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H2O AMERICA

H2O AMERICAHTOEarnings & Financial Report

Nasdaq · Utilities · Water Supply

H2O Wireless is a United States-based prepaid cell phone service, that utilizes the AT&T network. It is a brand of the mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) Locus Telecommunications, a subsidiary of Telrite Holdings, Inc., since 2019. Locus was formerly a subsidiary of KDDI America corporation, starting in 2010. H2O Wireless is primarily advertised as a non-restrictive phone service for customers to bring or buy unlocked smartphones, although AT&T contract/locked phones may be accepted as well.

What changed in H2O AMERICA's 10-K — 2023 vs 2024

Top changes in H2O AMERICA's 2024 10-K

387 paragraphs added · 342 removed · 284 edited across 8 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

87 edited+44 added−29 removed70 unchanged
On December 15, 2023, SJWC, along with three other California water utilities, filed a joint request for one-year deferment on the cost of capital filings which would otherwise be due on May 1, 2024.
On December 15, 2023, SJWC, along with three other California water utilities, filed a joint request for a one-year deferment on the cost of capital filings which would otherwise be due on May 1, 2024.
Brown served as counsel and Corporate Secretary of various subsidiaries of the Corporation. Since joining SJWC in 2008, Mr. Brown has held various legal positions of increasing scope and responsibly. Prior to joining SJWC, Mr. Brown was an associate at two Silicon Valley law firms and is a member of the State Bar of California. Bruce A.
Brown served as counsel and Corporate Secretary of various subsidiaries of the Corporation. Since joining SJWC in 2008, Mr. Brown has held various legal positions of increasing scope and responsibly. Prior to joining SJWC, Mr. Brown was an associate at two Silicon Valley law firms and is a member of the State Bar of California.
MWC relies on legislatively granted water rights in order to serve customers. In some instances, these rights were granted to predecessor water companies specially chartered by the Maine legislature many decades ago, with those entities later having 9 been merged into MWC.
MWC relies on legislatively granted water rights in order to serve customers. In some instances, these rights were granted to predecessor water companies specially chartered by the Maine legislature many decades ago, with those entities later having been merged into MWC.
The request is conditioned on leaving the current WCCM in place such that any adjustments will be made to the respective utilities cost of capital during the one-year deferment based on the mechanism. The request was approved on February 2, 2024.
The request was conditioned on leaving the current WCCM in place such that any adjustments will be made to the respective utilities cost of capital during the one-year deferment based on the mechanism. The request was approved on February 2, 2024.
Johnson also serves as Senior Vice President of Administration for CTWS and certain of its subsidiaries since November 2019. Ms. Johnson also serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of TWC, and as Senior Vice President of Administration for CWC and MWC, since April 2023. Previously, Ms.
Johnson also serves as Senior Vice President of Administration for CTWS and certain of its subsidiaries since November 2019. Ms. Johnson also serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of SJWC and TWC, and as Senior Vice President of Administration for CWC and MWC, since April 2023. Previously, Ms.
TWC has long-term agreements with the GBRA, which expire in 2037, 2040, 2044 and 2050, respectively. The agreements, which are take-or-pay contracts, provide TWC with an aggregate of 7,650 acre-feet of water per year from Canyon Lake at prices that may be adjusted periodically by GBRA.
TWC has long-term agreements with the GBRA, which expire in 2037, 2040, 2044 and 2050, respectively. The agreements, which are take-or-pay contracts, provide TWC with an aggregate of 7,602 acre-feet of water per year from Canyon Lake at prices that may be adjusted periodically by GBRA.
On August 25, 2023, the Commission issued an order granting a temporary rate increase of $1.5 million or 10% while the case and the company’s full request are litigated. The company reached a settlement agreement with staff and the Office of the Public Advocate and filed a stipulated settlement agreement with the MPUC on December 22, 2023.
On August 25, 2023, the MPUC issued an order granting a temporary rate increase of $1.5 million or 10% while the case and the company’s full request are litigated. The company reached a settlement agreement with MPUC and the Office of the Public Advocate and filed a stipulated settlement agreement with the MPUC on December 22, 2023.
Hauk served as Deputy Mayor/Chief Administrative Officer for the City of Westfield, Indiana and as Town Manager/Director of Public Works for the City of Westfield, Indiana. Kristen A. Johnson 57 SJW Group—Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer. Ms. Johnson serves as Senior Vice President since November 2022 and Chief Administrative Officer of SJW Group, since April 2020. Ms.
Hauk served as Deputy Mayor/Chief Administrative Officer for the City of Westfield, Indiana and as Town Manager/Director of Public Works for the City of Westfield, Indiana. Kristen A. Johnson 58 SJW Group—Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer. Ms. Johnson serves as Senior Vice President since November 2022 and Chief Administrative Officer of SJW Group, since April 2020. Ms.
Our compensation and benefits programs include: • Fair employee wages as benchmarked to the markets that our employees live and work in that are consistent with employee roles and responsibilities, skill levels, experience, and knowledge; • Engagement of nationally, recognized outside compensation and benefits consulting firms to independently evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of compensation for our executive and other officers and to provide benchmarks for executive compensation as compared to peer companies; • Short-term incentive compensation for management level staff aligning with company financial and operational goals targeted to our stakeholders: customers, communities, employees, and stockholders; • Alignment with stockholder value by utilizing equity awards linked to investment performance over time, as well as certain absolute financial results; • A comprehensive annual employee performance review process pursuant to which we determine and communicate to employees annual merit increases, promotions and other changes to responsibilities and duties; and • Eligibility for all employees to participate in health insurance, dental, vision, cafeteria plans, life and disability/accident coverage, retirement plans and/or salary deferral plans, an employee stock purchase plan, paid and unpaid leaves, a commuter assistance program, professional education and training, and tuition assistance. 13 Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table summarizes the name, age, offices held and business experience for each of our executive officers, as of February 22, 2024: Name Age Offices and Experience Willie Brown 56 SJW Group—Vice President and General Counsel.
Our compensation and benefits programs include: • Fair employee wages as benchmarked to the markets that our employees live and work in that are consistent with employee roles and responsibilities, skill levels, experience, and knowledge; • Engagement of nationally, recognized outside compensation and benefits consulting firms to independently evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of compensation for our executive and other officers and to provide benchmarks for executive compensation as compared to peer companies; • Short-term incentive compensation for management level staff aligning with company financial and operational goals targeted to our stakeholders: customers, communities, employees, and stockholders; • Alignment with stockholder value by utilizing equity awards linked to investment performance over time, as well as certain absolute financial results; • A comprehensive annual employee performance review process pursuant to which we determine and communicate to employees annual merit increases, promotions and other changes to responsibilities and duties; and • Eligibility for all employees to participate in health insurance, dental, vision, cafeteria plans, life and disability/accident coverage, retirement plans and/or salary deferral plans, an employee stock purchase plan, paid and unpaid leaves, a commuter assistance program, professional education and training, and tuition assistance. 14 Table of Contents Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table summarizes the name, age, offices held and business experience for each of our executive officers, as of February 27, 2025: Name Age Offices and Experience Willie Brown 57 SJW Group—Vice President and General Counsel.
TWC also has raw water supply agreements with the Lower Colorado River Authority (“LCRA”) and West Travis Public Utility Agency (“WTPUA”) expiring in 2059 and 2046, respectively, to provide for 350 acre-feet of water per year from Lake Austin and the Colorado River, respectively, at prices that may be adjusted periodically by the agencies.
TWC also has raw water supply agreements with the Lower Colorado River Authority (“LCRA”) and West Travis County Public Utility Agency (“WTCPUA”) expiring in 2059 and 2046, respectively, to provide for 350 acre-feet of water per year from Lake Austin and the Colorado River, respectively, at prices that may be adjusted periodically by the agencies.
Please also see Item 1A , “Risk Factors,” Item 7 , “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Note 3 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” Description of Business General The principal business of Water Utility Services consists of the production, purchase, storage, purification, distribution, wholesale and retail sale of water and wastewater services.
Please also see Item 1A , “Risk Factors,” Item 7 , “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Note 3 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” Description of Business General The principal business of SJW Group consists of the production, purchase, storage, purification, distribution, wholesale and retail sale of water and wastewater services.
Step 3 of the planned multi-year rate filings for the Saco River Drinking Water Resource Center was filed in accordance with the Commission order on March 31, 2023.
Step 3 of the planned multi-year rate filings for the Saco River Drinking Water Resource Center was filed in accordance with the MPUC order on March 31, 2023.
As part of a reorganization on February 8, 1985, SJWC became a wholly owned subsidiary of SJW Group. SJWC is a public utility in the business of providing water service in the metropolitan San Jose, California area. • SJWNE LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, was formed in 2019, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of SJW Group.
As part of a reorganization in 1985, SJWC became a wholly owned subsidiary of SJW Group. SJWC is a public utility in the business of providing water service in the metropolitan San Jose, California area. • SJWNE LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, was formed in 2019, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of SJW Group.
Additionally, it further aligned authorized and actual consumption, particularly for business customers, addressed the water 5 supply mix variability, and provided greater revenue recovery in the fixed charge. The approved revenue increase for 2022 was effective retrospectively to January 1, 2022.
Additionally, it further aligned authorized and actual consumption, particularly for business customers, addressed the water 5 Table of Contents supply mix variability, and provided greater revenue recovery in the fixed charge. The approved revenue increase for 2022 was effective retrospectively to January 1, 2022.
SJWC provides water services to approximately 232,400 connections that serve approximately one million people over 139 square miles residing in portions of the cities of San Jose and Cupertino and in the cities of Campbell, Monte Sereno, Saratoga and in the Town of Los Gatos, and adjacent unincorporated territories, all in the County of Santa Clara in the State of California.
SJWC provides water services to approximately 232,000 connections that serve approximately one million people over 140 square miles residing in portions of the cities of San Jose and Cupertino and in the cities of Campbell, Monte Sereno, Saratoga and in the Town of Los Gatos, and adjacent unincorporated territories, all in the County of Santa Clara in the State of California.
In the first quarter of 2023, SJWC executed three-year bargaining agreements with the International Union of Operating Engineers (“OE”), representing certain employees in the engineering department, and the Utility Workers of America (“UWUA”), representing the majority of all non-administrative employees at SJWC covering the period from January 1, 2023 11 through December 31, 2025.
In the first quarter of 2023, SJWC executed three-year bargaining agreements with the International Union of Operating Engineers (“OE”), representing certain employees in the engineering department, and the Utility Workers of America (“UWUA”), representing the majority of all non-administrative employees at SJWC covering the period from January 1, 2023 12 Table of Contents through December 31, 2025.
Notwithstanding the SIC filing, TWC will continue to file its annual adjustments for the Water Pass-through Charges (“WPC”) for Canyon Lake, Deer Creek and Kendall West customers. All water supply cost increases are recoverable when the next annual WPC adjustment for each system is filed.
Notwithstanding any SIC filing, TWC will continue to file its annual adjustments for the Water Pass-through Charges (“WPC”) for Canyon Lake, Deer Creek, Kendall West, Clear Water Estates, and Saddleridge customers. All water supply cost increases are recoverable when the next annual WPC adjustment for each system is filed.
Hauk was the President of NextEra Water from May 2021 to August 2022. Prior to joining NextEra, Mr. Hauk served in several roles at American Water Works Company, Inc. from May 2011 to March 2021, lastly serving as President of Regulated Operations and Military Services Group and then as Deputy Chief Operating Officer. Previously, Mr.
Prior to joining NextEra, Mr. Hauk served in several roles at American Water Works Company, Inc. from May 2011 to March 2021, lastly serving as President of Regulated Operations and Military Services Group and then as Deputy Chief Operating Officer. Previously, Mr.
Surface supply, which during a normal rainfall year satisfies about 6% to 8% of SJWC’s annual 8 water supply needs, provides approximately 1% of its water supply in a dry year and approximately 14% in a wet year.
Surface supply, which during a normal rainfall year satisfies about 6% to 8% of SJWC’s annual 9 Table of Contents water supply needs, provides approximately 1% of its water supply in a dry year and approximately 14% in a wet year.
This return on equity and capital structure will be used for any future Water Infrastructure Surcharge (“WISC”) calculations for all divisions until the Commission has authorized or approved a different return on equity structure in a different proceeding.
This return on equity and capital structure will be used for any future Water Infrastructure Surcharge (“WISC”) calculations for all divisions until the Maine Public Utilities Commission (“MPUC”) has authorized or approved a different return on equity structure in a different proceeding.
As part of the merger transaction between SJW Group and Connecticut Water Service, Inc. on October 9, 2019, Connecticut Water Service, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“CTWS”) became a wholly owned subsidiary of SJWNE LLC. Connecticut Water Service, Inc. is a holding company with four wholly owned subsidiaries.
As part of the merger transaction between SJW Group and Connecticut Water Service, Inc. in 2019, Connecticut Water Service, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“CTWS”) became a wholly owned subsidiary of SJWNE LLC. Connecticut Water Service, Inc. is a holding company with four wholly owned subsidiaries.
TWC provides water service to approximately 28,000 service connections that serve approximately 83,000 people in a service area comprising more than 271 square miles in the region between San Antonio and Austin, Texas and approximately 950 wastewater connections. Together, the Water Utility Services distribute water to customers in their respective service areas in accordance with accepted water utility methods.
TWC provides water service to approximately 29,000 service connections that serve approximately 88,000 people in a service area comprising more than 271 square miles in the region between San Antonio and Austin, Texas and approximately 1,000 wastewater connections. Together, the Water Utility Services distribute water to customers in their respective service areas in accordance with accepted water utility methods.
Our California and Connecticut subsidiaries operate in particularly competitive labor markets; we believe our compensation package and benefit programs allow us to recruit and retain talented and qualified personnel.
Our California and Connecticut subsidiaries operate in particularly competitive labor markets; we believe our compensation 13 Table of Contents package and benefit programs allow us to recruit and retain talented and qualified personnel.
SJW Group is a holding company with four wholly owned subsidiaries: • San Jose Water Company (“SJWC”), with its headquarters located at 110 West Taylor Street in San Jose, California 95110, was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1866.
SJW Group is a holding company that conducts its business through the following wholly owned subsidiaries: • San Jose Water Company (“SJWC”), with its headquarters located at 110 West Taylor Street in San Jose, California 95110, was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1866.
SJW Group’s regulated operations financing activities are designed to achieve capital structures consistent with regulatory guidelines in the locations where the companies operate.
SJW Group’s regulated operations financing activities are designed to achieve capital structures consistent with regulatory guidelines in the locations 4 Table of Contents where the companies operate.
Our human capital measures and objectives focus on providing a safe and productive work environment that has clear positive and ethical values; a culture that embraces diversity, respect and equity; jobs that offer fair wages as benchmarked to the markets that we live and work in; competitive wages and benefits; and training and development opportunities that support our employees to establish and succeed in meaningful careers at SJW Group.
Our human capital measures and objectives focus on providing a safe and productive work environment that has clear positive and ethical values; a culture that encourages high performance, respect for each other, and celebrates diversity; jobs that offer fair wages as benchmarked to the markets that we live and work in; competitive wages and benefits; and training and development opportunities that support our employees to establish and succeed in meaningful careers at SJW Group.
As reported by Valley Water at the end of 2023, the groundwater level in the Santa Clara Plain was 17 feet higher compared to the same time in 2022. The total groundwater storage at the end of 2023 was within Stage 1 (Normal) of the Valley Water’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
As reported by Valley Water at the end of 2024, the groundwater level in the Santa Clara Plain was eight feet lower compared to the same time in 2023. The total groundwater storage at the end of 2024 was within Stage 1 (Normal) of the Valley Water’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
Postponing the filing a year would alleviate administrative processing costs on the utilities as well as the CPUC staff, and provide relief for both CPUC and utility resources already strained by numerous other proceedings.
Postponing the filing a year alleviates administrative processing costs on the utilities as well as the CPUC staff and provides relief for both CPUC and utility resources already strained by numerous other proceedings.
(c) For California, the approved WCCM-adjusted return on equity is 10.01% starting January 1, 2024, less a 20 basis point reduction due to the reimplementation of the Water Conservation Memorandum Account (“WCMA”). (d) An approximation of rate base which includes net utility plant not yet included in rate base pending rate case filings and outcomes.
(c) For California, the approved Water Cost of Capital Mechanism (“WCCM”)-adjusted return on equity is 10.01% less a 20-basis point reduction due to the reimplementation of the Water Conservation Memorandum Account (“WCMA”). (d) An approximation of rate base which includes net utility plant not yet included in rate base pending rate case filings and outcomes.
The CTWS companies provide water service to approximately 141,000 service connections that serve a population of approximately 461,000 people in 81 municipalities with a service area of approximately 272 square miles throughout Connecticut and Maine and 3,000 wastewater connections in Southbury, Connecticut.
The CTWS companies provide water service to approximately 142,000 service connections that serve a population of approximately 463,000 people in 81 municipalities with a service area of approximately 275 square miles throughout Connecticut and Maine and approximately 3,000 wastewater connections in Southbury, Connecticut.
Hauk 53 SJW Group—Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Hauk serves as the Chief Operating Officer of SJW Group, SJWC, CTWS, and TWC since January 2023 and was the Chief Corporate Development and Strategy Officer of SJW Group, SJWC, CTWS, and TWC from August 2022 to December 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Mr.
Hauk serves as the Chief Operating Officer of SJW Group, SJWC, CTWS, and TWC since January 2023 and was the Chief Corporate Development and Strategy Officer of SJW Group, SJWC, CTWS, and TWC from August 2022 to December 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Hauk was the President of NextEra Water from May 2021 to August 2022.
Among other things, operating results from the water business fluctuate according to the demand for water, which is often influenced by seasonal conditions, such as impact of drought, summer temperatures or the amount and timing of precipitation in Water Utility Services’ service areas.
Chester Realty, Inc. owns commercial properties and parcels of land in Connecticut. Among other things, operating results from the water business fluctuate according to the demand for water, which is often influenced by seasonal conditions, such as impact of drought, summer temperatures or the amount and timing of precipitation in Water Utility Services’ service areas.
He has served as the Chair of the Board of Directors of SJW Group, SJWC, SJW Land Company and TWC since April 25, 2018 and Chair of the Board of Directors of SJWNE LLC, CTWS and its subsidiaries since October 9, 2019. Prior to joining SJW Group, Mr.
Thornburg serves as Chair of the Board of Directors of SJW Group, SJWC, SJW Land Company, and TWC since April 2018, and Chair of the Board of Directors of SJWNE LLC, and CTWS and its subsidiaries since October 2019. Prior to joining SJW Group, Mr.
In both instances, the impacts of surface water, purchased water, groundwater extraction, and purchased power expenses are now tracked in SJWC’s Full Cost Balancing Account authorized in the 2022 GRC Decision. The pumps and motors at SJWC’s groundwater production facilities are propelled by electric power.
In both instances, the impacts of surface water, purchased water, groundwater extraction, and purchased power expenses are tracked in SJWC’s Full Cost Balancing Account (“FCBA”) authorized by the CPUC for cost recovery. The pumps and motors at SJWC’s groundwater production facilities are propelled by electric power.
Item 1. Business General Development of Business SJW Group was initially incorporated as SJW Corp. in the state of California on February 8, 1985.
Item 1. Business General Development of Business SJW Group, a Delaware corporation, was initially incorporated as SJW Corp. in the state of California in 1985.
The mechanism reconciles 2022 revenues as authorized in the CWC’s most recent rate case. The 2022 WRA, as approved by PURA on March 24, 2023 and effective for 12 months beginning on April 1, 2023, imposed a 4.97% sur-credit on customer bills to refund the 2022 revenue over-collection.
On February 28, 2024, CWC filed its 2023 WRA. The mechanism reconciles 2023 revenues as authorized in the CWC’s most recent rate case. The 2023 WRA, as approved by PURA on March 11, 2024 and effective for 12 months beginning on April 1, 2024, imposed a 2.11% sur-credit on customer bills to refund the 2023 revenues over-collection.
However, it filed its application to establish a System Improvement Charge (“SIC”) with the PUCT under Docket No. 54430 on December 30, 2022. This filing will allow TWC to add certain utility plant additions made since 2020 to its rate base, thereby increasing revenue and avoiding the immediate need for a general rate case.
However, it filed its application to establish a System Improvement Charge (“SIC”) with PUCT under Docket No. 54430 on December 30, 2022. SIC filings are used to include certain utility plant additions made from 2020 to present in its rate base, thereby increasing revenue and avoiding the immediate need for a general rate case.
To the company’s knowledge, no municipality, water district or other public agency has any pending proceeding to condemn any part of its existing water systems. The company is also unaware of any eminent domain proceeding to take any of its property or operations.
To the company’s knowledge, no Public Agency has any pending proceeding to condemn any part of its existing water systems, nor to exercise any eminent domain proceeding to take any of its property or operations.
On January 1, 2024, Valley Water’s 10 reservoirs were 54% of restricted capacity with 10.9 billion gallons of water in storage. As of December 31, 2023, SJWC’s Lake Elsman was 55.7% of capacity with 11.2 billion gallons of water, 179.3% of the five-year seasonal average.
On January 1, 2025, Valley Water’s 10 reservoirs were 51% of restricted capacity with 10.4 billion gallons of water in storage. As of December 31, 2024, SJWC’s Lake Elsman was 54.2% of capacity with 1.1 billion gallons of water, approximately 145.6% of the five-year seasonal average.
The decision authorized a rate of return of 7.28% based on a return on equity of 8.80%, a cost of debt of 5.46%, and a capital structure of approximately 45% debt and 55% equity. The CPUC also authorized continuation of the Water Cost of Capital Mechanism (“WCCM”) in the same decision.
On June 29, 2023, the CPUC approved Decision No. 23-06-025 authorized a rate of return of 7.28% based on a return on equity of 8.80%, cost of debt of 5.46%, and a capital structure of approximately 45% debt and 55% equity. The CPUC also authorized continuation of the WCCM in the same decision.
Thornburg served as President and Chief Executive Officer of CTWS since 2006, and Chair of the Board of CTWS since 2007. Mr. Thornburg served as President of Missouri-American Water, a subsidiary of American Water Works Corporation from 2000 to 2004. From July 2004 to January 2006, he served as Central Region Vice President-External Affairs for American Water Works Corporation.
Thornburg served as President and Chief Executive Officer of CTWS from 2006 until 2017, and Chair of the Board of CTWS from 2008 to 2017. Mr. Thornburg served as President of Missouri-American Water, a subsidiary of American Water Works Corporation from 2000 to 2004. From July 2004 to January 2006, Mr.
In addition, the rainfall at SJWC’s Lake Elsman was measured at 13 inches for the period from July 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023, which is 70.8% of the five-year average. SJWC’s Montevina Water Treatment Plant treated 4 billion gallons of water in 2023, which is 182.5% of the five-year average.
In addition, the rainfall at SJWC’s Lake Elsman was measured at 15.11 inches for the period from July 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024, which is 79.2% of the five-year average. SJWC’s Montevina Water Treatment Plant treated 3.3 billion gallons of water in 2024, which is 132.2% of the five-year average.
Together, SJWC, CWC, TWC , TWOS, TWR, MWC and NEWUS are referred to as “Water Utility Services.” SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. are collectively referred to as “Real Estate Services.” Regulation and Rates Water Utility Services, excluding non-tariffed activities, are subject to rate regulation based on cost recovery and meets the criteria of accounting guidance for rate-regulated operations, which affects the timing of the recognition of certain revenues and expenses.
Other business activities that are not separately reportable segments are SJWC’s Cupertino service concession arrangement operations, TWOS, TWR, NEWUS, SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. and are collectively referred to as “Other Services.” Regulation and Rates Water Utility Services, excluding non-tariffed activities, are subject to rate regulation based on cost recovery and meets the criteria of accounting guidance for rate-regulated operations, which affects the timing of the recognition of certain revenues and expenses.
Rate cases may be filed as they become necessary, provided there is no current rate case outstanding. Furthermore, rate cases may not be filed more frequently than once every 12 months. TWC has no current general rate case pending.
The PUCT may authorize rate increases after the filing of an Application for a Rate/Tariff Change. Rate cases may be filed as they become necessary, provided there is no current rate case outstanding. Furthermore, rate cases may not be filed more frequently than once every 12 months. TWC has no current general rate case pending.
Basic Workforce Data As of December 31, 2023, SJW Group had 808 full-time employees, of whom 387 were SJWC employees, 248 were CWC employees, 91 were TWC employees, and 82 were MWC employees. At SJWC, 240 employees are members of unions. Employees working for CWC, MWC and TWC are not represented by unions.
Basic Workforce Data As of December 31, 2024, SJW Group had 822 full-time employees, of whom 395 were SJWC employees, 244 were CWC employees, 99 were TWC employees, and 84 were MWC employees. At SJWC, 241 employees are members of unions. Employees working for CWC, MWC and TWC are not represented by unions.
On January 25, 2023, CWC filed its 2022 WICA reconciliation with PURA. The reconciliation, approved by PURA on March 29, 2023 and effective for 12 months beginning April 1, 2023, replaced the expiring 2021 reconciliation credit of 0.02% with a credit of 0.16%.
A decision from PURA approving the application was received on January 10, 2024. On February 26, 2024, CWC filed its 2023 WICA reconciliation with PURA. The reconciliation, approved by PURA on March 27, 2024 and effective for 12 months beginning April 1, 2024, replaced the expiring 2022 reconciliation credit of 0.16% with a credit of 0.13%.
Johnson served as Director of Human Resources, Vice President of Human Resources and Vice President and Corporate Secretary of CTWS and its subsidiaries from 2007, 2008, and 2010, respectively. She served as the Corporate Secretary of The Maine Water Company until July 2020. Craig J. Patla 56 CTWS—President. Mr.
Johnson served as Director of Human Resources, Vice President of Human Resources and Vice President and Corporate Secretary of CTWS and its subsidiaries from 2007, 2008, and 2010, respectively. She served as the Corporate Secretary of The Maine Water Company until July 2020. Tanya Moniz-Witten 53 SJWC—President. Ms. Moniz-Witten serves as President of SJWC since March 2024.
The following summarizes each state’s authorized rates and capital structure as of December 31, 2023: California Connecticut Texas (a) Maine (b) Authorized capital structure (debt/equity) 45% / 55% 47% / 53% 42% / 58% 50% / 50% Authorized return on equity (c) 9.31% 9.00% 10.88% 9.70% Authorized rate base (in millions) $1,113.7 $620.1 $43.3 $135.1 Estimated rate base at year-end (in millions) (d) $1,136.3 $731.3 $106.5 $172.0 ___________________________________ (a) Estimated by management.
The following summarizes each state’s authorized rates and capital structure as of December 31, 2024: California Connecticut Texas (a) Maine (b) Authorized capital structure (debt/equity) 45% / 55% 47% / 53% 42% / 58% 49% / 51% Authorized return on equity (c) 9.81% 9.30% 10.88% 9.50% Authorized rate base (in millions) $1,203.0 $744.1 $57.6 $139.7 Estimated rate base at year-end (in millions) (d) $1,288.5 $791.6 $169.8 $187.1 ___________________________________ (a) Estimated by management.
Walters was a managing director and a senior acquisitions officer in the Infrastructure Investments Group of JP Morgan Asset Management from January 2009 to June 2013. Prior to this, Mr.
Walters also served as the Vice President of Business Planning of CWC and CTWS from November 2019 until January 2022. Prior to joining SJWC in 2014, Mr. Walters was a managing director and a senior acquisitions officer in the Infrastructure Investments Group of JP Morgan Asset Management from January 2009 to June 2013. Prior to this, Mr.
SJWTX Holdings, Inc. is the holding company for SJWTX, Inc., doing business as The Texas Water Company (“TWC”), Texas Water Operation Services, LLC (“TWOS”) and Texas Water Resources, LLC (“TWR”).
(“NEWUS”), which provides contract water and sewer operations and other water-related services. • SJWTX Holdings, Inc., a Texas corporation, formed in 2021, is the holding company for SJWTX, Inc., doing business as The Texas Water Company (“TWC”), Texas Water Operation Services, LLC (“TWOS”) and Texas Water Resources, LLC (“TWR”).
Under the California law, municipalities, water districts and other public agencies have been authorized to engage in the ownership and operation of water systems. Such agencies are empowered to condemn properties operated by privately-owned public utilities upon payment of just compensation and are further authorized to issue bonds (including revenue bonds) for the purpose of acquiring or constructing water systems.
Such Public Agencies are empowered, under certain circumstances, to condemn properties, and/or exercise the right of eminent domain on property operated by privately owned public utilities, upon payment of just 11 Table of Contents compensation. Furthermore, under California law, Public Agencies are authorized to issue bonds (including revenue bonds) for the purpose of acquiring or constructing water systems.
In 2023, the level of water in the Santa Clara Valley groundwater basin, which is managed by Valley Water, experienced an increase in most areas due to seasonal recovery, an increase in managed recharge operations, and a decrease in groundwater pumping by various water retailers in the region.
In 2024, the level of water in the Santa Clara Valley groundwater basin, which is managed by Valley Water, experienced a decrease in most areas due to a decrease in managed recharge operations and a decline in natural recharge associated with less rainfall compared to 2023.
In addition, CWC has water supply agreements to supplement its water supply with the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority and The Metropolitan District that expire 2058 and 2053, respectively. Texas Water Supply TWC’s water supply consists of groundwater from wells and purchased treated and raw water from the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority (“GBRA”).
In addition, CWC has water supply agreements to supplement its water supply with the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority (“RWA”) and The Metropolitan District (“MDC”) that expire 2058 and 2053, respectively.
On January 26, 2023, CWC filed for a WICA increase of $3.3 million in annualized revenues for $27.8 million in completed projects. PURA approved CWC’s application on March 22, 2023. The cumulative WICA surcharge as of April 1, 2023 was 6.19%, collecting $6.5 million on an annual basis. On February 27, 2023, CWC filed its 2022 WRA.
On January 26, 2023, CWC filed for a WICA increase of $3.3 million in annualized revenues for $27.8 million in completed projects. PURA approved CWC’s application on March 22, 2023. On July 27, 2023, CWC filed for a WICA increase of $1.3 million in annualized revenues for $11.5 million in completed projects. PURA approved the application effective October 1, 2023.
Patla was Region Manager. Mr. Patla joined CTWS in 1990 as an engineer. Eric W. Thornburg 63 SJW Group—President, Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board. Mr. Thornburg serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of SJW Group and SJW Land Company and Chief Executive Officer of SJWC and TWC since November 6, 2017.
Thornburg 64 SJW Group—President, Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board. Mr. Thornburg serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of SJW Group and SJW Land Company, and Chief Executive Officer of SJWC and TWC since November 2017. Mr.
The approved WCCM-adjusted return on equity is 10.01% starting January 1, 2024, less a 20 basis point reduction due to the reimplementation of the WCMA. The CPUC approved the settlement of 2022 General Rate Case on October 6, 2022 and issued Decision No. 22-10-005 (“2022 GRC Decision”) on October 11, 2022.
Separate from the filing, the return on equity was further adjusted by a 20-basis point reduction for reimplementation of the WCMA resulting in an overall rate of return of 7.75%. The CPUC approved the settlement of 2022 General Rate Case on October 6, 2022 and issued Decision No. 22-10-005 (“2022 GRC Decision”) on October 11, 2022.
Walters served in the Investment Banking Division of Citigroup as managing director and head of infrastructure for the Americas and in other roles focused on mergers and acquisitions and capital raising for clients, since 1993. 14 Principal Accounting Officer of the Registrant The following table summarizes the name, age, offices held and business experience for our principal accounting officer, as of February 22, 2024: Name Age Offices and Experience Mohammed G.
Walters served in the Investment Banking Division of Citigroup as managing director and head of infrastructure for the Americas and in other roles focused on mergers and acquisitions and capital raising for clients, since 1993.
On April 10, 2023, TWC filed an application with the PUCT to acquire the Elm Ridge water system that serves 21 residential customers. TWC has asked for filed rate doctrine treatment, which allows the acquiring utility’s current rates to be applied at the time of acquisition.
On April 10, 2023, TWC filed an application with the PUCT to acquire the Elm Ridge water system that serves 21 residential customers. TWC has asked to acquire the Elm Ridge customers using TWC’s existing rate.
(b) The authorized capital structure and return on equity shown are those of the largest division of MWC, the Biddeford and Saco division. Effective January 1, 2024, the Biddeford and Saco division’s authorized return on equity is 9.5% and its authorized capital structure is 49% debt and 51% 4 equity.
(b) The authorized capital structure and return on equity shown are those of the largest division of MWC, the Biddeford and Saco division.
Generally, there are three types of rate adjustments that affect SJWC’s revenue collection: general rate adjustments, cost of capital adjustments, and offset rate adjustments. General rate adjustments are authorized in general rate case decisions, which usually authorize an initial rate adjustment followed by two annual escalation adjustments.
General rate adjustments are authorized in general rate case decisions, which usually authorize an initial rate adjustment followed by two annual escalation adjustments.
Walters served as Chief Corporate Development Officer and Integration Executive of SJW Group from November 2019 until January 2022 and previously served as Chief Administrative Officer of SJWC since January 31, 2014. Mr. Walters is also currently the Vice President of Business Planning of CWC and CTWS as of November 7, 2019. Prior to joining SJWC in 2014, Mr.
Walters also serves as Chief Financial Officer of CTWS and its subsidiaries since April 2023. Mr. Walters served as Chief Corporate Development Officer and Integration Executive of SJW Group from November 2019 until January 2022, and previously served as Chief Administrative Officer of SJWC from January 2014 until January 2019. Mr.
Forty active production wells located in a Comal Trinity Groundwater Conservation District, a regulated portion of the Trinity aquifer, are charged a groundwater pump tax based upon usage. In August 2023, SJWTX Holdings Inc.’s unregulated subsidiary, TWR, acquired eight wells and the water rights of KT Water Resources LLC (“KTR”).
Forty active production wells located in a Comal Trinity Groundwater Conservation District, a regulated portion of the Trinity aquifer, are charged a groundwater pump tax based upon usage.
Acequia has been determined to be a variable interest entity within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, “Consolidation,” with TWC as the primary beneficiary. As a result, Acequia has been consolidated with TWC.
Acequia has been determined to be a variable interest entity within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810—“Consolidation,” with TWC as the primary beneficiary. As a result, Acequia has been consolidated with TWC. TWOS was created for non-tariffed service operations and TWR was formed to hold wholesale water supply assets. • SJW Land Company was incorporated in 1985.
Community Involvement In support of our mission as trusted, passionate and socially responsible professionals, we are dedicated to the people and the environment of the communities where we live, work, and serve.
Additionally, the company provides ongoing opportunities for employee recognition from peers and leaders and also administers an employee engagement and satisfaction survey twice per year. Community Involvement In support of our mission as trusted, passionate and socially responsible professionals, we are dedicated to the people and the environment of the communities where we live, work, and serve.
The application also includes requests to recover $23.5 million from balancing and memorandum accounts, further alignment between actual and authorized usage, and a shift to greater revenue collection in the service charge. The application will undergo a year-long review process and the new rates, if approved, are expected to be effective January 1, 2025.
The application proposed a $540 million three-year capital budget and also included requests to recover $23.5 million from balancing and memorandum accounts, further alignment between actual and authorized usage, and a shift to greater revenue collection in the service charge.
Water Utility Services also provide non-tariffed services under agreements with municipalities and other utilities. These non-tariffed services include water system operations, maintenance agreements and antenna site leases.
Water Utility Services also provide non-tariffed services under agreements with municipalities and other utilities. These non-tariffed services include water system operations, maintenance agreements and antenna site leases. SJWC operates the Cupertino municipal water system under a service concession arrangement. The system is adjacent to the SJWC service area and has approximately 4,700 service connections.
The purpose of an offset rate adjustment is to compensate utilities for changes in specific pre-authorized offsettable capital investments or expenses, primarily for purchased water, groundwater extraction, purchased power and pensions. Pursuant to Section 792.5 of the California Public Utilities Code, a balancing account must be maintained for each expense item for which such revenue offsets have been authorized.
The purpose of an offset rate adjustment is to compensate utilities for changes in specific pre-authorized offsettable capital investments or expenses, primarily for purchased water, groundwater extraction, purchased power, pensions, and group health insurance.
Zerhouni 48 SJW Group—Senior Vice President of Finance, Principal Accounting Officer. Mr. Zerhouni serves as Senior Vice President of Finance, Principal Accounting Officer of SJW Group, SJWC, CTWS and TWC, since January 2023, and CWC and MWC, since January 2024. Prior to joining SJW Group, Mr. Zerhouni was the Chief Financial Officer of Veolia Utility Parent, Inc.
Kelly serves as Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Accounting Officer of SJW Group, and Chief Accounting Officer of SJWC, CTWS, TWC, CWC, and MWC since November 2024. Prior to joining SJW Group, Ms.
Patla serves as President of CTWS and its subsidiaries, except The Maine Water Company, since January 2023. From April 2014 to December 2022, Mr. Patla was Vice President of Service Delivery. From 2011 to 2014, Mr. Patla was Director of Service Delivery. From 2008 to 2011, Mr. Patla was Manager of Service Delivery. From 2004 to 2008, Mr.
From April 2014 to December 2022, Mr. Patla was Vice President of Service Delivery. From 2011 to 2014, Mr. Patla was Director of Service Delivery. From 2008 to 2011, Mr. Patla was Manager of Service Delivery. From 2004 to 2008, Mr. Patla was Region Manager. Mr. Patla joined CTWS in 1990 as an engineer. Eric W.
This return on equity and capital 7 structure will be used for any future WISC calculations for all divisions until the Commission has authorized or approved a different return on equity structure in a different proceeding. On February 28, 2022, MWC filed requests for general rate increases in the Camden-Rockland, Freeport, Millinocket and Oakland Divisions.
This return on equity and capital structure will be used for any future WISC calculations for all divisions until the MPUC has authorized or approved a different return on equity structure in a different proceeding. 8 Table of Contents During the year ended December 31, 2024, MPUC issued orders approving surcharges for the Camden-Rockland, Freeport, Oakland and Millinocket divisions that in aggregate represent annual revenue increases of $0.3 million.
On December 12, 2023, the Administrative Law Judge filed Order No. 11, which allowed TWC to proceed and the acquisition closed on January 26, 2024. The final order, which transfers the Certificate of Convenience and Necessity (“CCN”) and allows filed rate doctrine, is expected to be approved during the second quarter of 2024.
On December 12, 2023, the Administrative Law Judge filed Order No. 11, which allowed TWC to proceed and the acquisition closed on January 26, 2024. On July 23, 2024, the PUCT filed the final approval which allowed TWC to charge its existing rates to customers of Elm Ridge.
On January 5, 2024, TWC filed an application with the PUCT to acquire the 3009 Water Company LLC water system that serves approximately 270 residential connections. TWC requested fair market value and filed rate doctrine treatment which allows the acquiring utility’s current rates to be applied at the time of acquisition.
On January 5, 2024, TWC filed an application with the PUCT to acquire the 3009 Water Company LLC water system that serves approximately 270 residential connections. TWC received the PUCT’s approval to proceed with the transaction.
In addition, each of our subsidiaries supports their communities through charitable donations or sponsorships with a focus on the communities served. SJWC and CWC also have matching donations for certain programs to further promote our employees’ involvement in their communities.
The Force for Good Foundation, established in 2024, is a non-consolidated not-for-profit corporation funded by SJW Group that plans to make contributions to selected charitable organizations with a focus on the communities served. SJWC and CWC also have matching donations for certain programs to further promote our employees’ involvement in their communities.
Andrew F. Walters 53 SJW Group—Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Walters serves as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of SJW Group, SJWC, SJW Land Company, and TWC since January 2022. Mr. Walters also serves as Chief Financial Officer of CTWS and its subsidiaries since April 2023. Mr.
Thornburg served as Central Region Vice President-External Affairs for American Water Works Corporation. 15 Table of Contents Andrew F. Walters 54 SJW Group—Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Walters serves as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of SJW Group, SJWC, SJW Land Company, and TWC since January 2022. Mr.
For California, this represents the weighted-average estimated rate base for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. California Regulatory Affairs SJWC’s rates, service and other matters affecting its business are subject to regulation by the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”).
California Regulatory Affairs SJWC’s rates, service and other matters affecting its business are subject to regulation by the California Public Utilities Commission (“CPUC”). Generally, there are three types of rate adjustments that affect SJWC’s revenue collection: general rate adjustments, cost of capital adjustments, and offset rate adjustments.
The new rates became effective prospectively on the date of the filing and reflected the WCCM-adjusted return on equity of 9.31%, a cost of debt of 5.26%, and an overall rate of return of 7.47%. Advice Letter No. 599 was approved with an effective date of July 31, 2023.
The filing requested an adjusted equity of 10.01%, a cost of debt of 5.28%, and a resulting authorized rate of return of 7.86%. Advice Letter No. 601 was approved with an effective date of January 1, 2024.
CTWS provides contracted services to water utilities, as well as offers Linebacker® protection plans for public drinking water customers in the states of Connecticut and Maine. Linebacker plans cover a limited amount of the cost of repairs to water and wastewater service lines and in-home plumbing. Services provided are dependent on the selected plan.
Under the terms of the agreement, SJWC assumes responsibility for all maintenance and operating costs of the system, while receiving all payments for water service. CTWS provides contracted services to water utilities, as well as offers Linebacker® protection plans for public drinking water customers in the states of Connecticut and Maine.
However, under current case law those entities may not exercise that right of eminent domain to take the entire operation of an investor-owned utility. Under Maine law, municipalities-individually and collectively, consumer-owned and standard water districts, and other public agencies are authorized to engage in the ownership and operation of water systems.
Under Connecticut law, any condemnation of water utility property by a Public Agency requires the approval of the PURA and under current Texas case law, a Public Agency may not exercise that right of eminent domain to take the entire operation of an investor-owned utility.
The SIC is projected to increase TWC’s water revenue by $1.6 million and sewer revenue by $29 thousand within one year of the approval from the PUCT. On October 17, 2023, the PUCT found the application administratively complete.
On March 21, 2024, the PUCT filed the final order approving TWC’s request to implement its SIC which applies to certain customers. As a result of this final order, the SIC is projected to increase TWC’s water revenue by $1.6 million and sewer revenue by $28 thousand within one year of the approval.
Between October 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023, the index rate increased approximately 140 basis points, surpassing the required WCCM trigger. On October 13, 2023, SJWC filed Advice Letter No. 601 to trigger the WCCM for 2024, which was subsequently approved with an effective date of January 1, 2024.
The index rate difference between those periods increased 103 basis points, thereby triggering the WCCM. Accordingly, SJWC filed Advice Letter No. 601 on October 13, 2023, to inform the CPUC that the WCCM authorized in Decision No. 23-06-025 required an update to SJWC’s authorized rate of return effective January 1, 2024.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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The Company remains engaged in the process in order to minimize impact to our available water supply. Although modified from prior versions, the regulations still have the potential to lower our safe yield, raise our capital and operating expenses and adversely affect our revenues and earnings.
The Company remains engaged in the process in order to minimize the impact to our available water supply. Although modified from prior versions, the regulations still have the potential to lower our safe yield, raise our capital and operating expenses and adversely affect our revenues and earnings.
From time to time, we enter into water supply agreements with third parties and our business is dependent upon such agreements in order to meet regional demand. The parties from whom we purchase water maintain significant infrastructure and systems to deliver water to us. Maintenance of these facilities is beyond our control.
From time to time, we enter into water supply agreements with third parties and our business is dependent upon such agreements in order to meet regional demand. The parties from whom we purchase water maintain significant infrastructure and systems to deliver water to us. The maintenance of these facilities is beyond our control.
In addition, noncompliance could expose us to liability and adversely affect business operations. Information technology is key to the operation of the Water Utility Services, including but not limited to payroll, general ledger activities, outsourced bill preparation and remittance processing, providing customer service and the use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems to operate our distribution system.
In addition, noncompliance could expose us to liability and adversely affect business operations. Information technology is key to the operation of Water Utility Services, including but not limited to payroll, general ledger activities, outsourced bill preparation and remittance processing, providing customer service and the use of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems to operate our distribution system.
Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions.
Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or may be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions.
These provisions include, but are not limited to, the following: • Authorizing Board of Directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock; • Prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors; • Limiting the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders to only stockholders holding not less than 20% of outstanding voting power; and • Requiring advance notification of stockholder nomination of directors and proposals.
These provisions include, but are not limited to, the following: • Authorizing the Board of Directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock; • Prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors; • Limiting the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders to only stockholders holding not less than 20% of outstanding voting power; and • Requiring advance notification of stockholder nomination of directors and proposals.
It is possible that wildfires and other fire hazards may occur more frequently, be of longer duration or impact larger areas as a result of drought-damaged plants and trees, lower humidity or higher winds that might be occurring as result of changed weather patterns.
It is possible that wildfires and other fire hazards may occur more frequently, be of longer duration or impact larger areas as a result of drought-damaged plants and trees, lower humidity or higher winds that might be occurring as a result of changed weather patterns.
We have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs for security measures in efforts to protect against such risks. 19 Water Utility Services rely on information technology and systems that are key to business operations. A system malfunction, security breach, cyber-attacks, or other disruption that compromises our information could expose us to liability and adversely affect business operations.
We have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs for security measures in efforts to protect against such risks. Water Utility Services rely on information technology and systems that are key to business operations. A system malfunction, security breach, cyber-attacks, or other disruption that compromises our information could expose us to liability and adversely affect business operations.
At this time, the existing greenhouse gases laws and regulations are not expected to materially harm Water Utility Services’ operations or capital expenditures. While regulation on climate change could change, the uncertainty of future climate change regulatory requirements still remains. We cannot predict the potential impact of future laws and regulations on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
At this time, the existing greenhouse gases laws and regulations are not expected to materially impact Water Utility Services’ operations or capital expenditures. While regulation on climate change could change, the uncertainty of future climate change regulatory requirements still remains. We cannot predict the potential impact of future laws and regulations on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
The loss or shutdown over an extended period of 20 operations at any of our treatment facilities or any losses relating to these risks could have a material adverse impact on our profitability, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows. Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by high inflation.
The loss or shutdown over an extended period of operations at any of our treatment facilities or any losses relating to these risks could have a material adverse impact on our profitability, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows. Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by high inflation.
Any strategic combination or 23 acquisition we decide to undertake may also impact our ability to finance our business, affect our compliance with regulatory requirements, and impose additional burdens on our operations. Any businesses we acquire may not achieve sales, customer growth and projected profitability that would justify the investment.
Any strategic combination or acquisition we decide to undertake may also impact our ability to finance our business, affect our compliance with regulatory requirements, and impose additional burdens on our operations. Any businesses we acquire may not achieve sales, customer growth and projected profitability that would justify the investment.
There is a significant competition for such personnel in our industry. Our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel depends on many factors, including but are not limited to, our ability to provide competitive compensation and benefit packages, availability of talents in our industry, general workforce trends and macroeconomic conditions.
There is significant competition for such personnel in our industry. Our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel depends on many factors, including but are not limited to, our ability to provide competitive compensation and benefit packages, availability of talents in our industry, general workforce trends and macroeconomic conditions.
In such a case, we may be required to incur significant expenses to repair, replace or upgrade our assets, or to defend 25 against costly litigation or disputes with third parties, any of which may adversely affect our business operations or financial conditions.
In such a case, we may be required to incur significant expenses to repair, replace or upgrade our assets, or to defend against costly litigation or disputes with third parties, any of which may adversely affect our business operations or financial conditions.
In general, if a public agency seeks to exercise its eminent domain power to take possession of private property, it must establish that such taking is for a public purpose and must pay just 17 compensation to owners of such property.
In general, if a public agency seeks to exercise its eminent domain power to take possession of private property, it must establish that such taking is for a public purpose and must pay just compensation to owners of such property.
Losses by insurance companies resulting from wildfires in California may also cause insurance coverage for wildfire risks to become more expensive or unavailable under reasonable terms, and our insurance may be inadequate to recover all our losses incurred in a wildfire.
Losses by insurance companies resulting from wildfires may also cause insurance coverage for wildfire risks to become more expensive or unavailable under reasonable terms, and our insurance may be inadequate to recover all our losses incurred in a wildfire.
We anticipate to continue to pay a regular quarterly dividend, though any such determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, earnings, legal requirements, including limitations under Delaware law, restrictions in our credit agreements and other debt instruments that limit our ability to pay dividends to stockholders and other factors the board of directors deems relevant.
We anticipate continuing to pay a regular quarterly dividend, though any such determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, earnings, legal requirements, including limitations under Delaware law, restrictions in our credit agreements and other debt instruments that limit our ability to pay dividends to stockholders, and other factors the board of directors deems relevant.
If the Regulators disagree with our calculations of our balancing and memorandum accounts, we may be required to make adjustments that could adversely affect our results of 15 operations.
If the Regulators disagree with our calculations of our balancing and memorandum accounts, we may be required to make adjustments that could adversely affect our results of operations.
New or more stringent environmental standards could be imposed that will raise Water Utility Services’ operating costs and capital expenditures, including requirements for increased monitoring, additional treatment of underground water supplies, fluoridation of all supplies, more stringent performance standards for treatment plants, additional procedures to further reduce levels of disinfection by-products, and more comprehensive measures to monitor, reduce or eliminate known or newly identified contaminants such as polyfluoroalkyl substances.
New or more stringent environmental standards could be imposed that will raise Water Utility Services’ operating costs and capital expenditures, including requirements for increased monitoring, additional treatment of underground water supplies, fluoridation of all supplies, more stringent performance standards for treatment plants, additional procedures to further reduce levels of disinfection by-products, and more comprehensive measures to monitor, reduce or eliminate known or newly identified contaminants, such as PFAS.
In December 2011, regulations concerning the flow of water in Connecticut’s rivers and streams were adopted. As promulgated, the regulations require that certain downstream releases be made from seven of CWC’s eighteen active reservoirs no later than ten years following the adoption of stream classifications by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (“DEEP”).
In December 2011, regulations concerning the flow of water in Connecticut’s rivers and streams were adopted. As promulgated, the regulations require that certain downstream releases be made from seven of CWC’s eighteen active reservoirs no later than ten years following the adoption of stream classifications by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 17 Table of Contents (“DEEP”).
Furthermore, the CTWS Entities’ directors have considerable autonomy and, as described in our commitments, have a duty to act in the best interest of the CTWS Entities consistent with the ring-fencing structure and applicable law, which may be contrary to SJW Group’s best interests or be in opposition to SJW Group’s preferred strategic direction for the CTWS Entities.
Furthermore, the CTWS Entities’ directors have considerable autonomy and, as described in our commitments, have a duty to act in the best interest of the CTWS Entities consistent with the ring-fencing structure and applicable law, which may be contrary to SJW Group’s best interests or be in opposition to SJW Group’s preferred strategic 24 Table of Contents direction for the CTWS Entities.
Water Utility Services is subject to litigation risks concerning water quality and contamination. In October 2023, CWC, a subsidiary of SJW Group in our Water Utility Services segment, was named as a defendant in a class action lawsuit alleging that the water provided by CWC contained contaminants. CWC intends to vigorously defend itself in this lawsuit.
Water Utility Services is subject to litigation risks concerning water quality and contamination. In October 2023, CWC, a subsidiary of SJW Group in our Water Utility Services segment, was named as a defendant in a class action lawsuit alleging that the water provided by CWC contained contaminants. CWC is vigorously defending itself in this lawsuit.
In addition, we have issued certain revenue bonds that contain affirmative and negative covenants customary for a loan agreement relating to revenue bonds, including, among other things, certain disclosure obligations, the tax exempt status of the interest on the bonds, and limitations and prohibitions on the transfer of projects funded by the loan proceeds and assignment of the loan agreement.
Further, we have issued certain revenue bonds that contain affirmative and negative covenants customary for a loan agreement relating to revenue bonds, including, among other things, certain disclosure obligations, the tax exempt status of the interest on the bonds, and limitations and prohibitions on the transfer of projects funded by the loan proceeds and assignment of the loan agreement.
Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include volatility of the general stock market or the utility index, regulatory developments, public announcement of material development in strategic transactions, general economic conditions and trends, actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations, actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or securities analysts, actual or anticipated developments in our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally, litigation involving us or our industry, and major catastrophic event(s) or sales of large blocks of our stock.
Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include volatility of the general stock market or the utility index, regulatory developments, public announcement or market assumptions of material developments in strategic transactions, general economic conditions and trends, actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations, actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or securities 27 Table of Contents analysts, actual or anticipated developments in our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally, litigation involving us or our industry, and major catastrophic event(s) or sales of large blocks of our stock.
Our business strategy focuses on the following: (1) Regional regulated water utility operations (includes water and wastewater); (2) Regional non-tariffed water utility related services provided in accordance with the guidelines established by the applicable state public utility commissions; and (3) Out-of-region water and utility related services.
Our business strategy focuses on the following: • Regional regulated water utility operations (includes water and wastewater); • Regional non-tariffed water utility related services provided in accordance with the guidelines established by the applicable state public utility commissions; and • Out-of-region water and utility related services.
We have incurred substantial indebtedness resulting in higher debt-to-equity ratio, which may have the effect, among other things, of: reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business, industry and economic conditions; increasing borrowing costs; placing us at a competitive disadvantage relative to other companies in our industry with less debt; potentially having an adverse effect on our issuer and issue ratings; requiring additional cash flow to be used to service debt instead of for other purposes; and potentially impairing our ability to obtain other financing.
We have incurred substantial indebtedness resulting in a higher debt-to-equity ratio, which may have the effect, among other things, of: • reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business, industry and economic conditions; • increasing borrowing costs; • limiting growth through capital expenditures and acquisitions; • placing us at a competitive disadvantage relative to other companies in our industry with less debt; • potentially having an adverse effect on our issuer and issue ratings; • requiring additional cash flow to be used to service debt instead of for other purposes; and • potentially impairing our ability to obtain other financing.
Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of this inflation, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.
Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of this inflation, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of 22 Table of Contents operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.
We purchase our water supply from various governmental agencies and others. Water supply availability may be affected by weather conditions, funding and other political and environmental considerations. In addition, our ability to use surface water is subject to regulations regarding water quality and volume limitations.
We purchase our water supply from various governmental agencies and others. Water supply availability may be affected by weather conditions, funding and other political and environmental considerations. In addition, our ability to use surface water is 19 Table of Contents subject to regulations regarding water quality and volume limitations.
In addition, in time of drought, such as in the drought experienced in California in 2021 to early 2023, mandatory water conservation may become a regulatory requirement that impacts the water usage of our customers.
In addition, in time of drought, such as in the drought experienced in California in 2021 to early 2023, mandatory water conservation may become a regulatory requirement that impacts the water 20 Table of Contents usage of our customers.
Generally accepted accounting principles for water utilities include the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities to reflect the actions of regulators as permitted by FASB ASC Topic 980—“Regulated Operations.” These actions may result in the recognition of revenues and expenses in time periods that are different from non-rate-regulated enterprises.
Generally accepted accounting principles for water utilities include the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities to reflect the actions of regulators as permitted by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 980—“Regulated Operations.” These actions may result in the recognition of revenues and expenses in time periods that are different from non-rate-regulated enterprises.
Currently, downstream releases are made at two locations. The next streamflow releases will be initiated by October 2024 and will affect two additional reservoirs. No groundwater supply wells are affected by the regulations. DEEP has finalized stream classifications in all areas of Connecticut where CWC maintains and operates sources of supply.
Currently, downstream releases are made at four locations. The next streamflow releases will be initiated by February 2028 and will affect two additional reservoirs. No groundwater supply wells are affected by the regulations. DEEP has finalized stream classifications in all areas of Connecticut where CWC maintains and operates sources of supply.
There can be no assurance that we can secure all necessary or appropriate insurance in the future, or that such insurance can be obtain at reasonable cost, or at all. General Risk Factors We operate in areas subject to natural disasters, and we may be the target of terrorist activities and other physical threats.
There can be no assurance that we can secure all necessary or appropriate insurance in the future, or that such insurance can be obtained at reasonable cost, or at all. 26 Table of Contents General Risk Factors We operate in areas subject to natural disasters, and we may be the target of terrorist activities and other physical threats.
Most of our unionized employees are represented by the UWUA, except certain employees in the engineering department who are represented by the OE. Only employees at SJWC are union members. The current three-year bargaining agreements will expire on December 31, 2025.
As of December 31, 2024, 241 of our 822 total employees were union members. Most of our unionized employees are represented by the UWUA, except certain employees in the engineering department who are represented by the OE. Only employees at SJWC are union members. The current three-year bargaining agreements will expire on December 31, 2025.
Rainfall and other weather conditions also affect Water Utility Services. Water consumption typically increases during the third quarter of each year when weather tends to be warm and dry. In periods of drought, if customers are encouraged or required to conserve water due to a shortage of water supply or restriction of use, revenue tends to be lower.
Water consumption typically increases during the third quarter of each year when weather tends to be warm and dry. In periods of drought, if customers are encouraged or required to conserve water due to a shortage of water supply or restriction of use, revenue tends to be lower.
Investors should also refer to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. Risks Relating To Regulatory and Legal Matters Our business is regulated and may be adversely affected by changes to the regulatory environment. Our Water Utility Services represent the tariffed operations of our regulated utilities.
Investors should also refer to the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. Risks Relating To Regulatory and Legal Matters Our business is regulated and may be adversely affected by changes to the regulatory environment.
These provisions could also make it more difficult for our stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions.
These provisions could also make it more difficult for our stockholders to remove or replace directors or take other corporate actions.
Furthermore, SJW Group’s Certificate of Incorporation provides that a state or federal court located within Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum (unless the company consents in writing to the selection of an alternate forum) for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of SJW Group, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of SJW Group to the company or its stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
Furthermore, SJW Group’s Certificate of Incorporation provides, unless the company consents in writing to the selection of an alternate forum, (a) a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of SJW Group, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of SJW Group to the company or its stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine; and (b) the U.S. federal district courts is the sole and exclusive forum for any claim arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (unless such provision is deemed illegal, invalid or unenforceable, in which case the sole exclusive state court forum for any claim arising under the Securities Act of 1933 will be the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware).
In addition, failure to comply with any of the covenants in our existing or future debt agreements could result in a default under those agreements and under other existing agreements containing cross-default provisions. A default would permit lenders to accelerate the maturity of indebtedness under these agreements.
Failure to comply with any of the covenants in our existing or future debt agreements could result in a default under those agreements and under other existing agreements containing cross-default provisions. A default would permit lenders to accelerate the maturity of indebtedness under these agreements, which would have an adverse effect on our business operations and financial condition.
Water Utility Services is subject to water quality and pollution control regulations issued by the EPA and environmental laws and regulations administered by the respective states and local regulatory agencies. 16 New or more stringent environmental and water quality regulations could increase Water Utility Services’ water quality compliance costs, hamper Water Utility Services’ available water supplies, and increase future capital expenditures.
New or more stringent environmental regulations could increase Water Utility Services’ operating costs and affect its business. Water Utility Services is subject to water quality and pollution control regulations issued by the EPA and environmental laws and regulations administered by the respective states and local regulatory agencies.
Additional or more stringent requirements may be adopted by each state. There can be no assurance that Water Utility Services will be able to continue to comply with all water quality requirements.
The final regulation requires water systems to comply with PFAS monitoring requirements by 2027, and to comply with the maximum contaminant levels by 2029. Additional or more stringent requirements may be adopted by each state. There can be no assurance that Water Utility Services will be able to continue to comply with all water quality requirements.
Under certain circumstances, we may not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations under our indebtedness, including principal and interest payments, which, if not cured, may cause an event of default. 22 Our senior note borrowings include certain financial covenants regarding a maximum debt to equity ratio and an interest coverage requirement.
Under certain circumstances, we may not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations under our indebtedness, including principal and interest payments, which, if not cured, may cause an event of default.
Competing entities have challenged, and may challenge in the future, our applications for new franchises. 18 Fluctuations in customer demand for water due to seasonality, restrictions of use, weather, and lifestyle can adversely affect operating results. Water Utility Services is seasonal, thus quarterly fluctuation in results of operations may be significant.
Fluctuations in customer demand for water due to seasonality, restrictions of use, weather, and lifestyle can adversely affect operating results. Water Utility Services is seasonal, thus quarterly fluctuation in results of operations may be significant. Rainfall and other weather conditions also affect Water Utility Services.
The insurance companies may also seek to challenge, reduce or deny any claims we submit, which may prevent us from recovering fully the losses we incurred.
As a result, we may sustain losses that exceed or are excluded from our insurance coverage or for which we are self-insured. The insurance companies may also seek to challenge, reduce or deny any claims we submit, which may prevent us from recovering fully the losses we incurred.
In the event the relevant borrower exceeds the maximum debt to equity ratio or interest coverage requirement, we may be restricted from issuing future debt.
Our borrowings include certain financial covenants regarding a maximum debt to equity ratio and an interest coverage requirement for us and certain subsidiaries. In the event the relevant borrower exceeds the maximum debt to equity ratio or interest coverage requirement, we may be restricted from issuing future debt.
Despite our efforts to comply with these laws, we may fail to do so, which may lead to investigations, claims, and proceedings by governmental entities and private parties, damages for breach, and cause us to incur other significant costs, penalties, and other liabilities, as well as harm to our reputation.
Any actual or perceived noncompliance with applicable data privacy or cybersecurity laws may lead to investigations, claims, and proceedings by governmental entities and private parties, damages for breach, and cause us to incur other significant costs, penalties, and other liabilities, as well as harm to our reputation.
Moreover, additional state privacy laws have been passed or may be passed in the future, and they may have potential compliance obligations that impact our operations depending on whether we fall under their scope. The effects of these laws have been significant, requiring us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur costs and expenses for compliance.
Moreover, additional federal and state privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations have been passed or may be passed in the future, and they may have potential compliance obligations that impact our operations depending on whether we fall under their scope.
Please refer to Part I, Item 1, “Regulation and Rates” for a discussion of the most recent regulatory proceedings affecting the rates of our regulated operations. Consequently, our revenue and operating results depend substantially upon the rates the Regulators authorize. In our applications for rate approvals, we rely upon estimates and forecasts to propose rates for approval by the Regulators.
Consequently, our revenue and operating results depend substantially upon the rates the Regulators authorize. In our applications for rate approvals, we rely upon estimates and forecasts to propose rates for approval by the Regulators.
Such “exclusive forum” provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with SJW Group or its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. 24 We may not be able to maintain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable costs, or at all, to cover all losses incurred in our operations.
Such “exclusive forum” provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with SJW Group or its directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits.
Labor actions, work stoppages or the threat of work stoppages, and our failure to obtain favorable labor contract terms during future negotiations may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. 21 If we fail to maintain safe work sites, we can be exposed to not only people impacts but also to financial losses such as penalties and other liabilities.
Labor actions, work stoppages or the threat of work stoppages, and our failure to obtain favorable labor contract terms during future negotiations may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
In addition, government policies, the state of the credit markets and other factors could result in increased interest rates, which would increase SJW Group’s cost of capital. Furthermore, equity financings may result in dilution to our existing stockholders and debt financings may contain covenants that restrict the actions of SJW Group and its subsidiaries.
In addition, government policies, the state of the credit markets and other factors could result in increased interest rates, which would increase SJW Group’s cost of capital.
Our safety record is critical to our reputation because our business operation involves inherently dangerous activities. We maintain health and safety standards to protect our employees, customers, vendors and the public. Although we intend to adhere to such health and safety standards and aim for zero injuries, it is difficult to avoid accidents at all times.
Although we intend to adhere to such health and safety standards and aim for zero injuries, it is difficult to avoid accidents at all times.
In this regard, the CTWS Entities are limited from paying dividends to us in certain circumstances under PURA and MPUC regulatory commitments. Any inability of our subsidiaries to pay us dividends may have a material and adverse effect on our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
Additionally, our subsidiaries may be subject to restrictions on their ability to pay dividends to us, including under state law, pursuant to regulatory commitments, and under their credit agreements and other debt instruments. In this regard, the CTWS Entities are limited from paying dividends to us in certain circumstances under PURA and MPUC regulatory commitments.
Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when these beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the cost of inflation is incurred. SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. have real estate holdings that are subject to various business and investment risks.
Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when these beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the cost of inflation is incurred. Work stoppages and other labor relations matters could adversely affect our business and operating results.
For example, severity of drought conditions may impact the availability of water to all Water Utility Services and rising sea levels and their effect on contributing tributary’s water quality may impact the availability of groundwater to Water Utility Services.
For example, severity of drought conditions may impact the availability of water to all Water Utility Services and rising sea levels and their effect on contributing tributary’s water quality may impact the availability of groundwater to Water Utility Services. 18 Table of Contents We may be at risk for litigation under the principle of inverse condemnation for activities in the normal course of business that have a damaging effect on private property.
New or more stringent environmental regulations could increase Water Utility Services’ operating costs and affect its business.
New or more stringent environmental and water quality regulations could increase Water Utility Services’ water quality compliance costs, hamper Water Utility Services’ available water supplies, and increase future capital expenditures.
We face competition from other utilities and service providers which might hinder our growth opportunities and mitigate our future profitability. We face risks of competition from other utilities or other entities authorized by federal, state or local agencies to expand rate-regulated or contracted utility services.
We face competition from other utilities and service providers which might hinder our growth opportunities and mitigate our future profitability. We face competition from other utilities and service providers which might hinder our growth opportunities and mitigate our future profitability.
We can give no assurance, as to whether we may be able to recover certain of these costs from third parties that may be responsible, or potentially responsible, for any groundwater contamination. We face competition from other utilities and service providers which might hinder our growth opportunities and mitigate our future profitability.
We can give no assurance, as to whether we may be able to recover certain of these costs from third parties that may be responsible, or potentially responsible, for any groundwater contamination. The concentration of our business in California and Connecticut makes us susceptible to adverse developments affecting these two states.
Our operating revenue is generated primarily from the sale of water at rates authorized by applicable state public utility commissions (the “Regulators”). The Regulators set rates that are intended to provide revenues sufficient to recover normal operating expenses, provide funds for replacement of water infrastructure and produce a fair and reasonable return on stockholder common equity.
The Regulators set rates that are intended to provide revenues sufficient to recover normal operating expenses, provide funds for replacement of water infrastructure and produce a fair and reasonable return on stockholder common equity. Please refer to Part I, Item 1, “Regulation and Rates” for a discussion of the most recent regulatory proceedings affecting the rates of our regulated operations.
The CCPA also establishes statutory damages for victims of data security breaches, and provides additional rights for consumers to obtain their data from any business that has their personally identifying information. We are anticipating updated and finalized implementing regulations under the CCPA that may impact our compliance obligations.
The CCPA requires, among other things, covered companies to provide enhanced disclosures to California consumers and to afford such consumers certain privacy rights and consumer protections. The CCPA also establishes statutory damages for victims of data security breaches, and provides additional rights for consumers to obtain their data from any business that has their personally identifying information.
Expenditure levels for renewal and modernization of the system will grow at an increasing rate as components reach the end of their useful lives.
Expenditure levels for renewal and modernization of the system will grow at an increasing rate as components reach the end of their useful lives. In addition, EPA regulations impose maximum contaminant levels and monitoring requirements for the nation’s water systems for six PFAS chemicals under the Safe Drinking Water Act and will require an increase in capital expenditures.
No assurance can be given that our estimates and forecasts will be accurate or that the Regulators will agree with our estimates and forecasts and approve our proposed rates. To the extent our authorized rates may be too low, revenues may be insufficient to cover Water Utility Services’ operating expenses, capital requirements and SJW Group’s historical dividend rate.
No assurance can be given that our estimates and forecasts will be accurate or that the Regulators will agree with our estimates and forecasts and approve our proposed rates.
Once a state utility regulator grants a franchise to a public utility to serve a specific territory, that utility effectively has an exclusive right to service that territory. Although a new franchise offers some protection against competitors, the pursuit of franchises is often competitive, where new franchises may be awarded to utilities based upon competitive negotiation.
Although a new franchise offers some protection against competitors, the pursuit of franchises is often competitive, where new franchises may be awarded to utilities based upon competitive negotiation. Competing entities have challenged, and may challenge in the future, our applications for new franchises.
We maintain insurance coverage as part of our overall legal and risk management strategy to minimize potential liabilities arising from our operations. Our insurance programs have varying coverage limits, deductibles, exclusions and maximums, and our insurance coverages include: worker’s compensation, employer’s liability, damage to our property, general liability, pollution liability, cybersecurity, and automobile liability.
Our insurance programs have varying coverage limits, deductibles, exclusions and maximums, and our insurance coverages include: worker’s compensation, employer’s liability, damage to our property, general liability, pollution liability, cybersecurity, and automobile liability. Each policy includes either deductibles or self-insured retentions and policy limits for covered claims.
Our profitability and cash flow could be affected negatively in the event these systems do not operate effectively or are breached. Further, the use of AI by cybercriminals may increase the frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks, including against us or our third-party vendors.
The use of artificial intelligence by cybercriminals may increase the frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks, including against us or our third-party vendors. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to entirely eliminate this risk.
We have incurred substantial additional indebtedness that may reduce our business and operational flexibility and increase our borrowing costs.
Furthermore, equity financings may result in dilution to our existing stockholders and debt financings may contain covenants that restrict the actions of SJW Group and its subsidiaries. 23 Table of Contents We have incurred substantial additional indebtedness that may reduce our business and operational flexibility and increase our borrowing costs.
In addition, we must comply with privacy laws such as The California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (collectively, the “CCPA”). The CCPA requires, among other things, covered companies to provide enhanced disclosures to California consumers and to afford such consumers certain privacy rights and consumer protections.
These risks may escalate during periods of heightened geopolitical tension. In addition, we must comply with privacy laws such as The California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (collectively, the “CCPA”).
The board of directors of SJW Group may, in its sole discretion, change the amount or frequency of dividends or discontinue the payment of dividends entirely. In addition, our subsidiaries may be subject to restrictions on their ability to pay dividends to us, including under state law, pursuant to regulatory commitments and under their credit agreements and other debt instruments.
The board of directors of SJW Group may, in its sole discretion, change the amount or frequency of dividends or discontinue the payment of dividends entirely. 25 Table of Contents SJW Group is a holding company that depends on cash flow from its subsidiaries to meet its financial obligations and pay dividends on its common stock.
In addition, delays in approving rate increases may negatively affect our operating results and operating cash flows.
To the extent our authorized rates may be too low, revenues may be insufficient to 16 Table of Contents cover Water Utility Services’ operating expenses, capital requirements and SJW Group’s historical dividend rate. In addition, delays in approving rate increases may negatively affect our operating results and operating cash flows.
Removed
We may be at risk for litigation under the principle of inverse condemnation for activities in the normal course of business that have a damaging effect on private property.
Added
Our Water Utility Services primarily represent the tariffed operations of our regulated utilities. Our operating revenue is generated primarily from the sale of water at rates authorized by applicable state public utility commissions (the “Regulators”).
Removed
We are also subject to Connecticut’s Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring, a similar law that took effect July 1, 2023, and will be subject to Texas Data Privacy and Security Act, a consumer privacy law that will be effective July 1, 2024.
Added
For example, in April 2024, the EPA issued new national primary drinking water regulations for PFAS. The regulations impose maximum contaminant levels and monitoring requirements for the nation’s water system for six PFAS chemicals under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Removed
SJW Land Company owns real estate in California and Tennessee, and Chester Realty, Inc. owns real estate in Connecticut.
Added
While SJW Group operates in multiple states, a significant majority of our revenues and earnings are generated by our California and Connecticut operations. As a result, our financial results are largely subject to political, regulatory, economic, water supply, weather, labor, and energy cost risks affecting California and Connecticut.
Removed
The risks of investing directly in real estate vary depending on the investment strategy and investment objective and include the following: • Market and general economic risks—real estate investment is tied to overall domestic economic growth and, therefore, carries market risk which cannot be eliminated by diversification.
Added
We face risks of competition from other utilities or other entities authorized by federal, state or local agencies to expand rate-regulated or contracted utility services. Once a state utility regulator grants a franchise to a public utility to serve a specific territory, that utility effectively has an exclusive right to service that territory.
Removed
Generally, all property types benefit from national economic growth, though the benefits range according to local factors, such as local supply and demand and job creation. Because real estate leases are typically staggered and last for multiple years, there is generally a delayed effect in the performance of real estate in relation to the overall economy.
Added
Our profitability and cash flow could be affected negatively in the event these systems do not operate effectively or are breached. We also rely on third-party technology vendors for critical services, including data hosting and infrastructure support. A failure or breach by these vendors could also expose our systems and sensitive information to unauthorized access or disruption.
Removed
This delayed effect can insulate or deteriorate the financial impact to SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. in a downturn or an improved economic environment. • Vacancy rates can climb and market rents can be impacted and weakened by general economic forces, therefore affecting income to SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. • A decrease in the value of a real estate property or increase in vacancy could result in reduced future cash flows to amounts below the property’s current carrying value and could result in an impairment charge.
Added
Further, ransomware and other forms of disruptive or disabling cyber-attacks targeting utility systems and other infrastructure are continuously increasing in sophistication, 21 Table of Contents magnitude and frequency, and may not be recognized until launched against a target.
Removed
The value of real estate can decrease materially due to a deflationary market, decline in rental income, market cycle of supply and demand, long lag time in real estate development, legislative and governmental actions, environmental concerns, increases in rates of returns demanded by investors, and fluctuation of interest rates, eroding any unrealized capital appreciation and, potentially, invested capital.
Added
We are anticipating updated and finalized implementing regulations under the CCPA that may impact our compliance obligations. We are also subject to other comprehensive state privacy laws with similar obligations, including the Connecticut Data Privacy Act and the Texas Data Privacy and Security Act.

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity — threats and controls disclosure

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In addition, noncompliance could expose us to liability and adversely 26 affect business operations,” and “We may not be able to maintain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable costs, or at all, to cover all losses incurred in our operations.” Cybersecurity Governance We have implemented an internal risk assessment process that focuses on the principal risks that have been identified for us, including risks associated with our regulatory environment, business operations and continuity, compliance requirements, information technology and data storage and retrieval facilities, cyber risk, insurance coverage.
In addition, noncompliance could expose us to liability and adversely affect business operations,” and “We may not be able to maintain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable costs, or at all, to cover all losses incurred in our operations.” Cybersecurity Governance We have implemented an internal risk assessment process that focuses on the principal risks that have been identified for us, including risks associated with our regulatory environment, business operations and continuity, compliance requirements, information technology and data storage and retrieval facilities, cyber risk, insurance coverage.
Our Vice President, Information Security Officer, and his team is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture, and processes, with the support of third-party experts. The Vice President, Information Security Officer has over 30 years of experience in information technology of which over 20 years is in cybersecurity, with industry experience in utilities, banking and e-commerce.
Our Vice President, Information Security Officer, and his team is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture, and processes, with the support of third-party experts.
Added
The Vice President, Information Security Officer has over 30 years of experience in information technology of which over 20 years is in cybersecurity, with industry experience in utilities, banking and e-commerce. 28 Table of Contents

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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In general, the property is comprised of franchise rights, water rights, necessary rights-of-way, approximately 6,400 acres of land held in fee (which is primarily non-developable watershed), impounding reservoirs with a capacity of approximately 2.3 billion gallons, 2,492 miles of transmission and distribution mains, distribution storage of approximately 0.20 billion gallons, wells, boosting facilities, diversions, surface water treatment plants, equipment, office buildings and other property necessary to provide water service to its customers.
In general, the property is comprised of franchise rights, water rights, necessary rights-of-way, approximately 6,400 acres of land held in fee (which is primarily non-developable watershed), impounding reservoirs with a capacity of approximately 2.3 billion gallons, 2,487 miles of transmission and distribution mains, distribution storage of approximately 0.20 billion gallons, wells, boosting facilities, diversions, surface water treatment plants, equipment, office buildings and other property necessary to provide water service to its customers.
The properties of CTWS consist of land, easements, rights (including water rights), buildings, reservoirs with a capacity of approximately 9.4 billion gallons, standpipes, dams, wells, supply lines, water treatment plants, pumping plants, 2,317 miles of transmission and distribution mains and other facilities and equipment used for the collection, purification, storage and distribution of water throughout Connecticut and Maine.
The properties of CTWS consist of land, easements, rights (including water rights), buildings, reservoirs with a capacity of approximately 9.4 billion gallons, standpipes, dams, wells, supply lines, water treatment plants, pumping plants, 2,331 miles of transmission and distribution mains and other facilities and equipment used for the collection, purification, storage and distribution of water throughout Connecticut and Maine.
The properties of TWC consist of land, easements, rights (including water rights), buildings, reservoirs, standpipes, wells, supply lines, water treatment plants, pumping plants, 818 miles of transmission and distribution mains and other facilities and equipment used for the collection, purification, storage and distribution of water throughout its service area.
The properties of TWC consist of land, easements, rights (including water rights), buildings, reservoirs, standpipes, wells, supply lines, water treatment plants, pumping plants, 826 miles of transmission and distribution mains and other facilities and equipment used for the collection, purification, storage and distribution of water throughout its service area.
TWC has contracts for 2 billion gallons of untreated surface water and 0.24 billion gallons of treated surface water from the GBRA annually, and 0.11 billion gallons of treated surface water from LCRA. TWC owns and operates three surface water treatment plants with a combined production capacity of 9 million gallons per day.
TWC has contracts for 2 billion gallons of untreated surface water and 0.48 billion gallons of treated surface water from the GBRA annually, and 0.11 billion gallons of treated surface water from LCRA. TWC owns and operates three surface water treatment plants with a combined production capacity of 9 million gallons per day.
The surface water collection system has a physical delivery capacity of approximately 0.03 billion gallons per day. During 2023, a maximum and average of 0.13 billion gallons and 0.09 billion gallons of water per day, respectively, were delivered to the system.
The surface water collection system has a physical delivery capacity of approximately 0.04 billion gallons per day. During 2024, a maximum and average of 0.13 billion gallons and 0.09 billion gallons of water per day, respectively, were delivered to the system.
As of December 31, 2023, SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. own approximately 101 acres of property in the State of California, 55 acres of property in the State of Tennessee and 23 acres of property in State of Connecticut.
As of December 31, 2024, SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. own approximately 101 acres of property in the State of California and 23 acres of property in State of Connecticut.
TWC maintains 87 storage tanks with a total storage capacity of 0.02 billion gallons. TWC owns and operates four wastewater treatment plants with a combined capacity of 293,500 gallons per day. In August 2023, TWR acquired eight wells and the water rights of KT Water Resources LLC.
TWC maintains 89 storage tanks with a total storage capacity of 0.02 billion gallons. TWC owns and operates four wastewater treatment plants with a combined capacity of 337,000 gallons per day. In August 2023, TWR acquired eight wells and the water rights of KTR.
These wells have been projected to yield an additional 2.0 billion gallons per year or more. 27 Water Utility Services hold all of its principal properties in fee simple, subject to current tax and assessment liens, rights-of-way, easements, and certain minor defects in title which do not materially affect their use.
Water Utility Services hold all of its principal properties in fee simple, subject to current tax and assessment liens, rights-of-way, easements, and certain minor defects in title which do not materially affect their use. A substantial portion of treatment, storage and distribution properties owned by MWC are subject to indentures that secure bonds, notes and other evidence of long-term indebtedness.
Removed
A substantial portion of treatment, storage and distribution properties owned by MWC are subject to liens of mortgage or indentures that secure bonds, notes and other evidences of long-term indebtedness.
Added
During the third quarter of 2024, TWC purchased these assets from TWR for use in utility operations. These wells have been projected to yield an additional 6,000 acre-feet per year or more.
Removed
The following table is a summary of SJW Land Company and Chester Realty, Inc. properties described previously: % for Year Ended December 31, 2023 of Real Estate Services Description Location Acreage Square Footage Revenue Expense Warehouse building Knoxville, TN 30 361,500 52 % 47 % Commercial building Knoxville, TN 15 135,000 47 % 52 % Undeveloped land and parking lot Knoxville, TN 10 N/A N/A N/A Undeveloped land San Jose, CA 101 N/A N/A N/A Commercial building Clinton, CT 22 9,000 1 % 1 % Commercial building Guilford, CT 1 1,300 — % — %

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings SJW Group and its subsidiaries are subject to ordinary routine litigation incidental to its business. In October 2023, The Connecticut Water Company, a subsidiary of SJW Group, was named as a defendant in a class action lawsuit alleging that the water provided by Connecticut Water contained contaminants.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings SJW Group and its subsidiaries are subject to ordinary routine litigation incidental to its business. In October 2023, CWC, a subsidiary of SJW Group, was named as a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit alleging that the water provided by CWC 29 Table of Contents contained contaminants.
Removed
Connecticut Water intends to vigorously defend itself in this lawsuit. There are no pending legal proceedings to which SJW Group or any of its subsidiaries is a party, or to which any of its properties is the subject, that are expected to have a material effect on SJW Group’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Added
The case is currently pending in the State of Connecticut Superior Court. CWC is vigorously defending itself in this lawsuit.
Added
SJWC and CWC are plaintiffs in a lawsuit against manufacturers of certain PFAS compounds for damages, contribution and reimbursement of costs incurred and continuing to be incurred to address the presence of such PFAS compounds in public water supply systems owned and operated by these utility subsidiaries and throughout their respective service areas.
Added
The lawsuit is part of Multi-District Litigation (“MDL”), that commenced on December 7, 2018, in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina. MWC has submitted timely claims as a settlement class member.
Added
On February 8, 2024, the MDL court approved settlements involving defendants The Chemours Company, Corteva, Inc., and DuPont de Nemours, Inc. to resolve claims brought in the MDL against them by public water systems, including SJWC and CWC. On March 29, 2024, the MDL court approved a similar settlement involving defendant 3M.
Added
On November 22, 2024, the MDL court approved settlements involving defendants Tyco Fire Products LP, Chemgaurd, Inc., and BASF Corporation. SJW Group is monitoring and evaluating the ongoing litigation and settlement activity with the PFAS manufacturers for potential impacts to the various claims that these utility subsidiaries have asserted.

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Five-Year Performance Graph The following performance graph compares the changes in the cumulative stockholder return on SJW Group’s common stock with the cumulative total return on a Water Utility Index and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index during the last five years ended December 31, 2023.
Five-Year Performance Graph The following performance graph compares the changes in the cumulative stockholder return on SJW Group’s common stock with the cumulative total return on a Water Utility Index and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index during the last five years ended December 31, 2024.
The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2018 in SJW Group’s common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends.
The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2019 in SJW Group’s common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends.
COMPARISON OF FIVE YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Among SJW Group, a Water Utility Index and the S&P 500 Index The following descriptive data of the performance graph is supplied in accordance with Rule 304(d) of Regulation S-T (numbers represent U.S. dollars ($)): 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 SJW Group $ 100 130 130 139 158 130 Water Utility Index $ 100 140 162 201 173 155 S&P 500 Index $ 100 131 156 200 164 207 The Water Utility Index is the nine water company Water Utility Index (including CTWS up to the time of its merger with SJW Group) prepared by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.
COMPARISON OF FIVE YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Among SJW Group, a Water Utility Index and the S&P 500 Index The following descriptive data of the performance graph is supplied in accordance with Rule 304(d) of Regulation S-T (numbers represent U.S. dollars ($)): 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 SJW Group 100 100 107 122 100 77 Water Utility Index 100 115 144 123 111 106 S&P 500 Index 100 118 152 125 158 197 The Water Utility Index is the eight water company Water Utility Index prepared by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information SJW Group’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “SJW.” As of December 31, 2023, there were 271 record holders of SJW Group’s common stock, excluding those shares held in street or nominee name.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Since November 8, 2024, SJW Group’s common stock has been trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SJW.” Prior to November 8, 2024, SJW Group’s common stock was traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
Added
As of February 20, 2025, there were 255 record holders of SJW Group’s common stock, excluding those shares held in street or nominee name.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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Valley Water determines the groundwater extraction charge and it is applied on a per unit basis. In addition to the Valley Water groundwater extraction charge, SJWC also incurs power costs to pump the groundwater from the basin. CWC has an agreement with the RWA to purchase water.
Valley Water determines the groundwater extraction charge and it is applied on a per unit basis. In addition to the Valley Water groundwater extraction charge, SJWC also incurs power costs to pump the groundwater from the basin. CWC has an agreement with RWA to purchase water.
Business Strategy for Water Utility Services SJW Group focuses its business initiatives in three strategic areas: (1) Investing in regional regulated water utility operations to support the health, safety and quality of life of our customers; (2) Regional non-tariffed water utility related services provided in accordance with the guidelines established by the applicable state public utility commissions; and (3) Out-of-region water and utility related services.
Business Strategy SJW Group focuses its business initiatives in three strategic areas: (1) Investing in regional regulated water utility operations to support the health, safety and quality of life of our customers; (2) Regional non-tariffed water utility related services provided in accordance with the guidelines established by the applicable state public utility commissions; and (3) Out-of-region water and utility related services.
For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” SJW Group’s critical accounting policies are as follows: Recognition of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities Generally accepted accounting principles for water utilities include the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities as permitted by ASC Topic 980.
For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” SJW Group’s critical accounting estimates are as follows: Recognition of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities Generally accepted accounting principles for water utilities include the recognition of regulatory assets and liabilities as permitted by ASC Topic 980.
Water Utility Services has implemented monitoring activities and installed specific water 33 treatment improvements enabling it to comply with existing maximum contaminant levels and plan for compliance with future drinking water regulations. However, the EPA and the respective state agencies have continuing authority to issue additional regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
Water Utility Services has implemented monitoring activities and installed specific water treatment improvements enabling it to comply with existing maximum contaminant levels and plan for compliance with future drinking water regulations. However, the EPA and the respective state agencies have continuing authority to issue additional regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
In periods of drought, if customers are encouraged or required to conserve water due to a shortage of supply or restriction of use, revenue tends to be lower. Water use restrictions may be imposed at a regional or state level and may affect our service areas regardless of our readiness to meet 34 unrestricted customer demands.
In periods of drought, if customers are encouraged or required to conserve water due to a shortage of supply or restriction of use, revenue tends to be lower. Water use restrictions may be imposed at a regional or state level and may affect our service areas regardless of our readiness to meet unrestricted customer demands.
All of SJW Group’s and subsidiaries’ lines of credit contain customary representations, warranties and events of default, as well as certain restrictive covenants customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on indebtedness, liens, acquisitions 41 and investments, restricted payments, asset sales, and fundamental changes.
All of SJW Group’s and subsidiaries’ lines of credit contain customary representations, warranties and events of default, as well as certain restrictive covenants customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on indebtedness, liens, acquisitions and investments, restricted payments, asset sales, and fundamental changes.
TWC has long-term contracts with the GBRA. The agreements expire in 2037, 2040, 2044 and 2050. The agreements, which are take-or-pay contracts, provide TWC with 7,650 acre-feet per year of water supply from Canyon Lake. The water rate may be adjusted by GBRA at any time, provided GBRA gives TWC a 60-day written notice on the proposed adjustment.
TWC has long-term contracts with the GBRA. The agreements expire in 2037, 2040, 2044 and 2050. The agreements, which are take-or-pay contracts, provide TWC with 7,602 acre-feet per year of water supply from Canyon Lake. The water rate may be adjusted by GBRA at any time, provided GBRA gives TWC a 60-day written notice on the proposed adjustment.
The rate charged by the MDC at December 31, 2023 were three dollars and eighty cents per hundred cubic feet. MWC has an agreement with the Kennebec Water District for potable water service. The agreement has been in place for 20 years and was extended on November 7, 2020 for a new term of up to 20 years.
The rate charged by the MDC at December 31, 2024 were three dollars and eighty cents per hundred cubic feet. MWC has an agreement with the Kennebec Water District for potable water service. The agreement has been in place for 20 years and was extended on November 7, 2020 for a new term of up to 20 years.
While our ability to obtain financing will continue to be a risk, we believe that based on our 2023 and 2022 activities, we will have access to the external funding sources necessary to implement our ongoing capital investment programs in the future. SJW Group, CTWS and CWC were put on negative watch on September 19, 2023.
While our ability to obtain financing will continue to be a risk, we believe that based on our 2024 and 2023 activities, we will have access to the external funding sources necessary to implement our ongoing capital investment programs in the future. SJW Group, CTWS and CWC were put on negative watch on September 19, 2023.
Similarly, in unusually wet periods, water supply tends to be higher and customer demand tends to be lower, again resulting in lower revenues. SJWC believes that its various sources of water supply, which consists of groundwater from wells, surface water from watershed run-off and diversion, reclaimed water, and purchased imported water, will be sufficient to meet customer demand for 2024.
Similarly, in unusually wet periods, water supply tends to be higher and customer demand tends to be lower, again resulting in lower revenues. SJWC believes that its various sources of water supply, which consists of groundwater from wells, surface water from watershed run-off and diversion, reclaimed water, and purchased imported water, will be sufficient to meet customer demand for 2025.
MWC guarantees a minimum consumption of 50 million gallons of water annually. Water sales to MWC are billed at a wholesale discount of twenty cents per hundred cubic feet of water below Kennebec Water District's tariffed rates. The current tariff rate was one dollar and fifty-one cents per hundred cubic feet as of December 31, 2023.
MWC guarantees a minimum consumption of 50 million gallons of water annually. Water sales to MWC are billed at a wholesale discount of twenty cents per hundred cubic feet of water below Kennebec Water District's tariffed rates. The current tariff rate was one dollar and fifty-one cents per hundred cubic feet as of December 31, 2024.
CWC has agreed to purchase 0.28 billion gallons of water annually from MDC at the published retail rate, three dollars and eighty cents per hundred cubic feet as of December 31, 2023. MWC has an agreement with the Kennebec Water District for potable water service.
CWC has agreed to purchase 0.28 billion gallons of water annually from MDC at the published retail rate, three dollars and eighty cents per hundred cubic feet as of December 31, 2024. MWC has an agreement with the Kennebec Water District for potable water service.
In addition, CWC has the option, but is under no obligation, to purchase up to one million gallons of water per day at the then current wholesale rates per the agreement ($3.1 million per billion gallons as of December 31, 2023). CWC has an agreement with the MDC to purchase water from MDC to serve the Unionville system.
In addition, CWC has the option, but is under no obligation, to purchase up to one million gallons of water per day at the then current wholesale rates per the agreement ($3.1 million per billion gallons as of December 31, 2024). CWC has an agreement with the MDC to purchase water from MDC to serve the Unionville system.
TWC also has raw water supply agreements with the LCRA and WTPUA expiring in 2059 and 2046, respectively, to provide for 350 acre-feet of water per year from Lake Austin and the Colorado River, respectively, at prices that may be adjusted periodically by the agencies.
TWC also has raw water supply agreements with the LCRA and WTCPUA expiring in 2059 and 2046, respectively, to provide for 350 acre-feet of water per year from Lake Austin and the Colorado River, respectively, at prices that may be adjusted periodically by the agencies.
The agreement was signed in April 2006 and became effective upon the receipt of all regulatory approvals in 2008 and will remain in effect for a minimum of fifty years upon becoming effective. CWC will pay RWA $75 per year as part of a capacity agreement, for a total of 14 years, starting on the effective date of the agreement.
The agreement was signed in April 2006 and became effective upon the receipt of all regulatory approvals in 2008 and will remain in effect for a minimum of 50 years upon becoming effective. CWC will pay RWA $75 per year as part of a capacity agreement, for a total of 14 years, starting on the effective date of the agreement.
TWC also has raw water supply agreements with the LCRA and WTPUA expiring in 2059 and 2046, respectively, for 350 acre-feet of water per each agreement per year from Lake Austin and the Colorado River, respectively, at prices that may be adjusted periodically by the agencies.
TWC also has raw water supply agreements with the LCRA and WTCPUA expiring in 2059 and 2046, respectively, for 350 acre-feet of water per each agreement per year from Lake Austin and the Colorado River, respectively, at prices that may be adjusted periodically by the agencies.
For additional information, see Note 6 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” Equity Financing Arrangements On March 1, 2023, SJW Group entered into Amendment No. 1 to the equity distribution agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”), dated November 17, 2021, between SJW Group and J.P.
For additional information, see Note 6 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” Equity Financing Arrangements In March 2023, SJW Group entered into Amendment No. 1 to the equity distribution agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”), dated November 17, 2021, between SJW Group and J.P.
All of the lines of credit also include certain customary financial covenants such as a funded debt to capitalization ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. As of December 31, 2023, SJW Group and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants on their lines of credit.
All of the lines of credit also include certain customary financial covenants such as a funded debt to capitalization ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. As of December 31, 2024, SJW Group and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants on their lines of credit.
If SJW Group determines that as a result of the qualitative assessment it is more likely than not (> 50% likelihood) that the fair value is less than carrying amount, then a quantitative test is performed. SJW Group performed an impairment analysis as of October 1, 2023.
If SJW Group determines that as a result of the qualitative assessment it is more likely than not (> 50% likelihood) that the fair value is less than carrying amount, then a quantitative test is performed. SJW Group performed an impairment analysis as of October 1, 2024.
When such evidence provides sufficient support, the balances are recorded in SJW Group’s financial statements. It is typical for the CPUC to incorporate any over-collected and/or under-collected balances in balancing or memorandum accounts into customer rates at the time rate decisions are made as part of SJWC’s general rate case proceedings by assessing temporary sur-credits and/or surcharges.
When such evidence provides sufficient support, the balances are recorded in SJW Group’s financial statements. It is typical for the CPUC to incorporate any over-collected and/or under-collected balances in balancing or memorandum accounts into customer rates at the time rate decisions are made as part of SJWC’s general rate case proceedings by assessing temporary surcredits and/or surcharges.
The agreements, which are take-or-pay contracts, provide TWC with an aggregate of 7,650 acre-feet of water per year from Canyon Lake at prices that may be adjusted periodically by GBRA.
The agreements, which are take-or-pay contracts, provide TWC with an aggregate of 7,602 acre-feet of water per year from Canyon Lake at prices that may be adjusted periodically by GBRA.
Future payments may fluctuate depending on the life span of the retirees and as current officers and executives retire. CTWS’s other benefit obligations include employees’ postretirement benefits, supplemental executive retirement agreements and deferred compensation agreements and plan.
Future payments may fluctuate depending on the life span of the retirees and as current officers and executives retire. CWC’s other benefit obligations include employees’ postretirement benefits, supplemental executive retirement agreements and deferred compensation agreements and plan.
The agreement became effective on October 6, 2000 and has a term of fifty years beginning May 19, 2003, the date the water supply facilities related to the agreement were placed in service.
The agreement became effective on October 6, 2000 and has a term of 50 years beginning May 19, 2003, the date the water supply facilities related to the agreement were placed in service.
For additional information on SJW Group’s lines of credit, see Note 5 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” Long-term Financing Arrangements SJW Group’s and its subsidiaries’ long-term debt activities are for purposes of refinancing short-term borrowings, funding capital expenditures and working capital, and repayments of maturing long-term debt.
For additional information on SJW Group’s lines of credit, see Note 5 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” 44 Table of Contents Long-term Financing Arrangements SJW Group’s and its subsidiaries’ long-term debt activities are for purposes of refinancing short-term borrowings, funding capital expenditures and working capital, and repayments of maturing long-term debt.
The agreement was signed in April 2006 and became effective upon the receipt of all regulatory approvals in 2008 and will remain in effect for a minimum of fifty years upon becoming effective.
The agreement was signed in April 2006 and became effective upon the receipt of all regulatory approvals in 2008 and will remain in effect for a minimum of 50 years upon becoming effective.
The factors SJW Group considers in evaluating such opportunities include: • Potential profitability; • Regulatory environment; • Additional growth opportunities within the region; • Water supply, water quality and environmental issues; • Capital requirements; • General economic conditions; and • Synergy potential. 30 As part of our pursuit of the above three strategic areas, we consider from time-to-time opportunities to acquire businesses and assets.
The factors SJW Group considers in evaluating such opportunities include: • Potential profitability; • Regulatory environment; • Additional growth opportunities within the region; • Water supply, water quality and environmental issues; • Capital requirements; • General economic conditions; and • Synergy potential. 32 Table of Contents As part of our pursuit of the above three strategic areas, we consider from time-to-time opportunities to acquire businesses and assets.
Dividends have been paid on SJW Group’s and its predecessor’s common stock for 321 consecutive quarters and the annual dividend amount has increased in each of the last 56 years. While historically SJW Group has generally paid dividends equal to approximately 50% to 60% of its net income, SJW Group cannot guarantee that this trend will continue in the future.
Dividends have been paid on SJW Group’s and its predecessor’s common stock for 325 consecutive quarters and the annual dividend amount has increased in each of the last 57 years. While historically SJW Group has generally paid dividends equal to approximately 50% to 60% of its net income, SJW Group cannot guarantee that this trend will continue in the future.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
To address regulatory risk due to regulatory lag and changing legislation policies and regulations, rate cases may be filed as necessary in Texas, provided there is no current rate case outstanding. Further, rate cases may not be filed more frequently than once every 12 months. Additionally, to mitigate regulatory lag for capital improvements, Texas seeks to implement its first SIC.
To address regulatory risk due to regulatory lag and changing legislation policies and regulations, rate cases may be filed as necessary in Texas, provided there is no current rate case outstanding. Further, rate cases may not be filed more frequently than once every 12 months. Additionally, to mitigate regulatory lag for capital improvements, Texas has implemented its first SIC.
These expenses include power, which is used to operate pumps and other equipment, purchased water and groundwater extraction charges. For 2023, production expenses accounted for 49% of our total operating expenses. Price increases associated with these production inputs would adversely impact our results of operations until rate relief is granted.
These expenses include power, which is used to operate pumps and other equipment, purchased water and groundwater extraction charges. For 2024, production expenses accounted for 51% of our total operating expenses. Price increases associated with these production inputs would adversely impact our results of operations until rate relief is granted.
SJWC’s other benefit obligations include employees’ and directors’ postretirement benefits, an Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan, Cash Balance Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan, Special Deferral Election Plan and Deferral Election Program for non-employee directors. Under these benefit plans, SJWC is committed to pay approximately $1,909 annually to former officers and directors.
SJWC’s other benefit obligations include employees’ and directors’ postretirement benefits, an Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan, Cash Balance Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan, Special Deferral Election Plan and Deferral Election Program for non-employee directors. Under these benefit plans, SJWC is committed to pay approximately $2,176 annually to former officers and directors.
Future payments may fluctuate depending on the contribution rates of employees into the deferred compensation plan and the life span of the retirees and as current officers and executives retire. Under these benefit plans, CTWS is committed to pay approximately $1,678 annually to former officers and directors.
Future payments may fluctuate depending on the contribution rates of employees into the deferred compensation plan and the life span of the retirees and as current officers and executives retire. Under these benefit plans, CWC is committed to pay approximately $1,332, annually to former officers and directors.
Water Usage Per Customer Fluctuations in customer demand for water could be due to seasonality, restrictions of use, weather or lifestyle choices, all of which could affect Water Utility Services’ results of operations.
Water Usage Per Customer Fluctuations in customer demand for water could be due to seasonality, restrictions of use, weather or lifestyle choices, all of which could affect our results of operations.
SJW Group and its subsidiaries have unsecured bank lines of credit totaling $350,000 as of December 31, 2023. Drawdowns on our lines of credit are restricted by our funded debt not exceeding a percent of total capitalization as defined in our debt covenants.
SJW Group and its subsidiaries have unsecured bank lines of credit totaling $350,000 as of December 31, 2024. Drawdowns on our lines of credit are restricted by our funded debt not exceeding a percentage of total capitalization as defined in our debt covenants.
CWC and MWC believes that they will be able to meet customer demand for 2024 with their existing water supply which consists of groundwater from wells, surface water in reservoirs and purchased water treated by neighboring water utilities.
CWC and MWC believe that they will be able to meet customer demand for 2025 with their existing water supply which consists of groundwater from wells, surface water in reservoirs and purchased water treated by neighboring water utilities.
In addition, CWC is able, but under no obligation, to purchase up to one million gallons of water per day at the then current wholesale rates per the agreement, $3.1 million per billion gallons as of December 31, 2023. CWC has an agreement with The Metropolitan District (“MDC”) to purchase water from MDC to serve the Unionville system.
In addition, CWC is able, but under no obligation, to purchase up to one million gallons of water per day at the then-current wholesale rates per the agreement, $3.1 million per billion gallons as of December 31, 2024. CWC has an agreement with MDC to purchase water from MDC to serve the Unionville system.
In addition, the credit agreements contain customary representations and warranties and are subject to customary events of default, which may result in the outstanding debt becoming immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2023, SJW Group and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants related to its long-term debt agreements.
In addition, the credit agreements contain customary representations and warranties and are subject to customary events of default, which may result 45 Table of Contents in the outstanding debt becoming immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2024, SJW Group and its subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants related to its long-term debt agreements.
The pension balancing account is intended to capture the difference between actual pension expense and the amount approved in rates by the CPUC. The general rate case true-up accounts are a result of revenue shortfalls authorized for collection or refund by the CPUC due to delayed rate case and cost of capital decisions.
The pension and group health insurance balancing accounts are intended to capture the difference between actual expense and the amount approved in rates by the CPUC. The general rate case true-up accounts are a result of revenue shortfalls authorized for collection or refund by the CPUC due to delayed rate case and cost of capital decisions.
Forty active production wells located in a Comal Trinity Groundwater Conservation District, a regulated portion of the Trinity aquifer, are charged a groundwater pump tax based upon usage. In August 2023, SJWTX Holdings Inc.’s unregulated subsidiary, TWR acquired eight wells and the water rights of KTR.
Forty active production wells located in a Comal Trinity Groundwater Conservation District, a regulated portion of the Trinity aquifer, are charged a groundwater pump tax based upon usage. In August 2023, SJWTX Holdings Inc.’s unregulated subsidiary, TWR, acquired eight wells and the water rights of KTR, for a total cost of $40,061.
The agreement became effective on October 6, 2000 and has a term of fifty years beginning May 19, 2003, the date the water supply facilities related to the agreement were placed in service. CWC has agreed to purchase 0.28 billion gallons of water annually from MDC.
The agreement became effective on October 6, 2000 and has a term of 50 years beginning May 19, 2003, the date the water supply facilities related to the 47 Table of Contents agreement were placed in service. CWC has agreed to purchase 0.28 billion gallons of water annually from MDC.
The contractual cost of the groundwater extraction charge for water pumped from the ground basin was $6.058 million, $5.290 million and $4.600 million per billion gallons for Valley Water’s fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 43 SJWC also pumps water from the local groundwater basin. There are no delivery schedules or contractual obligations associated with the purchase of groundwater.
The contractual cost of the groundwater extraction charge for water pumped from the ground basin was $6.840 million, $6.058 million, and $5.290 million per billion gallons for Valley Water’s fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. SJWC also pumps water from the local groundwater basin. There are no delivery schedules or contractual obligations associated with the purchase of groundwater.
Cash flow from operations is primarily generated by net income from revenue producing activities, adjusted for non-cash expenses for depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, share-based compensation, allowance for equity funds used during construction, gains on the sale of assets, and other changes in working capital items. Cash flow from operations increased in 2023 by approximately $24,600.
Cash flow from operations is primarily generated by net income from revenue producing activities, adjusted for non-cash expenses for depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, share-based compensation, allowance for equity funds used during construction, gains on the sale of assets, and other changes in working capital items. Cash flow from operations increased in 2024 by $4,695.
The qualitative assessment found no indicators of impairment and therefore did not perform the quantitative impairment test. No impairments occurred during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021.
The qualitative assessment found no indicators of impairment and therefore SJW Group did not perform the quantitative impairment test. No impairments occurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.
During 2023, we had cash outflows of $7,537 for business acquisitions which we believe will allow SJW Group to expand our regulated customer base.
During 2023 and 2022, we had cash outflows of 7,537 and $433, respectively, for business acquisitions which we believe will allow SJW Group to expand our regulated customer base.
The changes are primarily attributable to changes in consumption by customers driven primarily by weather conditions in California, Maine and Texas. The contract water rates for SJWC are determined by Valley Water. These rates are adjusted periodically and coincide with Valley Water’s fiscal year, which ends on June 30.
The changes are primarily attributable to changes in consumption by customers driven primarily by weather conditions in our service areas. The contract water rates for SJWC are determined by Valley Water. These rates are adjusted periodically and coincide with Valley Water’s fiscal year, which ends on June 30.
SJW Group’s consolidated weighted-average cost of long-term debt, including the amortization of debt issuance costs, was 3.97% and 4.0% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Cost of borrowing on the lines of credit averaged 6.29% and 3.41% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
SJW Group’s consolidated weighted-average cost of long-term debt, including the amortization of debt issuance costs, was 4.12% and 3.97% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Cost of borrowing on the lines of credit averaged 6.44% and 6.29% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
SJWC also maintains balancing accounts to track changes in purchased water, purchased power, groundwater extraction charges and pension costs for later rate recovery.
SJWC also maintains balancing accounts to track changes in purchased water, purchased power, groundwater extraction charges, pension costs, and group health insurance expenses for later rate recovery.
Water sales to MWC are billed at a wholesale discount of twenty cents per hundred cubic feet of water below Kennebec Water District's tariffed rates. The current tariff rate was one dollar and fifty-one cents per hundred cubic feet as of December 31, 2023.
Water sales to MWC are billed at a wholesale discount of twenty cents per hundred cubic feet of water below Kennebec Water District's tariffed rates. The current tariff rate was one dollar and fifty-one cents per hundred cubic feet as of December 31, 2024. The various components of operating expenses are discussed below.
In 2024, SJWC and CTWS expect to make required and discretionary cash contributions of up to $8,744 to the pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans. The amount of required contributions for years thereafter is not actuarially determinable.
In 2025, SJWC and CTWS expect to make required and discretionary cash contributions of up to $6,680 to the pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans. The amount of required contributions for years thereafter is not actuarially determinable.
Regulatory policies vary from state to state and may change over time. In addition, there may be regulatory lag between the time a capital investment is made, a consumption decrease occurs, or an operating expense increases and when those items are adjusted in utility rates.
In addition, there may be regulatory lag between the time a capital investment is made, a consumption decrease occurs, or an operating expense increases and when those items are adjusted in utility rates.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, SJWC’s residential and business usage was lower by 15.0% and 3.2%, respectively, than the amount authorized in our 2022-2024 general rate case. SJWC’s service area is currently under voluntary 15% reduction of water consumption.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, SJWC’s residential usage was lower by 9.3% and business usage was higher by 2.6%, respectively, than the amount authorized in our 2022-2024 general rate case. SJWC’s service area is currently under a voluntary 15% reduction of water consumption from its water wholesaler.
With regard to uncertain tax positions, we are unable to predict the timing of tax settlements as tax audits can involve complex issues and the resolution of those issues may span multiple years, particularly if subject to negotiation or litigation.
With regard to uncertain tax positions, no such amounts are reflected in the table above since we are unable to predict the timing of tax settlements as tax audits can involve complex issues and the resolution of those issues may span multiple years, particularly if subject to negotiation or litigation.
Based on current prices and estimated deliveries, SJWC is committed to purchase from Valley Water a minimum of 90% of the reduced delivery schedule, or 18.9 billion gallons ($121,182) of water at the current contract water rate of $6.41 million per billion gallons in the year ending December 31, 2024.
Based on current prices and estimated deliveries, SJWC is committed to purchase from Valley Water a minimum of 90% of the reduced delivery schedule, or 18.9 billion gallons ($135,975) of water at the current contract water rate of $7.19 million per billion gallons in the year ending December 31, 2025.
The contract water rate for Valley Water’s fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $6.411 million, $5.644 million and $4.953 million per billion gallons, respectively.
The contract water rate for Valley Water’s fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $7.194 million, $6.411 million, and $5.644 million per billion gallons, respectively.
The contract water rate for Valley Water’s fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $6.411 million, $5.644 million and $4.953 million per billion gallons, respectively.
The contract water rate for Valley Water’s fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $7.194 million, $6.411 million, and $5.644 million per billion gallons, respectively.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations SJW Group’s financial condition and results of operations are influenced by a variety of factors including the following: • Economic utility regulation; • Infrastructure investment; • Compliance with environmental, health and safety standards; • Production expenses; • Customer growth; • Water usage per customer; • Weather conditions, seasonality and sources of water supply; and • Merger and acquisition activities, if any. 32 Economic Utility Regulation Water Utility Services is generally subject to economic regulation by the Regulators overseeing public utilities.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations SJW Group’s financial condition and results of operations are influenced by a variety of factors including the following: • Economic utility regulation; • Infrastructure investment; • Compliance with environmental, health and safety standards; • Production expenses; • Customer growth; • Water usage per customer; 34 Table of Contents • Weather conditions, seasonality and sources of water supply; and • Merger and acquisition activities, if any.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, SJWC purchased from Valley Water 18.3 billion gallons ($111,173), 18.2 billion gallons ($96,793) and 19.4 billion gallons ($91,938), respectively, of contract water. On June 16, 2022, Valley Water Board of Directors approved treated water deliveries reflecting the contractual delivery schedule reduced by 23% through June 30, 2024.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, SJWC purchased from Valley Water 17.0 billion gallons ($117,698), 18.3 billion gallons ($111,173) and 18.2 billion gallons ($96,793), respectively, of contract water. On June 12, 2024, Valley Water Board of Directors approved treated water deliveries reflecting the contractual delivery schedule reduced by 23% through June 30, 2025.
Employee Benefit Arrangements SJWC and CTWS sponsor noncontributory defined benefit pension plans and provide health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. In 2023, SJWC and CTWS contributed $11,145 and $920 to the pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.
Employee Benefit Arrangements SJWC and CTWS sponsor noncontributory defined benefit pension plans and provide health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees. In 2024, SJWC and CTWS contributed $8,007 and $7 to the pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased by approximately $50,500 from the same period in the prior year, primarily as a result of increase in cash proceeds from long-term debt and issuances of common stock, partially offset by an increase in the amount of net borrowings on our lines of credit, and an increase in payments of dividends.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, increased by $17,140 from the same period in the prior year, primarily as a result of increase in cash proceeds from long-term debt, an increase in cash receipts of advances and contributions in aid of construction and issuances of common stock, partially offset by an increase in the amount of net repayments on our lines of credit, and an increase in payments of dividends.
MWC has a water supply agreement with the Kennebec Water District expiring in 2040. 37 The following table presents the sources of water supply for water utility services: Source of Water Supply 2023 2022 (billion gallons) Purchased water 19.5 19.7 Groundwater 12.4 18.2 Surface water 14.6 10.5 Reclaimed water 0.8 0.9 47.3 49.3 Average water production expense per billion gallons $5.420 million $4.719 million The percentages of water supply by source excluding reclaimed water by state is presented below: Purchased Water Groundwater Surface Water 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 California 54 % 52 % 32 % 40 % 12 % 5 % Connecticut 6 % 7 % 36 % 36 % 58 % 57 % Maine 2 % 3 % 7 % 8 % 91 % 89 % Texas 17 % 28 % 34 % 28 % 49 % 44 % Water production in 2023 for Water Utility Services decreased 2.0 billion gallons from 2022.
MWC has a water supply agreement with the Kennebec Water District expiring in 2040. 40 Table of Contents The following table presents the sources of water supply: Source of Water Supply 2024 2023 (billion gallons) Purchased water 17.8 19.5 Groundwater 18.6 14.6 Surface water 11.8 12.4 Reclaimed water 0.8 0.8 49.0 47.3 Average water production expense per billion gallons $5.956 million $5.420 million The percentages of water supply by source excluding reclaimed water by state is presented below: Purchased Water Groundwater Surface Water 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 California 48 % 54 % 41 % 32 % 9 % 12 % Connecticut 6 % 6 % 39 % 36 % 55 % 58 % Maine 2 % 2 % 6 % 7 % 91 % 91 % Texas 13 % 17 % 37 % 34 % 50 % 49 % Water production in 2024 increased by 1.7 billion gallons from 2023.
On December 28, 2023, SJWC submitted the application to receive $10,237 through the State of California Water and Wastewater Arrearages Payment Program to relieve outstanding payment delinquencies for customer accounts greater than 60-days past due as of December 31, 2022.
On December 28, 2023, SJWC submitted the application through the State of California Water and Wastewater Arrearages Payment Program to relieve outstanding payment delinquencies for customer accounts greater than 60-days past due as of December 31, 2022. We received $9,130 in the second quarter of 2024 under the State of California Water and Wastewater Arrearages Payment Program.
CWC’s water sources vary among the individual systems, but overall, approximately 80% of the total dependable yield comes from surface water supplies and 20% from wells. In addition, CWC has water supply agreements to supplement its water supply with the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority and The Metropolitan District that expire in 2058 and 2053, respectively.
CWC’s water sources vary among the individual systems, but overall, approximately 60% of the total dependable yield comes from surface water supplies and 40% from wells. In addition, CWC has water supply agreements to supplement its water supply with RWA and MDC that expire in 2058 and 2053, respectively.
To address the difference between conservation usage and authorized usage in the rate case, the CPUC has approved the activation of the WCMA which tracks the divergence between authorized versus actual consumption in a balancing account for future recovery.
To address the difference between conservation usage and authorized usage in the rate case, the CPUC has approved the activation of the WCMA. The WCMA is a temporary revenue protection mechanism, due to the voluntary 15% water reduction request, which tracks the divergence between authorized versus actual consumption in a balancing account for future recovery.
Surface water is sourced from SJWC’s 6,400 acres of watershed in the Santa Cruz mountains. In 2022, SJWC’s general rate case decision approved the use of the Full Cost Balancing Account which mitigates the cost of the water supply from changes and variations in quantities from each of these sources which affect the overall mix of the water supply.
Surface water is sourced from SJWC’s 6,400 acres of watershed in the Santa Cruz mountains. SJWC’s FCBA mitigates the cost of the water supply from changes and variations in quantities from each of these sources which affect the overall mix of the water supply.
Customer Growth Customer growth in our Water Utility Services’ is driven by: (i) organic population growth within our authorized service areas and (ii) the addition of new customers to our regulated customer base by acquiring regulated water systems adjacent to or near our existing service territories.
Customer Growth Customer growth in Water Utility Services is driven by: (i) organic population growth within our authorized service areas and (ii) the addition of new customers to our regulated customer base by acquiring regulated water systems adjacent to or near our existing service territories. We did not have any cash outflows for business acquisitions in 2024.
The increase was primarily the result of increased property taxes due to utility plant additions, and an increase in payroll taxes due to increases in wages. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1,451 in 2023.
Property Taxes and Other Non-income Taxes Property taxes and other non-income taxes for 2024 increased $1,453 from 2023. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in property taxes due to utility plant additions and payroll taxes due to increases in wages and headcount. Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization expense increased $6,987 in 2024 from 2023.
The following is the change in customer usage in 2023 compared to 2022: • SJWC residential usage decreased 2.9% and business usage decreased 0.8%. • TWC residential and business usage decreased 8.8%. • CWC residential usage decreased 7.9% and business usage decreased 3.3%. • MWC residential usage decreased 7.3% and business usage decreased 14.3%.
The following is the change in customer usage in 2024 compared to 2023: • SJWC residential usage increased 6.7% and business usage increased 5.8%. • TWC residential and business usage decreased 13.0%. • CWC residential usage increased 1.1% and business usage increased 2.9%. 36 Table of Contents • MWC residential usage increased 3.4% and business usage increased 14.6%.
In 2023 and 2022, company-funded capital improvements were $271,772 and $218,784, respectively, for additions to, or replacements of, property, plant and equipment for our Water Utility Services. We plan to spend approximately $332,000 in 2024 and $1,621,000 over five years for capital improvements.
Infrastructure Investment The water utility business is capital-intensive. In 2024 and 2023, company-funded capital improvements were $353,029 and $271,772, respectively, for additions to, or replacements of, property, plant and equipment for our Water Utility Services. We plan to spend approximately $451,000 in 2025 and $1,900,000 over the next five years for capital improvements.
While our ability to obtain financing will continue to be a key risk, we believe that based on our successful 2023 activities, we will have access to the external funding sources necessary to implement our ongoing capital investment programs in the future.
While our ability to obtain financing will continue to be a key risk, we believe that based on our successful 2024 activities, we will have access to the external funding sources necessary to implement 35 Table of Contents our ongoing capital investment programs in the future. See discussion below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information on capital expenditures.
Other Comprehensive Income The change in other comprehensive income in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to the change in the benefit obligation for CWC’s supplemental executive retirement plan primarily as a result of changes in the discount rate and the unrealized gain on its investments. 39 Liquidity and Capital Resources Water Utility Services’ business derives the majority of its revenue directly from residential and business customers.
Other Comprehensive Income The change in other comprehensive income in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily due to the change in the benefit obligation for CWC’s supplemental executive retirement plan primarily as a result of changes in the discount rate and the unrealized gain on its investments.
The SIC will allow TWC to earn a return on some of its capital improvements made after 2020 through a surcharge to its customers. The SIC is a cost recovery mechanism recently adopted in Texas that avoids the immediate need for a general rate case. The PUCT permits the acquisition of utilities using a process termed the Fair Market Value.
The SIC allows TWC to earn a return on some of its capital improvements made after 2020 through a surcharge to its customers. The SIC is a cost recovery mechanism that was adopted by the PUCT in 2021 and avoids the immediate need for a general rate case.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, SJW Group issued and sold a total of 1,119,806 shares of common stock with a weighted average price of $73.68 per share and received $80,659 in net proceeds under the Equity Distribution Agreement.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, SJW Group issued and sold a total of 1,522,289 shares of common stock with a weighted average price of $57.15 per share and received $85,008 in net proceeds under the aforementioned equity distribution agreements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Policies and New Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a discussion of recently adopted accounting policies and new accounting pronouncements for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and New Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for a discussion of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and new accounting pronouncements issued and pending adoption.
The following sections include a discussion of results for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The comparative results for the year ended December 31, 2022 with for the year ended December 31, 2021 generally have not been included in this Form 10-K but may be found in “Part II - Item 7.
The following sections include a discussion of results for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. Unless otherwise provided herein, the comparative results for the year ended December 31, 2023 with for the year ended December 31, 2022 may be found in “Part II - Item 7.
This allows water utilities the option of applying their previously approved rates to the customers of newly acquired systems, which encourages consolidation by minimizing rate case expenses. Pursuant to Maine regulations, MWC employs a historical test year. To address regulatory risk due to regulatory lag and changing legislation policies and regulations, rate cases may be filed as necessary in Maine.
In addition, after recent legislation the PUCT adopted rules allowing the application of the Filed Rate Doctrine. This allows water utilities the option of applying their previously approved rates to the customers of newly acquired systems, which encourages consolidation by minimizing rate case expenses. Pursuant to Maine regulations, MWC employs a historical test year.
This process brings in three appraisers to determine the market value of a system which the acquiring utility can apply as the value of utility plant included in rate base. In addition, after recent legislation the PUCT adopted rules allowing the application of the Filed Rate Doctrine.
The PUCT permits the acquisition of utilities using a process termed the Fair Market Value. This process brings in three appraisers to determine the market value of a system which the acquiring utility can apply as the value of utility plant included in rate base.
TWC believes that it will be able to meet customer demand for 2024 with their water supply which consists of groundwater from wells and purchased treated and raw water from the GBRA. Results of Operations Water sales are seasonal in nature and influenced by weather conditions.
TWC expects to meet customer demand for 2025 with TWC’s water supply which consists of groundwater from wells, surface water and purchased treated and raw water from the GBRA. Results of Operations Water sales are seasonal in nature and influenced by weather conditions. The timing of precipitation and climatic conditions can cause seasonal water consumption by customers to vary significantly.
Balancing and memorandum accounts are recognized by SJWC when it is probable that future recovery of previously incurred costs or future refunds that are to be credited to customers will occur through the ratemaking process. 31 Balancing accounts are currently being maintained for the following items: purchased water, purchased power, groundwater extraction charges, pensions, and general rate case and cost of capital true-ups.
Balancing and memorandum accounts are recognized by SJWC when it is probable that future recovery of previously incurred costs or future refunds that are to be credited to customers will occur through the ratemaking process.
Additionally, to mitigate regulatory lag for all infrastructure replacements (except meters), the Maine State Legislature has approved of WISC that allows for a surcharge to be added to customer bills semi-annually for certain pre-approved projects. Infrastructure Investment The water utility business is capital-intensive.
To address regulatory risk due to regulatory lag and changing legislation policies and regulations, rate cases may be filed as necessary in Maine. Additionally, to mitigate regulatory lag for all infrastructure replacements (except meters), the Maine State Legislature has approved of WISC that allows for a surcharge to be added to customer bills semi-annually for certain pre-approved projects.
Cash Flow from Operations In 2023, SJW Group generated cash flow from operations of approximately $190,800 compared to $166,200 in 2022.
Cash Flow from Operations In 2024, SJW Group generated cash flow from operations of $195,526 compared to $190,831 in 2023.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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SJW Group has no derivative financial instruments, financial instruments with significant off-balance sheet risks, or financial instruments with concentrations of credit risk. 44
SJW Group has no derivative financial instruments, financial instruments with significant off-balance sheet risks, or financial instruments with concentrations of credit risk. 48 Table of Contents

Other HTO 10-K year-over-year comparisons