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What changed in Cytek Biosciences, Inc.'s 10-K — 2022 vs 2023

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Paragraph-level year-over-year comparison of Cytek Biosciences, Inc.'s 2022 and 2023 10-K annual filings, covering the Business, Risk Factors, Legal Proceedings, Cybersecurity, MD&A and Market Risk sections. Every new, removed and edited paragraph is highlighted side-by-side so you can see exactly what management changed in the 2023 report.

+351 added−523 removedSource: 10-K (2024-03-13) vs 10-K (2023-03-01)

Top changes in Cytek Biosciences, Inc.'s 2023 10-K

351 paragraphs added · 523 removed · 289 edited across 5 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

96 edited+25 added−30 removed117 unchanged
Biggest changeCytek Cloud features two integrated online tools, Panel Builder and Experiment Builder, to streamline experiment workflow on our Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems. Panel Builder enables users to quickly visualize, compare, and optimize their fluorochrome selections with multiple spectral panel design tools, allowing them to build their panels in a simple and organized interface.
Biggest changeWe launched Cytek ® Cloud, a digital ecosystem that supports full spectrum flow cytometry research from panel design to data acquisition, seamlessly integrating with our SpectroFlo software. Cytek Cloud features three integrated online tools, Full Spectrum Viewer, Panel Builder and Experiment Builder, to streamline experiment workflow on our Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems.
Our technology was able to inform our fluorochrome development through the identification of areas within the spectrum for which there were currently no available fluorochrome options. Our cFluor ® reagents are fluorochrome conjugated antibodies used to identify cells of interest for analysis on our instruments.
Our cFluor reagents are fluorochrome conjugated antibodies used to identify cells of interest for analysis on our instruments. Our technology was able to inform our fluorochrome development through the identification of areas within the spectrum for which there were currently no available fluorochrome options.
Our FSP platform is designed to offer the following key benefits: • Ultra-sensitive: resolve the most challenging cell populations (such as cells with high autofluorescence or low levels of expression of key biomarkers) by providing high-resolution data at the single-cell level with an optimized signal-to-noise ratio. • Deep, high integrity content: allow development of highly complex assays through access to more than 40 different colors and thus, supporting more than 40 biomarkers in a single tube without sacrificing precision and throughput to gain a deeper understanding of biological systems and arrive at faster and more accurate diagnoses in clinical settings. 4 • Flexible and compatible: enable a single configuration across a wide range of reagents and applications, full backwards compatibility across panels, and greater leverage for downstream analysis with complementary technologies, including NGS. • Efficient and compact: improve costs and save time while maintaining industry-leading performance and efficient workflows that limit consumables usage and reduce labor costs—all within a highly compact footprint minimizing space requirements for laboratories. • Integrated and intuitive: provide fully-integrated workflows through a suite of solutions that include instruments, reagents and kits, software and services.
Our FSP platform is designed to offer the following key benefits: • Ultra-sensitive: resolve the most challenging cell populations (such as cells with high autofluorescence or low levels of expression of key biomarkers) by providing high-resolution data at the single-cell level with an optimized signal-to-noise ratio. • Deep, high integrity content: allow development of highly complex assays through access to more than 40 different colors and thus, supporting more than 40 biomarkers in a single tube without sacrificing precision and throughput to gain a deeper understanding of biological systems and arrive at faster and more accurate diagnoses in clinical settings. 4 Table of Contents • Flexible and compatible: enable a single configuration across a wide range of reagents and applications, full backwards compatibility across panels, and greater leverage for downstream analysis with complementary technologies, including NGS. • Efficient and compact: improve costs and save time while maintaining industry-leading performance and efficient workflows that limit consumables usage and reduce labor costs—all within a highly compact footprint minimizing space requirements for laboratories. • Integrated and intuitive: provide fully-integrated workflows through a suite of solutions that include instruments, accessories, reagents and kits, software and services.
This investment will also support our entry into new markets as we rollout new solutions and applications and appropriately manage inbound interest from new customers. • Continue to innovate and offer our customers best-in-class FSP solutions. Our development efforts focus on value-additive features and enhancements to meet the growing needs of the cell analysis market.
This investment will also support our entry into new markets as we rollout new solutions and applications and appropriately manage inbound interest from new customers. • Continue to innovate and offer our customers best-in-class solutions. Our development efforts focus on value-additive features and enhancements to meet the growing needs of the cell analysis market.
Our Aurora CS was commercially launched in June 2021 and is the first highly flexible, intuitive and ultra-sensitive cell sorter that leverages the detection and sensitivity capabilities of our FSP technology to isolate living cell populations from lower to higher complexity panels beyond 40 biomarkers.
Our Aurora CS system was commercially launched in June 2021 and is the first highly flexible, intuitive and ultra-sensitive cell sorter that leverages the detection and sensitivity capabilities of our FSP technology to isolate living cell populations from lower to higher complexity panels beyond 40 biomarkers.
Monitoring unauthorized disclosure is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to prevent such disclosure are, or will be, adequate. 10 Our commercial success may depend in part on our non-infringement of the patents or proprietary rights of third parties.
Monitoring unauthorized disclosure is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to prevent such disclosure are, or will be, adequate. Our commercial success may depend in part on our non-infringement of the patents or proprietary rights of third parties.
FDA Regulation of Medical Devices The FDA and other U.S. and foreign governmental agencies regulate, among other things, with respect to medical devices: • design, development and manufacturing; • testing, labeling, content and language of instructions for use and storage; • clinical trials; • product safety; • marketing, sales and distribution; • pre-market clearance and approval; • record keeping procedures; • advertising and promotion; • recalls and field safety corrective actions; 12 • post-market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, could lead to death or serious injury; • post-market approval studies; and • product import and export.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND PRODUCT APPROVAL FDA Regulation of Medical Devices The FDA and other U.S. and foreign governmental agencies regulate, among other things, with respect to medical devices: • design, development and manufacturing; • testing, labeling, content and language of instructions for use and storage; • clinical trials; • product safety; • marketing, sales and distribution; • pre-market clearance and approval; • record keeping procedures; • advertising and promotion; • recalls and field safety corrective actions; • post-market surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and malfunctions that, if they were to recur, could lead to death or serious injury; • post-market approval studies; and • product import and export.
FSP is highly complementary to single-cell genomics applications utilizing NGS as it can be used earlier in workflows to rapidly phenotype and isolate living cell populations to the single-cell level with highly multiplexed proteomic data.
FSP technology is highly complementary to single-cell genomics applications utilizing NGS as it can be used earlier in workflows to rapidly phenotype and isolate living cell populations to the single-cell level with highly multiplexed proteomic data.
The implications are significant in terms of flexibility and user experience, including experiment workflow transportability and assay reproducibility, enabling a 40-biomarker assay to be run in both the Aurora and the Aurora CS systems, with similar results.
The implications are significant in terms of flexibility and user experience, including experiment workflow transportability and assay reproducibility, enabling a 40-biomarker assay to be run in both the Cytek Aurora and the Aurora CS systems, with similar results.
SALES AND MARKETING We distribute our products through our direct sales force and support organizations located in North America, Europe, China and several countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and through distributors or sales agents in several countries in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region.
SALES AND MARKETING We distribute our products through our direct sales force and support organizations located in North America, Europe, China and several other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and through distributors or sales agents in several countries in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region.
Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, it is expected that the government will 16 continue to devote substantial resources to investigating healthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws.
Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, it is expected that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigating healthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws.
Aurora CS System Key to the discovery of unraveling cellular complexity is the ability to perform additional downstream genomic and proteomic studies on the specific subsets identified using high dimensional phenotyping approaches.
Cytek Aurora CS System Key to the discovery of unraveling cellular complexity is the ability to perform additional downstream genomic and proteomic studies on the specific subsets identified using high dimensional phenotyping approaches.
We are committed to our employees and to the communities we serve worldwide. It is our philosophy to foster open communication and our employees are encouraged to provide input on ways to improve our business strategy and tactics, work 11 environment and organization.
We are committed to our employees and to the communities we serve worldwide. It is our philosophy to foster open communication and our employees are encouraged to provide input on ways to improve our business strategy and tactics, work environment and organization.
Food and Drug Administration Regulation After a medical device is placed on the market, numerous FDA regulatory requirements apply, including, but not limited to the following: • the QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the manufacturing process; 14 • establishment registration, which requires establishments involved in the production and distribution of medical devices, intended for commercial distribution in the United States, to register with the FDA; • medical device listing, which requires manufacturers to list the devices they have in commercial distribution with the FDA; • clearance or approval of product modifications to 510(k)-cleared devices that could significantly affect safety or effectiveness or that would constitute a major change in intended use of one of our cleared devices; • medical device reporting regulations, which require that a manufacturer report to the FDA if a device it markets may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned and the device or a similar device that it markets would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, if the malfunction were to recur; • correction, removal and recall reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA that may present a risk to health; • complying with the new federal law and regulations requiring Unique Device Identifiers (UDI) on devices and also requiring the submission of certain information about each device to the FDA’s Global Unique Device Identification Database; • the FDA’s recall authority, whereby the agency can order device manufacturers to recall from the market a product that is in violation of governing laws and regulations; • labeling regulations, which prohibit “misbranded” devices from entering the market, as well as prohibit the promotion of products for unapproved or “off-label” uses and impose other restrictions on labeling; and • post-market surveillance including Medical Device Reporting, which requires manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur.
Food and Drug Administration Regulation After a medical device is placed on the market, numerous FDA regulatory requirements apply, including, but not limited to the following: • the QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the manufacturing process; • establishment registration, which requires establishments involved in the production and distribution of medical devices, intended for commercial distribution in the United States, to register with the FDA; • medical device listing, which requires manufacturers to list the devices they have in commercial distribution with the FDA; • clearance or approval of product modifications to 510(k)-cleared devices that could significantly affect safety or effectiveness or that would constitute a major change in intended use of one of our cleared devices; • medical device reporting regulations, which require that a manufacturer report to the FDA if a device it markets may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned and the device or a similar device that it markets would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, if the malfunction were to recur; • correction, removal and recall reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA that may present a risk to health; • complying with the new federal law and regulations requiring Unique Device Identifiers (UDI) on devices and also requiring the submission of certain information about each device to the FDA’s Global Unique Device Identification Database; • the FDA’s recall authority, whereby the agency can order device manufacturers to recall from the market a product that is in violation of governing laws and regulations; • labeling regulations, which prohibit “misbranded” devices from entering the market, as well as prohibit the promotion of products for unapproved or “off-label” uses and impose other restrictions on labeling; and • post-market surveillance including Medical Device Reporting, which requires manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur. 16 Table of Contents The FDA enforces these requirements by inspection and market surveillance.
We currently compete with established and early stage life sciences and in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) companies developing or commercializing flow cytometry instruments and consumables, as well as other companies that design, manufacture and market instruments, consumables, reagent kits and software 9 for, among other applications, cell analysis, immunophenotyping, cell sorting and/or provide services related to the same.
We currently compete with established and early stage life sciences and in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) companies developing or commercializing flow cytometry instruments and consumables, as well as other companies that design, manufacture and market instruments, accessories, consumables, reagent kits and software for, among other applications, cell analysis, immunophenotyping, cell sorting and/or provide services related to the same.
As a result of these factors and the budget cycles of our customers, the sales cycle on our instrument, the time from initial contact with a customer to our receipt of a purchase order, can be six months or longer. MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY Our manufacturing operations are located in Fremont and San Diego, California and Wuxi, China.
As a result of these factors and the budget cycles of our customers, the sales cycle on our instrument, the time from initial contact with a customer to our receipt of a purchase order, can be six months or longer. MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY Our manufacturing operations are located in Fremont, California; San Diego, California; Seattle, Washington; and Wuxi, China.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person from knowingly and willfully offering, soliciting, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce either the referral of an individual, for an item or service or the purchasing, leasing, ordering, or arranging for or recommending the purchase, lease or order of any good, facility, item or service, for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person from knowingly and willfully offering, soliciting, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce either the referral of an individual, for an item or service or the purchasing, leasing, ordering, or arranging for or 17 Table of Contents recommending the purchase, lease or order of any good, facility, item or service, for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under federal healthcare programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
Since our FSP platform provides highly complex data down to single-cell resolution at a rapid speed, it is inherently well-suited to drive more targeted and efficient downstream analyses for other single-cell technologies, such as NGS, single-cell capture and sample preparation, high-resolution microscopy (such as mass imaging cytometry, super resolution microscopy, confocal microscopy and high-throughput screening platforms), and micro and optofluidic 6 systems.
Since our FSP platform provides highly complex data down to single-cell resolution at a rapid speed, it is inherently well-suited to drive more targeted and efficient 6 Table of Contents downstream analyses for other single-cell technologies, such as NGS, single-cell capture and sample preparation, high-resolution microscopy (such as mass imaging cytometry, super resolution microscopy, confocal microscopy and high-throughput screening platforms), and micro and optofluidic systems.
OUR PRODUCTS We are a leading cell analysis solutions provider that develops compact, cost-effective full spectrum profiling instruments with high multiplexing capability, and we offer a wide range of services to support scientists and clinicians. Our products are used in the world’s most renowned pharmaceutical and clinical research organizations, as well as premier academic and research institutions.
OUR PRODUCTS We are a leading cell analysis solutions provider that develops compact, cost-effective instruments with high multiplexing capability, and we offer a wide range of services to support scientists and clinicians. Our products are used in the world’s most renowned pharmaceutical and clinical research organizations, as well as premier academic and research institutions.
However, we cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any resultant injury from these materials. We do not currently maintain separate environmental liability coverage and any such contamination or discharge could result in significant cost to us in penalties, damages and suspension of our operations.
However, we cannot eliminate the risk of 18 Table of Contents accidental contamination or discharge and any resultant injury from these materials. We do not currently maintain separate environmental liability coverage and any such contamination or discharge could result in significant cost to us in penalties, damages and suspension of our operations.
Further, there has been a meaningful acceleration in the rate of publications generated to showcase our technology, with over 1000 peer-reviewed articles published, including many prominent journals, across a wide range of applications including oncology, infectious diseases, immunology, immunotherapy and immuno-oncology.
Further, there has been a meaningful acceleration in the rate of publications generated to showcase our technology, with over 1,650 peer-reviewed articles published, including many prominent journals, across a wide range of applications including oncology, infectious diseases, immunology, immunotherapy and immuno-oncology.
On October 6, 2020, we entered into a Settlement, License and Equity Issuance Agreement with BD pursuant to which we and BD agreed to a mutual release of all claims against each other as of the date thereof (the “BD Agreement”).
On October 6, 2020, we entered into a Settlement, License and Equity Issuance Agreement with BD pursuant to which we and BD agreed to a mutual release of all claims against each other as of the date thereof (the “BD 12 Table of Contents Agreement”).
Our overarching goal is to become a comprehensive solutions provider to our customers by delivering a fully-integrated offering of instruments, consumables, software and services enabled by our FSP technology. As we continue to penetrate our addressable markets, we can leverage our growing installed base to drive consumable pull-through and recurring revenue. • Drive clinical research application development.
Our overarching goal is to become a comprehensive solutions provider to our customers by delivering a fully-integrated offering of instruments, accessories, consumables, software and services. As we continue to penetrate our addressable markets, we can leverage our growing installed base to drive consumable pull-through and recurring revenue. • Drive clinical research application development.
Laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) LDTs have generally been considered to be tests that are designed, developed, validated and used within a single laboratory. The FDA takes the position that it has the authority to regulate such tests as medical devices under the FDC Act.
Laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) LDTs have generally been considered to be tests that are designed, developed, validated and used within a single laboratory. The FDA takes the position that it has the authority to regulate such tests as medical devices under the FDCA.
SpectroFlo® Software Our proprietary SpectroFlo software is integrated into our systems and is unique in that it offers intuitive workflows for handling full spectrum flow cytometry data, from quality control to data analysis. The software was developed specifically for our Aurora and Northern Lights systems to streamline instrument setup, automated quality control, data analysis and experiment exports.
SpectroFlo® Software Our proprietary SpectroFlo software is integrated into our systems and is unique in that it offers intuitive workflows for handling full spectrum flow cytometry data, from quality control to data analysis. The software was developed specifically for our Cytek Aurora and Northern Lights systems to streamline instrument setup, automated quality control, data analysis and data management.
We are deeply committed to developing our platform’s clinical research applications, and in particular, within disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. We also focus on areas where we can leverage the combination of our FSP platform with complementary cell analysis technologies (such as NGS) to produce differentiated outcomes with greater sensitivity, such as with MRD testing.
We are deeply committed to developing our platform’s clinical research applications, and in particular, within disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. We also focus on areas where we can leverage the combination of our platform with complementary cell analysis technologies (such as NGS) to produce differentiated outcomes with greater sensitivity, such as with minimal residual disease (“MRD”) testing .
Our FSP technology enables the processing of a tremendous amount of highly complex information to provide real- time unmixing and sorting capabilities at the field-programmable gate array level.
Our FSP technology enables the processing of a tremendous amount of 7 Table of Contents highly complex information to provide real-time unmixing and sorting capabilities at the field-programmable gate array level.
The Similarity index compares the emission spectrum of two dyes, identifying whether the dyes have unique characteristics or if the dyes are identical, which 8 determines whether they can be used together to analyze a sample in a flow cytometry assay.
The Similarity index compares the emission spectrum of two dyes, identifying whether the dyes have unique characteristics or if the dyes 9 Table of Contents are identical, which determines whether they can be used together to analyze a sample in a flow cytometry assay.
We believe the combination of our people and our global reach across the United States, Europe and Asia will enable us to continue to execute on our growth strategies, stay ahead of competition and remain at the forefront of innovation in cell analysis. Our leadership team has extensive track records in the life sciences and technology sectors.
We believe the combination of our people and our global reach will enable us to continue to execute on our growth strategies, stay ahead of competition and remain at the forefront of innovation in cell analysis. Our leadership team has extensive track records in the life sciences and technology sectors.
As our FSP platform is further validated through the continued acceleration of peer-reviewed publications in new applications, we expect our total addressable market to expand. Complementary technologies to FSP and multi-omics applications.
As our products are further validated through the continued acceleration of peer-reviewed publications in new applications, we expect our total addressable market to expand. Complementary technologies to FSP and multi-omics applications.
The information contained on the websites referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, our references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only. 18
The information contained on the websites referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, our references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only. 19 Table of Contents
These efforts drive continued innovation across our proprietary reagents, software and services offerings, in addition to new instrumentation releases, such as the recently launched Aurora CS. • Invest in integrated workflow solutions to drive pull-through from our consumables and services.
These efforts drive continued innovation across our proprietary reagents, software and services offerings, in addition to new instrumentation releases, such as the Aurora CS and the recently launched Cytek Orion™ reagent cocktail preparation system . • Invest in integrated workflow solutions to drive pull-through from our consumables and services.
Reagents and Kits We also have launched our reagent products to provide additional options for researchers and clinical laboratories when choosing which biomarkers to run together in a panel, particularly since our Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems allow for more fluorochromes to be run together than was previously commercially available.
Reagents and Kits We launched our cFluor ® reagent products to provide additional options for researchers and clinical laboratories when choosing which biomarkers to run together in a panel, particularly since our Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights and 8 Table of Contents Aurora CS systems allow for more fluorochromes to be run together than was previously commercially available.
This patented optics design enables researchers to effectively collect the full range of light emissions in an extremely compact space, resulting in higher resolution. Our platform also provides higher content by enabling development of highly complex assays with more than 40 different colors (individual fluorochromes) and thus supporting more than 40 biomarkers, all accessible within just a single tube.
This patented optics design enables researchers to effectively collect the full range of light emissions in an extremely compact space, resulting in higher resolution and enabling the development of highly complex assays with more than 40 different colors (individual fluorochromes), supporting more than 40 biomarkers within just a single tube.
As a complementary tool to our full spectrum viewer, we have developed the Similarity and the Complexity indices, which provide unique metrics for assessing fluorochrome compatibility within a panel.
As a complementary tool to our Full Spectrum Viewer, our Similarity ™ and Complexity ™ indices provide unique metrics for assessing fluorochrome compatibility within a panel.
We believe our financial results reflect the significant market demand for our offerings and adoption of our FSP technology: our strong financial profile is differentiated by the combination of our scaled revenue base, high revenue growth and profitability. Our revenue for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $164.0 million, $128.0 million, and $92.8 million, respectively.
We believe our financial results reflect the significant market demand for our product offerings and adoption of our FSP technology: our strong financial profile is differentiated by the combination of our scaled revenue base, revenue growth and cash balance. Our revenue for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $193.0 million, $164.0 million, and $128.0 million, respectively.
We generated net income of $2.5 million $3.0 million, and $19.4 million for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 5 Our Competitive Strengths We aim to transform the cell analysis market by continuing to build upon our success as a leading platform of innovative FSP solutions by leveraging our key competitive strengths, including: • Our novel, patented FSP platform delivers high-resolution, high-content and high-sensitivity cell analysis by utilizing the full spectrum of fluorescent signatures. • Our solutions address many of our customers’ unmet needs. • Our complete FSP offering is available across a range of price points while consistently delivering high performance. • Our diversified customer base and breadth of relationships and scientific validation. • Our global scale and reach.
Our Competitive Strengths We aim to transform the cell analysis market by continuing to build upon our success as a leading platform of innovative solutions by leveraging our key competitive strengths, which include: • Our novel, patented FSP platform delivers high-resolution, high-content and high-sensitivity cell analysis by utilizing the full spectrum of fluorescent signatures. • Our solutions address many of our customers’ unmet needs. • Our complete offering is available across a range of price points while consistently delivering high performance. • Our diversified customer base and breadth of relationships and scientific validation. • Our global scale and reach.
Our multidisciplinary group of over 580 employees includes employees with expertise across optics, electronics, fluidics, computer sciences, chemistry, biology, and medical sciences.
As of December 31, 2023, our multidisciplinary group of over 676 employees includes employees with expertise across optics, electronics, fluidics, computer sciences, chemistry, biology, and medical sciences.
Our patented FSP technology is designed to optimize sensitivity and accuracy through its novel optical and electronic designs that utilize an innovative method of light detection and distribution to a specifically selected number and type of detectors.
Full Spectrum Profiling™ (FSP™) Technology Our patented FSP technology optimizes sensitivity and accuracy through its unique optical and electronic designs that utilize an innovative method of light detection and distribution to a specifically selected number and type of detectors.
Our products are expected to be classified as Class II devices. 510(k) Clearance Process To obtain 510(k) clearance, we must submit a pre-market notification to the FDA demonstrating that the proposed device is substantially equivalent to a previously-cleared 510(k) device, a device that was in commercial distribution before May 28, 1976 for which the FDA has not yet called for the submission of PMA applications, or is a device that has been reclassified from Class III to either Class II or I.
Some pre-amendment devices are unclassified, but are subject to the FDA’s pre-market notification and clearance process in order to be commercially distributed. 510(k) Clearance Process To obtain 510(k) clearance, we must submit a pre-market notification to the FDA demonstrating that the proposed device is substantially equivalent to a previously-cleared 510(k) device, a device that was in commercial distribution before 14 Table of Contents May 28, 1976 for which the FDA has not yet called for the submission of PMA applications, or is a device that has been reclassified from Class III to either Class II or I.
With the ability to import a previously designed experiment template, users are able to quickly set up their experiments and there is no need to re-enter the panel design, acquisition criteria, reagent information or data analysis worksheets.
With the ability to import a previously designed experiment template, either from a collaborator or from an experiment designed in Cytek Cloud, users are able to quickly set up their experiments and there is no need to re-enter the panel design, acquisition criteria, reagent information or data analysis worksheets, fluorochrome names, cell markers, reagent lots, or acquisition criteria.
In the United States, numerous laws and regulations govern all the processes by which medical devices are brought to market and marketed. These include the FDCA and the FDA’s implementing regulations, among others.
In the United States, numerous laws and regulations govern all the processes by which medical devices are brought to market and marketed. These include the U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) and the FDA’s implementing regulations, among others.
Aurora and Northern Lights Systems Our Aurora and Northern Lights systems were commercially launched in June 2017 and October 2018, respectively. Both instruments are highly flexible, intuitive, and ultra-sensitive full spectrum flow cytometers, utilizing state-of-the-art optics and low-noise electronics to provide excellent sensitivity and resolution, allowing researchers to resolve rare cell populations that were previously challenging to resolve.
Both instruments are highly flexible, intuitive, and ultra-sensitive full spectrum flow cytometers, utilizing state-of-the-art optics and low-noise electronics to provide excellent sensitivity and resolution, allowing researchers to resolve rare cell populations that were previously challenging to resolve.
Our Strategy Our strategy includes the following core elements: • Accelerate adoption of our FSP solutions. To continue driving adoption of our solutions and to support our leading global brand, we intend to further expand our sales infrastructure by hiring additional, highly qualified and reputable sales representatives, technical applications specialists and customer support staff, in addition to increasing marketing efforts.
Our Strategy Our strategy includes the following core elements: • Accelerate adoption of our solutions. To continue driving adoption of our solutions and to support our leading global brand, we intend to maximize the effectiveness of our sales infrastructure, including our sales representatives, technical applications specialists and customer support staff, in addition to increasing marketing efforts.
As of December 31, 2022, we had 583 employees, including 162 employees in research and development, 134 employees in sales and marketing, 223 employees in manufacturing and operations, and 64 employees in general and administrative. We believe that the success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel.
As of December 31, 2023, we had 676 employees, including 164 employees in research and development, 254 employees in sales and marketing, 204 employees in manufacturing and operations, and 49 employees in general and administrative. We believe that the success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel.
An RUO product is one that is not intended for clinical diagnostic use and must be labeled “For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.” RUO products cannot make any claims related to safety, effectiveness or diagnostic utility and they cannot be intended for human clinical diagnostic use.
Not for use in diagnostic procedures.” RUO products cannot make any claims related to safety, effectiveness or diagnostic utility and they cannot be intended for human clinical diagnostic use.
We believe that having dual sources for our core products would help mitigate the potential impact of a production disruption at any one of our facilities to ensure a reliable and stable supply chain and product availability for our customers.
We have received incentive grants from the local Wuxi government for research, development, and manufacturing. 10 Table of Contents We believe that having dual sources for our core products would help mitigate the potential impact of a production disruption at any one of our facilities to ensure a reliable and stable supply chain and product availability for our customers.
Since our first U.S. commercial launch in mid-2017 through December 31, 2022, we have sold and deployed over 1,670 instruments— primarily comprised of our Aurora and Northern Lights systems—to customers around the world, including the largest pharmaceutical companies, over 200 biopharma companies, leading academic research centers, and clinical research organizations (“CROs”).
Since our first U.S. commercial launch in mid-2017 through December 31, 2023, we have sold and deployed our instruments to customers around the world, including pharmaceutical companies, biopharma companies, academic research centers, and clinical research organizations (“CROs”).
Compensation Philosophy We strive to provide comprehensive compensation, including cash, equity, benefits and services that attract, motivate and retain exceptional employees. Compensation is driven by local market conditions, internal equity and employee performance.
Compensation Philosophy We strive to provide comprehensive compensation, including cash, equity, benefits and services that attract, motivate and retain exceptional employees.
The Guava microcapillary-based flow cytometers are mainly adopted by entry to mid-range flow cytometry users who are looking for easy-to-use and cost-effective solutions for applications such as cell counting, cell biology and lower-plex immunophenotyping. The easyCyte flow cytometer is a highly dynamic benchtop system with great sensitivity and optional high-throughput capabilities powered by intuitive software.
The Guava microcapillary-based flow cytometers are mainly adopted by entry to mid-range flow cytometry users who are looking for easy-to-use and cost-effective solutions for applications such as cell counting, cell biology and lower-plex immunophenotyping.
For more information regarding the risks related to our intellectual property, please see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.” As of December 31, 2022, we own 12 issued U.S. utility patents, two issued Japan utility patents, one issued European utility patent and one issued China utility patent.
For more information regarding the risks related to our intellectual property, please see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.” Including rights acquired in connection with the FCI Acquisition, as of December 31, 2023, we own 33 issued U.S. utility patents, nine issued Japan utility patents, seven issued European utility patents, three issued China utility patents, one Canada utility patent, one India utility patent, two Australian utility patents, and three Singapore utility patents.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS FCI Acquisition On February 28, 2023, we completed the acquisition of certain assets (the “FCI Acquisition”) relating to the flow cytometry and imaging business of Luminex Corporation (“Luminex”), including relating to the business of manufacturing, marketing, selling, servicing and maintaining Amnis-, CellStream-, Guava- and Muse-branded instruments, and flow cytometry reagent products and services (the “FCI Business”), for a purchase price of approximately $46.5 million in cash pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement between us and Luminex dated February 13, 2023.
Flow Cytometry and Imaging (FCI) Business On February 28, 2023, we completed the acquisition of certain assets (the “FCI Acquisition”) relating to the flow cytometry and imaging business of Luminex Corporation (“Luminex”), including relating to the business of manufacturing, marketing, selling, servicing and maintaining Amnis ® - and Guava ® -branded instruments, and flow cytometry reagent products and services (the “FCI Business”).
The certification enables the Northern Lights CLC system to be sold into in vitro diagnostic laboratories in the European Union and in other countries around the world that accept this specific certification. The Northern Lights CLC system is also certified for in vitro diagnostic use as a Class II device in China.
This registration enables the Northern Lights CLC system to be marketed for clinical use in the European Union and in other countries around the world that accept the Certification of Free Sale issued from an EU Competent Authority. The Northern Lights CLC system is also registered as a Class II In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device in China.
We believe this new technology will enable users to gain a deeper level of cell classification, take advantage of key trends and scientific expansion, and allow for greater clinical research applications, such as with MRD, cell analysis and disease discovery. 7 Unlike other high-capacity sorters, we believe the Aurora CS is the only cell sorter that can accommodate the same number of parameters with the same sensitivity as the Aurora system and isolate living cell populations of interest using the same panel and without having to alter the optical configuration, while also being able to sort panels designed for conventional analyzers.
Unlike other high-capacity sorters, we believe the Aurora CS system is the only cell sorter that can accommodate the same number of parameters with the same sensitivity as the Cytek Aurora system and isolate living cell populations of interest using the same panel and without having to alter the optical configuration, while also being able to sort panels designed for conventional analyzers.
The DxP Athena system incorporates DxP technology with efficient PMTs to enable high sensitivity and high resolution and our proprietary QbSure software to ensure optimal daily instrument performance. The system is available in multiple configurations with one to three lasers and up to 13 fluorescence detection channels. The automated monthly clean bleach cycle minimizes downtime, streamlines maintenance and encourages compliance.
It is certified for clinical use by China NMPA. The DxP Athena system incorporates technology with efficient photomultiplier tubes to enable high sensitivity and high resolution and our proprietary QbSure software to ensure optimal daily instrument performance. The system is available in multiple configurations with one to three lasers and up to 13 fluorescence detection channels.
Research Use Only Our products and operations may be subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the FDA and other federal, state, or local authorities, as well as foreign regulatory authorities. Certain of our products are currently marketed as RUO.
Research Use Only Our products and operations may be subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the FDA and other federal, state, or local authorities, as well as foreign regulatory authorities. An RUO product is one that is not intended for clinical diagnostic use and must be labeled “For Research Use Only.
We believe the Aurora CS is the only cell sorter able to accommodate the same number of parameters with the same sensitivity as the Aurora cell analyzer system. Each system is supported by our highly intuitive, proprietary embedded SpectroFlo® software, our reagents, and our service offerings to provide a comprehensive, end-to-end platform of solutions for our customers.
Each system is supported by our highly intuitive, proprietary embedded SpectroFlo ® software, our reagents, and our service offerings to provide a comprehensive, end-to-end platform of solutions for our customers.
Our proprietary tools and the intuitive functionality of our proprietary SpectroFlo® software coupled with a user-friendly interface allow for enhanced ease-of-use and minimal operator training. Our core instruments, the Aurora and Northern Lights systems, are full spectrum flow cytometers founded on our FSP platform technology.
Our proprietary tools and the intuitive functionality of our proprietary SpectroFlo software coupled with a user-friendly interface allow for enhanced ease-of-use and minimal operator training.
Failure to comply with applicable foreign regulatory requirements may subject a company to fines, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, operating restrictions, criminal prosecution or other consequences. 15 European Union The Medical Devices Regulation, among other things, is intended to establish a uniform, transparent, predictable and sustainable regulatory framework across the EEA for medical devices and in vitro diagnostic devices and ensure a high level of safety and health while supporting innovation.
European Union The Medical Devices Regulation, among other things, is intended to establish a uniform, transparent, predictable and sustainable regulatory framework across the EEA for medical devices and in vitro diagnostic devices and ensure a high level of safety and health while supporting innovation.
China also has a broad network of potential suppliers and partners for our manufacturing operations and we are able to locally source a large portion of the raw materials required for our manufacturing processes. We have received incentive grants from the local Wuxi government for research, development, and manufacturing.
We are able to hire skilled employees from China’s existing in vitro diagnostic and optical product industry. China also has a broad network of potential suppliers and partners for our manufacturing operations and we are able to locally source a large portion of the raw materials required for our manufacturing processes.
We collaborate closely with KOLs, generating relevant data and publications to demonstrate not only the feasibility, but also the quality of our FSP approach. We plan to continue executing on our strategy to accelerate our growth by driving adoption of our FSP solutions, inspiring innovation, investing in integrated workflow solutions, and driving application development and adoption in clinical markets.
We plan to continue executing on our strategy to accelerate our growth by driving adoption of our solutions, inspiring innovation, investing in integrated workflow solutions, and driving application development and adoption in clinical markets.
Patents covering intellectual property relating to design specific technologies invented by our researchers in Shanghai and Wuxi, China are filed in China and owned by our China subsidiaries, respectively.
Assuming all maintenance fees are paid, the U.S. issued patents are expected to naturally expire between years 2025 and 2038. Patents covering intellectual property relating to design specific technologies invented by our researchers in Shanghai and Wuxi, China are filed in China and owned by our China subsidiaries, respectively.
A product labeled RUO but intended to be used diagnostically may be viewed by the FDA as adulterated and misbranded under the FDC Act and is subject to FDA enforcement activities. The FDA may consider the totality of the circumstances surrounding distribution and use of an RUO product, including how the product is marketed, when determining its intended use.
A product labeled RUO but intended to be used diagnostically may be viewed by the FDA as adulterated and misbranded under the FDCA and is subject to FDA enforcement activities.
FCI Business The acquired FCI Business includes conventional flow and image-based flow cytometry instrumentation and related products and services, including the Amnis and Guava product lines (the “FCI Products”). Over 7,000 Amnis and Guava systems have been sold and deployed in academic and industry laboratories worldwide, with more than 1,500 active customers in more than 70 countries.
Over 7,000 Amnis and Guava systems have been sold and deployed in academic and industry laboratories worldwide, with more than 1,500 active customers in more than 70 countries.
As of December 31, 2022, our Shanghai subsidiary owns 15 issued utility patents and one issued invention patent and has ten pending invention patent applications and one pending utility patent application, and our Wuxi subsidiary owns 36 issued patents and has eight pending patent applications, including nine pending utility patent applications and seven pending invention patent applications.
As of December 31, 2023, our Shanghai subsidiary owns 14 issued utility patents and three issued invention patents and has eight pending invention patent applications, and our Wuxi subsidiary owns 38 issued 11 Table of Contents patents and has six pending patent applications, including one pending utility patent applications and five pending invention patent applications.
Additionally, our optical design and unmixing algorithm make the instrument amenable to a wide array of applications and fluorochrome options, all without needing to reconfigure the instrument hardware as would otherwise be required on a CFC. The Aurora system is available with three to five lasers and can detect more than 40 biomarkers in one sample tube.
Additionally, our optical design and unmixing algorithm make the instrument amenable to a wide array of applications and fluorochrome options, all without needing to reconfigure the instrument hardware as would otherwise be required on a conventional flow cytometer (“CFC”).
We launched our 14-color immunoprofiling kit in December 2020, which is designed to distinguish different subsets of T, B and natural killer (“TBNK”) cells, and our 25-color immunoprofiling assay in October 2021 to provide a turnkey solution for identifying major human immune subpopulations for TBNK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and basophils – all of which play important roles in the innate and adaptive immune response in various diseases.
Our 14-color immunoprofiling kit is designed to distinguish different subsets of T, B and natural killer (“TBNK”) cells, our 25-color immunoprofiling assay provides a turnkey solution for identifying major human immune subpopulations for TBNK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and basophils, and our 13-color human B cell monitoring kit provides a turnkey solution for identifying and enumerating B cell subsets in human whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
We generally seek patent protection in the United States, Japan, China and selected countries of the European Union, such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom.
We also own a number of issued patents related to the Amnis and Guava families of flow cytometer products from the FCI Acquisition. We generally seek patent protection in the United States, Japan, China and selected countries of the European Union, such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom.
Most recently, in February 2022, we released our pan leukocyte kit, a lyse-no-wash assay designed to help researchers fully enumerate the complete set of major leukocyte subsets in drug discovery and development.
In 2023, we introduced the single-tube 20-color panel for identifying and characterizing normal and aberrant cells and evaluating MRD in acute myeloid leukemia samples and our pan leukocyte kit, a lyse-no-wash assay designed to help researchers fully enumerate the complete set of major leukocyte subsets in drug discovery and development.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain components and materials used in our systems. Key components in our products that are supplied by sole or limited source suppliers include certain lasers, semiconductors and mechanical components that are used in our optical, electrical and fluidic subassemblies.
Key components in our products that are supplied by sole or limited source suppliers include certain lasers, semiconductors and mechanical components that are used in our optical, electrical and fluidic subassemblies. While we are in the process of qualifying additional sources of supply, qualifications can take 12 to 24 months and, in some cases, longer.
With respect to many of our suppliers, we are neither a major customer, nor do we have long term supply contracts. These suppliers may therefore give other customers’ needs higher priority than ours, and we may not be able to obtain adequate supply in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms.
These suppliers may therefore give other customers’ needs higher priority than ours, and we may not be able to obtain adequate supply in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms. COMPETITION We face significant competition from within the cell analysis and life sciences tools market.
Our FSP platform addresses the inherent limitations of other technologies by providing a higher density of information with greater sensitivity, more flexibility and increased efficiency, all at a lower cost for performance.
Our core FSP systems, the Cytek Aurora™ and Northern Lights™ flow cytometers, deliver high-resolution, high-content and high-sensitivity cell analysis and address the inherent limitations of other technologies by providing a higher level of multiplexing with exquisite sensitivity, more flexibility and increased efficiency, all at a lower cost for performance.
Our worldwide commercial team of more than 130 employees and our research and development team of more than 160 employees have significant expertise, industry experience and collaborative relationships with key opinion leaders (“KOLs”), industry leaders, innovators and potential customers.
Our worldwide commercial team of 254 employees and our research and development team of 164 employees have significant expertise, industry experience and collaborative relationships with key opinion leaders (“KOLs”), industry leaders, innovators and potential customers. We have a long history of providing high-quality and efficient customer service and our product development efforts reflect our deep understanding of our customers’ needs.
To help accelerate our overarching goal to become a comprehensive solutions provider to our customers, we acquired the reagents business of Tonbo Biotechnologies Corporation in November 2021. Automated Micro-Sampling System and Automated Sample Loader System Our Automated Micro-Sampling (“AMS”) system and Automated Sample Loader (“ASL”) system were commercially launched in 2018 and 2021, respectively.
To help accelerate our overarching goal to become a comprehensive solutions provider to our customers, we acquired the reagents business of Tonbo Biotechnologies Corporation in November 2021 (the “Tonbo Acquisition”) and offer reagents under the Tonbo™ brand. Additionally, we also offer Amnis and Guava-branded reagents and kits.
We commenced manufacturing operations in Fremont, California in 2015. Our Fremont facility maintains ISO 9001 certification and manufactures our Aurora and Aurora CS systems, as well as our reagents and spare parts. Our Wuxi manufacturing facility commenced operations in 2017 and maintains ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certification.
We commenced manufacturing operations in Fremont, California in 2015. We relocated our Fremont headquarters and manufacturing facility in October 2021 to provide us with capacity expansion capability that would be sufficient to support our growth. Our Fremont facility maintains ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certifications and manufactures our Cytek Aurora and Aurora CS systems, as well as spare parts.
Our principal executive offices are located at 47215 Lakeview Blvd., Fremont, California 94538. Our telephone number is (877) 922-9835. Our website is www.cytekbio.com.
CORPORATE INFORMATION We were incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in December 2014 under the name Cytoville, Inc. In August 2015, we changed our name to Cytek Biosciences, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 47215 Lakeview Blvd., Fremont, California 94538. Our telephone number is (877) 922-9835. Our website is www.cytekbio.com.
In June 2021, we commercially launched the Aurora cell sorter (“Aurora CS”), which leverages our FSP technology to further broaden our potential applications across cell analysis. Biological systems are highly complex, and scientists are challenged by the multitude of questions that remain unanswered. Analysis at the single-cell level is essential to understand these complex systems.
Our goal is to become the premier cell analysis company through continued innovation that facilitates scientific advances in biomedical research and clinical applications. Biological systems are highly complex, and scientists are challenged by the multitude of questions that remain unanswered. Analysis at the single-cell level is essential to understand these complex systems.
We relocated our Fremont headquarters and manufacturing facility in October 2021 to provide us with capacity expansion capability that would be sufficient to support our growth. We expect that our existing manufacturing capacity for instrumentation and reagents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for at least the next several years.
We expect that our existing manufacturing capacity for instrumentation and reagents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for at least the next several years. We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain components and materials used in our systems.
Legislative or regulatory reforms in the United States or the EU may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearances or approvals for our products or to manufacture, market or distribute our products after clearance or approval is obtained. 13 De Novo Classification Process Medical device types that the FDA has not previously classified as Class I, II, or III are automatically classified into Class III regardless of the level of risk they pose.
De Novo Classification Process Medical device types that the FDA has not previously classified as Class I, II, or III are automatically classified into Class III regardless of the level of risk they pose.
In addition, both instruments incorporate our SpectroFlo® software, which offers an intuitive workflow from quality control to sample acquisition to data analysis, with technology- enabling tools that simplify running applications. Our Aurora and Northern Lights systems are used in the study of infectious diseases, immunology, immunotherapy, immuno-oncology, oncology, inflammation, and drug discovery.
In addition, both instruments incorporate our SpectroFlo ® software, which offers an intuitive workflow from quality control to sample acquisition to data analysis, with technology- enabling tools that simplify running applications. The Northern Lights CLC (NL-CLC ™ ) system was registered in the European Union in compliance with Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices in November 2023.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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Biggest changeIf our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our operating results could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
Biggest changeIf a court were to find either exclusive forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, all of which could seriously harm our business. 59 Table of Contents General Risk Factors If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our operating results could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.
We plan to continue generating supporting publications and data, as well as pursue any required regulatory approvals for clinical use for our products in the United States.
We plan to continue generating supporting publications and data, as well as pursue any required regulatory approvals for clinical use for our products in the United States.
In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement or dilution claims brought by owners of other trademarks against us. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business may be adversely affected.
In addition, there could be potential trade name, trademark infringement or dilution claims brought by owners of other trademarks against us. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business may be adversely affected.
In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial negative impact on our common stock price.
In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial negative impact on our common stock price.
Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately.
Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately.
These stockholders, acting 19 together, will be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and any merger or other significant corporate transaction. • If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent or other intellectual property protection for any of our current or future products, or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our current or future products may be harmed. • Our business currently depends significantly on research and development spending by academic institutions and government-owned institutions, a reduction in which could limit demand for our solutions and adversely affect our business and operating results. • International operations and expansion of our international business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States. • The market for cell analysis technologies and life sciences tools, including flow cytometry, is rapidly evolving and highly competitive.
These stockholders, acting together, will be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors and any merger or other significant corporate transaction. • If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent or other intellectual property protection for any of our current or future products, or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully commercialize our current or future products may be harmed. • Our business currently depends significantly on research and development spending by academic institutions and government-owned institutions, a reduction in which could limit demand for our solutions and adversely affect our business and operating results. • International operations and expansion of our international business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States. • The market for cell analysis technologies and life sciences tools, including flow cytometry, is rapidly evolving and highly competitive.
Our effective tax rate could increase due to several factors, including: • changes in the relative amounts of income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which we operate that have differing statutory tax rates; • changes in tax laws, tax treaties, and regulations or the interpretation of them; 57 • changes to our assessment about our ability to realize our deferred tax assets that are based on estimates of our future results, the prudence and feasibility of possible tax planning strategies, and the economic and political environments in which we do business; • the outcome of current and future tax audits, examinations, or administrative appeals; and • limitations or adverse findings regarding our ability to do business in some jurisdictions.
Our effective tax rate could increase due to several factors, including: • changes in the relative amounts of income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which we operate that have differing statutory tax rates; • changes in tax laws, tax treaties, and regulations or the interpretation of them; • changes to our assessment about our ability to realize our deferred tax assets that are based on estimates of our future results, the prudence and feasibility of possible tax planning strategies, and the economic and political environments in which we do business; • the outcome of current and future tax audits, examinations, or administrative appeals; and • limitations or adverse findings regarding our ability to do business in some jurisdictions.
If we or our employees are found to have violated any of the above laws we may be subjected to substantial criminal, civil and administrative 43 penalties, including imprisonment, exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and significant fines, monetary penalties, forfeiture, disgorgement and damages, contractual damages, reputational harm, administrative burdens, diminished profits and future earnings and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.
If we or our employees are found to have violated any of the above laws we may be subjected to substantial criminal, civil and administrative penalties, including imprisonment, exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and significant fines, monetary penalties, forfeiture, disgorgement and damages, contractual damages, reputational harm, administrative burdens, diminished profits and future earnings and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.
Separately, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” which is generally defined as a greater than 50% change, by value, in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited.
Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”) if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” which is generally defined as a greater than 50% change, by value, in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited.
For example, violations of the EU and UK GDPR can result in, temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions; fines of up to 20 million Euros (£17.5 million for the UK GDPR) or 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal information brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests.
For example, violations of the GDPR can result in, temporary or definitive bans on data processing and other corrective actions; fines of up to 20 million Euros (£17.5 million for the UK GDPR) or 4% of annual global revenue, whichever is greater; or private litigation related to processing of personal information brought by classes of data subjects or consumer protection organizations authorized at law to represent their interests.
The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches; • the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, implemented as Open Payments, requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually, with certain exceptions to CMS, information related to payments or other “transfers of value” made to physicians, as defined by such law, and teaching hospitals, and requires applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually to CMS ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse anesthetists and certified nurse-midwives; and • analogous state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require medical device companies to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state beneficiary inducement laws, which are state laws that require medical device manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures; and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.
The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches; • the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, implemented as Open Payments, requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually, with certain exceptions to CMS, information related to payments or other “transfers of value” made to physicians, as defined by such law, and teaching hospitals, and requires applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually to CMS ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified nurse anesthetists and certified nurse-midwives; and • analogous state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers; state laws that require medical device companies to comply with the industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; state beneficiary inducement laws, which are state laws that require medical device manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or 46 Table of Contents marketing expenditures; and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.
Our competitors and potential competitors may enjoy a number of competitive advantages over us, including: • longer operating histories; • larger customer bases; 25 • greater brand recognition and market penetration; • greater financial resources and capabilities; • greater technological and research and development resources; • larger intellectual property portfolios; • better system reliability and robustness; • greater selling and marketing capabilities; and • better established, larger scale and lower cost manufacturing capabilities.
Our competitors and potential competitors may enjoy a number of competitive advantages over us, including: • longer operating histories; • larger customer bases; • greater brand recognition and market penetration; • greater financial resources and capabilities; • greater technological and research and development resources; • larger intellectual property portfolios; • better system reliability and robustness; • greater selling and marketing capabilities; and • better established, larger scale and lower cost manufacturing capabilities.
Without the timely introduction of new instruments, consumables, software, services and enhancements, our offerings may become less competitive over time, in which case our competitive position and operating results could suffer. Accordingly, we focus significant efforts and resources on the development and identification of new products and applications to further drive adoption of our platform.
Without the timely introduction of new instruments, accessories, consumables, software, services and enhancements, our offerings may become less competitive over time, in which case our competitive position and operating results could suffer. Accordingly, we focus significant efforts and resources on the development and identification of new products and applications to further drive adoption of our platform.
For example, we are committed to developing our platform’s applications within the clinical market, and in particular, within disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. We seek to maintain a process of prioritization and resource allocation 26 among our programs to maintain a balance between advancing near-term opportunities and exploring additional markets and use cases for our technology.
For example, we are committed to developing our platform’s applications within the clinical market, and in particular, within disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. We seek to maintain a process of prioritization and resource allocation among our programs to maintain a balance between advancing near-term opportunities and exploring additional markets and use cases for our technology.
Complying with these and other similar laws and regulations (to the extent applicable) may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to change our business practices, and could lead to material fines, penalties and liability. 40 In addition, many jurisdictions have enacted data localization laws and cross-border persona information transfer laws.
Complying with these and other similar laws and regulations (to the extent applicable) may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to change our business practices, and could lead to material fines, penalties and liability. In addition, many jurisdictions have enacted data localization laws and cross-border persona information transfer laws.
If we raise additional funds through other third-party funding, collaborations agreements, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements or marketing and distribution arrangements, we may have to 31 relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or products or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.
If we raise additional funds through other third-party funding, collaborations agreements, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements or marketing and distribution arrangements, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or products or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.
If we are unable to identify and fix defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things: • loss of customers or orders; • increased costs of warranty expenses; • damage to our brand reputation; • failure to attract new customers; • diversion of development, engineering and manufacturing resources; 27 • regulatory actions by governmental authorities; and • legal actions by our customers.
If we are unable to identify and fix defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things: • loss of customers or orders; • increased costs of warranty expenses; • damage to our brand reputation; • failure to attract new customers; • diversion of development, engineering and manufacturing resources; • regulatory actions by governmental authorities; and • legal actions by our customers.
A third-party that files a patent application in the USPTO after March 2013, but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third-party. This will require us to be cognizant of the time from invention to filing of a patent application.
A third-party that files a patent application in the USPTO after March 15, 2013, but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third-party. This will require us to be cognizant of the time from invention to filing of a patent application.
Therefore, the America Invents Act and its 48 implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. In addition, future actions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and the USPTO could cause the laws and regulations governing patents to change in unpredictable ways.
Therefore, the America Invents Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. In addition, future actions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and the USPTO could cause the laws and regulations governing patents to change in unpredictable ways.
Developing new processes and negotiating supply agreements can be very time consuming, and any unexpected difficulty in doing so could delay the introduction of a product. 22 Our future success is dependent upon our ability to increase penetration in our existing markets and expand into adjacent markets.
Developing new processes and negotiating supply agreements can be very time consuming, and any unexpected difficulty in doing so could delay the introduction of a product. Our future success is dependent upon our ability to increase penetration in our existing markets and expand into adjacent markets.
There can be no assurance that we will receive the required approvals or clearances for any new products or for modifications to our existing products on a timely basis or that any approval or clearance will not be 37 subsequently withdrawn or conditioned upon extensive post-market study requirements.
There can be no assurance that we will receive the required approvals or clearances for any new products or for modifications to our existing products on a timely basis or that any approval or clearance will not be subsequently withdrawn or conditioned upon extensive post-market study requirements.
In some cases, we may not be able to obtain issued patent claims or other intellectual property covering our technologies which are sufficient to prevent third parties, such as our competitors, from utilizing our products and negate any competitive advantage we may have.
In some cases, we may not be able to obtain issued patent claims or other intellectual property rights covering our technologies which are sufficient to prevent third parties, such as our competitors, from utilizing our products and negate any competitive advantage we may have.
As a result, subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and applicable volume and restrictions that 53 apply to affiliates, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options or upon settlement of outstanding restricted stock unit awards are available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market.
As a result, subject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and applicable volume and restrictions that apply to affiliates, the shares issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options or upon settlement of outstanding restricted stock unit awards are available for immediate resale in the United States in the open market.
Key components in our products that are supplied by sole or single source suppliers include certain lasers, semiconductors and mechanical components that are used in our optical, electrical and fluidic subassemblies. On August 25, 2021, we and our China Subsidiary entered into the Coherent Agreement with Coherent.
Key components in our products that are supplied by sole or single source suppliers include certain lasers, semiconductors and mechanical components that are used in our optical, electrical and fluidic subassemblies. On August 25, 2021, we and our Subsidiary entered into the Coherent Agreement with Coherent.
Consequently, a catastrophic event or business interruption at our manufacturing facilities or at our suppliers’ facilities could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. 35 Our insurance policies are expensive and protect us only from some business risks, which leaves us exposed to significant uninsured liabilities.
Consequently, a catastrophic event or business interruption at our manufacturing facilities or at our suppliers’ facilities could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our insurance policies are expensive and protect us only from some business risks, which leaves us exposed to significant uninsured liabilities.
Manufacturers may, under their own initiative, recall a product if any deficiency is found. For reportable corrections and removals, companies are 38 required to make additional periodic submissions to the FDA after initiating the recall, and often engage with the FDA on their recall strategy prior to initiating the recall.
Manufacturers may, under their own initiative, recall a product if any deficiency is found. For reportable corrections and removals, companies are required to make additional periodic submissions to the FDA after initiating the recall, and often engage with the FDA on their recall strategy prior to initiating the recall.
Noncompliance with these laws could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. We are subject to stringent and changing U.S. and foreign data privacy and security laws, regulations, rules, and standards as well as policies, contractual obligations, and other obligations related to data privacy and security.
Noncompliance with these laws could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. We are subject to stringent and changing U.S. and foreign data privacy and security laws, regulations, rules, and industry standards as well as policies, contractual obligations, and other obligations related to data privacy and security.
This uncertainty includes 45 changes to the patent laws through either legislative action to changes to statutory patent law or court action that may reinterpret existing law or rules in ways affecting the scope or validity of issued patents or the chances that patent applications will result in issued claims and the scope of any such claims.
This uncertainty includes changes to the patent laws through either legislative action to changes to statutory patent law or court action that may reinterpret existing law or rules in ways affecting the scope or validity of issued patents or the chances that patent applications will result in issued claims and the scope of any such claims.
If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate 20 our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Changes in either the patent laws or their interpretation in the United States and other countries may diminish our ability to protect our inventions, obtain, maintain and enforce our intellectual property rights and, more generally, could affect the value of our intellectual 44 property or narrow the scope of our patents.
Changes in either the patent laws or their interpretation in the United States and other countries may diminish our ability to protect our inventions, obtain, maintain and enforce our intellectual property rights and, more generally, could affect the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patents.
We currently compete with both established and early stage life sciences and in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) companies that design, manufacture and market flow cytometry instruments, consumables and software for cell analysis and/or provide services related to the same.
We currently compete with both established and early stage life sciences and in vitro diagnostics (“IVD”) companies that design, manufacture and market flow cytometry instruments, accessories, consumables and software for cell analysis and/or provide services related to the same.
If a system is damaged in transit, it may result in a substantial 28 delay in the fulfillment of the customer’s order, and depending on the type and extent of the damage and whether the incident is covered by insurance, it may result in customer dissatisfaction and a substantial financial loss for us.
If a system is damaged in transit, it may result in a substantial delay in the fulfillment of the customer’s order, and depending on the type and extent of the damage and whether the incident is covered by insurance, it may result in customer dissatisfaction and a substantial financial loss for us.
Currently, our Northern Lights CLC system is available for clinical use in only China and the European Union. Our Aurora and Northern Lights systems are otherwise available to customers as research use only (“RUO”) products. RUO products are regulated by the FDA as medical devices.
Currently, our Northern Lights CLC system is available for clinical use in only China and the European Union. Our Cytek Aurora and Northern Lights systems are otherwise available to customers as research use only (“RUO”) products. RUO products are regulated by the FDA as medical devices.
As a result, our management and other personnel 56 will have to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance with these requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
As a result, our management and other personnel will have to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance with these requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
The failure by us or one of our suppliers to comply with applicable statutes and regulations administered by the FDA and other regulatory bodies, or the failure to timely and adequately respond to any adverse inspectional observations or product safety issues, could result in, among other things, any of the following enforcement actions: • untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties; • unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions; • customer notifications for repair, replacement or refunds; • recall, detention or seizure of our products; • operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production; • refusing or delaying our requests for 510(k) clearance or PMA approval of new products or modified products; • withdrawal of 510(k) clearances on PMA approvals that have already been granted; • refusal to grant export approval for our products; or • criminal prosecution.
The failure by us or one of our suppliers to comply with applicable statutes and regulations administered by the FDA and other regulatory bodies, or the failure to timely and adequately respond to any adverse inspectional observations or product safety issues, could result in, among other things, any of the following enforcement actions: • untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties; • unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions; • customer notifications for repair, replacement or refunds; • recall, detention or seizure of our products; 40 Table of Contents • operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production; • refusing or delaying our requests for 510(k) clearance or PMA approval of new products or modified products; • withdrawal of 510(k) clearances on PMA approvals that have already been granted; • refusal to grant export approval for our products; or • criminal prosecution.
Our Aurora system was commercially launched in June 2017, our Northern Lights system was commercially launched in October 2018 and our Aurora CS was first commercially shipped in June 2021. Sales of the Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems together accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue for the periods presented.
Our Cytek Aurora system was commercially launched in June 2017, our Northern Lights system was commercially launched in October 2018 and our Aurora CS was first commercially shipped in June 2021. Sales of the Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems together accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue for the periods presented.
Future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could also expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies.
Furthermore, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could also expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies.
Assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, prior to March 2013, in the United States, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to the patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent.
Assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, prior to March 16, 2013, in the United States, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to the patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent.
Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: • our ability to achieve and maintain revenue growth; • the cost of expanding our operations, including our sales and marketing efforts; • our rate of progress in launching and commercializing new products, and the cost of the sales and marketing activities associated with, establishing adoption of our products; • our rate of progress in, and cost of research and development activities associated with, products in research and development; • the effect of competing technological and market developments; • the potential cost of and delays in product development as a result of any regulatory oversight applicable to our products; • the costs associated with any product recall that may occur; • costs related to domestic and international expansion; • the costs of attaining, defending and enforcing our intellectual property rights; and • the terms and timing of any other collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish.
Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: • our ability to achieve and maintain revenue growth; • the cost of expanding our operations, including our sales and marketing efforts; • our rate of progress in launching and commercializing new products, and the cost of the sales and marketing activities associated with, establishing adoption of our products; • our rate of progress in, and cost of research and development activities associated with, products in research and development; • the effect of competing technological and market developments; • the potential cost of and delays in product development as a result of any regulatory oversight applicable to our products; • the costs associated with any product recall that may occur; 33 Table of Contents • costs related to domestic and international expansion; • the costs of attaining, defending and enforcing our intellectual property rights; and • the terms and timing of any other collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish.
Some of these provisions include: • a board of directors divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, such that not all members of the board will be elected at one time; • a prohibition on stockholder action through written consent, which requires that all stockholder actions be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; • a requirement that special meetings of stockholders be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, or by a majority of the total number of authorized directors; • advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations for election to our board of directors; • a requirement that no member of our board of directors may be removed from office by our stockholders except for cause and, in addition to any other vote required by law, upon the approval of not less than two-thirds of all outstanding shares of our voting stock then entitled to vote in the election of directors; 54 • a requirement of approval of not less than two-thirds of all outstanding shares of our voting stock to amend any bylaws by stockholder action or to amend specific provisions of our certificate of incorporation; and • the authority of the board of directors to issue redeemable convertible preferred stock on terms determined by the board of directors without stockholder approval and which redeemable convertible preferred stock may include rights superior to the rights of the holders of common stock.
Some of these provisions include: • a board of directors divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, such that not all members of the board will be elected at one time; • a prohibition on stockholder action through written consent, which requires that all stockholder actions be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; • a requirement that special meetings of stockholders be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, the president, or by a majority of the total number of authorized directors; • advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations for election to our board of directors; 58 Table of Contents • a requirement that no member of our board of directors may be removed from office by our stockholders except for cause and, in addition to any other vote required by law, upon the approval of not less than two-thirds of all outstanding shares of our voting stock then entitled to vote in the election of directors; • a requirement of approval of not less than two-thirds of all outstanding shares of our voting stock to amend any bylaws by stockholder action or to amend specific provisions of our certificate of incorporation; and • the authority of the board of directors to issue redeemable convertible preferred stock on terms determined by the board of directors without stockholder approval and which redeemable convertible preferred stock may include rights superior to the rights of the holders of common stock.
We have sourced and will continue to source certain components of the Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems from a limited number of suppliers and, in some cases, sole source suppliers.
We have sourced and will continue to source certain components of the Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems from a limited number of suppliers and, in some cases, sole source suppliers.
As part of our growth strategy, we plan to seek approval to offer our Aurora and Northern Lights systems for clinical use in the United States and in other countries.
As part of our growth strategy, we plan to seek approval to offer our Cytek Aurora and Northern Lights systems for clinical use in the United States and in other countries.
Such recalls and withdrawals may also harm our reputation with customers, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 33 Litigation and other legal proceedings may harm our business.
Such recalls and withdrawals may also harm our reputation with customers, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Litigation and other legal proceedings may harm our business.
FCA liability is potentially significant in the healthcare industry because the statute provides for 42 treble damages and mandatory monetary penalties for each false or fraudulent claim or statement.
FCA liability is potentially significant in the healthcare industry because the statute provides for treble damages and mandatory monetary penalties for each false or fraudulent claim or statement.
The CCPA allows for statutory fines for noncompliance (up to $7,500 per violation) and allows private litigants affected by certain data breaches to recover significant statutory damages.
The CCPA allows for statutory fines for noncompliance (up to $7,500 per intentional violation) and allows private litigants affected by certain data breaches to recover significant statutory damages.
If we become subject to new data privacy and security laws, the risk of enforcement action against us could increase because we may become subject to additional obligations, and the number of individuals or entities that can initiate actions against us may increase (including individuals via a private right of action and state actors), increasing legal risk and compliances costs for us and the third parties upon whom we rely.
If we become subject to new data privacy and security laws, the risk of enforcement action against us could increase because we may become subject to additional obligations, and the number of individuals or entities that can initiate actions against us may increase (including individuals via a private right of action and state actors), increasing legal risk and compliance costs for us and the third parties upon whom we rely.
We are unable to predict what tax reform may be proposed or enacted in the future or what effect such changes would have on our business, but such changes, to the extent they are brought into tax legislation, regulations, policies or practices in jurisdictions in which we operate, could increase the estimated tax liability that we have expensed to date and paid or accrued on our statement of financial position, and otherwise affect our financial position, future results of operations, cash flows in a particular period and overall or effective tax rates in the future in countries where we have operations, reduce post-tax returns to our shareholders and increase the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance. 58 Item 1B.
We are unable to predict what tax reform may be proposed or enacted in the future or what effect such changes would have on our business, but such changes, to the extent they are brought into tax legislation, regulations, policies or practices in jurisdictions in which we operate, could increase the estimated tax liability that we have expensed to date and paid or accrued on our statement of financial position, and otherwise affect our financial position, future results of operations, cash flows in a particular period and overall or effective tax rates in the future in countries where we have operations, reduce post-tax returns to our shareholders and increase the complexity, burden and cost of tax compliance.
In some cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment 47 of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules.
In some cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules.
If we (or a third party upon whom we rely) experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences, such as government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing data (including personal information); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms.
If we (or a third party upon whom we rely) experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences, such as government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing data (including personal information); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; diversion of management's attention; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms.
In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, these factors include: • the degree and rate of market adoption of our products; • variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts or investors; • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and results of operations, including as a result of anticipated or unanticipated demand based on seasonal factors; • changes in our projected operating and financial results; • developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights; • significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation; 52 • negative publicity associated with issues related to our products; • changes in senior management or key personnel; • future sales of our common stock or other securities, by us or our stockholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases; • the trading volume of our common stock; • our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our products; • changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products; • adverse developments concerning any of our third-party distribution partners and suppliers, including our single and sole-source suppliers; • announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions, or new offerings; • our inability to engage additional distribution partners and establish collaborations, if needed; • performance or news releases by other companies in our industry including about adverse developments related to safety, effectiveness, accuracy and usability of their products, reputational concerns, regulatory compliance, and product recalls; • general economic, regulatory and market conditions, including economic recessions or slowdowns, the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing war in Ukraine and the general inflationary environment; and • other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.
In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, these factors include: • the degree and rate of market adoption of our products; • variance in our financial performance from expectations of securities analysts or investors; • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and results of operations, including as a result of anticipated or unanticipated demand based on seasonal factors; • changes in our projected operating and financial results; • actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; • developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights; • significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation; • negative publicity associated with issues related to our products; • changes in senior management or key personnel; 56 Table of Contents • future sales of our common stock or other securities, by us or our stockholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases; • the trading volume of our common stock; • our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our products; • changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products; • adverse developments concerning any of our third-party distribution partners and suppliers, including our single and sole-source suppliers; • announcements by us or our competitors of significant business developments, acquisitions, or new offerings; • our inability to engage additional distribution partners and establish collaborations, if needed; • performance or news releases by other companies in our industry including about adverse developments related to safety, effectiveness, accuracy and usability of their products, reputational concerns, regulatory compliance, and product recalls; • general economic, regulatory and market conditions, including economic recessions or slowdowns, the ongoing war in Ukraine and the general inflationary environment; and • other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Our business may not in all cases meet all of the criteria for statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor protection from anti-kickback liability; • the federal civil False Claims Act, or the FCA, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment of government funds and knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false claim paid or to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government.
Our business may not in all cases meet all of the criteria for statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor protection from anti-kickback liability; • the federal civil False Claims Act, or the FCA, which prohibits, among other things, persons or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment of government 45 Table of Contents funds and knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement to get a false claim paid or to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government.
For example, in February 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Luminex Corporation (“Luminex”) to acquire certain assets related to the flow cytometry and imaging (“FCI”) business unit of Luminex (the “FCI Acquisition”). We may choose to further expand our business by acquiring additional businesses or assets in the future.
For example, in February 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Luminex Corporation (“Luminex”) and acquired certain assets related to the flow cytometry and imaging (“FCI”) business unit of Luminex (the “FCI Acquisition”). We may choose to further expand our business by acquiring additional businesses or assets in the future.
Additionally, our manufacturing operations in Fremont and San Diego, California, and Wuxi, China require global shipping services which are subject to certain factors outside of our control, such as increased costs due to fuel surcharges or otherwise, delays passing through customs and disruptions to global shipping routes.
Additionally, our manufacturing operations in Fremont and San Diego, California; Seattle, Washington; and Wuxi, China require global shipping services which are subject to certain factors outside of our control, such as increased costs due to fuel surcharges or otherwise, delays passing through customs and disruptions to global shipping routes.
The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We manufacture our products at our manufacturing facilities located in Fremont and San Diego, California, and Wuxi, China, and we rely on various suppliers in the United States, China and other countries.
The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We manufacture our products at our manufacturing facilities located in Fremont and San Diego, California; Seattle Washington; and Wuxi, China, and we rely on various suppliers in the United States, China and other countries.
Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We determined that an ownership change occurred on September 7, 2018, October 23, 2020, and in connection with our IPO on July 23, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, we had not experienced an ownership change subsequent to the ownership change on July 23, 2021.
Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We determined that an ownership change occurred on September 7, 2018, October 23, 2020, and in connection with our IPO on July 23, 2021. As of December 31, 2023, we had not experienced an ownership change subsequent to the ownership change on July 23, 2021.
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") governing disclosure of the use of “conflict minerals” (tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold) to determine whether those minerals are necessary to the functionality or production of our products and, if so, conduct a country of origin inquiry with respect to all such minerals.
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) governing disclosure of the use of “conflict minerals” (tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold) to determine whether those minerals are necessary to the functionality or production of our products and, if so, conduct a country of origin inquiry with respect to all such minerals.
We can face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations, which can harm our business. We are subject to anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S.
We are subject to U.S. and certain foreign anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. We can face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations, which can harm our business. We are subject to anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S.
Controls and Procedures" for additional information. A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of its financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Controls and Procedures” for additional information. A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of its financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We are highly dependent on a limited number of product offerings. Our revenue has been primarily generated from sale of our core Aurora and Northern Lights systems, which require a substantial sales cycle and are prone to quarterly fluctuations in revenue.
We are highly dependent on a limited number of product offerings. Our revenue has been primarily generated from sale of our core Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems, which require a substantial sales cycle and are prone to quarterly fluctuations in revenue.
However, we believe that the enhanced capabilities of our FSP platform has the potential to capture an increasingly greater share of the broader cell analysis TAM. Our Northern Lights system has been approved for clinical use in the European Union and China.
However, we believe that the enhanced capabilities of our FSP platform has the potential to capture an increasingly greater share of the broader cell analysis market. Our Northern Lights system has been approved for clinical use in the European Union and China.
Our products may become subject to more onerous regulation by the FDA or other regulatory agencies in the future, which could increase our costs and delay or prevent sales of our products or commercialization of new products and product enhancements. • Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our executive officers, directors, principal stockholders and their respective affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
Our products may become subject to more onerous regulation by the FDA or other regulatory agencies in the future, which could increase our costs and delay or prevent sales of our products or commercialization of new products and product enhancements. 20 Table of Contents • Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our executive officers, directors, principal stockholders and their respective affiliates, may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in: • substantial litigation costs; • distraction of management’s attention from our primary business; • the inability to commercialize our products or new products; • decreased demand for our products; • damage to our business reputation; • product recalls or withdrawals from the market; • loss of sales; or • termination of existing agreements by our partners and potential partners failing to partner with us.
In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in: • substantial litigation costs; 35 Table of Contents • distraction of management’s attention from our primary business; • the inability to commercialize our products or new products; • decreased demand for our products; • damage to our business reputation; • product recalls or withdrawals from the market; • loss of sales; or • termination of existing agreements by our partners and potential partners failing to partner with us.
Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including: • multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as privacy regulations, tax laws, export and import restrictions, tariffs, economic sanctions and embargoes, employment laws, regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses; • failure by us or our distributors to obtain approvals to conduct our business in various countries; • differing intellectual property rights; • complexities and difficulties in obtaining intellectual property protection, enforcing our intellectual property and defending against third party intellectual property claims; • difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; • logistics and regulations associated with shipping systems and parts and components for our products, as well as transportation delays; • travel restrictions that limit the ability of marketing, presales, sales, services and support teams to service customers, including those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic; • financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty collecting accounts receivable, the impact of local and regional financial crises on demand and payment for our products and exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; • international trade disputes that could result in tariffs and other protective measures; • natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism and political unrest such as the ongoing war in Ukraine, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions; and • regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ activities that may fall within the purview of the U.S.
Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including: • multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as privacy regulations, tax laws, export and import restrictions, tariffs, economic sanctions and embargoes, employment laws, regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses; • failure by us or our distributors to obtain approvals to conduct our business in various countries; • differing intellectual property rights; • complexities and difficulties in obtaining intellectual property protection, enforcing our intellectual property and defending against third party intellectual property claims; • difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; • logistics and regulations associated with shipping systems and parts and components for our products, as well as transportation delays; • travel restrictions that limit the ability of marketing, presales, sales, services and support teams to service customers; • financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty collecting accounts receivable, the impact of local and regional financial crises on demand and payment for our products and exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; • international trade disputes that could result in tariffs and other protective measures; • natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism and political unrest such as the ongoing war in Ukraine, the Israel and Palestine conflict, outbreak of disease, boycotts, curtailment of trade and other business restrictions; and • regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ activities that may fall within the purview of the U.S.
We may also rely on vendors to process payment card data, and those vendors may be subject to PCI DSS, and our business may be negatively affected if our vendors are fined or suffer other consequences as a result of PCI DSS noncompliance.
We may also rely on vendors to process payment card data, who may be subject to PCI DSS, and our business may be negatively affected if our vendors are fined or suffer other consequences as a result of PCI DSS noncompliance.
Our obligations related to data privacy and security are quickly changing in an increasingly stringent fashion and creating regulatory uncertainty. These obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or in conflict among jurisdictions.
Our obligations related to data privacy and security (and consumer's data privacy and security expectations) are quickly changing in an increasingly stringent fashion and creating regulatory uncertainty. These obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or in conflict among jurisdictions.
After March 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, enacted in September 2011, the United States transitioned to a first inventor to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third-party was the first to invent the claimed invention.
After March 15, 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, enacted in September 2011, the United States transitioned to a first to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first applicant to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third-party was the first to invent the claimed invention.
Deficiencies related to control activities related to (i) selecting and developing control activities that contribute to the mitigation of risks and support achievement of objectives; (ii) selecting and developing general control activities over technology to support the achievement of objectives; and (iii) deploying control activities through policies that establish what is expected and procedures that put policies into action and relate to substantially all financial statement accounts and disclosures Please see the section entitled “Item 9A.
Deficiencies related to control activities related to (i) selecting and developing control activities that contribute to the mitigation of risks and support achievement of objectives; (ii) selecting and developing general control activities over technology to support the achievement of objectives; and (iii) deploying control activities through policies that establish what is expected and procedures that put policies into action and 32 Table of Contents relate to substantially all financial statement accounts and disclosures Please see the section entitled “Item 9A.
Our consolidated effective income tax rate could be materially adversely affected by several factors, including: changing tax laws, regulations and treaties, or the interpretation thereof; tax policy initiatives and reforms under consideration; the practices of tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits or examinations and any related interest or penalties.
Our consolidated effective income tax rate could be materially adversely affected by several factors, including: changing tax laws, regulations and treaties, or the interpretation thereof; tax policy initiatives and reforms under consideration; the practices of tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we operate; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits or examinations and any related interest 61 Table of Contents or penalties.
As a result of this lengthy and unpredictable sales cycle, we will be prone to quarterly fluctuations in our revenue as sales of the Aurora and Northern Lights systems are expected to continue to comprise a significant component of our revenue.
As a result of this lengthy and unpredictable sales cycle, we will be prone to quarterly fluctuations in our revenue as sales of the Cytek Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems are expected to continue to comprise a significant component of our revenue.
For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”) and the United Kingdom’s General Data Protection Regulation (“UK GDPR”) impose strict requirements for processing the personal information of individuals located, respectively within the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom (“UK”).
For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”) and the United Kingdom’s General Data Protection Regulation (“UK GDPR”), (collectively, “GDPR”) impose strict requirements for processing the personal information of individuals located, respectively within the European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom (“UK”).
Some of these characteristics are more appealing to high quality candidates than what we can offer. Further, if we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or we have breached legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources and, potentially, damages.
Some of these characteristics 31 Table of Contents are more appealing to high quality candidates than what we can offer. Further, if we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or we have breached legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources and, potentially, damages.
In addition, quarantines, shelter-in-place and similar government orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic or other infectious disease outbreaks, or the perception that such orders, shutdowns or other restrictions on the conduct of business operations could occur, could impact the suppliers upon which we rely, or the availability or cost of materials, which could disrupt the supply chain for our products.
In addition, quarantines, shelter-in-place and similar government orders related to infectious disease outbreaks, or the perception that such orders, shutdowns or other restrictions on the conduct of business operations could occur, could impact the suppliers upon which we rely, or the availability or cost of materials, which could disrupt the supply chain for our products.
Our operations (including our manufacturing operations) and the operations of our distribution partners could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured.
Our operations (including our manufacturing operations) and the operations of our distribution partners could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and pandemics, and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured.
As with other flow cytometry companies, our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain, maintain and solidify a proprietary position for our current and any future products, which will depend upon our success in obtaining effective patent protection in the United States and other countries that cover, and other intellectual property with respect to, such products, their manufacturing processes and their intended methods of use and enforcing those patent claims once granted as well as our other intellectual property.
As with other flow cytometry companies, our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain, maintain and solidify a proprietary position for our current and any future products, which will depend upon our success in obtaining effective patent protection and other intellectual property protection in the United States and other countries that cover such products, their manufacturing processes and their intended methods of use and enforcing those patent claims against infringers once granted as well as our other intellectual property rights.
Moreover, in the event that we transition to a new supplier, particularly from any of our single source suppliers, doing so could be time-consuming and expensive, may result in interruptions in our ability to supply our products to the market and could affect the performance of our products, resulting in increased costs and negative customer perception.
Moreover, in the event that we transition to a new supplier, particularly from any of our single source suppliers, doing so could be time-consuming and expensive, may result in interruptions in our ability to 22 Table of Contents supply our products to the market and could affect the performance of our products, resulting in increased costs and negative customer perception.
Third parties may also raise claims challenging the validity or enforceability of our patents before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation, including through re-examination, post-grant review, IPR, derivation proceedings and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (such as opposition proceedings).
Third parties may also raise claims challenging the validity or enforceability of our patents before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation, including through re-examination, post-grant review, IPR, derivation proceedings and equivalent 50 Table of Contents proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (such as opposition proceedings).
As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, on our board committees or as executive officers. We do not know, however, if we will be able to maintain existing insurance with adequate levels of coverage.
As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified people to serve on our board of directors, on our board committees or as executive officers. We do not 38 Table of Contents know, however, if we will be able to maintain existing insurance with adequate levels of coverage.
If the FDA determines that our promotional materials constitute the unlawful promotion of an off-label use, it could subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including civil money penalties, criminal fines and penalties, and exclusion from participation in federal health programs, among others.
If the FDA determines that our promotional materials constitute the unlawful promotion of an off-label use, it could subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, 41 Table of Contents including civil money penalties, criminal fines and penalties, and exclusion from participation in federal health programs, among others.
Approximately 44% and 46% of our revenue came from sales to academic and government-owned institutions and 56% and 54% of our revenue came from sales to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, distributors and CROs in the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our success will depend upon our ability to increase our market penetration.
Approximately 43%, 44% and 46% of our revenue came from sales to academic and government-owned institutions and 57%, 56% and 54%of our revenue came from sales to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, distributors and CROs in the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our success will depend upon our ability to increase our market penetration.
These reductions or delays could also result in a decrease in the aggregate amount of grants awarded for life sciences research or the redirection of existing funding to other projects or priorities, any of which in turn could cause our customers and potential customers to reduce or delay purchases of our solutions.
These reductions or delays could also result in a decrease in the aggregate amount of grants awarded for life sciences research or the redirection of existing funding to other projects or priorities, any of which in turn could 25 Table of Contents cause our customers and potential customers to reduce or delay purchases of our solutions.

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Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Biggest changeWe lease approximately 40,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space at our facility in Wuxi, China, under leases expiring in May and October 2025, respectively, and approximately 14,000 square feet of office and laboratory space at our facility in Shanghai, China, under multiple leases expiring between March 2024 and December 2023.
Biggest changeIn November 2023, we purchased a building in Wuxi, China and relocated our Wuxi operations to the new facility in January 2024. The Wuxi building has approximately 56,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space. In Shanghai, China, we lease approximately 14,000 square feet of office and laboratory space, under multiple leases expiring between October 2024 and November 2026.
We also lease office space in Seattle, Washington; Bethesda, Maryland; San Diego, California; Beijing, China; and Amsterdam, Netherlands. We believe that our existing office, laboratory and manufacturing space, together with additional space and facilities available on commercially reasonable terms, will be sufficient to meet our current and future needs.
We also lease office space in Seattle, Washington; Bethesda, Maryland; San Diego, California; Beijing, China; Tokyo, Japan; and Amsterdam, Netherlands. We believe that our existing office, laboratory and manufacturing space, together with additional space and facilities available on commercially reasonable terms, will be sufficient to meet our current and future needs. Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Item 2. Pro perties. We currently lease approximately 99,000 square feet of office and laboratory space at our headquarter in Fremont, California. The lease is expected to expire in December 2028.
Item 2. Properties. We currently lease approximately 99,000 square feet of office and laboratory space at our headquarter in Fremont, California. The lease expires in February 2029. In Wuxi, China, we lease approximately 9,800 square feet of manufacturing and office space. The lease expires in January 2026.
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We are not currently engaged in any material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 63 Table of Contents PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Biggest change(1) This Section is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of Cytek Biosciences under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.
Biggest changeStock Performance Graph This Section is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of Cytek Biosciences under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing. 65 Table of Contents The following graph compares the cumulative total return on an investment of $100 in cash on July 23, 2021 through December 31, 2023, in our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Components Index and assuming that all dividends were reinvested.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities None Use of Proceeds In July 2021, we issued and sold an aggregate of 13,949,401 shares of common stock in connection with our IPO, including the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase an additional 2,184,695 shares from us, and the selling stockholders sold 2,799,929 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $17.00 per share.
Use of Proceeds In July 2021, we issued and sold an aggregate of 13,949,401 shares of common stock in connection with our IPO, including the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase an additional 2,184,695 shares from us, and the selling stockholders sold 2,799,929 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $17.00 per share.
Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions and capital requirements.
Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions and capital requirements. Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities None.
Item 5. Ma rket for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 23, 2021 and trades under the symbol “CTKB”.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on July 23, 2021 and trades under the symbol “CTKB”. Prior to July 23, 2021, there was no public trading market for our common stock.
The stockholder return shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future performance, and we do not make or endorse any predictions as to future stockholder returns.
The stockholder return shown on the graph below is based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of future performance, and we do not make or endorse any predictions as to future stockholder returns. Item 6. [Reserved] 66 Table of Contents
Prior to July 23, 2021, there was no public trading market for our common stock Holders of Record As of February 13, 2023, there were approximately 24 stockholders of record. Because brokers and other institutions hold many of our shares on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.
Holders of Record As of February 16, 2024, there were approximately 21 stockholders of record. Because brokers and other institutions hold many of our shares on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities None 60 Performance Graph (1) The following graph shows the cumulative total return on an investment of $100 in cash on July 23, 2021 through December 31, 2022, in our common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Components Index and assuming that all dividends were reinvested.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities On May 17, 2023, the Board approved a program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $50 million of our outstanding common stock. The repurchase program expired on December 31, 2023 with a remaining unused balance of $6.0 million.
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Ite m 6. [Reserved] 61 Ite m 7. Management's D iscussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The following table provides information with respect to the repurchase of shares of our common stock from the commencement of the repurchase program until its expiration on December 31, 2023.
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This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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(Except for the share amount and average price per share, dollar value in thousands) 64 Table of Contents Total number of shares repurchased Average price paid for share Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs Maximum dollar that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs May 19 - May 31, 2023 100,623 $ 7.75 100,623 $ 49,220 June 1 - June 30, 2023 25,159 7.89 125,782 49,021 July 1 - July 31, 2023 — — 125,782 49,021 August 1- August 31,2023 295,574 7.66 421,356 46,758 September 1- September 31, 2023 859,655 7.14 1,281,011 40,616 October 1 - October 31, 2023 — — 1,281,011 40,616 November 1 - November 30, 2023 3,964,765 6.19 5,245,776 16,094 December 1 - December 31, 2023 1,368,004 7.39 6,613,780 5,981 Year to Date Total 6,613,780 $ 6.66 6,613,780 $ 5,981 The repurchase program was used to return capital to shareholders and to minimize the dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards.
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Our actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The repurchased shares of common stock were retired. The commissions costs related with the repurchases were $0.1 million for both the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2023. On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), was signed into law.
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Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Cytek Biosciences, Inc. The following is a discussion and year-to-year comparisons of our financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
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Among other things, the IRA imposes a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, levies a 1% excise tax on net stock repurchases after December 31, 2022, and provides tax incentives to promote clean energy. Beginning in 2023, net stock repurchases are subject to the excise tax.
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For a discussion of the results of operations and financial condition for the years ended December 31, 2020 and year-to-year comparisons between 2021 and 2020, please refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" section of fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Part II, Item 7 of Form 10-K, filed on March 17, 2022.
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As of December 31, 2023, we have accrued $0.3 million excise taxes related with our shares repurchases.
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Overview We are a leading cell analysis solutions company advancing the next generation of cell analysis tools by leveraging novel technical approaches. Our goal is to become the premier cell analysis company through continued innovation that facilitates scientific advances in biomedical research and clinical applications.
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We believe our core instruments, the Aurora and Northern Lights systems, are the first full spectrum flow cytometers able to deliver high-resolution, high-content and high-sensitivity cell analysis by utilizing the full spectrum of fluorescence signatures from multiple lasers to distinguish fluorescent tags on single cells (“Full Spectrum Profiling” or “FSP”).
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Our novel approach harnesses the power of information within the entire spectrum of a fluorescent signal to achieve a higher level of multiplexing with exquisite sensitivity. Our patented FSP technology optimizes sensitivity and accuracy through its novel optical and electronic designs that utilize an innovative method of light detection and distribution.
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Our FSP platform includes instruments, reagents, software and services to provide a comprehensive and integrated suite of solutions for our customers.
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Since our first U.S. commercial launch in mid-2017, we have sold and deployed over 1,670 instruments—primarily comprised of our Aurora and Northern Lights systems—to customers around the world, including the largest pharmaceutical companies, over 200 biopharma companies, leading academic research centers, and clinical research organizations (“CROs”).
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In June 2021, we began shipping the Aurora cell sorter (“Aurora CS”), which uses our FSP technology to further broaden our potential applications across cell analysis. We manufacture our instruments in our facilities in Fremont, California and in Wuxi, China. We have designed our operating model to be capital efficient and to scale efficiently as our product volumes grow.
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Our total revenue was $164.0 million and $128.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was primarily due to continued demand across our full portfolio of product offerings and an increase in the average blended selling price due to product mix.
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To date, we have adopted a direct sales model in North America, Europe, China, and several other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and sell our products through third-party distributors in certain countries in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region.
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Revenue from direct sales represented 79% and 86% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and revenue from distributors represented 21% and 14% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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We focus a substantial portion of our resources on developing new products and solutions to meet our customers’ needs. Our research and development efforts focus on developing new and complementary instruments, reagents and reagent kits, and continued operating software development.
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We incurred research and development expenses of $34.9 million and $24.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. We intend to continue to make significant investments in research and development in the future.
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We expect to continue to invest in our commercial infrastructure through hiring additional employees with strong scientific and technical backgrounds to support growth in sales of our Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems, as well as our planned expansion of reagents offerings and panel design capabilities.
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We also plan to continue to invest in sales, marketing and business development across the globe to drive commercialization of our products. We incurred sales and marketing expenses of $33.2 million and $24.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Since our inception in 2014, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of our securities and revenue from the sale of our products and services. Our net income was $2.5 million and $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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The change for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 resulted primarily from expenses driven by an increase in headcount and salaries and efforts in research and development and marketing initiatives. 62 We expect our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we: • attract, hire and retain qualified personnel; • invest in processes, commercial infrastructure and supporting functions to scale our business and introduce new products and services; • support our research and development efforts; • continue to expand geographically; • protect and defend our intellectual property; and • make strategic investments in complementary businesses, services, products or technologies.
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On November 2, 2021, we completed the acquisition of the reagents business of Tonbo Biotechnologies Corporation ("Tonbo") as detailed in Note 9, Acquisition, to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The acquired assets include a portfolio of life science research reagents related to cell preparation, flow cytometry, molecular immunology/polymerase chain reaction and cell culture covering application areas across immunology, apoptosis and immunoprofiling.
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Key factors affecting our results of operations and future performance We believe that our financial performance has been, and in the foreseeable future will continue to be, primarily driven by multiple factors as described below, each of which presents growth opportunities for our business.
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These factors also pose important challenges that we must successfully address to sustain our growth and improve our results of operations. Our ability to successfully address these challenges is subject to various risk and uncertainties, including those described under the heading “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Global customer adoption Our financial performance has largely been driven by our ability to increase the adoption of our FSP platform, a key factor on which our future success depends. We plan to drive global customer adoption through business development efforts, direct sales and marketing and third-party distributions.
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We are investing in our direct sales organization and commercial support functions and developing third-party distributor relationships to support global expansion and drive revenue growth. As part of this effort, we increased our direct sales force by 60% in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.
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We intend to continue increasing our workforce in line with our growth. Recurring revenues We believe our expanding installed base of instruments to new and existing customers will provide us with greater leverage to drive pull-through for reagent and service revenue, which are recurring by nature.
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Furthermore, as we develop and identify new applications and products, we expect to further increase pull-through across our installed base. We expect recurring revenue on an absolute basis to increase and become an increasingly important contributor to our revenue as our installed base expands.
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Revenue mix and gross margin Our revenue is primarily derived from sales of our instruments and services with our instruments recognizing higher gross margins than our services.
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Although we expect sales of our instruments to continue to represent the largest percentage of our revenue in the future, we expect reagent sales to increase as a percentage of our total revenue and our gross margins to experience a corresponding improvement as we grow our installed base and increase our focus on commercializing reagents.
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We also expect a higher gross margin on our instruments as we increase manufacturing efficiency, instrument reliability and training for personnel using our instruments, which we expect to lead to a reduction in warranty claims.
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Our sales in certain regions, particularly outside of the United States, are realized through third-party distribution partners that typically receive discounted prices, thus resulting in lower gross margins than those recognized by our direct sales organization.
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Furthermore, our gross margins and instrument selling prices may fluctuate in the future as we continue to grow our volume of third-party distribution partners in geographies outside of the United States, introduce new products and reduce our production costs as a result of variability in the timing of new product introductions.
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In the near term, we expect the continued optimization of our manufacturing processes related to our instruments and the expansion of product manufacturing distribution facilities to have the greatest impact on our gross margin.
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In addition to the impact of competing products entering the market, the future gross margin profiles of our instruments, services and reagents will depend on the outcome of any royalties we are required to pay and the royalty rates and products to which such royalties apply.
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Expansion into new markets We focus our research and development efforts on the greatest value-additive FSP products to meet the growing and unmet needs of the research and clinical markets. We work closely with researchers and clinicians to optimize and implement new panels and applications to meet their specific needs.
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We also gain valuable insight on potential new products, new applications and enhancements to existing products, as well as biomarker combinations that would be beneficial in different fields, through collaborations with our 63 customers, academic laboratories, KOLs and industry partners. We plan to continue to invest in new product development and enhancements to support our expansion into new markets.
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Our Northern Lights system obtained clinical certification in China in 2019 and received CE Marking under the European Union In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Directive in September 2020. With these achievements, our Northern Lights system is available for clinical diagnostic use in hospitals, laboratories, and clinics in China and the European Union.
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Key business metrics We regularly review the following key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and make strategic decisions.
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We believe that the following metrics are representative of our current business; however, we anticipate these will change or may be substituted for additional or different metrics as our business grows.
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Year ended December 31, 2022 2021 Dollar Change (In thousands) Sales channel mix Direct sales channel $ 129,098 $ 110,520 $ 18,578 Distributor channel 34,938 17,430 17,508 Total revenue, net $ 164,036 $ 127,950 $ 36,086 Customer mix Academia and government $ 73,706 $ 59,415 $ 14,291 Biotechnology, pharmaceutical, distributor and CRO 90,330 68,535 21,795 Total revenue, net $ 164,036 $ 127,950 $ 36,086 Distributors typically sell to end customers identified in other customer categories.
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The table below sets forth our cumulative instruments shipped as of the dates presented: December 31 September 30 June 30, March 31, 2022 2022 2022 2022 Instruments shipped 1,670 1,501 1,359 1,226 Known Trends, Events and Uncertainties The recent trends towards rising inflation may adversely affect our business and corresponding financial position and cash flows.
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Inflationary factors, such as increases in the cost of materials and supplies, interest rates and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results.
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The general consensus among economists suggests that we should expect a higher recession risk to continue over the next year, which could result in further economic uncertainty and volatility in the capital markets in the near term, and could negatively affect our operations.
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Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, we may experience increases in the near future (especially if inflation rates continue to rise) on our operating costs, including our labor costs and research and development costs, due to supply chain constraints, consequences associated with COVID-19 and the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
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Components of our results of operations Total revenue, net We currently generate our total revenue, net from product revenue and service revenue. Product . Our product revenue primarily consists of sales of our instruments, including the Aurora, Northern Lights and Aurora CS systems, instrument accessories, such as loaders, and consumables, such as reagents.
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We offer multiple versions of our Aurora and Northern Lights systems with different price points based on the number of lasers integrated in the systems. We also derive revenue from sales of our conventional flow cytometry system, which is available for sale in China. We recognize product revenue when control of the instrument is transferred to the customer. Service .
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Our service revenue primarily consists of post-warranty service contracts, installations and repairs which are recognized over time. Post-warranty service contracts are recognized ratably over the term of the contract and installations and repair services are recognized as they are delivered to the customer.
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We expect our revenue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our sales organization and sales territories, broaden our customer base, and expand awareness of our products with new and existing customers.
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Our revenue was $164.0 million and $128.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 64 Total cost of sales, gross profit and gross margin Our total cost of sales is comprised of product cost of sales and service cost of sales. Product.
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Cost of sales associated with our products primarily consist of manufacturing-related costs incurred in the production process, inventory write-downs, warranty costs, third party royalty costs, personnel and related costs, costs of component materials, overhead, packaging and delivery and depreciation expense. Service .
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Cost of sales associated with our services primarily consists of personnel and related costs, expenses related to product replacements, product updates and qualification validation of our products and depreciation expense.
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We expect our total cost of sales to increase in absolute dollars in future periods, corresponding to our anticipated growth in revenue and employee headcount to support our manufacturing, operations, field service team and support organizations. Gross profit is calculated as revenue less total cost of sales. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenue.
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Our gross profit in future periods will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions that may impact our pricing, sales mix changes among our instruments and service agreements, product mix changes between established products and new products, excess and obsolete inventories, our cost structure for manufacturing operations relative to volume and product warranty obligations.
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Operating expenses Our operating expenses are primarily comprised of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and related overhead. Research and development .
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Our research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation costs for employees in our research and development department, independent contractor costs, laboratory supplies, equipment maintenance and materials expenses. We plan to continue to invest in our research and development efforts, including hiring additional employees to enhance existing products and develop new products.
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We expect research and development expense will increase in absolute dollars in future periods and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue due to our continuing investment in product development. Sales and marketing .
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Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation costs for employees in our sales and marketing department, sales commissions, marketing material costs, travel expenses and costs related to trade shows, trainings and various workshops.
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We expect our sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our commercial sales, marketing, and business development teams, increase our presence globally and increase marketing activities to drive awareness and adoption of our platform.
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While these expenses may vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue, we expect these expenses to increase as a percentage of sales in the short-term as we continue to grow our commercial organization to support anticipated growth of the business. General and administrative .
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Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation costs for employees in our executive, accounting and finance, legal and human resource functions, as well as professional services fees, such as consulting, audit, tax, legal, general corporate costs and allocated overhead expenses. We expect our operating expenses to increase as a public company.
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In particular, we expect our accounting, legal, personnel-related expenses and directors’ and officers’ insurance costs reported within general and administrative expense to increase as we establish more comprehensive compliance and governance functions, maintain IT costs, review internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and prepare and distribute periodic reports as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC.
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As a result, our historical results of operations may not be indicative of our results of operations in future periods. We expect these expenses to vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue. Other income (expense), net Interest expense. Interest expense consists primarily of accretion of the present value of the litigation settlement liability.
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See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details regarding the settlement. Interest income. Our interest income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents which are invested in cash deposits and in money market funds. Other expense, net.
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Our other expense, net consists primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses. Income taxes Our provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists primarily of provision for federal taxes and local taxes in the United States as well as foreign taxes.
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As we plan to expand the scale and scope of our international business activities, any changes in the United States and foreign taxation of such activities may increase our overall provision for income taxes in the future. 65 Results of operations Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations and comprehensive income data for the periods presented: Year ended December 31, (In thousands) 2022 2021 Revenue, net: Product $ 148,600 $ 119,519 Service 15,436 8,431 Total revenue, net 164,036 127,950 Cost of sales: Product 49,955 37,377 Service 13,107 11,429 Total cost of sales 63,062 48,806 Gross profit 100,974 79,144 Operating expenses: Research and development 34,858 24,442 Sales and marketing 33,230 24,710 General and administrative 34,690 20,835 Total operating expenses 102,778 69,987 Income (loss) from operations (1,804 ) 9,157 Other income (expense): Interest expense (2,573 ) (1,741 ) Interest income 4,619 49 Other expense, net 1,018 (1,527 ) Income before income taxes 1,260 5,938 Provision for (benefit from) income taxes (1,224 ) 2,911 Net income $ 2,484 $ 3,027 Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax (1,611 ) 832 Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities 17 - Net comprehensive income $ 890 $ 3,859 Total revenue, net Year ended December 31, Change (In thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 Amount % Revenue, net Product $ 148,600 $ 119,519 $ 29,081 24 % Service 15,436 8,431 7,005 83 % Total revenue, net $ 164,036 $ 127,950 $ 36,086 28 % Total revenue, net increased by $36.1 million, or 28%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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Biggest changeOur market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. 73 Interest rate risk The market risk inherent in our financial instruments and in our financial condition represents the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates or exchange rates.
Biggest changeInterest rate risk The market risk inherent in our financial instruments and in our financial condition represents the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates or exchange rates. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $167.6 million, which consisted primarily of money market funds and bank deposits.
Please see the section entitled “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Non-GAAP Financial Measure” for a presentation of revenue on a constant currency basis, which provides information regarding our operating performance excluding the effects of foreign currency volatility. 74
Please see the section entitled “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Non-GAAP Financial Measure” for a presentation of revenue on a constant currency basis, which provides information regarding our operating performance excluding the effects of foreign currency volatility. 81 Table of Contents
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $296.6 million, which consisted primarily of money market funds and bank deposits. The primary objective of our investment is to preserve principal and provide liquidity. These money market funds and bank deposits generate interest income at variable rates.
The primary objective of our investment is to preserve principal and provide liquidity. These money market funds and bank deposits generate interest income at variable rates.

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