net gain of $6 million and a loss of $11 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Foreign Exchange and Other Foreign exchange and other primarily includes translation gains/losses on intercompany balances and third-party liabilities and the gain/loss due to the change in fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts. Foreign exchange and other was a net loss of $28 million and a gain of $6 million for 2023 and 2022, respectively.
These adjustments are determined as follows: Foreign currency exchange rates: Although changes in foreign currency exchange rates are part of our business, they are not within management’s control. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, however, can mask positive or negative trends in the underlying business performance.
Although changes in foreign currency exchange rates are part of our business, they are not within management’s control. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, however, can mask positive or negative trends in the underlying business performance.
The increases in revenue were partially offset by: (i) the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies across all of our international businesses of $184 million, primarily in Europe and Asia, and (ii) the impact of divestitures and discontinuations of $10 million, related to the discontinuation of certain products.
The increases in revenue were partially offset by: (i) the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies across all of our international businesses of $68 million, primarily in Europe and Asia and (ii) the impact of divestitures and discontinuations of $10 million, related to the discontinuation of certain products within our Surgical and Vision Care segments.
The Company uses organic revenue (non-GAAP) and organic revenue growth (non-GAAP) to assess performance of its reportable segments, and the Company in total, without the impact of foreign currency exchange fluctuations and recent acquisitions, divestitures and product discontinuations. The Company believes that such measures are useful to investors as they provide a supplemental period-to-period comparison.
The Company uses Constant Currency Revenues (non-GAAP) and Constant Currency Revenue Growth (non-GAAP) to assess performance of its reportable segments, and the Company in total, without the impact of foreign currency exchange fluctuations. The Company believes that such measures are useful to investors as they provide a supplemental period-to-period comparison.
In addition to our working capital requirements, as of December 31, 2022, we expect our primary cash requirements for 2023 to include: • Debt repayments and interest —We expect to make interest payments of approximately $215 million and mandatory debt amortization payments of $25 million in 2023 under our credit facilities and may elect to make additional principal payments under certain circumstances.
In addition to our working capital requirements, as of December 31, 2023, we expect our primary cash requirements for 2024 to include: • Debt repayments and interest —We expect to make interest payments of approximately $371 million and mandatory debt amortization payments of $30 million in 2024 under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and may elect to make additional principal payments under certain circumstances.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets, including acquired in-process research and development and the B&L corporate trademark, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances between annual tests indicate that the asset may be impaired.
Management continually assesses the useful lives of the Company's long-lived assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, including acquired in-process research and development and the B&L corporate trademark, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances between annual tests indicate that the asset may be impaired.
Cost of goods sold typically vary between periods as a result of product mix, volume, royalties, changes in foreign currency and inflation. Cost of goods sold excludes the amortization and impairments of intangible assets. Cost of goods sold was $1,511 million and $1,458 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively, an increase of $53 million, or 4.0%.
Cost of goods sold typically vary between periods as a result of product mix, volume, royalties, changes in foreign currency and inflation. Cost of goods sold excludes the amortization and impairments of intangible assets. Cost of goods sold was $1,640 million and $1,511 million for 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $129 million, or 9%.
Certain of our products already face generic competition, such as Lotemax ® Gel and Bepreve ® , which began facing LOE in the U.S. during 2021 and in aggregate only accounted for less than 1% of our total revenues in 2021.
Certain of our products have already been facing generic competition, such as Lotemax ® Gel and Bepreve ® , which began facing LOE in the U.S. during 2021 and in aggregate only accounted for less than 1% of our total revenues in 2021, and Prolensa ® , which began facing LOE in the fourth quarter of 2023 and accounted for approximately 1% of our total revenues in 2023.
See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this discussion. Additional Company information, including this Form 10-K, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) website at www.sec.gov . All currency amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. OVERVIEW Bausch + Lomb is a subsidiary of Bausch Health Companies Inc.
See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this discussion. Additional Company information, including this Form 10-K, is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) website at www.sec.gov . All currency amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Our comprehensive portfolio of over 400 products is built to serve our customers across the full spectrum of their eye health needs throughout their lives. Our iconic brand is built on the deep trust and loyalty of our customers established over our nearly 170-year history.
"Business — Initial Public Offering and Separation of the Bausch + Lomb Eye Health Business". Our comprehensive portfolio of approximately 400 products is built to serve our customers across the full spectrum of their eye health needs throughout their lives. Our iconic brand is built on the deep trust and loyalty of our customers established over our 170-year history.
(“BHC”), including the structure and expected timetable for completing such separation transaction.
( “ BHC ” ), including the structure and expected timetable for completing such separation transaction.
The Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals segment— consists of a broad line of proprietary and generic pharmaceutical products for post-operative treatments and treatments for a number of eye conditions, such as glaucoma, eye inflammation, ocular hypertension, dry eyes and retinal diseases.
The Pharmaceuticals segment— consists of a broad line of proprietary and generic pharmaceutical products for post-operative treatments and treatments for a number of eye conditions, such as glaucoma, eye inflammation, ocular hypertension, dry eyes and retinal diseases. Key proprietary pharmaceutical brands are Vyzulta ® , Lotemax ® , Prolensa ® and 60 Minims ® .
These increases in SG&A expenses were partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies.
These increases were partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies.
See Note 10, “CREDIT FACILITIES” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding the Term Facility. On January 1, 2022, in anticipation of the B+L IPO, Bausch + Lomb issued a $2,200 million promissory note to BHC (the “BHC Purchase Debt”) in conjunction with a legal reorganization.
On January 1, 2022, in anticipation of the B+L IPO, Bausch + Lomb issued a $2,200 million promissory note to BHC (the “BHC Purchase Debt”) in conjunction with a legal reorganization. The BHC Purchase Debt was repaid in full on May 10, 2022. See Note 3, “RELATED PARTIES” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Our consumer eye care business consists of contact lens care products, over-the-counter (“OTC”) eye drops that address various conditions, including eye allergies, conjunctivitis, dry eye, and redness relief, and eye vitamins and mineral supplements. Our eye vitamin products include our PreserVision ® AREDS 2 formula and other supplements, that support general eye health.
Our consumer eye care business consists of contact lens care products, over-the-counter (“OTC”) eye drops that address various conditions, including eye allergies, conjunctivitis, dry eye and redness relief, and eye vitamins and mineral supplements.
The timetable for implementation has since been extended to 2024. The Inclusive Framework plan has now been agreed to by 142 OECD members, including several countries which did not agree to the initial plan.
The timetable for implementation has since been extended to 2024 or, with respect to certain components of the plan, to 2025. The Inclusive Framework plan has now been agreed to by 145 OECD members, including several countries which did not agree to the initial plan.
Expenses related to product development include: employee compensation costs; overhead and occupancy costs; depreciation of research and development facilities and equipment; clinical trial costs; clinical manufacturing and scale-up costs; and other third-party development costs.
Research and Development Expenses Included in R&D are costs related to our product development and quality assurance programs. Expenses related to product development include: employee compensation costs; overhead and occupancy costs; depreciation of research and development facilities and equipment; clinical trial costs; clinical manufacturing and scale-up costs; and other third-party development costs.
"Business — Segment Information" and Note 22, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on these reportable segments.
For additional discussion of our reportable segments, see the discussion in Item 1. "Business — Segment Information" and Note 22, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on these reportable segments.
Gross product sales $ 5,122 100.0 % $ 5,013 100.0 % Provisions to reduce gross product sales to net product sales Discounts and allowances 315 6.20 % 330 6.60 % Returns 69 1.40 % 68 1.40 % Rebates 528 10.30 % 525 10.50 % Chargebacks 442 8.60 % 336 6.70 % Distribution fees 22 0.40 % 17 0.30 % Total provisions 1,376 26.90 % 1,276 25.50 % Net product sales 3,746 73.10 % 3,737 74.50 % Other revenues 22 28 Revenues $ 3,768 $ 3,765 Cash discounts and allowances, returns, rebates, chargebacks and distribution fees as a percentage of gross product sales were 26.9% and 25.5% for 2022 and 2021, respectively, an increase of 1.4% percentage points, and is primarily attributable to the increase in chargebacks as a percentage of revenues.
Gross product sales $ 5,899 100.0 % $ 5,122 100.0 % Provisions to reduce gross product sales to net product sales Discounts and allowances 368 6.20 % 315 6.20 % Returns 84 1.40 % 69 1.40 % Rebates 729 12.40 % 528 10.30 % Chargebacks 559 9.50 % 442 8.60 % Distribution fees 28 0.50 % 22 0.40 % Total provisions 1,768 30.00 % 1,376 26.90 % Net product sales 4,131 70.00 % 3,746 73.10 % Other revenues 15 22 Revenues $ 4,146 $ 3,768 Cash discounts and allowances, returns, rebates, chargebacks and distribution fees as a percentage of gross product sales were 30.0% and 26.9% for 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of 3.1% percentage points, and is primarily attributable to increases in rebates and chargebacks as a percentage of revenues.
Term SOFR-based loans are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%. The stated rate of interest under the Term Facility at December 31, 2022 was 7.84% per annum.
Term SOFR-based borrowings under the May 2027 Term Facility are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%. The stated rate of interest under the May 2027 Term Facility at December 31, 2023 was 8.71% per annum.
See Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. 66 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Our operating results for the years 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, Change (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2021 to 2022 2020 to 2021 Revenues Product sales $ 3,746 $ 3,737 $ 3,381 $ 9 $ 356 Other revenues 22 28 31 (6) (3) 3,768 3,765 3,412 3 353 Expenses Cost of goods sold (excluding amortization and impairments of intangible assets) (Note 3) 1,511 1,458 1,269 53 189 Cost of other revenues 8 9 16 (1) (7) Selling, general and administrative (Note 3) 1,478 1,389 1,253 89 136 Research and development (Note 3) 307 271 253 36 18 Amortization of intangible assets 244 292 323 (48) (31) Other expense, net 13 17 38 (4) (21) 3,561 3,436 3,152 125 284 Operating income 207 329 260 (122) 69 Interest income 6 — 3 6 (3) Interest expense (Note 3) (146) — — (146) — Foreign exchange and other 6 (11) 27 17 (38) Income before provision for income taxes 73 318 290 (245) 28 Provision for income taxes (58) (125) (307) 67 182 Net income (loss) 15 193 (17) (178) 210 Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (9) (11) (1) 2 (10) Net income (loss) attributable to Bausch + Lomb Corporation $ 6 $ 182 $ (18) $ (176) $ 200 A detailed discussion of the year-over-year changes of the Company’s 2022 results compared with that of 2021 can be found below.
See Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. 65 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Our operating results for the years 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, Change (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2022 to 2023 2021 to 2022 Revenues Product sales $ 4,131 $ 3,746 $ 3,737 $ 385 $ 9 Other revenues 15 22 28 (7) (6) 4,146 3,768 3,765 378 3 Expenses Cost of goods sold (excluding amortization and impairments of intangible assets) (Note 3) 1,640 1,511 1,458 129 53 Cost of other revenues 2 8 9 (6) (1) Selling, general and administrative (Note 3) 1,736 1,478 1,389 258 89 Research and development (Note 3) 324 307 271 17 36 Amortization of intangible assets 240 244 292 (4) (48) Other expense, net 74 13 17 61 (4) 4,016 3,561 3,436 455 125 Operating income 130 207 329 (77) (122) Interest income 15 6 — 9 6 Interest expense (Note 3) (283) (146) — (137) (146) Foreign exchange and other (28) 6 (11) (34) 17 (Loss) income before provision for income taxes (166) 73 318 (239) (245) Provision for income taxes (82) (58) (125) (24) 67 Net (loss) income (248) 15 193 (263) (178) Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (12) (9) (11) (3) 2 Net (loss) income attributable to Bausch + Lomb Corporation $ (260) $ 6 $ 182 $ (266) $ (176) A detailed discussion of the year-over-year changes of the Company’s 2023 results compared with that of 2022 can be found below.
December 31, 2022 Goodwill Impairment Assessment No events occurred or circumstances changed during the period from October 1, 2022 (the last time goodwill was tested for all reporting units) through December 31, 2022 that would indicate that the fair value of any reporting unit might be below its carrying value.
After completing the testing, the fair value of each of these reporting units exceeded its carrying value by more than 25%, and, therefore, there was no impairment to goodwill. 82 December 31, 2023 Goodwill Impairment Assessment No events occurred or circumstances changed during the period from October 1, 2023 (the last time goodwill was tested for all reporting units) through December 31, 2023 that would indicate that the fair value of any reporting unit might be below its carrying value.
This could change based on, among other things, successful challenge to our patents, settlement of existing or future patent litigation and at-risk generic launches.
While we expect our risk of LOE to be limited over the next five years, this could change based on, among other things, successful challenge to our patents, settlement of existing or future patent litigation and at-risk generic launches.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2021 Change in Organic Revenue (Non-GAAP) Revenue as Reported Changes in Exchange Rates Organic Revenue (Non-GAAP) Revenue as Reported Divestitures and Discontinuations Organic Revenue (Non-GAAP) (in millions) Amount Pct.
Year Ended December 31, 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 Change in Constant Currency Revenue (Non-GAAP) Revenue as Reported Changes in Exchange Rates Constant Currency Revenue (Non-GAAP) Revenue as Reported (in millions) Amount Pct.
Term SOFR-based loans are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%.
Term SOFR-based borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%.
These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things: our business strategy, business plans, business prospects and forecasts and changes thereto; product pipeline, prospective products and product approvals, expected launches of new products, product development and results of current and anticipated products; anticipated revenues for our products; expected R&D and marketing spend; our expected primary cash and working capital requirements for 2023 and beyond; our plans for continued improvement in operational efficiency and the anticipated impact of such plans; our liquidity and our ability to satisfy our debt maturities as they become due; our ability to comply with the covenants contained in our credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”); any proposed pricing actions; exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes and interest rate changes; the outcome of contingencies, such as litigation, subpoenas, investigations, reviews, audits and regulatory proceedings; the anticipated impact of the adoption of new accounting standards; general market conditions and economic uncertainty; our expectations regarding our financial performance, including our future financial and operating performance, revenues, expenses, gross margins and income taxes; our impairment assessments, including the assumptions used therein and the results thereof; the anticipated effect of current market conditions and recessionary pressures in one or more of our markets; the anticipated effect of macroeconomic factors, including inflation; the anticipated impact of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and related responses from governments and private sector participants on the Company and, its supply chain, third-party suppliers, project development timelines, costs, revenues, margins, liquidity and financial condition and the anticipated timing, speed and magnitude of recovery from these COVID-19 pandemic related impacts; the anticipated impact from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine; and the anticipated separation from Bausch Health Companies Inc.
These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things: our business strategy, business plans, business prospects and forecasts and changes thereto; product pipeline, prospective products and product approvals, expected launches of new products, product development and results of current and anticipated products; our recently consummated acquisition of XIIDRA ® and certain other ophthalmology assets (the “XIIDRA Acquisition”); anticipated revenues for our products; expected R&D and marketing spend; our expected primary cash and working capital requirements for 2024 and beyond; our plans for continued improvement in operational efficiency and the anticipated impact of such plans; our expectations regarding the implementation of a system upgrade to our Lynchburg distribution facility; our liquidity and our ability to satisfy our debt maturities as they become due; our ability to comply with the covenants contained in our credit agreement, as recently amended , (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) and in the indenture governing our October 2028 Secured Notes; any proposed pricing actions; exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes and interest rate changes; the outcome of contingencies, such as litigation, subpoenas, investigations, reviews, audits and regulatory proceedings; the anticipated impact of the adoption of new accounting standards; general market conditions and economic uncertainty; our expectations regarding our financial performance, including our future financial and operating performance, revenues, expenses, gross margins and income taxes; our impairment assessments, including the assumptions used therein and the results thereof; the anticipated effect of current market conditions and recessionary pressures in one or more of our markets; the anticipated effect of macroeconomic factors, including inflation; the anticipated impact from the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East involving Israel and Hamas; and the anticipated separation from Bausch Health Companies Inc.
See Note 8, “INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL” to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details. Contingencies In the normal course of business, we are subject to loss contingencies, such as claims and assessments arising from litigation and other legal proceedings, contractual indemnities, product and environmental liabilities and tax matters.
Contingencies In the normal course of business, we are subject to loss contingencies, such as claims and assessments arising from litigation and other legal proceedings, contractual indemnities, product and environmental liabilities and tax matters.
Quality assurance are the costs incurred to meet evolving customer and regulatory standards and include: employee compensation costs; overhead and occupancy costs; amortization of software; and other third-party costs. R&D expenses were $307 million and $271 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively, an increase of $36 million, or 13%.
Quality assurance are the costs incurred to meet evolving customer and regulatory standards and include: employee compensation costs; overhead and occupancy costs; amortization of software; and other third-party costs. R&D expenses were $324 million and $307 million for 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $17 million, or 6%, primarily due to certain products in development, as previously discussed.
We believe these sources will be sufficient to meet our current liquidity needs for the next twelve months and be sufficient to support our future cash needs, however, we can provide no assurance that our liquidity and capital resources will meet future funding requirements. The global financial markets recently have undergone and may continue to experience significant volatility and disruption.
We believe these sources will be sufficient to meet our current liquidity needs for the next twelve months, from the date of issuance of these financial statements, and be sufficient to support our future cash needs, however, we can provide no assurance that our liquidity and capital resources will meet future funding requirements.
Cost Savings Programs As a result of the completion of the B+L IPO, and as the Company prepares for post-Separation operations, the Company is launching certain initiatives that may result in certain changes to, and investment in, its organizational structure and operations. The Company refers to the charges related to these initiatives as "Business Transformation Costs".
The extent and timing of future charges for these costs cannot be reasonably estimated at this time and could be material. 78 Cost Savings Programs As a result of the completion of the B+L IPO, and as the Company prepares for post-Separation operations, the Company is launching certain initiatives that may result in certain changes to, and investment in, its organizational structure and operations.
Our mission is simple, yet powerful: helping you see better, to live better. We develop, manufacture and market a range of products, primarily in the areas of eye health, which are marketed directly or indirectly in approximately 100 countries.
We develop, manufacture and market a range of products, primarily in the areas of eye health, which are marketed directly or indirectly in approximately 100 countries.
The increase was primarily attributable to: (i) higher professional fees, primarily related to separation-related costs and Business Transformation Costs (each, as defined below), (ii) higher compensation expenses, primarily related to dis-synergy costs associated with the Company becoming a stand-alone entity and (iii) higher selling expenses, primarily related to freight mostly driven by inflationary pressures.
The increase was primarily attributable to: (i) higher selling and advertising and promotion costs, primarily due to XIIDRA ® and the launch of MIEBO ® , (ii) higher professional fees, primarily related to Business Transformation Costs (as defined below), (iii) higher compensation expenses, primarily related to dis-synergy costs associated with the Company 69 becoming a stand-alone entity and (iv) higher selling expense due to warehousing and distribution costs, mostly driven by inflation.
As military activity and sanctions against Russia, Belarus and specific areas of Ukraine have continued, the war has increasingly affected economic and global financial markets and exacerbated ongoing economic challenges, including issues such as rising inflation and global supply-chain disruption. Our revenues attributable to Russia for 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $132 million, $116 million and $102 million, respectively.
As military activity and sanctions against Russia, Belarus and specific areas of Ukraine have continued, the war has increasingly affected economic and global financial markets and exacerbated ongoing economic challenges, including issues such as high levels of inflation and global supply-chain disruption.
Where we have the rights, we may elect to launch an authorized generic (“AG”) of such product (either ourselves or through a third-party) prior to, upon or following generic entry, which may mitigate the anticipated decrease in product sales; however, even with launch of an authorized generic, the decline in product sales of such product would still be expected to be significant, and the effect on our future revenues could be material.
Where we have the rights, we may elect to launch an authorized generic (“AG”) of such product (either ourselves or through a third party) prior to, upon or following generic entry, which may mitigate the anticipated decrease in product sales.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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A 100 basis-points increase or decrease in interest rates would have an annualized pre-tax effect of approximately $25 million in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows, based on current outstanding borrowings and effective interest rates on our variable rate debt.
A 100 basis-points increase or decrease in interest rates would have an annualized pre-tax effect of approximately $32 million in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows, based on current outstanding borrowings and effective interest rates on our variable rate debt.
Foreign Currency Risk In the year ended December 31, 2022, a majority of our revenue and expense activities and capital expenditures were denominated in U.S. dollars. We have exposure to multiple foreign currencies, including, among others, the Euro, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen.
Foreign Currency Risk In the year ended December 31, 2023, a majority of our revenue and expense activities and capital expenditures were denominated in U.S. dollars. We have exposure to multiple foreign currencies, including, among others, the Euro, Chinese yuan, Russian ruble and Japanese yen.
While our variable-rate debt may impact earnings and cash flows as a result of changes in effective interest rates, it is not subject to changes in fair value.
While our variable-rate debt may impact earnings and cash flows as a result of changes in effective interest rates, it is not subject to changes in fair value. The estimated fair value of our issued fixed rate debt as of December 31, 2023 was $1,470 million.
As of December 31, 2022, a 1% change in foreign currency exchange rates would have impacted our shareholders’ equity by approximately $27 million. Interest Rate Risk As of December 31, 2022, we had $2,488 million principal amount of issued variable rate debt.
As of December 31, 2023, a 1% change in foreign currency exchange rates would have impacted our shareholders’ equity by approximately $27 million. Interest Rate Risk During 2023, the Company became more susceptible to interest rate risk due to additional debt issuances.
We are subject to interest rate risk on our variable rate debt as changes in interest rates could adversely affect earnings and cash flows.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $3,236 million and $1,400 million in outstanding aggregate principal amount of issued variable rate and fixed rate debt, respectively. We are subject to interest rate risk on our variable rate debt as changes in interest rates could adversely affect earnings and cash flows.
Added
If interest rates were to increase by 100 basis-points, the fair value of our issued fixed rate debt would decrease by approximately $46 million. If interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis-points, the fair value of our issued fixed rate debt would increase by approximately $41 million.

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