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GXO Logistics, Inc.

GXO Logistics, Inc.GXOEarnings & Financial Report

NYSE · logistics

GXO Logistics, Inc. is an American global contract logistics company that manages outsourced supply chains and warehousing, and reverse logistics for blue-chip customers in over thirty countries. GXO's corporate headquarters are located in Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S. Its customers include Apple, Nike Inc., Boeing Co., Verizon, Whirlpool, Inditex SA, and Nestle SA.

What changed in GXO Logistics, Inc.'s 10-K — 2023 vs 2024

Top changes in GXO Logistics, Inc.'s 2024 10-K

169 paragraphs added · 162 removed · 127 edited across 7 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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Technology enables us to add value to our customers’ end-to-end 1 operations in terms of cost, efficiency, accuracy and environmental impact. Investments in cutting-edge technology are a major growth driver for our business. Our highly scalable warehouse management platform is built on the cloud to speed the deployment of new ways to increase efficiency and leverage our footprint.
Technology enables us to add value to our customers’ end-to-end operations in terms of cost, efficiency, accuracy and environmental impact. Investments in cutting-edge technology are a major growth driver for our business. Our highly scalable warehouse management platform is built on the cloud to speed the deployment of new ways to increase efficiency and leverage our footprint.
We believe our ability to process and act upon data is a key competitive advantage and differentiator. 2 Customers and Markets We provide our customers with high-value-added warehousing and distribution, order fulfillment, e-commerce, reverse logistics and other supply chain services.
We believe our ability to process and act upon data is a key competitive advantage and differentiator. Customers and Markets We provide our customers with high-value-added warehousing and distribution, order fulfillment, e-commerce, reverse logistics and other supply chain services.
In 2021, we established environmental 3 targets to track and prioritize our reduction of Scopes 1 and 2 GHG emissions and increase waste diversion rates globally. Part of our environmental strategy focuses on improving the energy efficiency of our buildings.
In 2021, we established environmental targets to track and prioritize our reduction of Scopes 1 and 2 GHG emissions and increase waste diversion rates globally. Part of our environmental strategy focuses on improving the energy efficiency of our buildings.
We compete based on our ability to deliver quality service, reliability, scope and scale of operations, technological capabilities, expertise and pricing. Our competitors include local, regional, national and international companies that offer services similar to those we provide. Our competitors include CEVA, DHL, DSV, GEODIS, ID Logistics, Kuehne + Nagel and Ryder.
We compete based on our ability to deliver quality service, reliability, scope and scale of operations, technological capabilities, expertise and pricing. Our competitors include local, regional, national and international companies that offer services similar to those we provide. Our competitors include CEVA Logistics, DHL Group, DSV, GEODIS, ID Logistics Group, Kuehne + Nagel and Ryder Systems.
Karlis Kirsis has served as Chief Legal Officer since the Separation in August 2021, after serving as Senior Vice President, European Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary for XPO, a role he had held since February 2020. Mr.
Karlis Kirsis has served as Chief Legal Officer since August 2021, after serving as Senior Vice President, European Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary for XPO, a role he had held since February 2020. Mr.
Our strategy is to help our customers manage their warehouse needs for optimal efficiency, using our network of people, technology and other physical assets. We deliver value to customers in the form of technological innovations, process efficiencies, cost efficiencies and reliable outcomes.
Our Strategy We design and operate the most advanced warehouse solutions in the world. Our strategy is to help our customers manage their warehouse needs for optimal efficiency, using our network of people, technology and other physical assets. We deliver value to customers in the form of technological innovations, process efficiencies, cost efficiencies and reliable outcomes.
Item 1. Business. Company Overview GXO Logistics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“GXO,” the “Company,” “our” or “we”), is the largest pure-play contract logistics provider in the world and a foremost innovator in an industry propelled by strong secular tailwinds.
Item 1. Business. Company Overview GXO Logistics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“GXO,” the “Company,” “our” or “we”), is the largest pure-play contract logistics provider in the world and a foremost innovator in the industry.
As of December 31, 2023, our 131,000 team members operated in 974 facilities worldwide totaling 199 million square feet of space, primarily on behalf of large corporations that have outsourced their warehousing, distribution and other related activities to us. Our revenue is diversified among over one thousand customers, including many multinational corporations, across numerous verticals.
As of December 31, 2024, our approximately 152,000 team members operated in 1,030 facilities worldwide totaling approximately 218 million square feet of space, primarily on behalf of large corporations that have outsourced their warehousing, distribution and other related activities to us. Our revenue is diversified among over one thousand customers, including many multinational corporations, across numerous verticals.
In 2023, our top five customers combined accounted for approximately 17% of our total revenue, and no customer represented more than 4%. Our revenue is highly diversified due to our expertise across multiple verticals, reflecting our customers’ principal industry sectors.
In 2024, our top five customers combined accounted for no more than 20% of our total revenue, and no customer represented more than 6%. Our revenue is highly diversified due to our expertise across multiple verticals, reflecting our customers’ principal industry sectors.
In 2023, 42% of our revenue was from Omnichannel retail, 15% from Technology and consumer electronics, 14% from Food and beverage, 11% from Industrial and manufacturing, 11% from Consumer packaged goods, and 7% from other industries, with the vast majority of our revenue generated in the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands, France, Spain and Italy.
In 2024, 46% of our revenue was from Omnichannel retail, 13% from Technology and consumer electronics, 11% from Industrial and manufacturing, 11% from Food and beverage, 11% from Consumer packaged goods, and 8% from other industries, with the vast majority of our revenue generated in the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands, France, Spain and Italy.
Reports filed with the SEC can be viewed at http://www.sec.gov and on our corporate website at www.gxo.com. Materials are available online as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically submit them to the SEC.
Available Information We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Reports filed with the SEC can be viewed at http://www.sec.gov and on our corporate website at www.gxo.com. Materials are available online as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically submit them to the SEC.
He joined XPO in 2015 through XPO’s acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle, where he led the logistics division and served on the executive board. Baris Oran has served as Chief Financial Officer since the Separation in August 2021. Mr.
He joined XPO in 2015 through XPO’s acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle, where he led the logistics division and served on the executive board. In December 2024, Mr. Wilson announced his retirement as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and director of the Company in 2025. Baris Oran has served as Chief Financial Officer since August 2021. Mr.
Information About Our Executive Officers The following information relates to our current executive officers: Name Age Position Malcolm Wilson 65 Chief Executive Officer Baris Oran 50 Chief Financial Officer Karlis Kirsis 44 Chief Legal Officer Elizabeth Fogarty 54 Chief Communications Officer Richard Cawston 50 Chief Revenue Officer Malcolm Wilson has served as Chief Executive Officer since the Separation in August 2021, after serving as Chief Executive Officer of XPO Logistics Europe since September 2017.
Information About Our Executive Officers The following information relates to our current executive officers: Name Age Position Malcolm Wilson 66 Chief Executive Officer Baris Oran 51 Chief Financial Officer Karlis Kirsis 45 Chief Legal Officer Elizabeth Fogarty 55 Chief Communications Officer Richard Cawston 51 Chief Revenue Officer Corinna Refsgaard 57 Chief Human Resources Officer Malcolm Wilson has served as Chief Executive Officer and a director since August 2021, after serving as Chief Executive Officer of XPO Logistics Europe since September 2017.
As an industry leader that invests substantially in technology, we have access to an immense amount of data, as well as the analytical processing capabilities to capitalize on that data by incorporating our learnings into customer solutions.
We have developed analytics that predict surges in demand using a combination of historical data and customer forecasting. 2 As an industry leader that invests in technology, we have access to an immense amount of data, as well as the analytical processing capabilities to capitalize on that data by incorporating our learnings into customer solutions.
Our environmental sustainability strategy is designed to be applicable globally while also compliant with local environmental regulations. Throughout our business, GXO has identified GHG emissions and waste associated with operations as our greatest opportunities to reduce our environmental impact.
We collaborate with customers to create action plans that reduce emissions related to their supply chains through technology-enabled solutions. 3 Our environmental sustainability strategy is designed to be applicable globally while also compliant with local environmental regulations. Throughout our business, GXO has identified GHG emissions and waste associated with operations as our greatest opportunities to reduce our environmental impact.
For many of our customers, the logistics component of their supply chain accounts for a sizeable portion of their greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and waste footprint. We collaborate with customers to create action plans that reduce emissions related to their supply chains through technology-enabled solutions.
For many of our customers, the logistics component of their supply chain accounts for a sizeable portion of their greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and waste footprint.
For example, up to 30% of consumer goods bought online are returned, and this creates increased volumes at certain times of the year. We have developed analytics that predict surges in demand using a combination of historical data and customer forecasting.
For example, up to 30% of consumer goods bought online are returned, and this creates increased volumes at certain times of the year.
Fogarty was employed by Citi as the Managing Director and Head of Global Consumer Banking Public Affairs from October 2013 to September 2021 and before that as the Director of Corporate Communications and Vice President of Global Public Affairs.
Fogarty was employed by Citi as the Managing Director and Head of Global Consumer Banking Public Affairs from October 2013 to September 2021 and before that as the Director of Corporate Communications and Vice President of Global Public Affairs. 5 Richard Cawston has served as Chief Revenue Officer and President of Europe since December 2023, after serving as President of Europe for GXO since August 2021 and President of XPO Logistics Europe – Supply Chain since September 2017.
The industry needs scaled technology players, like GXO, to deliver these complex solutions. Technology is a core competitive advantage for GXO and fundamental to how we win and retain business. GXO was an early adopter of technology, and more than 30% of our warehouses are technology-enabled compared to the industry average of approximately 10%.
Traditional warehousing solutions are no longer sufficient to fill these needs. The industry needs scaled technology players, like GXO, to deliver these complex solutions. Technology is a core competitive advantage for GXO and fundamental to how we win and retain business.
We integrate best practices to drive productivity, with a focus on automation and other levers of profitable growth. To aid in executing our strategy, we have instilled a culture that focuses on delivering mutually beneficial results for our customers and our company with the highest legal and ethical standards and clear policies and practices to support compliance throughout our organization.
To aid in executing our strategy, we have instilled a culture that focuses on delivering mutually beneficial results for our customers and our company with the highest legal and ethical standards and clear policies and practices to support compliance throughout our organization. 1 Technology and Intellectual Property Contract logistics is becoming more and more complex, as changing consumer expectations and preferences continue to drive a need for faster delivery times, higher levels of returned inventory and better visibility throughout the supply chain.
Our customer base includes many blue-chip leaders in sectors that demonstrate high growth and/or durable demand, with significant growth potential through customer outsourcing of logistics services. GXO became a standalone publicly traded company on August 2, 2021, when GXO completed its separation (the “Separation”) from XPO, Inc.
Our customer base includes many blue-chip leaders in sectors that demonstrate high growth and/or durable demand, with significant growth potential through customer outsourcing of logistics services. GXO’s common stock, par value of $0.01 per share, began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “GXO” on August 2, 2021.
Human Capital Our success relies in large part on our robust governance structure and Code of Business Ethics, our corporate citizenship and engaged employees who embrace our values. As a customer-centric company with a strong service culture, we constantly work to maintain and improve our position as an employer of choice.
We have a global initiative to replace our warehouse lighting with LED and are developing our strategy to increase the amount of renewable electricity used in our buildings. Human Capital Our success relies in large part on our robust governance structure and Code of Business Ethics, our corporate citizenship and engaged employees who embrace our values.
Our workforce is located: 47% in the United Kingdom, 25% in Europe (excluding the United Kingdom), 25% in North America and 3% in Latin America and Asia combined. The majority of our employees in Europe and the United Kingdom were covered by collective bargaining agreements, while none of our employees in North America were covered by collective bargaining agreements.
The majority of our employees in Europe and the United Kingdom were covered by collective bargaining agreements, while none of our employees in North America were covered by collective bargaining agreements. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 32% of our global workforce were women, and 68% of our full-time workforce in the U.S. were ethnic minorities.
He joined XPO in 2015 through XPO’s acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle, where he was Managing Director of the logistics division in the United Kingdom and Ireland. 5 Available Information We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
He joined XPO in 2015 through XPO’s acquisition of Norbert Dentressangle, where he was Managing Director of the logistics division in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Corinna Refsgaard has served as Chief Human Resource Officer since April 2024. Prior to her time with GXO, Ms.
This requires an unwavering commitment to workplace inclusion and safety as well as competitive total compensation that meets the needs of our employees and their families. Employee Profile As of December 31, 2023, we operated in 27 countries with approximately 131,000 team members (comprising approximately 87,000 full-time and part-time employees and 44,000 temporary workers engaged through third-party agencies).
Employee Profile As of December 31, 2024, we operated in 27 countries with approximately 152,000 team members (comprising approximately 105,000 full-time and part-time employees and 47,000 temporary workers engaged through third-party agencies). Our workforce is located: 50% in the United Kingdom, 28% in Europe (excluding the United Kingdom), 20% in North America and 2% in Latin America and Asia combined.
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(“XPO”) and began regular-way trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “GXO.” GXO was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in February 2021. Our Strategy We design and operate the most advanced warehouse solutions in the world.
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GXO was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in February 2021. On April 29, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Wincanton plc (“Wincanton”), a logistics company based in Chippenham, United Kingdom (the “Wincanton Acquisition”). Wincanton is a logistics provider specializing in warehousing and transportation solutions in the U.K. and Ireland.
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Technology and Intellectual Property Contract logistics is becoming more and more complex, as changing consumer expectations and preferences continue to drive a need for faster delivery times, higher levels of returned inventory and better visibility throughout the supply chain. Traditional warehousing solutions are no longer sufficient to fill these needs.
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Wincanton services industries in grocery, retail and manufacturing, consumer goods, e-commerce, healthcare, defense, industrial, and energy. The Wincanton Acquisition is subject to a review by the Competition and Markets Authority (the “CMA”) in the U.K.
Removed
We have a global initiative to replace our warehouse lighting with LED and are developing our strategy to increase the amount of renewable electricity used in our buildings. In 2023, we began an exercise to quantify our full carbon footprint, including our Scope 3 emissions. We anticipate the results of this exercise in the first half of 2024.
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On November 14, 2024, the CMA referred the completed acquisition by GXO Logistics, Inc. of Wincanton plc for an in-depth investigation (“Phase 2”) with a statutory deadline of April 30, 2025. See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note — 4 Acquisitions” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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As of December 31, 2023, approximately 36% of our global workforce were women, and 66% of our workforce in the U.S. were ethnic minorities.
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We integrate best practices to drive productivity, with a focus on automation and other levers of profitable growth.
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Richard Cawston has served as Chief Revenue Officer and President of Europe since December 2023, after serving as President of Europe for GXO since August 2021 and President of XPO Logistics Europe – Supply Chain since September 2017.
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As a customer-centric company with a strong service culture, we constantly work to maintain and improve our position as an employer of choice. This requires an unwavering commitment to workplace inclusion and safety as well as competitive total compensation that meets the needs of our employees and their families.
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Refsgaard served as Group Chief People and Culture Officer at ISS, one of the world’s leading workplace experience and facility management companies, from November 2018 to March 2024. Over the course of three decades, she has held global, regional and business unit HR roles at firms, including Kontron, Fujitsu Technology Solutions, EADS and Mercedes-Benz.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that unless the board of directors otherwise determines, the state courts within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of GXO, any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a 15 fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer of GXO to GXO or to GXO stockholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against GXO or any current or former director or officer of GXO arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, any action asserting a claim relating to or involving GXO governed by the internal affairs doctrine or any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that unless the board of directors otherwise determines, the state courts within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of GXO, any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer of GXO to GXO or to GXO stockholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against GXO or any current or former director or officer of GXO arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, any action asserting a claim relating to or involving GXO governed by the internal affairs doctrine or any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL.
Many of our long-term customer contracts are fixed-price arrangements that limit our ability to pass on to our customers increases in labor costs due to low unemployment, increases in government unemployment benefits, competitive pressures, union activity or changes in federal or state minimum wage or overtime laws and any such increases in labor costs could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Many of our long-term customer contracts are fixed-price arrangements that limit our ability to pass on to our customers increases in labor costs due to low unemployment, increases in government unemployment benefits, competitive pressures, union activity or changes in federal or state minimum 6 wage or overtime laws and any such increases in labor costs could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Although we manage our business to exceed prescribed performance levels, our inability to meet these service levels, whether due to labor shortages, volume peaks, our inability to procure temporary labor, 8 technological malfunctions or other events that may or may not be within our control, may expose us to penalties or incremental costs or lead to the termination of customer contracts, any of which could negatively affect our business and financial condition.
Although we manage our business to exceed prescribed performance levels, our inability to meet these service levels, whether due to labor shortages, volume peaks, our inability to procure temporary labor, technological malfunctions or other events that may or may not be within our control, may expose us to penalties or incremental costs or lead to the termination of customer contracts, any of which could negatively affect our business and financial condition.
We may experience difficulties and higher than expected expenses in executing this strategy as a result of unfamiliarity with new markets, changes in revenue and business models, entry into new geographic areas or increased pressure on our existing infrastructure and information technology systems. 7 Our growth will place a significant strain on our management, operational, financial and information technology resources.
We may experience difficulties and higher than expected expenses in executing this strategy as a result of unfamiliarity with new markets, changes in revenue and business models, entry into new geographic areas or increased pressure on our existing infrastructure and information technology systems. Our growth will place a significant strain on our management, operational, financial and information technology resources.
We also rely on third parties and virtualized infrastructure to operate our information technology systems. Despite significant testing for risk management, external and internal risks, such as malware, insecure coding, “Acts of God,” data leakage and human error pose a direct threat to the stability or effectiveness of our information technology systems and operations.
We also rely on third parties and virtualized infrastructure to operate our information technology systems. Despite significant testing for risk management, external and internal risks, such as malware, insecure coding, “Acts of God,” data leakage and human error pose a 10 direct threat to the stability or effectiveness of our information technology systems and operations.
These provisions are not intended to make GXO immune from takeovers; however, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in the best interests of GXO and our stockholders.
These provisions are not intended to make GXO immune from takeovers; however, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders 15 and could delay or prevent an acquisition that our board of directors determines is not in the best interests of GXO and our stockholders.
These regulatory agencies have authority and oversight of domestic and international activities. Our subsidiaries must also comply with applicable regulations and requirements of various agencies. 12 The regulatory landscape in which we operate is constantly evolving and subject to significant change, including as a result of evolving political and social pressures.
These regulatory agencies have authority and oversight of domestic and international activities. Our subsidiaries must also comply with applicable regulations and requirements of various agencies. The regulatory landscape in which we operate is constantly evolving and subject to significant change, including as a result of evolving political and social pressures.
Any of our owned or licensed intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated; our trade secrets and other confidential information could be disclosed in an unauthorized manner to third parties; or we may fail to secure the rights to intellectual property developed by 10 our employees, contractors and others.
Any of our owned or licensed intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated; our trade secrets and other confidential information could be disclosed in an unauthorized manner to third parties; or we may fail to secure the rights to intellectual property developed by our employees, contractors and others.
We have incurred debt obligations that could adversely affect our business and profitability and our ability to meet other obligations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, could materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
We have incurred debt obligations that could adversely affect our business and profitability and our ability to meet other obligations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, could materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of 11 operations.
If our information technology systems are unable to manage high volumes with reliability, accuracy and speed as we grow, or if such systems are not suited to manage the various services we offer, our service levels and operating 9 efficiency could decline.
If our information technology systems are unable to manage high volumes with reliability, accuracy and speed as we grow, or if such systems are not suited to manage the various services we offer, our service levels and operating efficiency could decline.
Alternatively, if a court were to find this exclusive forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings described above, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Item 1B.
Alternatively, if a court were to find this exclusive forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings described above, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to Environmental, Social and Governance Compliance with environmental laws and regulations could result in significant costs that adversely affect our consolidated results of operations.
Risks Related to Environmental, Social and Governance Compliance with ESG laws and regulations could result in significant costs that adversely affect our consolidated results of operations.
Any of these factors could lead to a significant increase in the expense of this plan and a deterioration in the solvency of the plan, which could significantly increase our contribution requirements. As a result, we are unable to predict the effect on our financial statements associated with our defined benefit pension plan.
Any of these factors could lead to a significant increase in the expense of the plans and a deterioration in the solvency of the plans, which could significantly increase our contribution requirements. As a result, we are unable to predict the effect on our financial statements associated with our defined benefit pension plan.
We are subject to risks associated with a defined benefit plan for our current and former employees, which could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and financial position. We maintain a defined benefit pension plan in the U.K.
We are subject to risks associated with defined benefit plans for our current and former employees, which could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and financial position. We maintain defined benefit pension plans in the U.K.
A decline in interest rates or lower returns on funded plan assets may cause increases in the expense and funding requirements for this plan.
A decline in interest rates or lower returns on funded plan assets may cause increases in the expense and funding requirements for the plans.
Despite past amendments that froze our defined benefit pension plan to new participants and curtailed benefits, this pension plan remains subject to volatility associated with interest rates, inflation, returns on plan assets, other actuarial assumptions and statutory funding requirements.
Despite past amendments that froze our defined benefit pension plan to new participants and curtailed benefits, the pension plans remain subject to volatility associated with interest rates, inflation, returns on plan assets, other actuarial assumptions and statutory funding requirements.
The ramifications of any period of heightened geopolitical tensions or conflicts, including increased international trade sanctions, may negatively impact regional and global economic markets, including where we operate, may cause supply chain disruptions and may increase costs for labor, transportation and energy.
The ramifications of any period of heightened geopolitical tensions or conflicts, including increased international trade sanctions or tariffs, may negatively impact regional and global economic markets, including where we operate, may cause supply chain disruptions, may reduce consumer demand and may cause inflation with increased costs for labor, transportation and energy.
In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting actions, as well as other macro-economic headwinds such as inflation and supply change disruptions increased the potential for labor shortages and heightened levels of employee turnover. Therefore, our inability to recruit a qualified temporary workforce may result in our inability to meet our customers’ performance targets.
In addition, macro-economic headwinds such as inflation and supply change disruptions may increase the potential for labor shortages and heightened levels of employee turnover. Therefore, our inability to recruit a qualified temporary workforce may result in our inability to meet our customers’ performance targets.
To the extent that a customer defaults on its obligations under its agreement with us, we could be forced to take a significant loss on the unrecovered portion of the upfront capital costs.
These costs are often billed to the customer over the expected length of the customer relationship. To the extent that a customer defaults on its obligations under its agreement with us, we could be forced to take a significant loss on the unrecovered portion of the upfront capital costs.
Successful unionization of our employees or organizing efforts could lead to business interruptions, work stoppages and the reduction of service levels due to work rules and could have an adverse effect on our customer relationships and our revenues, earnings and financial position. 11 Any failure to properly manage our temporary workers could have a material adverse impact on our revenues, earnings and financial position.
Successful unionization of our employees or organizing efforts could lead to business interruptions, work stoppages and the reduction of service levels due to work rules and could have an adverse effect on our customer relationships and our revenues, earnings and financial position.
Our employees have stock-based awards that correspond to shares of our common stock after the Separation as a result of the conversion of their XPO stock-based awards. In addition, the compensation committee of our board of directors has granted and is likely to continue to grant additional stock-based awards to our employees under our employee benefits plans.
Our employees have stock-based awards that correspond to shares of our common stock and the compensation committee of our board of directors has granted and is likely to continue to grant additional stock-based awards to our employees under our employee benefits plans.
Specifically, we may be exposed to the risk that temporary workers may not perform their assignments in a satisfactory manner or may not comply with our safety rules in an appropriate manner, whether as a result of their lack of experience or otherwise. If such risks materialize, they could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Specifically, we may be exposed to the risk that temporary workers may not perform their assignments in a satisfactory manner or may not comply with our safety rules in an appropriate manner, whether as a result of their lack of experience or otherwise.
Any changes to employment-related laws and regulations, including increased minimum wages or the expansion of union organization rights, could result in increased labor costs that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. 6 Labor represents a significant portion of our operating expenses, thus, compliance with these evolving laws and regulations could substantially increase our cost of doing business, while failure to do so could subject us to significant fines and lawsuits and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Labor represents a significant portion of our operating expenses, thus, compliance with these evolving laws and regulations could substantially increase our cost of doing business, while failure to do so could subject us to significant fines and lawsuits and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Although we typically partner with our new customers to ensure that onboarding is smooth, our inability to integrate new customers or operational sites into our technology systems or recruit additional employees to manage new customer relationships or the incurrence of higher than anticipated costs to onboard new customers may negatively affect our financial condition or operations.
Although we typically partner with our new customers to ensure that onboarding is smooth, our inability to integrate new customers or operational sites into our technology systems or recruit additional employees to manage new customer relationships or the incurrence of higher than anticipated costs to onboard new customers may negatively affect our financial condition or operations. 8 In addition, our operations can require a significant commitment of capital in the form of shelving, racking and other warehousing systems that may be necessary to implement warehouse solutions for our customers.
We have experienced challenges of this nature relating to the infrastructure and systems of certain companies that we have acquired. Also, we may not realize all of the synergies we anticipate from past and potential future acquisitions. Among the synergies that we currently expect to realize are cross-selling opportunities to our existing customers, as well as network and operational efficiencies.
We have experienced challenges of this nature relating to the infrastructure and systems of certain companies that we have acquired. Also, we may not realize all of the synergies we anticipate from past and potential future acquisitions.
We are subject to claims and litigation related to our customer contracts and relationships, labor and employment, personal injury, vehicular accidents, cargo and other property damage, business practices, environmental liability and other matters, including claims asserted under various other theories of agency or employer liability.
We are subject to claims and litigation related to our customer contracts and relationships, labor and employment, personal injury, vehicular accidents, cargo and other property damage, business practices, environmental liability and other matters, including claims asserted under various other theories of agency or employer liability, such as the investigation by Italian authorities into the deductibility of value-added tax payments by the Company to certain third-party cooperative labor providers.
If our customers experience plant slowdowns or closures because they are unable to negotiate labor contracts, our revenue and profitability could be negatively impacted. In particular, we derive a substantial portion of our revenue from the operation and management of facilities that are often located close to a customer’s manufacturing plant and are integrated into the customer’s production line process.
In particular, we derive a substantial portion of our revenue from the operation and management of facilities that are often located close to a customer’s manufacturing plant and are integrated into the customer’s production line process.
For example, certain jurisdictions including the State of California enacted legislation requiring certain companies to disclose GHG emissions and climate-related financial risk information. We could incur significant costs, including clean-up costs, fines and sanctions and claims by third parties for property damage and personal injury, as a result of violations of or liabilities under these laws and regulations.
We could incur significant costs, including clean-up costs, fines and sanctions and claims by third parties for property damage and personal injury, as a result of violations of or liabilities under these laws and regulations.
If higher costs are incurred by us as a result of future changes in regulations, this could adversely affect our results of operations to the extent we are unable to obtain a corresponding increase in price from our customers.
If higher costs are incurred by us as a result of future changes in regulations, this could adversely affect our results of operations to the extent we are unable to obtain a corresponding increase in price from our customers. 13 Proposed or pending legislative or regulatory changes, or future legislative or regulatory changes, at the federal, state or local level may decrease demand for our services, increase our costs, including our labor costs, and negatively affect our business and our results of operations.
Our business uses a large number of temporary workers in our operations. We cannot guarantee that temporary workers are as well-trained as our other employees.
Any failure to properly manage our temporary workers could have a material adverse impact on our revenues, earnings and financial position. Our business uses a large number of temporary workers in our operations. We cannot guarantee that temporary workers are as well-trained as our other employees.
Risks Related to Litigation and Regulations We may be involved in lawsuits and are subject to various claims that could result in significant expenditures and impact our operations. The nature of our business exposes us to the potential for various types of claims and litigation.
If such risks materialize, they could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. 12 Risks Related to Litigation and Regulations We may be involved in lawsuits and are subject to various claims that could result in significant expenditures and impact our operations.
Variances from these or other assumptions or expectations could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We may not successfully manage our growth.
Among the synergies that we currently expect to realize are cross-selling opportunities to our existing 7 customers, as well as network and operational efficiencies. Variances from these or other assumptions or expectations could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We may not successfully manage our growth.
We may not have sufficient liquidity to repay or refinance our indebtedness if such indebtedness were accelerated upon an event of default. We may also incur additional indebtedness in the future. Risks Related to Third-Party Relationships Our business may be materially adversely affected by labor disputes or organizing efforts. Labor disputes involving our customers could affect our operations.
We may not have sufficient liquidity to repay or refinance our indebtedness if such indebtedness were accelerated upon an event of default. We may also incur additional indebtedness in the future. Our borrowing costs and access to capital and credit markets may be adversely affected by a downgrade or potential downgrade of our credit ratings.
In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required to 13 comply with environmental laws and regulations, including requirements that may be adopted or imposed in the future. Our ability to achieve our ESG goals is subject to risks, many of which are outside our control, and our reputation could be harmed if we fail to meet such goals.
In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required to comply with environmental laws and regulations, including requirements that may be adopted or imposed in the future.
If the nature, scope and complexity of ESG reporting, diligence and disclosure requirements expand, we may have to undertake additional costs to control, assess and report on ESG metrics. Any failure or perceived failure to satisfy various ESG reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could increase the risk of litigation.
Managing bespoke customer requests related to ESG regulation may also increase our expenses. As the nature, scope and complexity of ESG reporting, diligence and disclosure requirements 14 expand, we may have to undertake additional costs to control, assess and report on ESG metrics.
If we are unable to meet our ESG goals or evolving stakeholder expectations and industry standards, our reputation could be negatively impacted. If, as a result of their assessment of our ESG practices, certain investors are unsatisfied with our actions or progress, they may reconsider their investment in our Company.
If, as a result of their assessment of our ESG practices, certain investors are unsatisfied with our actions or progress, they may reconsider their investment in our Company. Risks Related to Our Common Stock Any stockholder’s percentage of ownership in GXO may be diluted in the future at any given time.
Under the TMA, we are required to indemnify XPO for the resulting tax, and this indemnity obligation might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our stockholders may consider favorable. GXO’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains an exclusive forum provision that may discourage lawsuits against GXO and GXO’s directors and officers.
These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors. GXO’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains an exclusive forum provision that may discourage lawsuits against GXO and GXO’s directors and officers.
Removed
In addition, our operations can require a significant commitment of capital in the form of shelving, racking and other warehousing systems that may be necessary to implement warehouse solutions for our customers. These costs are often billed to the customer over the expected length of the customer relationship.
Added
Any changes to employment-related laws and regulations, including increased minimum wages or the expansion of union organization rights, could result in increased labor costs that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Removed
Proposed or pending legislative or regulatory changes, or future legislative or regulatory changes, at the federal, state or local level may decrease demand for our services, increase our costs, including our labor costs, and negatively affect our business and our results of operations.
Added
The Competition and Markets Authority in the United Kingdom (the “CMA”) has referred the Wincanton Acquisition for an in-depth Phase 2 investigation. On February 29, 2024, the Company and the board of directors of Wincanton plc (“Wincanton”) reached an agreement on the terms of a cash offer by the Company for Wincanton.
Removed
Risks Related to the Separation If the Separation, together with certain related transactions, does not qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we could be subject to significant tax liabilities and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify XPO for material amounts of taxes and other related amounts pursuant to indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement by and between XPO and GXO (the “TMA”).
Added
On April 10, 2024, the Wincanton shareholders approved the Wincanton Acquisition and, on April 29, 2024, the Company completed the Wincanton 9 Acquisition. The Wincanton Acquisition was notified to the CMA which initiated its formal review of the transaction on September 9, 2024.
Removed
In connection with the Separation, XPO received an opinion from outside counsel regarding the qualification of certain elements of the Separation under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). The opinion of counsel was based upon and relies on, among other things, various facts and assumptions, as well as certain representations, statements and undertakings of XPO.
Added
Since completion of the transaction, Wincanton has been held separate from the Company pursuant to the terms of a customary initial enforcement order imposed by the CMA while it carries out its review.
Removed
Notwithstanding the receipt of the opinion of counsel, the U.S.
Added
On November 1, 2024, the CMA announced that it intends to refer the Wincanton Acquisition for an in-depth Phase 2 investigation with a statutory deadline of April 30, 2025. The Company is reviewing the decision and will continue to engage constructively and collaboratively with the CMA.
Removed
Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) could determine that the Separation and/or certain related transactions should be treated as taxable transactions for U.S. federal income tax purposes if it determines that any of the representations, assumptions or undertakings upon which the opinion of counsel was based are false or have been violated.
Added
As a result, the possible timing and likelihood of the CMA’s investigation is uncertain, and the CMA may require, in connection with granting its approval of the transaction, divestitures or ongoing restrictions on the operation of the combined business, each of which could have a material impact on the anticipated strategic benefits and synergies from the combination.
Removed
If the Separation, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code, XPO would recognize taxable gain as if it had sold the GXO common stock in a taxable sale for its fair market value, and XPO stockholders who receive such GXO shares in the distribution would be subject to tax as if they had received a taxable distribution equal to the fair market value of such shares.
Added
Any delay in the receipt of regulatory approval from the CMA for the Wincanton Acquisition will result in greater transaction costs and professional fees.
Removed
In addition, as part of and before the Separation, XPO and its subsidiaries completed an internal reorganization, and XPO, GXO and their respective subsidiaries incurred certain tax costs in connection with the internal reorganization, including non-U.S. tax costs resulting from transactions in non-U.S. jurisdictions, which may be material.
Added
The success of the Wincanton Acquisition will depend, in significant part, on our ability to successfully integrate Wincanton and its subsidiaries, grow the revenue of the combined company and realize the anticipated strategic benefits and synergies from the combination.
Removed
With respect to certain transactions undertaken as part of the internal reorganization, XPO obtained opinions of external tax advisors regarding the tax treatment of such transactions.
Added
If we are not able to achieve these objectives and realize the anticipated benefits and synergies expected from the Wincanton Acquisition within a reasonable time, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
Removed
If any of these representations or statements is, or becomes, inaccurate or incomplete, or if XPO, GXO or their respective subsidiaries do not fulfill or otherwise comply with any such undertakings or covenants, such opinions may be invalid or the conclusions reached therein could be jeopardized.
Added
Rating agencies routinely evaluate us, and their ratings of our long-term and short-term debt are based upon a number of factors, including our cash generating capability, levels of indebtedness, policies with respect to shareholder distributions and financial strength generally, as well as factors beyond our control, such as the then-current state of the economy and our industry generally.
Removed
Further, notwithstanding receipt of any such tax opinions, there can be no assurance that the relevant taxing authorities will not assert that the tax treatment of the relevant transactions differs from the conclusions reached in the relevant tax opinions.
Added
Our objective is to maintain credit ratings that provide us with ready access to global capital and credit markets.
Removed
In the event the relevant taxing authorities prevail with any challenge in respect of any relevant transaction, XPO, GXO and their subsidiaries could be subject to significant tax liabilities. 14 Risks Related to Our Common Stock Any stockholder’s percentage of ownership in GXO may be diluted in the future at any given time.
Added
Any downgrade or announcement that we are under review for a potential downgrade of our current credit ratings by a credit rating agency, especially any downgrade to below investment grade, could increase our future borrowing costs, impair our ability to access capital and credit markets on terms commercially acceptable to us or at all, and result in a reduction in our liquidity, all of which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Removed
These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors. In addition, in certain circumstances an acquisition or further issuance of our stock may trigger the application of Section 355(e) of the Code, causing the Separation to be taxable to XPO.
Added
Risks Related to Third-Party Relationships Our business may be materially adversely affected by labor disputes or organizing efforts. Labor disputes involving our customers could affect our operations. If our customers experience plant slowdowns or closures because they are unable to negotiate labor contracts, our revenue and profitability could be negatively impacted.
Added
The nature of our business exposes us to the potential for various types of claims and litigation.
Added
Additionally, various jurisdictions, such as the State of California, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, have enacted legislation requiring certain companies disclose climate-related financial risk as well as GHG emissions, and other non-financial information. The requirements differ across regulations, increasing the cost of compliance.
Added
We may incur additional expenses both in the management of disclosure as well as potential changes in company operations to comply with the regulations. Certain jurisdictions have enacted legislation requiring certain companies to look in their supply chain and more actively manage risk and disclose non-financial metrics such as GHG emissions and health and safety.
Added
Any failure or perceived failure to satisfy various ESG reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could increase the risk of litigation. Our ability to achieve our ESG goals is subject to risks, many of which are outside our control, and our reputation could be harmed if we fail to meet such goals.
Added
Additionally, as we focus on growth the cost to meet our ESG goals, specifically decarbonization, may increase. If we are unable to meet our ESG goals or evolving stakeholder expectations and industry standards, our reputation could be negatively impacted.
Added
We cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be fully implemented or that it will enhance long-term shareholder value. In February 2025, our board of directors authorized the repurchase by the Company of up to $500 million of our common stock.
Added
The share repurchase plan permits repurchases of our common stock to be made from time to time in management’s discretion, through a variety of methods, including a 10b5-1 trading plan, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise.
Added
The timing and number of shares of common stock repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, alternative investment opportunities and funding considerations. As a result, there can be no guarantee regarding the timing or volume of our share repurchases.
Added
The share repurchase program could affect the price of our common stock, increase volatility and diminish our cash reserves. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and, even if fully implemented, may not enhance long-term shareholder value. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity — threats and controls disclosure

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We utilize comprehensive and widespread information sources and services (including third-party threat intelligence) to understand the threat landscape faced by the Company and design our protective controls accordingly using a defense-in-depth approach. The layers of these defenses are aligned to the NIST framework; Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond and Recover.
We utilize comprehensive and widespread information sources and services (including third-party threat intelligence) to understand the threat landscape faced by the Company and design our protective controls accordingly using a defense-in-depth approach. The layers of these defenses are aligned to the NIST framework; Govern, Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond and Recover.
We have an Enterprise Risk Management Committee, comprising senior leaders from key functions, and a Cybersecurity Risk Committee which utilize the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) framework to ensure that these risks are clearly and effectively categorized and treated.
We have an Enterprise Risk Management Committee, comprising senior leaders from key functions, and a Cybersecurity Risk 16 Committee which utilize the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) framework to ensure that these risks are clearly and effectively categorized and treated.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity. We believe that cybersecurity is fundamental to how we operate and as such we focus on defining and managing our cybersecurity risk.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity. We believe that cybersecurity is fundamental to how we operate and as such we place significant focus on defining and managing our cybersecurity risk.
“Risk Factors” for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.
“Risk Factors” for a discussion of cybersecurity risks. 17
The CISO has over a decade of experience leading cybersecurity functions and over two decades in cybersecurity. The CISO leads a global team of highly trained experts covering all major cybersecurity functions including Technical Engineering and Architecture, Governance Risk and Compliance, Security Operations and Incident Response, Threat and Vulnerability Management and Security Awareness.
The CISO leads a global team of highly trained experts covering all major cybersecurity functions including Technical Engineering and Architecture, Governance Risk and Compliance, Security Operations and Incident Response, Threat and Vulnerability Management and Security Awareness.
In addition, our Board receives regular cybersecurity reports, which include a review of key performance and risk indicators, test results and related remediation and recent threats and how the Company is managing those threats.
Our Audit Committee and our Board of Directors actively participate in discussions with management and among themselves regarding cybersecurity risks. In addition, our Board receives regular cybersecurity reports, which include a review of key performance and risk indicators, test results and related remediation and recent threats and how the Company is managing those threats.
A full suite of cybersecurity policies exists and is applicable to all employees globally. These policies are reviewed annually and approved by relevant senior leaders. All Company employees are required to complete cybersecurity training annually, with quarterly “refreshers” throughout the year. 16 We invest in our cybersecurity defenses and have implemented multiple layers of protection against all known critical threats.
A full suite of cybersecurity policies exists and is applicable to all employees globally. These policies are reviewed annually and approved by relevant senior leaders. All Company employees are required to complete cybersecurity training annually, with quarterly “refreshers” throughout the year.
A range of dashboards has been designed for use by the cybersecurity management team to monitor the day-to-day performance of the cybersecurity defenses and immediately remediate any sign of concern. All third-party vendors utilized by GXO undergo a cybersecurity assessment at the time of engagement.
We have a robust and up-to-date Cyber Incident Response Plan (“CIRP”) that is performed as a table-top exercise at least annually. A range of dashboards has been designed for use by the cybersecurity management team to monitor the day-to-day performance of the cybersecurity defenses and immediately remediate any sign of concern.
This assessment scrutinizes the third party’s cybersecurity maturity to ascertain the level of risk the third party may present to the systems and data of GXO and its customers. Our Audit Committee and our Board of Directors actively participate in discussions with management and among themselves regarding cybersecurity risks.
All third-party vendors utilized by GXO undergo a cybersecurity assessment at the time of engagement. This assessment scrutinizes the third party’s cybersecurity maturity to ascertain the level of risk the third party may present to the systems and data of GXO and its customers. Additionally, these vendors’ security maturity is constantly monitored via a third-party service.
The Enterprise Risk Management Committee and Cybersecurity Risk Management Committee meet regularly to consider any change to risk levels and ensure that the Company’s cybersecurity controls remain commensurate to those risk levels. The Company’s Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) is responsible for developing and implementing our cybersecurity program and reporting on related matters to our Board of Directors.
The Enterprise Risk Management Committee and Cybersecurity Risk Management Committee meet regularly to consider any change to risk levels and ensure that the Company’s cybersecurity controls remain commensurate to those risk levels. These controls and their performance are constantly evaluated and evolved to ensure that the Company remains well protected against any new threats.
Removed
We have our own “red team” that is always searching our own environment for signs of vulnerability and have a well-defined Cyber Incident Response Plan (“CIRP”) that is performed as a table-top exercise at least annually.
Added
The Company’s Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) is responsible for developing and implementing our cybersecurity program and reporting on related matters to our Board of Directors. The CISO has over two decades of cyber security experience in a variety of industries including banking, aerospace, manufacturing and defense. A decade of this experience has been in senior leadership roles.
Added
An advanced phishing simulation program exists at the Company and all employees are tested at least monthly on their ability to identify phishing emails. We invest in our cybersecurity defenses and have implemented multiple layers of protection against all known critical threats.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Item 2. Properties. As of December 31, 2023, we operated in 974 facilities, including corporate offices, of which 359 facilities are owned or leased by our customers. We lease our global headquarters in Greenwich, Connecticut and our executive office in London, England. We believe that our facilities are sufficient for our current needs.
Item 2. Properties. As of December 31, 2024, we operated in 1,030 facilities, including our corporate and administrative offices, of which 420 facilities are owned or leased by our customers. We lease our global headquarters in Greenwich, Connecticut and our executive office in London, England. In the aggregate, we occupied approximately 218 million square feet in our locations.
(2) Excludes the United Kingdom. (3) Locations are primarily in Asia and Latin America.
(2) Locations are in Asia, Latin America and Canada.
Removed
In the aggregate, we occupied 199 million square feet in our locations.
Added
Facilities Square Footage Locations Leased Facilities Owned Facilities Customer Facilities (1) Total Leased Facilities Owned Facilities Customer Facilities (1) Total (in millions) United States 176 — 120 296 49 — 35 84 United Kingdom 209 4 186 399 21 1 36 58 Europe 184 — 97 281 41 — 30 71 Other (2) 37 — 17 54 4 — 1 5 Total 606 4 420 1,030 115 1 102 218 (1) Locations owned or leased by our customers.
Removed
Facilities Square Footage Locations Leased Facilities Owned Facilities Customer Facilities (1) Total Leased Facilities Owned Facilities Customer Facilities (1) Total (in millions) United States 199 — 112 311 48 — 30 78 United Kingdom 172 2 129 303 18 1 23 42 Europe (2) 192 — 100 292 42 — 31 73 Other (3) 50 — 18 68 5 — 1 6 Total 613 2 359 974 113 1 85 199 (1) Locations owned or leased by our customers.

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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The following graph sets forth the cumulative total stockholder return to GXO’s stockholders for the period beginning August 2, 2021, through December 31, 2023, as well as the corresponding returns on the S&P 400 MidCap Index, the S&P 500 Technology Index and the S&P 500 Transportation Index.
The following graph sets forth the cumulative total stockholder return to GXO’s stockholders for the period beginning August 2, 2021, through December 31, 2024, as well as the corresponding returns on the S&P 400 MidCap Index, the S&P 500 Technology Index and the S&P 500 Transportation Index.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market Information and Dividends Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “GXO.” On February 12, 2024, there were approximately 83 record holders of our common stock.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market Information and Dividends Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “GXO.” On February 13, 2025, there were approximately 74 record holders of our common stock.
The stock performance assumes $100 was invested on August 2, 2021, in our common stock, the S&P 400 MidCap Index, the S&P 500 Technology Index and the S&P 500 Transportation Index, including reinvestment of dividends through December 31, 2023. 8/2/21 12/31/21 6/30/22 12/31/22 6/30/23 12/31/23 GXO $ 100.00 $ 144.01 $ 68.61 $ 67.69 $ 99.60 $ 96.97 S&P 400 MidCap Index 100.00 105.57 84.28 90.28 97.41 103.33 S&P 500 Technology Index 100.00 113.85 82.83 80.94 114.99 126.59 S&P 500 Transportation Index 100.00 110.27 89.94 88.61 97.43 97.57 19 Item 6. [Reserved]
The stock performance assumes $100 was invested on August 2, 2021, in our common stock, the S&P 400 MidCap Index, the S&P 500 Technology Index and the S&P 500 Transportation Index, including reinvestment of dividends through December 31, 2024. 8/2/21 12/31/21 12/31/22 12/31/23 12/31/24 GXO $ 100.00 $ 144.01 $ 67.69 $ 96.97 $ 68.97 S&P 400 MidCap Index 100.00 105.57 90.28 103.33 115.93 S&P 500 Technology Index 100.00 113.85 80.94 126.59 171.76 S&P 500 Transportation Index 100.00 110.27 88.61 97.57 96.16 19 Item 6. [Reserved]
Stock Performance Graph GXO became a standalone publicly traded company on August 2, 2021, and our common stock began regular-way trading.
Stock Performance Graph GXO became a standalone publicly traded company on August 2, 2021.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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During 2023, we used $274 million of cash for capital expenditures, $149 million in connection with the PFS Acquisition and $3 million in settlement of cross-currency swap agreements, excluding accrued interest, partially offset by $18 million of proceeds from the sales of property and equipment.
During 2023, we used $274 million of cash for capital expenditures, used $149 million in connection with the PFS Acquisition and $3 million in settlement of cross-currency swap agreements, excluding accrued interest, partially offset by $18 million of proceeds from the sales of property and equipment.
Discussions of 2021 financial condition and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 are not included in this Annual Report and can be found in Part II, Item 7, “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Discussions of 2022 financial condition and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022 are not included in this Annual Report and can be found in Part II, Item 7, “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Also, the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022.
Also, the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations generally discusses 2024 and 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023.
During the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. See Note 4. “Acquisitions” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
During the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. For additional information see Note 4.
The expected return on plan assets assumption is derived using the current and expected asset allocation of the pension plan assets and considering historical as well as expected returns on various classes of plan assets. An increase or decrease of 50 basis points in the expected long-term rate of return of the U.K.
The expected return on plan assets assumption is derived using the current and expected asset allocation of the pension plan assets and considering historical as well as expected returns on various classes of plan assets. An increase or decrease of 50 basis points in the expected return on plan assets for the U.K.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash flows from operations, the revolving credit facility and the use of our factoring programs will provide sufficient liquidity to operate our business and fund our current and assumed obligations for at least the next 12 months.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, our cash flows from operations, the borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facilities, and the use of our factoring programs will provide sufficient liquidity to operate our business and fund our current and assumed obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Employee Benefit Plans We sponsor various retirement plans, the most significant of which is in the U.K. (the “U.K. Retirement Plan”). Assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate and expected return on plan assets. Assumptions are determined based on company data and appropriate market indicators and are evaluated each year at December 31.
Employee Benefit Plans We sponsor various retirement plans, with the most significant plans held in the U.K. (the “U.K. Retirement Plans”). Assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate and expected return on plan assets. Assumptions are determined based on company data and appropriate market indicators and are evaluated each year at December 31.
A 50-basis-point decrease in the discount rate of the U.K. Retirement Plan would result in an estimated increase in the accumulated benefit obligation of approximately $44 million.
A 50-basis-point decrease in the discount rate of the U.K. Retirement Plans would result in an estimated increase in the accumulated benefit obligation of approximately $91 million.
Retirement Plan would have decreased or increased 2023 net periodic pension cost by approximately $4 million. See Note 14. “Employee Benefit Plans” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. New Accounting Standards Information related to new accounting standards is included in Note 2. “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 26
Retirement Plans would have decreased or increased our net periodic pension cost by approximately $9 million in 2025. For additional information see Note 15. “Employee Benefit Plans” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. New Accounting Standards Information related to new accounting standards is included in Note 2. “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 26
Evaluation of Goodwill We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the reporting unit expected to benefit from the business combination.
“Acquisitions” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 25 Evaluation of Goodwill We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the reporting unit expected to benefit from the business combination.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financial arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 24 Contractual Obligations We lease certain facilities and equipment under operating and finance lease arrangements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements We do not engage in any off-balance sheet financial arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
As of December 31, 2023, our outstanding obligations under operating and finance leases were $2.4 billion and $116 million, respectively. See Note 8. “Leases” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Contractual Obligations As of December 31, 2024, our outstanding obligations under operating and finance leases were $2.5 billion and $276 million, respectively. For additional information see Note 9. “Leases” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview Our ability to fund our operations and anticipated capital needs is reliant upon the generation of cash from operations, supplemented as necessary by periodic utilization of our revolving credit facility and factoring programs.
The decrease in our effective income tax rate was driven by income tax benefits from the release of valuation allowances in 2024. Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview Our ability to fund our operations and anticipated capital needs is reliant upon the generation of cash from operations, supplemented as necessary by periodic utilization of our revolving credit facility and factoring programs.
Accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date with respect to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is allocated to goodwill. Accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date with respect to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
Financing Activities Financing activities used $186 million of cash in 2023 and generated $787 million in 2022. The primary use of cash from financing activities in 2023 was $169 million in repayment of debt and finance leases and $12 million in payments for employee taxes on net settlement of equity awards.
The primary use of cash from financing activities in 2023 was 24 $140 million in repayment of debt, $29 million to repay finance lease obligations and $12 million in payments for employee taxes on net settlement of equity awards.
Cash Flow Activity Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, were summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Net cash provided by operating activities $ 558 $ 542 $ 16 3 % Net cash used in investing activities (410) (1,149) 739 (64) % Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (186) 787 (973) n/m Effect of exchange rates 13 (18) 31 n/m Net (decrease) increase in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents $ (25) $ 162 $ (187) n/m n/m - not meaningful Operating Activities Cash flows provided by operating activities for 2023 increased by $16 million compared with 2022.
Cash Flow Activity Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, were summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, (In millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Net cash provided by operating activities $ 549 $ 558 $ (9) (2) % Net cash used in investing activities (1,157) (410) (747) n/m Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 636 (186) 822 n/m Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents (13) 13 (26) n/m Net increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents $ 15 $ (25) $ 40 n/m n/m - not meaningful Operating Activities Cash flows provided by operating activities for 2024 decreased by $9 million compared to 2023.
These costs are primarily related to severance, including projects to optimize human resources, finance and information technology activities, and are not associated with customer attrition. Restructuring costs and other were $32 million for 2023 and 2022.
We engage in restructuring actions as part of our ongoing efforts to best use our resources and infrastructure. These costs are primarily related to severance, including projects to optimize human resources, finance and information technology activities, and are not associated with customer attrition. Restructuring costs and other were $27 million for 2024, compared with $32 million for 2023.
The decrease was driven by a higher interest expense associated with our debt, partially offset by lower transaction and integration costs. Income from continuing operations before income taxes for our foreign operations was $169 million for 2023 compared with $159 million in 2022.
The decrease from income to a loss in 2024 was primarily driven by higher transaction and integration costs, litigation expense and 22 interest expense for debt incurred for the Wincanton Acquisition. Income before income taxes for our foreign operations was $234 million for 2024 compared with $169 million in 2023.
“Debt and Financing Arrangements” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. In addition, we have obligations for agreements to purchase goods or services entered into in the ordinary course of business that are enforceable and legally binding and gross unrecognized tax benefits. Critical Accounting Policies We prepare our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.
In addition, we have obligations for agreements to purchase goods or services entered into in the ordinary course of business that are enforceable and legally binding. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates We prepare our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP. We make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, gains and losses.
We have identified the following accounting policies to be the most critical as they are important to our financial condition and results of operations and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application. Business Combinations We record tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting.
Material changes in these assumptions, estimates and/or judgments have the potential to materially alter our results of operations. We have identified the following accounting policies to be the most critical as they are important to our financial condition and results of operations and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application.
We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is allocated to goodwill.
Business Combinations We record tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting. We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.
If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative assessment is performed. A quantitative goodwill impairment test, when performed, includes estimating the fair value of a reporting unit using the income and/or market approach.
A quantitative goodwill impairment test, when performed, includes estimating the fair value of a reporting unit using the income and/or market approach.
The primary source of cash from financing activities in 2022 was $917 million in proceeds from long-term debt, net, partially offset by $115 million in repayment of debt and finance leases and $16 million in payments for employee taxes on net settlement of equity awards.
The primary source of cash from financing activities in 2024 was the issuance of long-term debt of $1.1 billion, partially offset by cash used to repay $408 million of debt, $45 million to repay finance lease obligations and $8 million in payments for employee taxes on net settlement of equity awards.
Depreciation and amortization expense included amortization of intangible assets of $71 million and $68 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to the Clipper Acquisition. Transaction and integration costs were $34 million in 2023, compared with $61 million for 2022.
Depreciation and amortization expense included amortization of intangible assets acquired of $108 million and $71 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively. 21 Transaction and integration costs were $76 million in 2024, compared with $34 million for 2023.
Restructuring costs and other in 2023 also included impairment charges of $11 million, primarily related to closing certain corporate and administrative offices, and $5 million associated with the exit of a non-core businesses in Asia.
Restructuring costs and other in 2024 related to a restructuring plan designed to centralize certain finance, human resource and IT functions. Restructuring costs and other for 2023 included $16 million related to severance, $11 million for impairment charges, and $5 million associated with the exit of a non-core businesses in Asia.
The increase was primarily driven by growth in the business and lower transaction and integration costs, partially offset by lower pension income. Income tax expense was $33 million in 2023, compared with $64 million in 2022. Our effective tax rate was 12.4% in 2023 and 24.2% in 2022.
The increase in 2024 was primarily driven by growth in the business and other income, net. Income tax expense was $8 million in 2024, compared with $33 million in 2023. Our effective tax rate was 5.6% in 2024 and 12.4% in 2023.
Transaction and integration costs in 2023 included $20 million related to the integration of Clipper and $12 million related to the PFS Acquisition, reflecting costs associated with advisory fees and severance costs.
Transaction and integration costs in 2024 primarily included $61 million related to the Wincanton Acquisition and $8 million related to the integration of PFS. Transaction and integration costs in 2023 primarily included $20 million related to the integration of Clipper Logistics plc and $12 million related to the PFS Acquisition.
During 2022, we used $876 million of cash in connection with the Clipper Acquisition, $342 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $40 million of proceeds from the sales of property and equipment and $21 million in settlement of cross-currency swap agreements, excluding accrued interest.
During 2024, we used $863 million, net of cash received, to fund the Wincanton Acquisition, used $359 million of cash to purchase property and equipment, partially offset by $61 million of proceeds from the sales of property and equipment and $4 million in net proceeds from the settlement of cross-currency swap agreements, excluding accrued interest.
Interest expense, net was as follows: Year Ended December 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Debt and capital leases $ 96 $ 59 $ 37 63 % Cross-currency swaps (33) (25) (8) 32 % Interest income (10) (5) (5) 100 % Interest expense, net $ 53 $ 29 $ 24 83 % Income before income taxes for 2023 increased by $2 million, to $266 million, compared with $264 million for 2022.
Interest expense, net was as follows: Year Ended December 31, (In millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Debt and capital leases $ 148 $ 96 $ 52 54 % Cross-currency swaps (39) (33) (6) 18 % Interest income (6) (10) 4 (40) % Interest expense, net $ 103 $ 53 $ 50 94 % Income before income taxes for 2024 decreased by $120 million, to $146 million, compared with $266 million for 2023.
The increase was due to $33 million higher net income and $40 million non-cash adjustments, offset by $57 million of working capital used in 2023. Investing Activities Investing activities used $410 million of cash in 2023 compared with $1.1 billion in 2022.
This decline was driven by decreased net income after adjustments for non-cash items, offset by benefits from working capital activity compared to the prior year. Investing Activities Investing activities used $1.2 billion of cash in 2024 compared with $410 million in 2023.
Other income, net was as follows: Year Ended December 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Net periodic pension income $ 8 $ 33 $ (25) (76) % Foreign currency gain (loss): Realized foreign currency option and forward contracts gain (loss) (13) 29 (42) n/m Unrealized foreign currency option and forward contracts gain (loss) 4 (11) 15 n/m Foreign currency transaction and remeasurement loss — (3) 3 (100) % Total foreign currency gain (loss) (9) 15 (24) n/m Other 2 3 (1) (33) % Other income, net $ 1 $ 51 $ (50) (98) % n/m - not meaningful Interest expense, net increased due to the debt from the Clipper Acquisition being outstanding for the full year in 2023 compared with seven months of the prior year and higher variable interest rates on our debt, partially offset by the accretion on cross-currency swaps and interest income in the current period.
Other income, net was as follows: Year Ended December 31, (In millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Net periodic pension income $ 21 $ 8 $ 13 n/m Foreign currency gain (loss): Realized foreign currency option and forward contracts loss (5) (13) 8 (62) % Unrealized foreign currency option and forward contracts gain 11 4 7 n/m Foreign currency transaction and remeasurement loss (3) — (3) n/m Total foreign currency gain (loss) 3 (9) 12 n/m Other 7 2 5 n/m Other income, net $ 31 $ 1 $ 30 n/m n/m - not meaningful Interest expense, net increased due to the debt incurred for the Wincanton Acquisition.
The increase was primarily due to growth in our business and lower transaction and integration costs, offset by 22 higher interest expense and lower other income. Income from continuing operations before income taxes for our domestic operations was $97 million for 2023, compared with $105 million in 2022.
The decrease was mainly driven by higher transaction and integration costs, litigation expense, and interest expense, partially offset by higher other income, net. Income before income taxes for our domestic operations was a pre-tax loss of $88 million for 2024, compared with $97 million of pre-tax income in 2023.
For each reporting unit, we first assess qualitative factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. 25 The qualitative factors could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition or the sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.
We have three reporting units: i) Americas and Asia-Pacific, ii) United Kingdom and Ireland and iii) Continental Europe. For each reporting unit, we first assess qualitative factors that are specific to the reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test.
Results of Operations Year Ended December 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Revenue $ 9,778 $ 8,993 $ 785 9 % Direct operating expense 8,035 7,443 592 8 % Selling, general and administrative expense 998 886 112 13 % Depreciation and amortization expense 361 329 32 10 % Transaction and integration costs 34 61 (27) (44) % Restructuring costs and other 32 32 — — % Operating income 318 242 76 31 % Other income, net 1 51 (50) (98) % Interest expense, net (53) (29) (24) 83 % Income before income taxes 266 264 2 1 % Income tax expense (33) (64) 31 48 % Net income $ 233 $ 200 $ 33 17 % Revenue for 2023 increased by 9%, or $785 million, to $9.8 billion compared with $9.0 billion for 2022.
Results of Operations Year Ended December 31, (In millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Revenue $ 11,709 $ 9,778 $ 1,931 20 % Direct operating expense 9,853 8,035 1,818 23 % Selling, general and administrative expense 1,061 998 63 6 % Depreciation and amortization expense 415 361 54 15 % Transaction and integration costs 76 34 42 n/m Restructuring costs and other 27 32 (5) (16) % Litigation expense 59 — 59 n/m Operating income 218 318 (100) (31) % Other income, net 31 1 30 n/m Interest expense, net (103) (53) (50) 94 % Income before income taxes 146 266 (120) (45) % Income tax expense (8) (33) 25 (76) % Net income $ 138 $ 233 $ (95) (41) % n/m - not meaningful Revenue for 2024 increased by 20%, or $1.9 billion, to $11.7 billion compared with $9.8 billion for 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $800 million of unsecured notes outstanding with interest payable in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year and $735 million of variable-rate term loans outstanding with interest payable in arrears at our option monthly, quarterly or semiannually. See Note 9.
As of December 31, 2024, we had a total of $1.9 billion of Unsecured Notes outstanding, consisting of $1.1 billion Unsecured Notes with interest payable semiannually on May 6 and November 6 of each year and $800 million Unsecured Notes with interest payable semiannually on January 15 and July 15 of each year.
We continually evaluate our liquidity requirements and capital structure in light of our operating needs, growth initiatives and capital resources. As of December 31, 2023, we held cash and cash equivalents of $468 million and we had $799 million of borrowing capacity available, net of letters of credit under our revolving credit facility.
We continually evaluate our liquidity requirements and capital structure in light of our operating needs, growth initiatives and capital resources.
For additional information regarding our cash requirement from contractual obligations, indebtedness and lease obligations, see Note 17. “Commitments and Contingencies”, Note 9. “Debt and Financing Arrangements” and Note 8. “Leases” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For additional information regarding our cash requirements from contractual obligations, indebtedness and lease obligations, and legal matters, see Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies,” Note 10. “Debt and Financing Arrangements” and Note 9. “Leases” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The increase primarily reflects $286 million from the Clipper Acquisition (for the periods that were not comparable), $67 million from the PFS Acquisition, and higher personnel and rent expenses. Selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) primarily consists of salary and benefit costs for executive and certain administration functions, professional fees, bad debt expense and legal costs.
Selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) primarily consists of salary and benefit costs for executive and certain administration functions, professional fees, bad debt expense and legal costs. SG&A for 2024 increased by 6%, or $63 million, to $1.1 billion, compared with $998 million in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by the acquisitions of Wincanton and PFS.
Due to the acquisitions of Clipper and PFS, comparisons in our results of operations between 2023 and 2022 are less meaningful.
(“PFS”), an e-commerce order fulfillment company based in Irving, Texas (the “PFS Acquisition”). Due to the acquisitions of Wincanton in 2024 and PFS in 2023, comparisons in our results of operations between 2024 and 2023 are less meaningful. For additional information regarding our acquisitions, see Note 4. “Acquisitions” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We believe that we have significant discretion over the amount and timing of our capital expenditures as we are not subject to any agreement that would require significant capital expenditures on a designated schedule or upon the occurrence of designated events.
We believe that we have significant discretion over the amount and timing of our capital expenditures as we are not subject to any agreement that would require significant capital expenditures on a designated schedule or upon the occurrence of designated events. 23 Financial Condition The following table summarizes our asset and liability balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, (In millions, except percentages) 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Total current assets $ 2,641 $ 2,568 $ 73 3 % Total long-term assets 8,625 6,939 1,686 24 % Total current liabilities 3,189 2,626 563 21 % Total long-term liabilities 5,042 3,935 1,107 28 % Total assets and liabilities increased from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 primarily due to the Wincanton Acquisition.
SG&A for 2023 increased by 13%, or $112 million, to $998 million, compared with $886 million in 2022. SG&A primarily increased due to the Clipper Acquisition, higher personnel costs for certain administrative functions and bad debt expense. 21 Depreciation and amortization expense for 2023 increased by $32 million to $361 million compared with $329 million for 2022.
Depreciation and amortization expense for 2024 increased by $54 million to $415 million compared with $361 million for 2023. Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to the acquisitions of Wincanton and PFS.
The increase primarily reflects $378 million from the Clipper Acquisition (for the periods that were not comparable), $82 million from the PFS Acquisition, and growth in Continental Europe. Foreign currency movements increased revenue by $140 million in 2023.
The increase primarily reflects $1.6 billion from the acquisitions of Wincanton and PFS. Also, revenue increased in our Continental Europe and U.K. and Ireland businesses, mainly driven by higher pricing. Foreign currency movements increased revenue by $109 million in 2024.
Removed
Cost-plus contracts provide for the payment of allowable costs incurred during the performance of the contract plus a specified margin. 20 Basis of Presentation On August 2, 2021, the Company became a standalone publicly traded company and its financial statements post the separation from XPO, Inc. (the “Separation”) are now prepared on a consolidated basis.
Added
Cost-plus contracts provide for the payment of allowable costs incurred during the performance of the contract plus a specified margin. 20 On April 29, 2024, the Company completed the acquisition of Wincanton plc (“Wincanton”), a U.K. logistics provider specializing in both warehousing and transportation solutions (“the Wincanton Acquisition”). On October 23, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of PFSweb, Inc.
Removed
Before the Separation, GXO’s historical financial statements were prepared on a standalone combined basis and were derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements and accounting records of XPO. The combined Consolidated Financial Statements for all periods presented before the Separation are now referred to as “Consolidated Financial Statements” and have been prepared under the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
Added
Direct operating expense for 2024 increased by 23%, or $1.8 billion, to $9.9 billion compared with $8.0 billion for 2023. The increase primarily reflects $1.4 billion from the acquisitions of Wincanton and PFS, and higher personnel and temporary labor expenses in the U.K. and Ireland business from growth in the business.
Removed
GXO has one reportable segment. On October 23, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of PFSweb, Inc. (“PFS”), an e-commerce order fulfillment company based in Irving, Texas (the “PFS Acquisition”). On May 24, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Clipper Logistics plc (“Clipper”), an omnichannel retail logistics specialist based in Leeds, England (the “Clipper Acquisition”).
Added
Direct operating expense also increased due to foreign currency movement in our U.K. and Ireland and Continental Europe businesses. As a percentage of revenue, direct operating expense was 84.1% and 82.2% in 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in Direct operating expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily related to the Wincanton Acquisition.
Removed
Direct operating expense for 2023 increased by 8%, or $592 million, to $8.0 billion compared with $7.4 billion for 2022. As a percentage of revenue, direct operating expense was 82.2% and 82.8% in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Added
Litigation expense in 2024 related to a settlement agreement dated June 14, 2024. We recognized $59 million for the settlement, associated legal fees, and other related expenses. For additional information regarding our legal matters see Note 18. “Commitments and Contingencies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Other income, net increased due to higher pension income and foreign currency movements.
Removed
Transaction and integration costs in 2022 primarily related to $46 million related to the Clipper Acquisition, reflecting costs associated with financing arrangements, advisory fees and integration costs, and $15 million from the Separation, primarily reflecting rebranding costs. We engage in restructuring actions as part of our ongoing efforts to best use our resources and infrastructure.
Added
In 2024, pension income primarily increased due to a defined benefit plan assumed in connection with the Wincanton Acquisition. In 2024, the Company recorded a gain of $8 million in connection with a real estate transaction.
Removed
Restructuring costs and other for 2023 included $16 million related to a restructuring plan initiated in the fourth quarter of 2022 designed to centralize certain processes and standardize operating structures.
Added
As of December 31, 2024, we held cash and cash equivalents of $413 million, restricted cash of $72 million recorded in Other long-term assets, and we had $999 million of borrowing capacity available, net of letters of credit under our revolving credit facilities.
Removed
Restructuring costs and other for 2022 included $24 million related to severance costs, primarily from the exit of non-core businesses and central efficiency projects, and $8 million related to the deconsolidation of a joint venture. Other income, net decreased due to lower pension income and foreign currency movements.
Added
During 2024, we deposited €68 million ($70 million as of December 31, 2024) of restricted cash in relation to a contingency, and in January 2025, the Company deposited an additional amount of €16 million ($17 million).
Removed
The decrease in our effective income tax rate in 2023 was driven by tax benefits from intangible assets and the release of valuation allowances.
Added
Total liabilities also increased due to issuance of $1.1 billion of unsecured notes to fund the Wincanton Acquisition.
Removed
Financial Condition The following table summarizes our asset and liability balances as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 $ Change % Change Total current assets $ 2,568 $ 2,428 $ 140 6 % Total long-term assets 6,939 6,791 148 2 % Total current liabilities 2,626 2,532 94 4 % Total long-term liabilities 3,935 4,009 (74) (2) % 23 Total assets increased by $288 million from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023, primarily reflecting increases from the PFS Acquisition.
Added
Financing Activities Financing activities generated $636 million of cash in 2024 and used $186 million in 2023.
Removed
Total liabilities increased by $20 million from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023, reflecting the early repayment of debt, partially offset by increases from the PFS Acquisition.
Added
We also have $450 million of variable-rate term loans outstanding with interest payable in arrears at our option monthly, quarterly, or semiannually. For additional information see Note 10. “Debt and Financing Arrangements” to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Removed
We make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, gains and losses. Material changes in these assumptions, estimates and/or judgments have the potential to materially alter our results of operations.
Added
The qualitative factors could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition or the sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative assessment is performed.
Removed
We have three reporting units: i) Americas and Asia-Pacific, ii) United Kingdom and Ireland and iii) Continental Europe.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

7 edited+0 added−2 removed2 unchanged
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk A significant proportion of our net assets and income is in non-USD currencies, primarily the Euro (“EUR”) and British pound sterling (“GBP”). We are exposed to currency risk from potential changes in functional currency values of our foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and cash flows.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk A significant proportion of our net assets and income are in non-USD currencies, primarily the British pound sterling (“GBP”) and the Euro (“EUR”). We are exposed to currency risk from potential changes in functional currency values of our foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and cash flows.
We entered into cross-currency swap agreements to manage our foreign currency exchange risk by effectively converting a portion of the fixed-rate USD-denominated debt, including the interest payments, to fixed-rate EUR-denominated debt and a portion of the floating-rate USD-denominated loans, including the interest payments, to floating-rate EUR-denominated debt.
We entered into cross-currency swap and forward agreements to manage our foreign currency exchange risk by effectively converting a portion of the fixed-rate USD-denominated debt, including the interest payments, to fixed-rate EUR-denominated debt and a portion of the floating-rate USD-denominated loans, including the interest payments, to floating-rate EUR-denominated debt.
We use foreign currency option contracts to mitigate the risk of a reduction in the value of earnings from our operations that use the EUR or GBP as their functional currency.
We use foreign currency options and forward contracts to mitigate the risk of a reduction in the value of earnings from our operations that use the EUR or GBP as their functional currency.
Consequently, depreciation of the EUR or the GBP relative to the USD could have an adverse impact on our financial results.
Consequently, the depreciation of the EUR or the GBP relative to the USD could adversely impact on our financial results.
As of December 31, 2023, a uniform 10% strengthening in the value of the USD relative to the GBP would have decreased our net assets by approximately $143 million, net of hedging. These theoretical calculations assume that an instantaneous, parallel shift in exchange rates occurs, which is not consistent with the history of foreign currency markets.
As of December 31, 2024, a uniform 10% strengthening in the value of the USD relative to the EUR and GBP would have decreased our net assets by $70 million and $92 million, respectively, net of foreign currency hedging. These theoretical calculations assume that an instantaneous, parallel shift in exchange GBP and EUR rates occurs. See Note 11.
We also entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert $250 million of variable-rate U.S. dollar (“USD”)-denominated debt into USD-denominated fixed-rate debt. As of December 31, 2023, a hypothetical 1% increase in Euribor would have increased our interest expense by approximately $3 million.
Additionally, we entered into cross-currency swap agreements to convert $250 million of variable-rate debt from SOFR to the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“Euribor”). As of December 31, 2024, a hypothetical 1% increase in SOFR and Euribor would have increased our interest expense by approximately $3 million.
Interest Rate Risk Our long-term debt portfolio, excluding finance leases and other debt, consists of $800 million fixed-rate notes and $735 million variable-rate loans, complemented by a variable-rate revolving credit facility. We use cross-currency swap agreements to convert $250 million of variable-rate debt from Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) to Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“Euribor”).
Interest Rate Risk Our long-term debt portfolio, excluding finance leases and other debt, consists of $1.9 billion fixed-rate notes and $450 million variable-rate term loans based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). For our variable-rate debt, we entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert $125 million of variable-rate U.S. dollar (“USD”) denominated debt into USD-denominated fixed-rate debt.
Removed
As of December 31, 2023, a uniform 10% strengthening in the value of the USD relative to the EUR would have increased our net assets by approximately $67 million, net of hedging.
Removed
Fluctuations in exchange rates also affect the volume of sales or the foreign currency sales price as competitors’ services become more or less attractive. The sensitivity analysis of the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates does not factor in a potential change in sales levels or local currency prices. See Note 10.

Other GXO 10-K year-over-year comparisons