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Liberty Broadband Corp

Liberty Broadband CorpLBRDAEarnings & Financial Report

Nasdaq · Communication Services · Cable & Other Pay Television Services

Liberty Global Ltd. is a British-Dutch-American multinational telecommunications company domiciled in Bermuda, with headquarters in London, Amsterdam and Denver. Its respective legal names are Liberty Global Holdings Limited (UK), Liberty Global B.V. (Netherlands) and Liberty Global, Inc., with the first of these being publicly traded. It was formed in 2005 by the merger of the international arm of Liberty Media and UnitedGlobalCom (UGC).

What changed in Liberty Broadband Corp's 10-K — 2022 vs 2023

Top changes in Liberty Broadband Corp's 2023 10-K

552 paragraphs added · 610 removed · 452 edited across 9 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

174 edited+49 added−39 removed177 unchanged
With ACW, tenants will receive the same visibility and control over their apartment’s WiFi networks through the My Spectrum App, while building managers will be able to see and manage the entire building’s network through a purpose-built property service portal.
With ACW, tenants receive the same visibility and control over their apartment’s WiFi networks through the My Spectrum App, while building managers will be able to see and manage the entire building’s network through a purpose-built property service portal.
Video competition Charter and GCI Holdings’ residential video services face competition from direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) service providers, which have a national footprint and compete in all of Charter’s operating areas. DBS providers offer satellite-delivered pre-packaged programming services that can be received by relatively small and inexpensive receiving dishes.
Charter and GCI Holdings’ residential video services also face competition from direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) service providers, which have a national footprint and compete in all of Charter’s operating areas. DBS providers offer satellite-delivered pre-packaged programming services that can be received by relatively small and inexpensive receiving dishes.
(d) Monthly SMB revenue per SMB customer is calculated as total SMB annual revenue divided by twelve divided by average SMB customer relationships during the respective year and excludes mobile revenue and customers. (e) Mobile lines include phones and tablets which require one of Charter’s standard rate plans (e.g., “Unlimited” or “By the Gig”).
(d) Monthly SMB revenue per SMB customer is calculated as total SMB annual revenue divided by twelve divided by average SMB customer relationships during the respective year and excludes mobile-only customers. (e) Mobile lines include phones and tablets which require one of Charter’s standard rate plans (e.g., “Unlimited” or “By the Gig”).
All broadband providers are also obliged by CALEA to configure their networks in a manner that facilitates the ability of state and federal law enforcement, with proper legal process authorized under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, to obtain records and information concerning their customers, including the content of their communications.
All broadband providers are also obliged by CALEA to configure their networks in a manner that facilitates the ability of state and federal law enforcement, with proper legal process authorized under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, to wiretap and obtain records and information concerning their customers, including the content of their communications.
Charter and GCI Holdings’ residential video services also face growing competition across their footprints from a number of other sources, including companies that deliver linear network programming, movies and television shows on demand and other video content over broadband Internet connections to televisions, computers, tablets and mobile devices.
Video competition Charter and GCI Holdings’ residential video services face growing competition across their footprints from a number of other sources, including companies that deliver linear network programming, movies and television shows on demand and other video content over broadband Internet connections to televisions, computers, tablets and mobile devices.
Other FCC Regulatory Matters The Communications Act and FCC regulations cover a variety of additional areas applicable to its video services, including, among other things: (1) licensing of systems and facilities, including the grant of various spectrum licenses; (2) equal employment opportunity obligations; (3) customer service standards; (4) technical standards; (5) mandatory blackouts of certain network and syndicated programming; (6) restrictions on political advertising; (7) restrictions on advertising in children's programming; (8) ownership restrictions; (9) posting of certain information on an FCC “public file” website, including but not limited to political advertising records, equal employment opportunity practices, compliance with children’s programming requirements, policies for commercial leased access, system information, and channel carriage information including disclosure of ownership interests in channels carried; (10) emergency alert systems; (11) inside wiring and contracts for MDU complexes; (12) accessibility of content, including requirements governing video-description and closed-captioning; (13) competitive availability of cable equipment; (14) the provision of up to 15% of video channel capacity for commercial leased access by unaffiliated third parties; and (15) public, education and government entity access requirements.
Other FCC Regulatory Matters The Communications Act and FCC regulations cover a variety of additional areas applicable to Charter’s and GCI Holdings’ video services, including, among other things: (1) licensing of systems and facilities, including the grant of various spectrum licenses; (2) equal employment opportunity obligations; (3) customer service standards; (4) technical standards; (5) mandatory blackouts of certain network and syndicated programming; (6) restrictions on political advertising; (7) restrictions on advertising in children's programming; (8) ownership restrictions; (9) posting of certain information on an FCC “public file” website, including but not limited to political advertising records, equal employment opportunity practices, compliance with children’s programming requirements, policies for commercial leased access, system information, and channel carriage information including disclosure of ownership interests in channels carried; (10) emergency alert systems; (11) inside wiring and contracts for MDU complexes; (12) accessibility of content, including requirements governing video-description and closed-captioning; (13) competitive availability of cable equipment; (14) the provision of up to 15% of video channel capacity for commercial leased access by unaffiliated third parties; and (15) public, education and government entity access requirements.
The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated: ● our, GCI Holdings, GCI, LLC and Charter’s ability to obtain cash in sufficient amounts to service financial obligations and meet other commitments; ● our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and disallowed business interest carryforwards; ● our, GCI Holdings, GCI, LLC and Charter’s ability to obtain additional financing, or refinance existing indebtedness, on acceptable terms; ● the impact of our, GCI Holdings, GCI, LLC and Charter’s significant indebtedness and the ability to comply with any covenants in our and their respective debt instruments; ● general business conditions, unemployment levels, the level of activity in the housing sector, economic uncertainty or downturn and inflationary pressures on input costs and labor; ● competition faced by GCI Holdings and Charter; ● the ability of GCI Holdings and Charter to acquire and retain subscribers; ● the impact of governmental legislation and regulation including, without limitation, regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC"), on GCI Holdings and Charter, their ability to comply with regulations, and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings; ● changes in the amount of data used on the networks of GCI Holdings and Charter; ● the ability of third-party providers to supply equipment, services, software or licenses; I-3 Table of Contents ● the ability of GCI Holdings and Charter to respond to new technology and meet customer demands for new products and services; ● changes in customer demand for the products and services of GCI Holdings and Charter and their ability to adapt to changes in demand; ● the ability of GCI Holdings and Charter to license or enforce intellectual property rights; ● natural or man-made disasters, terrorist attacks, armed conflict, pandemics, cyberattacks, network disruptions, service interruptions and system failures and the impact of related uninsured liabilities; ● the ability to hire and retain key personnel; ● the ability to procure necessary services and equipment from GCI Holdings’ and Charter’s vendors in a timely manner and at reasonable costs including in connection with Charter’s network evolution and rural construction initiatives; ● risks related to the Investment Company Act of 1940; ● the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation; and ● changes to general economic conditions, including economic conditions in Alaska, and their impact on potential customers, vendors and third parties.
The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated: ● our, GCI Holdings, GCI, LLC and Charter’s ability to obtain cash in sufficient amounts to service financial obligations and meet other commitments; ● our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards and disallowed business interest carryforwards; ● our, GCI Holdings, GCI, LLC and Charter’s ability to obtain additional financing, or refinance existing indebtedness, on acceptable terms; ● the impact of our, GCI, LLC and Charter’s significant indebtedness and the ability to comply with any covenants in our and their respective debt instruments; ● general business conditions, unemployment levels, the level of activity in the housing sector, economic uncertainty or downturn and inflationary pressures on input costs and labor; ● competition faced by GCI Holdings and Charter; ● the ability of GCI Holdings and Charter to acquire and retain subscribers; ● the impact of governmental legislation and regulation including, without limitation, regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC"), on GCI Holdings and Charter, their ability to comply with regulations, and adverse outcomes from regulatory proceedings; ● changes in the amount of data used on the networks of GCI Holdings and Charter; ● the ability of third-party providers to supply equipment, services, software or licenses; ● the ability of GCI Holdings and Charter to respond to new technology and meet customer demands for new products and services; ● changes in customer demand for the products and services of GCI Holdings and Charter and their ability to adapt to changes in demand; ● the ability of GCI Holdings and Charter to license or enforce intellectual property rights; ● natural or man-made disasters, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, pandemics, cyberattacks, network disruptions, service interruptions and system failures and the impact of related uninsured liabilities; ● the ability to hire and retain key personnel; ● the ability to procure necessary services and equipment from GCI Holdings’ and Charter’s vendors in a timely manner and at reasonable costs including in connection with Charter’s network evolution and rural construction initiatives; ● risks related to the Investment Company Act of 1940; ● the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation; and ● changes to general economic conditions, including economic conditions in Alaska, and their impact on potential customers, vendors and third parties.
HFC architecture benefits include: ● bandwidth capacity to enable traditional and two-way video and broadband services; ● dedicated bandwidth for delivering two-way services, signal quality and higher service reliability, which provides an advantage over fixed wireless offerings; ● the ability to upgrade capacity at a lower incremental capital cost relative to its competitors; and ● a powered network enabling Advanced WiFi out-of-home and Charter’s future 5G small cell access points.
HFC architecture benefits include: ● bandwidth capacity to enable traditional and two-way video and broadband services; ● dedicated bandwidth for delivering two-way services, signal quality and higher service reliability, which provides an advantage over fixed wireless offerings; ● the ability to upgrade capacity at a lower incremental capital cost relative to Charter’s competitors; and ● a powered network enabling out-of-home Advanced WiFi and 5G small cell access points.
Charter expects these newly-served homes will be enabled to engage in distance learning, remote work, telemedicine and other bandwidth-heavy applications that require high speed broadband connectivity. Newly-served rural areas will also benefit from Charter’s high-value SPP structure including its voice and mobile offerings, as well as its comprehensive selection of video products.
Charter expects these newly-served homes will be enabled to engage in remote work, virtual learning, telemedicine and other bandwidth-heavy applications that require high speed broadband connectivity. Newly-served rural areas will also benefit from Charter’s high-value SPP structure including its voice and mobile offerings, as well as its comprehensive selection of video products.
Charter’s design standard allows spare fiber strands to each node to be utilized for additional residential traffic capacity, and enterprise customer needs as they arise. For Charter’s Spectrum Enterprise customers, fiber optic cable is extended to the customer’s site. For certain new buildouts, including for its rural construction initiative, and MDU sites, Charter utilizes a fiber deployment.
Charter’s design standard allows spare fiber strands to each node to be utilized for additional residential traffic capacity, and enterprise customer needs as they arise. For Charter’s Spectrum Enterprise customers, fiber optic cable is extended to the customer’s site. For most new buildouts, including for its rural construction initiative, and MDU sites, Charter utilizes a fiber deployment.
Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, Liberty Broadband’s equity ownership in Charter (on a fully diluted basis) is capped at the greater of 26% or the voting cap (“Equity Cap”). As of December 31, 2022, due to Liberty Broadband’s voting interest exceeding the current voting cap of 25.01%, our voting control of the aggregate voting power of Charter is 25.01%.
Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, Liberty Broadband’s equity ownership in Charter (on a fully diluted basis) is capped at the greater of 26% or the voting cap (“Equity Cap”). As of December 31, 2023, due to Liberty Broadband’s voting interest exceeding the current voting cap of 25.01%, our voting control of the aggregate voting power of Charter is 25.01%.
State regulatory commissions and legislatures may continue to consider imposing regulatory requirements on Charter’s fixed telephone services. As an interexchange carrier, GCI Holdings is subject to regulation by the FCC and the RCA as a non-dominant provider of interstate, international, and intrastate long-distance services.
State regulatory commissions and legislatures may continue to consider imposing regulatory requirements on Charter’s fixed wireline voice telephone services. As an interexchange carrier, GCI Holdings is subject to regulation by the FCC and the RCA as a non-dominant provider of interstate, international, and intrastate long-distance services.
DBS providers offer aggressive promotional pricing, exclusive programming and video services that are comparable in many respects to Charter and GCI Holdings' residential video service. Charter’s residential video service also faces competition from large telecommunications companies, primarily Verizon, which offer wireline video services in significant portions of Charter’s operating areas.
DBS providers offer aggressive promotional pricing and video services that are comparable in many respects to Charter and GCI Holdings' residential video service. Charter’s residential video service also faces competition from large telecommunications companies, primarily Verizon, which offer wireline video services in significant portions of Charter’s operating areas.
With Advanced WiFi, customers enjoy a cloud-optimized WiFi connection and have the ability to view and control their WiFi network through the Spectrum application (“My Spectrum App”). The service enables parental control schedules to be set for children’s devices or limit access entirely to unknown devices attempting to access the network.
With Advanced WiFi, customers enjoy a cloud-optimized WiFi connection and have the ability to view and control their WiFi network through the Spectrum app (“My Spectrum App”). The service enables parental control schedules to be set for children’s devices or to limit access entirely to unknown devices attempting to access the network.
Charter also has specialized offerings to enhance affordability of its Internet product for qualified low-income households, including Spectrum Internet Assist, a 30 megabits per second (“Mbps”) service, and Internet 100, a 100 Mbps service. Both are low cost and include a modem for no additional charge.
Charter also has specialized offerings to enhance affordability of its Internet product for qualified low-income households, including Spectrum Internet Assist, a 50 megabits per second (“Mbps”) service, and Internet 100, a 100 Mbps service. Both are low cost and include a modem for no additional charge.
In November 2017, the Universal Service Administrative Company ("USAC") requested further information in support of the rural rates charged to a number of GCI Holdings' RHC customers in connection with the funding requests for the year that runs July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018.
In November 2017, the Universal Service Administrative Company ("USAC") requested further information in support of the rural rates charged to a number of GCI Holdings' RHC customers in connection with the funding requests for the year that ran July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries had an aggregate of approximately 1,900 full and part-time employees and the Company is not party to any union contracts with its employees. Liberty Broadband believes that its employee relations are good.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries had an aggregate of approximately 1,900 full and part-time employees and the Company is not party to any union contracts with its employees. Liberty Broadband believes that its employee relations are good.
The DOJ is investigating whether GCI Holdings submitted false claims and/or statements in connection with GCI’s participation in the FCC’s RHC Program. On July 14, 2021, the DOJ issued a Civil Investigative Demand with regard to the qui tam action.
The DOJ was investigating whether GCI Holdings submitted false claims and/or statements in connection with GCI’s participation in the FCC’s RHC Program. On July 14, 2021, the DOJ issued a Civil Investigative Demand with regard to the qui tam action.
GCI Holdings’ bundled strategy and integrated approach to serving customers creates efficiencies of scale and maximizes network utilization. By offering multiple services, GCI Holdings is better able to leverage its network assets and increase returns on its invested capital.
For its existing network, GCI Holdings’ bundled strategy and integrated approach to serving customers creates efficiencies of scale and maximizes network utilization. By offering multiple services, GCI Holdings is better able to leverage its network assets and increase returns on its invested capital.
These investments will allow Charter to generate long-term infrastructure-style returns by taking further advantage of the efficiencies of the scale and quality of its network and construction capabilities while offering its high quality products and services to more homes and businesses.
These investments will allow Charter to generate long-term infrastructure-style returns by further taking advantage of Charter’s scale efficiencies, network quality and construction capabilities, while offering its high quality products and services to more homes and businesses.
On April 21, 2021, representatives of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) informed GCI Holdings that a qui tam action has been filed in the Western District of Washington arising from the subject matter under review by the Enforcement Bureau.
On April 21, 2021, representatives of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) informed GCI Holdings that a qui tam action had been filed in the Western District of Washington arising from the subject matter under review by the Enforcement Bureau.
(“AT&T”), Frontier Communications Corporation (“Frontier”) and Verizon are Charter’s primary FTTH competitors. Given the FTTH deployments of Charter’s competitors, launches of broadband services offering 1 Gbps speed have recently grown. Several competitors, including AT&T, Frontier, Verizon, WideOpenWest, Inc.
AT&T, Inc. (“AT&T”), Frontier Communications Corporation (“Frontier”) and Verizon are Charter’s primary FTTH competitors. Given the FTTH deployments of Charter’s competitors, launches of broadband services offering 1 Gbps or more of speed have recently grown. Several competitors, including AT&T, Frontier, Verizon, WideOpenWest, Inc.
Charter sells its residential and commercial services using national brand platforms known as Spectrum, Spectrum Business, Spectrum Enterprise and Spectrum Reach. These brands reflect Charter’s comprehensive approach to industry-leading products, driven by speed, performance and innovation.
Charter sells its residential and commercial services using national brand platforms known as Spectrum, Spectrum Business, Spectrum Enterprise, Spectrum Reach and Spectrum Community Solutions. These brands reflect Charter’s comprehensive approach to industry-leading products, driven by speed, performance and innovation.
With the funding for EBBP set to run out, Congress in the IIJA authorized $14.2 billion for the successor ACP that provides up to a $30 monthly discount for most eligible customers paid to the household’s broadband provider.
With the funding for EBB set to run out, Congress in the IIJA authorized $14.2 billion for the successor ACP that provides up to a $30 monthly discount for most eligible customers paid to the household’s broadband provider.
I-15 Table of Contents Pursuant to this letter agreement, following any month during which Charter purchases, redeems or buys back shares of its Class A common stock, and prior to certain meetings of Charter’s stockholders, Liberty Broadband will be obligated to sell to Charter, and Charter will be obligated to purchase, such number of shares of Class A common stock as is necessary (if any) to reduce Liberty Broadband’s percentage equity interest, on a fully diluted basis, to the Equity Cap (such transaction, a “Charter Repurchase”).
Pursuant to this letter agreement, following any month during which Charter purchases, redeems or buys back shares of its Class A common stock, and prior to certain meetings of Charter’s stockholders, Liberty Broadband will be obligated to sell to Charter, and Charter will be obligated to purchase, such number of shares of Class A common stock as is necessary (if any) to reduce Liberty Broadband’s percentage equity interest, on a fully diluted basis, to the Equity Cap (such transaction, a “Charter Repurchase”).
In 2021, pursuant to Congressional appropriation for COVID relief, the FCC established a temporary monthly Emergency Broadband Benefit Program ("EBBP") subsidy of up to $50 for most eligible low-income households.
In 2021, pursuant to Congressional appropriation for COVID relief, the FCC established a temporary monthly Emergency Broadband Benefit Program (“EBB”) subsidy of up to $50 for most eligible low-income households.
This includes inquiry into the rates charged by GCI Holdings and other aspects related to the Enforcement Bureau’s review of GCI Holdings’ compliance with program rules, which are discussed separately below.
This included inquiry into the rates charged by GCI Holdings and other aspects related to the Enforcement Bureau’s review of GCI Holdings’ compliance with program rules, which are discussed separately below.
Charter monitors the effectiveness of its marketing efforts, customer perception, competition, pricing, and service preferences, among other factors, in order to increase its responsiveness to customers and to improve sales and customer retention. Charter’s marketing organization manages all residential and SMB sales channels including inbound, direct sales, on-line, outbound telemarketing and stores.
Charter monitors the effectiveness of its marketing efforts, customer perception, competition, pricing, and service preferences, among other factors, in order to increase its responsiveness to customers and to improve sales and customer retention. Charter’s marketing organization manages all residential and SMB sales channels including inbound, direct sales, online, outbound telemarketing and stores.
The FCC has never classified the VoIP wireline telephone services that Charter and GCI Holdings offer as “telecommunications services” that are subject to traditional federal common carrier regulation, but instead has imposed some of these regulatory requirements on a case-by-case basis, such as requirements relating to 911 emergency services (“E911”), Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”) (the statute governing law enforcement access to and I-21 Table of Contents surveillance of communications), USF contributions, customer privacy and Customer Proprietary Network Information protections, number portability, network outage reporting, rural call completion, disability access, regulatory fees, back-up power, robocall mitigation and discontinuance of service.
The FCC has never classified the VoIP wireline telephone services that Charter and GCI Holdings offer as “telecommunications services” that are subject to traditional federal common carrier regulation, but instead has imposed some of these regulatory requirements on a case-by-case basis, such as requirements relating to 911 emergency services (“E911”), Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”) (the statute governing law enforcement access to and surveillance of communications), USF contributions, customer privacy and Customer Proprietary Network Information (“CPNI”) protections, number portability, network and/or 911 outage reporting, rural call completion, disability access, regulatory fees, back-up power, robocall mitigation and discontinuance of service.
Charter has been awarded over $1.7 billion in the RDOF auction and other federal, state and municipal grants that will partially fund, along with its substantial additional investment, the construction of new broadband infrastructure to more than one million estimated passings.
Charter has been awarded over $2 billion in the RDOF auction and other federal, state and municipal grants that will partially fund, along with its substantial additional investment, the construction of new broadband infrastructure to more than one million estimated passings.
Human Capital Resources Employees As described above, Liberty Broadband is party to a services agreement with Liberty, pursuant to which 83 Liberty corporate employees provide certain management services to Liberty Broadband for a determined fee.
Human Capital Resources Employees As described above, Liberty Broadband is party to a services agreement with Liberty, pursuant to which 86 Liberty corporate employees provide certain management services to Liberty Broadband for a determined fee.
Spectrum Reach is also now employing multi-screen deterministic attribution services for television and streaming services that lets advertisers know the effectiveness of their advertising on Spectrum Reach’s platform. I-11 Table of Contents Other Services Regional Sports Networks Charter has an agreement with the Los Angeles Lakers for rights to distribute all locally available Los Angeles Lakers’ games through 2033.
Spectrum Reach is also now employing multi-screen deterministic attribution services for television and streaming services that lets advertisers know the effectiveness of their advertising on Spectrum Reach’s platform. Other Services Regional Sports Networks Charter has an agreement with the Los Angeles Lakers for rights to distribute all locally available Los Angeles Lakers’ games through 2033.
It allows Charter to maintain a state-of-the-art network delivering the most compelling converged connectivity services in a capital and time-efficient manner, and in turn, offers advanced services to consumers at highly attractive prices, together with outstanding customer service.
This strategy allows Charter to maintain a state-of-the-art network delivering the most compelling converged connectivity services in a capital and time-efficient manner, and in turn, offers advanced services to consumers at highly attractive prices, together with outstanding customer service.
Its facilities include redundant and geographically diverse digital undersea fiber optic cable systems linking its Alaska terrestrial networks to the networks of other carriers in the lower 48 contiguous states and a statewide wireless network. I-4 Table of Contents Throughout its history, GCI Holdings has successfully added and expects to continue to add new products to its product portfolio.
Its facilities include redundant and geographically diverse digital undersea fiber optic cable systems linking its Alaska terrestrial networks to the networks of other carriers in the lower 48 contiguous states and a statewide wireless network. Throughout its history, GCI Holdings has successfully added and expects to continue to add new products to its product portfolio.
The successful and timely execution of such fiber-based construction is dependent on a variety of external factors, including the make-ready and I-13 Table of Contents utility pole permitting processes. With fewer homes and businesses in these areas, broadband providers need to access multiple poles per home, as opposed to multiple homes per pole in higher-density settings.
The successful and timely execution of such fiber-based construction is dependent on a variety of external factors, including the make-ready and utility pole permitting processes. With fewer homes and businesses in these areas, broadband providers need to access multiple poles per home, as opposed to multiple homes per pole in higher-density settings.
Available advertising time is generally sold by Charter’s advertising sales force. In some service areas, Charter has formed advertising interconnects or entered into representation agreements with other video distributors, including, among others, Verizon, DirecTV and Comcast, under which Charter sells advertising on behalf of those operators.
Available advertising time is generally sold by Charter’s advertising sales force. In some service areas, Charter has formed advertising interconnects or entered into representation agreements with other video distributors, including, among others, Verizon, DirecTV Entertainment Holdings LLC and Comcast Corporation, under which Charter sells advertising on behalf of those operators.
News Channels Charter owns and manages 37 local news channels, including Spectrum News NY1 ® and Spectrum News SoCal, 24-hour news channels focused on New York City and Los Angeles, respectively.
News Channels Charter owns and manages 38 local news channels, including Spectrum News NY1 ® and Spectrum News SoCal, 24-hour news channels focused on New York City and Los Angeles, respectively.
Charter owns 210 Citizen Broadband Radio Service ("CBRS") Priority Access Licenses ("PALs") and intends to use these licenses along with unlicensed CBRS spectrum to build its own 5G data-only mobile network on targeted 5G small cell sites leveraging its HFC network to provide power and data connectivity to the majority of the sites.
I-13 Table of Contents Charter owns 210 Citizen Broadband Radio Service ("CBRS") Priority Access Licenses ("PALs"). Charter intends to use these licenses along with unlicensed CBRS spectrum to build its own 5G data-only mobile network on targeted 5G small cell sites leveraging its HFC network to provide power and data connectivity to the majority of the sites.
Item 1. Business. General Development of Business Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband,” “the Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) is primarily comprised of GCI Holdings, LLC (“GCI Holdings” or “GCI”) (as of December 18, 2020), a wholly owned subsidiary, and an equity method investment in Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”).
Item 1. Business General Development of Business Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband,” “the Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) is primarily comprised of GCI Holdings, LLC (“GCI Holdings” or “GCI”), a wholly owned subsidiary, and an equity method investment in Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”).
Additionally, on an ongoing basis, GCI Holdings is subject to FCC-imposed rules requiring timely reporting of outages impacting access to emergency 911 services. Failure to comply with reporting requirements could result in the imposition of fines and other administrative remedies. I-23 Table of Contents State and Local Regulation.
Additionally, on an ongoing basis, GCI Holdings is subject to FCC-imposed rules requiring timely reporting of outages impacting access to emergency 911 services. Failure to comply with reporting requirements could result in the imposition of fines and other administrative remedies. State and Local Regulation.
I-28 Table of Contents Available Information All of our filings with the SEC including our Form 10-Ks, Form 10-Qs and Form 8-Ks, as well as amendments to such filings are available on our Internet website free of charge generally within 24 hours after we file such material with the SEC. Our website address is www.libertybroadband.com.
Available Information All of our filings with the SEC including our Form 10-Ks, Form 10-Qs and Form 8-Ks, as well as amendments to such filings are available on our Internet website free of charge generally within 24 hours after we file such material with the SEC. Our website address is www.libertybroadband.com.
The regional/metro network components provide connectivity between the regional demarcation points and headends within a specific geographic area and enable the delivery of content and services between these network components. I-12 Table of Contents Charter’s last-mile network utilizes a hybrid fiber coaxial cable (“HFC”) architecture, which combines the use of fiber optic cable with coaxial cable.
The regional/metro network components provide connectivity between the regional demarcation points and headends within a specific geographic area and enable the delivery of content and services between these network components. Charter’s last-mile network utilizes a hybrid fiber coaxial cable (“HFC”) architecture, which combines the use of fiber optic cable with coaxial cable.
These CPCNs are nonexclusive certificates defining each authorized service area. Although CPCNs have no stated expiration date, they may be revoked due to cause. I-5 Table of Contents Network Services Facilities. GCI Holdings operates an advanced, diverse communications network providing data, mobile, video, voice, and managed services to consumer, business, government, and carrier customers throughout Alaska.
These CPCNs are nonexclusive certificates defining each authorized service area. Although CPCNs have no stated expiration date, they may be revoked due to cause. Network Services Facilities. GCI Holdings operates an advanced, diverse communications network providing data, mobile, video, voice, and managed services to consumer, business, government, and carrier customers throughout Alaska.
Call Guard reduces customer frustration and improves security by blocking malicious calls while ensuring customers continue to receive the legitimate automated calls they need from schools or healthcare providers. Video Services Charter provides its customers with a choice of video programming services on a variety of platforms including through a digital set-top box or an IP device.
Call Guard reduces customer frustration and improves security by blocking malicious calls while ensuring customers continue to receive the legitimate automated calls they need from schools or healthcare providers. Video Services Charter provides its customers with a choice of video programming services on a variety of platforms including through a digital Spectrum Receiver or an IP device.
Through close coordination of its customer service and sales and marketing efforts, its customer service representatives suggest to its customers other services they can purchase or enhanced versions of services they already purchase. Many calls into the customer service centers or visits into one of the retail stores result in sales of additional services and products.
Through close coordination of its customer service and sales and marketing efforts, its customer service representatives suggest to its customers other services they can purchase or enhanced versions of services they already I-4 Table of Contents purchase. Many calls into the customer service centers or visits into one of the retail stores result in sales of additional services and products.
Spectrum Internet bundled with Charter’s in-home Advanced WiFi allows multiple people within a single household to stream high definition (“HD”) video content while simultaneously using its Internet service for other purposes including two-way video conferencing, among other things.
Spectrum Internet bundled with Charter’s in-home Advanced WiFi allows multiple people within a single household to stream high definition (“HD”) video content while simultaneously using its Internet service for other purposes including two-way video conferencing, gaming and virtual reality, among other things.
Without ETC status, GCI Holdings would not qualify for USF support in these areas or other rural areas where it proposes to offer facilities-based wireless telephone services, and its net cost of providing wireless telephone services in these areas would be materially adversely affected.
Without ETC status, GCI Holdings would not qualify I-24 Table of Contents for USF support in these areas or other rural areas where it proposes to offer facilities-based wireless telephone services, and its net cost of providing wireless telephone services in these areas would be materially adversely affected.
Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but such statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties and there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished.
Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but such statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties I-2 Table of Contents and there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished.
Franchise Matters Charter and GCI Holdings’ cable systems generally are operated pursuant to nonexclusive franchises, permits, and similar authorizations granted by a municipality or other state or local government entity in order to utilize and cross public rights-of-way.
I-18 Table of Contents Franchise Matters Charter and GCI Holdings’ cable systems generally are operated pursuant to nonexclusive franchises, permits, and similar authorizations granted by a municipality or other state or local government entity in order to utilize and cross public rights-of-way.
Subsequently, GCI identified rates for similar services provided by a competitor that would justify higher rates for certain GCI satellite services in the funding years that ended on June 30, 2018, June 30, 2019, and June 30, 2020. GCI submitted that information to the Bureau on September 7, 2021. The Applications for Review remain pending.
Subsequently, GCI identified rates for similar services provided by a competitor that would justify higher rates for certain GCI satellite services in the funding years that ended on June 30, 2018, June 30, 2019, and June 30, 2020. GCI submitted that information to the Bureau on September 7, 2021.
GCI Holdings notified the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau of the potential compliance issues; however, the Company is unable to assess the ultimate outcome of the potential compliance issues and is unable to reasonably estimate any range of loss or possible loss. Revision of Support Calculations.
GCI Holdings notified the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau of the potential compliance issues; however, the Company is unable to assess the ultimate outcome of the potential compliance issues and is unable to reasonably estimate any range of loss or possible loss.
On January 26, 2023, the Commission adopted an Order on Reconsideration, Report and Order, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which grants the petitions challenging the rates database, returns the RHC Telecom Program to the rate determination rules in place prior to the adoption of the rates database, permits providers to determine rural rates based on previously approved rates through the funding years ending June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2026, and seeks comment on future revisions to the rate determination rules.
On January 26, 2023, the FCC adopted an Order on Reconsideration, Report and Order, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, I-22 Table of Contents which grants the petitions challenging the rates database, returns the RHC Telecom Program to the rate determination rules in place prior to the adoption of the rates database, permits providers to determine rural rates based on previously approved rates through the funding years ending June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2026, and seeks comment on future revisions to the rate determination rules.
In October 2022, Charter introduced Spectrum One, which brings together in a high-value package, Spectrum Internet, Advanced WiFi and Unlimited Spectrum Mobile, offering consumers fast, reliable and secure online connections on their favorite devices at home and on-the-go. Alternatively, Charter’s mobile customers can choose one of two simple ways to pay for data.
Charter’s Spectrum One offering, which brings together Spectrum Internet, Advanced WiFi and Unlimited Spectrum Mobile, offers consumers fast, reliable and secure online connections on their favorite devices at home and on-the-go in a high-value package. Alternatively, Charter’s mobile customers can choose one of two simple ways to pay for data.
Under the terms of the letter agreement, Liberty Broadband sold 6,168,174 and 6,077,664 shares of Charter Class A common stock to Charter for $3.0 billion and $4.2 billion during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, to maintain our fully diluted ownership percentage at 26%.
Under the terms of the letter agreement, Liberty Broadband sold 950,721, 6,168,174 and 6,077,664 shares of Charter Class A common stock to Charter for $394 million, $3.0 billion and $4.2 billion during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, to maintain our fully diluted ownership percentage at 26%.
This sense of family and valuing its employees is a strong part of GCI’s culture and is one that generates pride among employees and company leadership. GCI is committed to creating and maintaining an environment that is inclusive, supportive and provides opportunities for excellence and advancements.
This sense of family and valuing its employees is a strong part of GCI’s culture and is one that generates pride among employees and I-29 Table of Contents company leadership. GCI is committed to creating and maintaining an environment that is inclusive, supportive and provides opportunities for excellence and advancements.
(“Qurate Retail”) (for accounting purposes a related party of the Company) entered into a tax sharing agreement, which was assumed by Liberty Broadband as a result of the Combination. The tax sharing agreement provides for the allocation and indemnification of tax liabilities and benefits between Qurate Retail and Liberty Broadband and other agreements related to tax matters.
(“Qurate Retail”) entered into a tax sharing agreement, which was assumed by Liberty Broadband as a result of the Combination. The tax sharing agreement provides for the allocation and indemnification of tax liabilities and benefits between Qurate Retail and Liberty Broadband and other agreements related to tax matters.
Under the Alaska High Cost Order issued by the FCC in 2016, GCI Holdings receives this support for its incumbent local exchange carrier operations, which are ETCs under FCC regulations and RCA Orders. This support is frozen at the 2011 levels for High Cost Loop Support and Interstate Common Line Support, with certain adjustments.
Under the Alaska High Cost Order issued by the FCC in 2016, GCI Holdings receives this support for its incumbent local exchange carrier operations, which are ETCs under FCC regulations and RCA Orders. This support is frozen at the 2011 levels for High Cost Loop Support and I-23 Table of Contents Interstate Common Line Support, with certain adjustments.
These 5G small cells, combined with growing WiFi capabilities, increase speed and reliability along with improving Charter’s cost structure through offload onto its owned networks.
These 5G small cells, combined with growing WiFi capabilities, increase speed and reliability along with improving Charter’s cost structure through offload of wireless data onto its owned networks.
Cable franchises generally are granted for fixed terms and in many cases include monetary penalties for noncompliance and may be terminable if the franchisee fails to comply. The specific terms and conditions of cable franchises I-17 Table of Contents vary significantly between jurisdictions.
Cable franchises generally are granted for fixed terms and in many cases include monetary penalties for noncompliance and may be terminable if the franchisee fails to comply. The specific terms and conditions of cable franchises vary significantly between jurisdictions.
Charter and GCI Holdings compete for advertising revenue against, among others, local broadcast stations, national cable and broadcast networks, radio stations, print media and online advertising companies and content providers.
Charter and GCI Holdings compete for advertising revenue against, among others, local broadcast stations, national cable and broadcast networks, radio stations, print media, connected device platforms and online advertising companies and content providers.
In recent years, the federal, state and local governments have offered billions of dollars in subsidies to companies deploying broadband to areas deemed to be “unserved” or “underserved,” using funds from the FCC’s RDOF auction in 2020, The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“ARPA”), and The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (the “IIJA”).
In recent years, the federal, state and local governments have offered billions of dollars in subsidies to companies deploying broadband to areas deemed to be “unserved” or “underserved,” using funds from the FCC’s RDOF auction in 2020, The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“ARPA”), and the IIJA.
GCI Holdings collected approximately $175 million in accounts receivable relating to these I-19 Table of Contents two funding years during the year ended December 31, 2021. GCI Holdings also filed an Application for Review of these determinations.
GCI Holdings collected approximately $175 million in accounts receivable relating to these two funding years during the year ended December 31, 2021. GCI Holdings also filed an Application for Review of these determinations.
I-10 Table of Contents Enterprise Spectrum Enterprise offers tailored communications products and managed service solutions over a high-capacity last-mile network with speeds up to 100 Gbps to larger businesses and government entities (local, state and federal), in addition to wholesale services to mobile and wireline carriers.
Enterprise Spectrum Enterprise offers tailored communications products and managed service solutions over a high-capacity last-mile network with speeds up to 100 Gbps to larger businesses and government entities (local, state and federal), in addition to wholesale services to mobile and wireline carriers.
I-20 Table of Contents The DOJ and GCI Holdings held discussions regarding the qui tam action whereby the DOJ clarified that its investigation relates to the years from 2010 through 2019 and alleged that GCI Holdings had submitted false claims under the RHC Program during this time period.
The DOJ and GCI Holdings held discussions regarding the qui tam action whereby the DOJ clarified that its investigation relates to the years from 2010 through 2019 and alleged that GCI Holdings had submitted false claims under the RHC Program during this time period.
I-27 Table of Contents Business Services Charter and GCI Holdings face intense competition across each of their business service product offerings. Charter’s SMB Internet, video and voice services face competition from a variety of providers as described above.
Business Services Charter and GCI Holdings face intense competition across each of their business service product offerings. Charter’s SMB Internet, video and voice services face competition from a variety of providers as described above.
DSL service is offered across Charter’s footprint and a portion of GCI Holdings’ footprint, often at prices lower than Charter and GCI Holdings’ Internet services, although typically at speeds much lower than the minimum speeds offered by Charter and GCI Holdings. In addition, a growing number of commercial areas, such as retail malls, restaurants and airports, offer WiFi Internet service.
DSL service is offered across Charter’s footprint and a portion of GCI Holdings’ footprint, often at prices lower than Charter and GCI Holdings’ Internet services, although typically at speeds much lower than I-27 Table of Contents the minimum speeds offered by Charter and GCI Holdings. In addition, commercial areas, such as retail malls, restaurants and airports, offer WiFi Internet service.
Charter also provides customers with the opportunity to interact with it in the manner they choose through self-service options on its customer website and mobile device application, or via telephonic communication, online chat and social media.
I-14 Table of Contents Charter also provides customers with the opportunity to interact with it in the manner they choose through self-service options on its customer website and mobile device application, or via telephonic communication, online chat and social media.
This bandwidth-rich network enables Charter to offer a large selection of HD channels and Spectrum Internet Gig across all of its footprint which enables Charter to provide fast, reliable and secure online connections and meet nearly all current residential customer demands today.
This bandwidth-rich network enables Charter to offer a large selection of HD channels and Spectrum Internet Gig across all of its footprint which enables Charter to provide fast, reliable and secure online connections, meeting current customer demands.
GCI Holdings’ revenue was comprised of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2022 2021 2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ Data services ​ ​ 65% ​ 60% ​ 56% ​ Wireless services ​ ​ 25% ​ 27% ​ 27% ​ Other services ​ ​ 10% ​ 13% ​ 17% ​ ​ GCI Holdings sells new and enhanced services and products to its existing customer base to achieve increased revenue and penetration of its services.
GCI Holdings’ revenue was comprised of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2023 2022 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ Data services ​ ​ 67% ​ 65% ​ 60% ​ Wireless services ​ ​ 25% ​ 25% ​ 27% ​ Other services ​ ​ 8% ​ 10% ​ 13% ​ ​ GCI Holdings sells new and enhanced services and products to its existing customer base to achieve increased revenue and penetration of its services.
Mobile Competition Charter and GCI Holdings’ mobile services face competition from national mobile network operators including AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile US, Inc. ("T-Mobile"), fixed wireless providers, as well as a variety of regional operators and mobile virtual network operators. Most carriers offer unlimited data packages to customers, while some also offer free devices.
Mobile Competition Charter and GCI Holdings’ mobile services face competition from national mobile network operators including AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile US, Inc. ("T-Mobile"), as well as a variety of regional operators and mobile virtual network operators. Most carriers offer unlimited data packages to customers while some also offer free or highly discounted devices.
Charter and GCI Holdings elected to participate in the EBBP and ACP, and the FCC regulates many of the terms on which ACP services are provided, including restrictions on Charter and GCI Holdings’ ability to refuse service to prospective eligible customers based upon their credit or payment history.
Charter and GCI Holdings elected to participate in the EBB and I-20 Table of Contents ACP, and the FCC regulates many of the terms on which ACP services are provided, including restrictions on Charter and GCI Holdings’ ability to refuse service to prospective eligible customers based upon their credit or payment history.
Charter’s in-home WiFi product provides its Internet customers with high performance wireless routers and a managed WiFi service to maximize their wireless Internet experience. Charter offers Advanced WiFi service across nearly all of its residential footprint along with WiFi 6 routers capable of delivering speeds over 1 Gbps.
Charter’s in-home WiFi product provides its Internet customers with high performance wireless routers and a managed WiFi service to maximize their wireless Internet experience. Charter offers Advanced WiFi service across all of its footprint along with WiFi 6E routers capable of delivering speeds over 2 Gbps.
Bad debt expense associated with these past due accounts has been reflected in Charter’s consolidated statements of operations. The increase in past due accounts is predominately due to pre-existing and incremental unsubsidized services, including video services, for those customers participating in government assistance programs. These customers are downgraded to a fully subsidized Internet-only service.
Bad debt expense associated with these past due accounts has been reflected in Charter’s consolidated statements of operations. The increase in accounts past due more than 120 days is predominately due to pre-existing and incremental unsubsidized amounts of customers’ bills for those customers participating in government assistance programs, including video services. These customers are downgraded to a subsidized Internet-only service.
On May 28, 2020, GCI Holdings received a second letter of inquiry from the Enforcement Bureau in the same matter noted above.
I-21 Table of Contents On May 28, 2020, GCI Holdings received a second letter of inquiry from the Enforcement Bureau in the same matter noted above.
Charter Communications, Inc. Introduction Charter is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator serving more than 32 million customers in 41 states through its Spectrum brand. Over an advanced high-capacity, two-way telecommunications network, Charter offers a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet ® , TV, Mobile and Voice.
I-5 Table of Contents Charter Communications, Inc. Introduction Charter is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator serving more than 32 million customers in 41 states through its Spectrum brand. Over an advanced communications network, Charter offers a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet ® , TV, Mobile and Voice.
In 2011, the FCC released rules to restructure and reduce over time I-22 Table of Contents terminating interstate access charges, along with a proposal to adopt similar reforms applicable to originating interstate access charges.
In 2011, the FCC released rules to restructure and reduce over time terminating interstate access charges, along with a proposal to adopt similar reforms applicable to originating interstate access charges.
Competition is based upon price, service bundles, the services and enhancements offered, the technologies used, customer service, billing services, and perceived quality, reliability and availability. Charter and GCI Holdings’ residential Internet services face competition across their footprints from fiber-to-the-home (“FTTH”), fixed wireless broadband, Internet delivered via satellite and digital subscriber line (“DSL”) services. AT&T, Inc.
Competition is based upon price, service bundles, the services and enhancements offered, the technologies used, customer service, billing services, and perceived quality, reliability and availability. Charter and GCI Holdings’ residential Internet services face competition across their footprints from fiber-to-the-home (“FTTH”), fixed wireless broadband, Internet delivered via low earth orbit (“LEO”) or geostationary satellite and digital subscriber line (“DSL”) services.
Other online video business models and products have also developed, some offered by programmers that have not traditionally sold programming directly to consumers, including, (i) subscription video on demand (“SVOD”) services such as Netflix, Apple TV+, Amazon Prime, Hulu Plus, Disney+, HBO Max, Peacock, Paramount+, AMC+, Starz and Showtime Anytime, (ii) ad-supported free online video products, including YouTube and Pluto TV, some of which offer programming for free to consumers that Charter currently purchases for a fee, (iii) pay-per-view products, such as iTunes, and (iv) additional offerings from mobile providers which continue to integrate and bundle video services and mobile products.
Other online video business models and products have also developed, some offered by programmers including, (i) subscription video on demand (“SVOD”) services such as Netflix, Apple TV+, Amazon Prime and Hulu Plus, (ii) programmer DTC applications such as Disney+, Peacock and Paramount+, (iii) ad-supported free online video products, including YouTube and Pluto TV, some of which offer programming for free to consumers that Charter currently purchases for a fee, (iv) pay-per-view products, such as iTunes, and (v) additional offerings from mobile providers which continue to integrate and bundle video services and mobile products.
This network evolution will also allow Charter to extend fiber services to the home in a success based “Fiber on Demand” manner and is the technology currently deployed in its rural fiber buildouts. Charter plans to complement its wireline investments with planned WiFi upgrades for in-home routers.
This network evolution will also allow Charter to extend fiber services to the home in a success based “Fiber on Demand” manner. Charter plans to complement its wireline investments with planned WiFi upgrades for in-home routers.
On May 24, 2021, the FCC approved the cost studies submitted by GCI Holdings for the funding year ended June 30, 2021. Subsequently, on August 16, 2021, GCI submitted a request for approval of rates for 17 additional sites, 13 of which the FCC approved on December 22, 2022. The rest remain pending. RHC Program Funding Cap.
On May 24, 2021, the FCC approved the cost studies submitted by GCI Holdings for the funding year ended June 30, 2021. Subsequently, on August 16, 2021, GCI submitted a request for approval of rates for 17 additional sites, all of which the FCC approved. RHC Program Funding Cap.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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GCI’s wireless licenses are from the FCC and give it the right to provide wireless service within a certain geographical area. ​ If GCI makes changes in its business strategy or if market or other conditions adversely affect its operations, it may be forced to record an impairment charge, which would lead to a decrease in its assets and a reduction in its net operating performance.
GCI’s wireless licenses are from the FCC and give GCI the right to provide wireless service within a certain geographical area. ​ If GCI makes changes in its business strategy or if market or other conditions adversely affect its operations, it may be forced to record an impairment charge, which would lead to a decrease in its assets and a reduction in its net operating performance.
This may include an increase in the number of homes that replace their video service with Internet-delivered and/or over-air content, as well as an increase in the number of Internet and voice customers substituting mobile data and voice products for wireline services which would negatively impact Charter’s ability to attract customers, increase rates and maintain or increase revenue.
This may include an increase in the number of homes that replace their video service with Internet-delivered or over-air content, as well as an increase in the number of Internet and voice customers substituting mobile data and voice products for wireline services which would negatively impact Charter’s ability to attract customers, increase rates and maintain or increase revenue.
Under the principles of Delaware law and the business judgment rule, holders may not be able to successfully challenge decisions that they believe have a disparate impact upon the holders of one series of our stock if our board of directors is disinterested and independent with respect to the action taken, is adequately informed with respect to the action taken and acts in good faith and in the honest belief that the board is acting in the best interest of all of our stockholders.
Under the principles of Delaware law and the business judgment rule, holders may not be able to successfully challenge decisions that they believe have a disparate impact upon the holders of one series of our stock if our board of directors is disinterested and independent with respect to the action taken, is adequately informed with respect to the action taken and acts in good faith and in the honest belief that the board of directors is acting in the best interest of all of our stockholders.
Each of our company and TripCo has renounced its rights to certain business opportunities and their respective restated certificate of incorporation provides that no director or officer of the respective company will breach their fiduciary duty and therefore be liable to the respective company or its stockholders by reason of the fact that any such individual directs a corporate opportunity to another person or entity (including Liberty, Qurate Retail and TripCo) instead of the respective company, or does not refer or communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to our company, unless (x) such opportunity was expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the respective company or as a director or officer of any of the respective company’s subsidiaries, and (y) such opportunity relates to a line of business in which the respective company or any of its subsidiaries is then directly engaged.
Each of our company, TripCo and ABH has renounced its rights to certain business opportunities and their respective restated certificate of incorporation provides that no director or officer of the respective company will breach their fiduciary duty and therefore be liable to the respective company or its stockholders by reason of the fact that any such individual directs a corporate opportunity to another person or entity (including Liberty, Qurate Retail, TripCo and ABH) instead of the respective company, or does not refer or communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to our company, unless (x) such opportunity was expressly offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the respective company or as a director or officer of any of the respective company’s subsidiaries, and (y) such opportunity relates to a line of business in which the respective company or any of its subsidiaries is then directly engaged.
If GCI were to lose its ETC status in any of the high cost areas where it is currently an authorized ETC whether due to legislative or regulatory reform or its failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, GCI would be ineligible to receive high cost or low income USF support for providing service in that area, which would have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
If GCI were to lose its ETC status in any of the high cost areas where it is currently an authorized ETC whether due to legislative or regulatory reform or its failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, GCI would be ineligible to receive high cost or low income USF support for providing service in that area, which would have an adverse effect on our company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
These covenants restrict, among other things, CCO Holdings, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and all of their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to: ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends on equity or repurchase equity; ● make investments; ● sell all or substantially all of their assets or merge with or into other companies; ● sell assets; ● in the case of restricted subsidiaries, create or permit to exist dividend or payment restrictions with respect to CCO Holdings, guarantee their parent companies debt, or issue specified equity interests; ● engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and ● grant liens (with respect to only CCO Holdings).
These covenants restrict, among other things, CCO Holdings, CCO Holdings Capital Corp. and all of their restricted subsidiaries’ ability to: ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends on equity or repurchase equity; ● make investments; ● sell all or substantially all of their assets or merge with or into other companies; ● sell assets; ● in the case of restricted subsidiaries, create or permit to exist dividend or payment restrictions with respect to CCO Holdings, guarantee their parent companies’ debt, or issue specified equity interests; ● engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and ● grant liens (with respect to only CCO Holdings).
If a failure of both sides of the ring of GCI’s undersea fiber optic facilities or GCI’s ringed TERRA facility and its unringed extensions occurs and GCI is not able to secure alternative facilities, some of the communications services GCI offers to its customers could be interrupted, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
If a failure of both sides of the ring of GCI’s undersea fiber optic facilities or GCI’s ringed TERRA facility and its unringed extensions occurs and GCI is not able to secure alternative facilities, some of the communications services GCI offers to its customers could be interrupted, which could have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
While the Company believes demand for these services may drive customers to pay for faster speeds, competitive or regulatory constraints may preclude GCI from recovering the costs of the necessary network investments, which could result in an adverse impact to its business, financial condition, and operating results. Prolonged service interruptions or system failures could affect GCI’s business.
While our company believes demand for these services may drive customers to pay for faster speeds, competitive or regulatory constraints may preclude GCI from recovering the costs of the necessary network investments, which could result in an adverse impact to its business, financial condition, and operating results. Prolonged service interruptions or system failures could affect GCI’s business.
If GCI is unable to meet the final performance plan milestones approved by the FCC it will be required to repay 1.89 times the average amount of support per location received over the ten-year term for the relevant number of locations that GCI failed to deploy to, plus ten percent of its total Alaska High Cost Order support received over the ten-year term.
If GCI is unable to meet the final performance plan milestones approved by the FCC it will be required to repay 1.89 times the average amount of support per location received over the ten-year term for the relevant number of locations that GCI failed to deploy to, plus potentially ten percent of its total Alaska High Cost Order support received over the ten-year term.
As is typical in the communications industry, GCI is self-insured for damage or loss to certain of its transmission facilities, including its buried, undersea and above-ground fiber optic cable systems. If GCI becomes subject to substantial uninsured liabilities due to damage or loss to such facilities, the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity may be adversely affected.
As is typical in the communications industry, GCI is self-insured for damage or loss to certain of its transmission facilities, including its buried, undersea, and above-ground fiber optic cable systems. If GCI becomes subject to substantial uninsured liabilities due to damage or loss to such facilities, our company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity may be adversely affected.
Further, the FCC and USAC may interpret or apply the applicable rules and regulations in ways that are unexpected to GCI or other program participants. As a result, material changes to receivables and contributions may occur, which could have an adverse effect on GCI’s business and the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Further, the FCC and USAC may interpret or apply the applicable rules and regulations in ways that are unexpected to GCI or other program participants. As a result, material changes to receivables and contributions may occur, which could have an adverse effect on GCI’s business and our company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
While GCI endeavors to account for failures in the network by providing back-up systems and procedures, GCI cannot guarantee that these back-up systems and procedures will operate satisfactorily in an emergency. Disruption to its billing systems due to a failure of existing hardware and backup protocols could have an adverse effect on the Company’s revenue and cash flow.
While GCI endeavors to account for failures in the network by providing back-up systems and procedures, GCI cannot guarantee that these back-up systems and procedures will operate satisfactorily in an emergency. Disruption to its billing systems due to a failure of existing hardware and backup protocols could have an adverse effect on our company’s revenue and cash flow.
The suppliers and vendors on which GCI relies may also be subject to litigation with respect to technology on which GCI depends, including litigation involving claims of patent infringement. Such claims have been growing rapidly in the communications industry. The Company is unable to predict whether GCI’s business will be affected by any such litigation.
The suppliers and vendors on which GCI relies may also be subject to litigation with respect to technology on which GCI depends, including litigation involving claims of patent infringement. Such claims have been growing rapidly in the communications industry. Our company is unable to predict whether GCI’s business will be affected by any such litigation.
While it is difficult for GCI Holdings to predict the future impact of a recession on its business, these conditions have had an adverse impact on its business and could adversely affect the affordability of and demand for some of its products and services and cause customers to shift to lower priced products and services or to delay or forgo purchases of its products and services.
While it is difficult for GCI to predict the future impact of a recession on its business, these conditions have had an adverse impact on its business and could adversely affect the affordability of and demand for some of its products and services and cause customers to shift to lower priced products and services or to delay or forgo purchases of its products and services.
If a failure of GCI’s satellite transponders occurs and GCI is not able to secure alternative facilities, some of the communications services GCI offers to its customers could be interrupted, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
If a failure of GCI’s satellite transponders occurs and GCI is not able to secure alternative facilities, some of the communications services GCI offers to its customers could be interrupted, which could have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
It remains uncertain what rule changes, if any, will ultimately be adopted by Congress, the FCC and state legislatures, and what operating or financial impact any such rules might have on Charter, including on the operation of its broadband networks, customer privacy and the user experience.
It remains uncertain what rule changes, if any, will ultimately be adopted by Congress, the FCC, the FTC and state legislatures, and what operating or financial impact any such rules might have on Charter, including on the operation of its broadband networks, customer privacy and the user experience.
The Company expects GCI’s dependence on key suppliers to continue as they develop and introduce more advanced generations of technology. The failure of GCI’s key suppliers to provide products or product support could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations.
Our company expects GCI’s dependence on key suppliers to continue as they develop and introduce more advanced generations of technology. The failure of GCI’s key suppliers to provide products or product support could have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial position, and results of operations.
In addition, the existence of only a limited number of vendors of key technologies can lead to less product innovation and higher costs. These events could materially and adversely affect Charter’s ability to retain and attract customers and its operations, business, financial results and financial condition.
In addition, the existence of only a limited number of vendors of key technologies can lead to less product innovation and higher costs. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect Charter’s ability to retain and attract customers and its operations, business, financial results and financial condition.
Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity. GCI faces competition that may reduce its market share and harm its financial performance. There is substantial competition in the telecommunications and entertainment industries.
Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our company’s business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity. GCI faces competition that may reduce its market share and harm its financial performance. There is substantial competition in the telecommunications and entertainment industries.
If any of the above events were to occur, GCI could experience higher churn, reduced revenue and increased costs, any of which could harm its reputation and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
If any of the above events were to occur, GCI could experience higher churn, reduced revenue, and increased costs, any of which could harm its reputation and have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.
These provisions include the following: ● authorizing a capital structure with multiple series of common stock: a Series B that entitles the holders to ten votes per share, a Series A that entitles the holders to one vote per share and a Series C that, except as otherwise required by applicable law, entitles the holders to no voting rights; ● authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt; ● classifying our board of directors with staggered three-year terms, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of our board of directors; ● limiting who may call special meetings of stockholders; ● prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders; ● establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings; ● requiring stockholder approval by holders of at least 66 2/3% of our voting power or the approval by at least 75% of our board of directors with respect to certain extraordinary matters, such as a merger or consolidation of our company, a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or an amendment to our restated certificate of incorporation; and ● the existence of authorized and unissued stock which would allow our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, thereby protecting the continuity of its management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of us.
These provisions include the following: ● authorizing a capital structure with multiple series of common stock: a Series B that entitles the holders to ten votes per share, a Series A that entitles the holders to one vote per share and a Series C that, except as otherwise required by applicable law, entitles the holders to no voting rights; ● authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt; ● classifying our board of directors with staggered three-year terms, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of our board of directors; ● limiting who may call special meetings of stockholders; ● prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders; ● establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings; ● requiring stockholder approval by holders of at least 66 2/3% of our voting power or the approval by at least 75% of our board of directors with respect to certain extraordinary matters, such as a merger or consolidation of our company, a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or an amendment to our restated certificate of incorporation; and I-55 Table of Contents ● the existence of authorized and unissued stock which would allow our board of directors to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, thereby protecting the continuity of its management, or which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of persons seeking to obtain control of us.
This has led to increased government regulation. The Company expects that the trend of increasing environmental awareness will continue, which will result in higher costs of operations. GCI is committed to incorporating environmentally sustainable practices into its business.
This has led to increased government regulation. Our company expects that the trend of increasing environmental awareness will continue, which will result in higher costs of operations. GCI is committed to incorporating environmentally sustainable practices into its business.
Further, current and new wireless internet technologies such as 4G and 5G wireless broadband services continue to evolve rapidly to allow for greater speed and reliability, and the Company expects other advances in communications technology to occur in the future.
Further, current and new wireless internet technologies such as 4G and 5G wireless broadband services continue to evolve rapidly to allow for greater speed and reliability, and our company expects other advances in communications technology to occur in the future.
GCI is in the business of selling communications and entertainment services to subscribers, and its economic success is based on its ability to retain current subscribers and attract new subscribers. If GCI is unable to retain and attract subscribers, its and the Company’s financial performance will be impaired.
GCI is in the business of selling communications and entertainment services to subscribers, and its economic success is based on its ability to retain current subscribers and attract new subscribers. If GCI is unable to retain and attract subscribers, its and our company’s financial performance will be impaired.
The decline in GCI’s Other revenue, which includes video, long-distance and local access services, may accelerate. The Company expects GCI’s Other revenue, which includes video, long-distance and local access services, will continue to decline. GCI has experienced declines in video and voice subscribers, consistent with the industry.
The decline in GCI’s Other revenue, which includes video, long-distance, and local access services, may accelerate. Our company expects GCI’s Other revenue, which includes video, long-distance and local access services, will continue to decline. GCI has experienced declines in video and voice subscribers, consistent with the industry.
GCI also faces the risk of potential price cuts by the Company’s competitors partially driven by federal funding for broadband infrastructure that could materially adversely affect its market share and gross margins.
GCI also faces the risk of potential price cuts by our company’s competitors partially driven by federal funding for broadband infrastructure that could materially adversely affect its market share and gross margins.
As competition from wireless carriers, as well as competition from GCI’s own product offerings, increases, the Company expects GCI’s long-distance and local access services’ subscribers and revenue will continue to decline and the rate of decline may accelerate.
As competition from wireless carriers, as well as competition from GCI’s own product offerings, increases, our company expects GCI’s long-distance and local access services’ subscribers and revenue will continue to decline and the rate of decline may accelerate.
Charter’s ability to provide some services and complete its network evolution and rural construction initiatives might be materially adversely affected, or the need to procure or develop alternative sources of the affected materials or services might interrupt or delay its ability to serve existing and new customers, if any of these parties experience or engage in the following: ● breach or terminate or elect not to renew their agreements with Charter or otherwise fail to perform their obligations in a timely manner; ● demand exceeds these vendors’ capacity; ● tariffs are imposed that impact vendors' ability to perform their obligations or significantly increase the amount Charter pays; ● experience operating or financial difficulties; ● significantly increase the amount Charter is required to pay (including demands for substantial non-monetary compensation) for necessary products or services; or ● cease production of any necessary product due to lack of demand, profitability or a change in ownership or are otherwise unable to provide the equipment or services Charter needs in a timely manner at its specifications and at reasonable prices.
Charter’s ability to provide some services and complete its network evolution and rural construction initiatives might I-47 Table of Contents be materially adversely affected, or the need to procure or develop alternative sources of the affected materials or services might interrupt or delay its ability to serve existing and new customers, if any of these parties experience or engage in the following: ● breach or terminate or elect not to renew their agreements with Charter or otherwise fail to perform their obligations in a timely manner; ● demand exceeds these vendors’ capacity; ● tariffs are imposed that impact vendors' ability to perform their obligations or significantly increase the amount Charter pays; ● experience operating or financial difficulties; ● significantly increase the amount Charter is required to pay (including demands for substantial non-monetary compensation) for necessary products or services; or ● cease production of any necessary product due to lack of demand, profitability or a change in ownership or are otherwise unable to provide the equipment or services Charter needs in a timely manner at its specifications and at reasonable prices.
Any occurrence of the foregoing could cause material adverse effects on the Company’s operations and financial condition, material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting and reputational damage.
Any occurrence of the foregoing could cause material adverse effects on our company’s operations and financial condition, material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting and reputational damage.
Additionally, the demands of large media companies, with additional selling power as a result of media and broadcast station groups consolidation, who link carriage of their most popular networks to carriage and cost increases of their less popular networks, and require Charter to carry their most popular networks to a large percentage of its video subscribers, have limited Charter’s flexibility in selling more tailored and cost-sensitive programming packages for consumers.
Additionally, the demands of large media companies, with additional selling power as a result of media and broadcast station group consolidation, who link carriage of their most popular networks to carriage and cost increases of their less popular networks, and require Charter to carry their most popular networks to a large percentage of its video subscribers, have limited Charter’s flexibility in selling more tailored and cost-sensitive programming packages for consumers.
As of December 31, 2022, the markets remain volatile and the economic outlook remains uncertain. If financing is not available when needed or is not available on favorable terms, we and our subsidiaries may be unable to take advantage of business or market opportunities as they arise, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
As of December 31, 2023, the markets remain volatile and the economic outlook remains uncertain. If financing is not available when needed or is not available on favorable terms, we and our subsidiaries may be unable to take advantage of business or market opportunities as they arise, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
In some instances, Charter competes against companies with fewer regulatory burdens, access to better financing and greater and more favorable brand name recognition. Increasing consolidation in the telecommunications and content industries have provided additional benefits to certain of Charter’s competitors, either through access to financing, resources, or efficiencies of scale including the ability to launch new video services.
In some instances, Charter competes against companies with fewer regulatory burdens, access to better financing and greater and more favorable brand name recognition. Increasing consolidation in the telecommunications and content industries have provided additional benefits to certain of Charter’s competitors, either through access to financing, resources, or efficiencies of scale including the ability to launch new products and services.
Charter’s voice and mobile services compete with wireless and wireline phone providers, as well as other forms of communication, such as text, instant messaging, social networking services, video conferencing and email. Competition from these companies, including intensive marketing efforts with aggressive pricing and exclusive programming, may have an adverse impact on Charter’s ability to attract and retain customers.
Charter’s voice and mobile services compete with wireless and wireline phone providers, as well as other forms of communication, such as text, instant messaging, social networking services, video conferencing and email. Competition from these companies, including intensive marketing efforts with aggressive pricing, may have an adverse impact on Charter’s ability to attract and retain customers.
The Company expects competition to increase as a result of the rapid development of new technologies, services and products, and the availability of increased federal funding of broadband infrastructure.
Our company expects competition to increase as a result of the rapid development of new technologies, services, and products, and the availability of increased federal funding of broadband infrastructure.
Any suspension or delay in GCI suppliers’ and vendors’ ability to provide us adequate equipment or supplies, or in GCI’s ability to procure equipment or supplies from other sources in a timely manner or at all, could impair its ability to meet customer demand and therefore could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
Any suspension or delay in GCI suppliers’ and vendors’ ability to provide us adequate equipment or supplies, or in GCI’s ability to procure equipment or supplies from other sources in a timely manner or at all, could impair its ability to meet customer demand and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Further, any failure in or interruption of systems that GCI or third parties maintain to support ancillary functions, such as billing, point of sale, inventory management, customer care and financial reporting, could materially impact GCI’s ability to timely and accurately record, process and report information important to the Company’s business.
Further, any failure in or interruption of systems that GCI or third parties maintain to support ancillary functions, such as billing, point of sale, inventory management, customer care, and financial reporting, could materially impact GCI’s ability to timely and accurately record, process, and report information important to our company’s business.
The Company could experience a decline in revenue and net income if any of GCI’s wholesale customers constructed or expanded their existing networks in places where service is currently provided by GCI’s network. Some of GCI’s wholesale customers have greater access to financial, technical, and other resources than GCI does.
Our company could experience a decline in revenue and net income if any of GCI’s wholesale customers constructed or expanded their existing networks in places where service is currently provided by GCI’s network. Some of GCI’s wholesale customers have greater access to financial, technical, and other resources than GCI does.
I-43 Table of Contents Climate change and increasingly stringent environmental laws, rules and regulations, and customer expectations, could adversely affect GCI’s business. ​ There is a heightened public focus on climate change, sustainability, and environmental issues and customer, regulatory and shareholder expectations are evolving rapidly, with a focus on companies’ climate change readiness, response, and mitigation strategies.
I-45 Table of Contents Climate change and increasingly stringent environmental laws, rules and regulations, and customer expectations could adversely affect GCI’s business. ​ There is a heightened public focus on climate change, sustainability, and environmental issues, and customer, regulatory, and shareholder expectations are evolving rapidly, with a focus on companies’ climate change readiness, response, and mitigation strategies.
While decreases in video customers combined with a change in the mix of customers choosing lower cost packages have lowered total programming cost increases, Charter expects contractual programming rates per service subscriber to continue to increase as a result of annual increases pursuant to its programming contracts and contract renewals with programmers.
While decreases in video customers combined with a change in the mix of customers choosing lower cost packages have offset total programming cost increases, Charter expects contractual programming rates per service subscriber to continue to increase as a result of annual increases pursuant to its programming contracts and contract renewals with programmers.
The techniques used to gain such access to the Company’s or its vendors’ technology systems, data or customer information, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized until launched against a target.
The techniques used to gain such access to our company’s or its vendors’ information systems, data or customer information, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized until launched against a target.
Managing these factors and subscribers’ expectations is essential in attracting and retaining subscribers. Although GCI has implemented programs to attract new subscribers and address subscriber turnover, the Company cannot make assurances that these programs or GCI’s strategies to address subscriber acquisition and turnover will be successful.
Managing these factors and subscribers’ expectations is essential in attracting and retaining subscribers. Although GCI has implemented programs to attract new subscribers and address subscriber turnover, our company cannot make assurances that these programs or GCI’s strategies to address subscriber acquisition and turnover will be successful.
Factors Relating to GCI Holdings Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that it currently deems to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect the business operations of GCI Holdings, which the Company refers to as "GCI" in the following risk factors relating to the business of GCI Holdings.
Factors Relating to GCI Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to our company or that it currently deems to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect the business operations of GCI Holdings, which our company refers to as “GCI” in the following risk factors relating to the business of GCI Holdings.
GCI’s inability to negotiate renewals of such contracts could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. If GCI experiences customer losses, the Company’s financial performance will be negatively impacted.
GCI’s inability to negotiate renewals of such contracts could have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. If GCI experiences customer losses, our company’s financial performance will be negatively impacted.
Our ability to meet our current and future financial obligations, including to make debt service obligations under the Margin Loan Agreement (defined below) and the Company Debentures (defined below), and other contractual commitments depends upon our ability to access cash.
Our ability to meet our current and future financial obligations, including to make debt service obligations under the Margin Loan Agreement (defined below) and the Company Debenture (defined below), and other contractual commitments depends upon our ability to access cash.
We account for our approximately 30.9% economic ownership interest in Charter using the equity method of accounting and, accordingly, in our financial statements we record our share of Charter’s net income or loss.
We account for our approximately 31.9% economic ownership interest in Charter using the equity method of accounting and, accordingly, in our financial statements we record our share of Charter’s net income or loss.
In addition, during 2022, GCI began to experience the impact of inflation-sensitive items, including upward pressure on the costs of materials, labor, and other items that are critical to GCI’s business.
In addition, during 2022 and continuing in 2023, GCI began to experience the impact of inflation-sensitive items, including upward pressure on the costs of materials, labor, and other items that are critical to GCI’s business.
These estimates can I-44 Table of Contents be affected by numerous factors, including changes in economic, industry or market conditions, changes in underlying business operations, future operating performance, changes in competition, or changes in technologies.
These estimates can I-46 Table of Contents be affected by numerous factors, including changes in economic, industry, or market conditions, changes in underlying business operations, future operating performance, changes in competition, or changes in technologies.
The Company cannot predict which of many possible future technologies, products or services will be important to maintain GCI’s competitive position or what expenditures will be required to develop and provide these technologies, products or services.
Our company cannot predict which of many possible future technologies, products or services will be important to maintain GCI’s competitive position or what expenditures will be required to develop and provide these technologies, products or services.
GCI expects to continue to offer competitive alternatives to such customers in order to retain significant traffic on GCI’s network. The Company cannot predict whether such customers will continue to see GCI’s network as a compelling alternative.
GCI expects to continue to offer competitive alternatives to such customers in order to retain significant traffic on GCI’s network. Our company cannot predict whether such customers will continue to see GCI’s network as a compelling alternative.
Moreover, our and our subsidiaries’ ability to secure additional financing will depend upon the operating performance of our subsidiaries, the value of our investment in Charter, prevailing general economic and credit market conditions, including interest rate levels and the availability of credit generally, the state of competition in our subsidiaries’ respective markets, the outcome of certain legislative and regulatory issues and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
I-35 Table of Contents Moreover, our and our subsidiaries’ ability to secure additional financing will depend upon the operating performance of our subsidiaries, the value of our investment in Charter, prevailing general economic and credit market conditions, including interest rate levels and the availability of credit generally, the state of competition in our subsidiaries’ respective markets, the outcome of certain legislative and regulatory issues and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
We are a holding company, and our sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from the operating activities of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, any dividends and interest we may receive from our investments, available funds under the Margin Loan Agreement (defined below) (which was $900 million as of December 31, 2022) and proceeds from any asset sales or other forms of asset monetization we may undertake in the future.
We are a holding company, and our sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from the operating activities of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, any dividends and interest we may receive from our investments, available funds under the Margin Loan Agreement (defined below) (which was $840 million as of December 31, 2023) and proceeds from any asset sales or other forms of asset monetization we may undertake in the future.
For additional limitations on our company’s ability to potentially service our direct debt obligations, see “ We are a holding company, and we could be unable to obtain cash in amounts sufficient to service our financial obligations or meet our other commitments ” and “ Other than cash generated from our I-34 Table of Contents participation in Charter’s stock repurchase program, we do not have access to the cash that Charter generates from its operating activities ” above.
For additional limitations on our company’s ability to potentially service our direct debt obligations, see “ We are a holding company, and we could be unable to obtain cash in amounts sufficient to service our financial obligations or meet our other commitments ” and “ Other than cash generated from our participation in Charter’s stock repurchase program, we do not have access to the cash that Charter generates from its operating activities ” above.
The fair value of our investment in Charter, on an as-converted basis, was approximately $16.0 billion as of December 31, 2022, which represents a meaningful portion of our total market value. As a result, our stock price will continue to be directly affected by the results of operations of Charter and the developments in its business.
The fair value of our investment in Charter, on an as-converted basis, was approximately $18.0 billion as of December 31, 2023, which represents a meaningful portion of our total market value. As a result, our stock price will continue to be directly affected by the results of operations of Charter and the developments in its business.
To the extent that Charter is I-46 Table of Contents unable to reach agreement with certain programmers on terms that it believes are reasonable, Charter has been, and may in the future be, forced to remove such programming channels from its line-up, which may result in a loss of customers.
To the extent that Charter is unable to reach agreement with certain programmers on terms that it believes are reasonable, Charter has been, and may in the future be, forced to remove such programming channels from its line-up, which may result in a loss of customers.
Charter generated approximately $14.9 billion, $16.2 billion and $14.6 billion of cash from its operations during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Charter uses the cash it generates from its operations primarily to fund its business operations, service its debt and other financial obligations and repurchase shares of its common stock.
Charter generated approximately $14.4 billion, $14.9 billion and $16.2 billion of cash from its operations during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Charter uses the cash it generates from its operations primarily to fund its business operations, service its debt and other financial obligations and repurchase shares of its common stock.
GCI’s rates of subscriber acquisition and turnover are affected by a number of competitive factors, including the size of its service areas, network performance and reliability issues, changing I-36 Table of Contents technologies including the transition to internet protocol television, its device and service offerings, subscribers’ perceptions of its services, and customer care quality.
GCI’s rates of subscriber acquisition and turnover are affected by a number of competitive factors, including the size of its service areas, network performance and reliability issues, changing technologies including the transition to internet protocol television, its device and service offerings, subscribers’ perceptions of its services, and customer care quality.
In addition, any potential conflict that qualifies as a “related party transaction” (as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K) is subject to review by an independent committee of the applicable issuer’s board of directors in accordance with its corporate governance I-32 Table of Contents guidelines.
In addition, any potential conflict that qualifies as a “related party transaction” (as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K) is subject to review by an independent committee of the applicable issuer’s board of directors in accordance with its corporate governance guidelines.
GCI’s facilities also include TERRA and its extensions some of which are unringed, operating in a remote environment, and are at times difficult to access for repairs. Damage to an undersea fiber optic cable system or TERRA and its extensions could result in significant unplanned expense.
GCI’s facilities also include TERRA and its extensions some of which are unringed, operating in a remote environment, and are at times difficult to access for repairs. Damage to an undersea fiber optic cable system or TERRA and its I-44 Table of Contents extensions could result in significant unplanned expense.
Charter may not have the ability to pass on to its customers all of the increases in programming costs, which could adversely affect its cash flow and operating margins. Programming costs are Charter’s single largest expense item. Charter’s programming costs have historically increased in excess of customary inflationary and cost-of-living type increases.
Charter may not have the ability to pass on to its customers all of the increases in programming costs, which could adversely affect its cash flow and operating margins. Programming costs are one of Charter’s largest expense items. Charter’s programming costs have historically increased in excess of customary inflationary and cost-of-living type increases.
Any failure to carry programming that is attractive to Charter’s customers could adversely impact Charter’s customer levels, operations and financial results. Any failure to respond to technological developments and meet customer demand for new products and services could adversely affect its ability to compete effectively. Charter operates in a highly competitive, consumer-driven and rapidly changing environment.
Any failure to I-48 Table of Contents carry programming that is attractive to Charter’s customers could adversely impact Charter’s customer levels, operations and financial results. Any failure to respond to technological developments and meet customer demand for new products and services could adversely affect its ability to compete effectively. Charter operates in a highly competitive, consumer-driven and rapidly changing environment.
The terms of the Margin Loan Agreement limit our company’s ability to secure additional financing on favorable terms. In addition, covenants included in the Senior Notes and Senior Credit Facility will limit the ability of certain subsidiaries to upstream or downstream cash for this purpose.
The terms of the Margin Loan Agreement limit our company’s ability to secure additional financing with our ownership interest in Charter on favorable terms. In addition, covenants included in the Senior Notes and Senior Credit Facility will limit the ability of certain subsidiaries to upstream or downstream cash for this purpose.
Video revenue has seen I-39 Table of Contents further losses as a result of the transition from traditional linear video delivery to IP delivery and GCI’s decision to discontinue selling bulk video packages for multi-dwelling units. GCI expects a continued decrease in video revenue and video subscribers.
Video revenue has seen further losses as a result of the transition from traditional linear video delivery to IP delivery and GCI’s decision to discontinue selling bulk video packages for multi-dwelling units. GCI expects a continued decrease in video revenue and video subscribers.
Infringement claims continue to be brought frequently in the communications and entertainment industries, and Charter is also often a party to such litigation alleging that certain of its services or technologies infringe the intellectual property rights of others.
Infringement claims continue to be brought frequently in I-49 Table of Contents the communications and entertainment industries, and Charter is also often a party to such litigation alleging that certain of its services or technologies infringe the intellectual property rights of others.
Our ability to use net operating loss and disallowed business interest carryforwards to reduce future tax payments could be negatively impacted if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), of our Company. ​ At December 31, 2022, we had deferred tax assets attributable to federal and state net operating losses and disallowed business interest carryforwards of $32 million and under the Code, we may carry forward our federal net operating losses and disallowed business interest deductions in certain circumstances to offset current and future taxable income and reduce our federal income tax liability, subject to certain requirements and restrictions.
I-34 Table of Contents Our ability to use net operating loss and disallowed business interest carryforwards to reduce future tax payments could be negatively impacted if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), of our Company. ​ At December 31, 2023, we had deferred tax assets attributable to federal and state net operating losses and disallowed business interest carryforwards of $36 million and under the Code, we may carry forward our federal net operating losses and disallowed business interest deductions in certain circumstances to offset current and future taxable income and reduce our federal income tax liability, subject to certain requirements and restrictions.
These changes could include, for example, the reclassification of Internet services as regulated telecommunications services or other utility-style regulation of Internet services; restrictions on how Charter manages its Internet access services and networks; the adoption of new privacy restrictions on its collection, use and disclosure of certain customer information; new data security and cybersecurity mandates that could result in additional network and information security and cyber incident-reporting requirements for Charter’s business; new restraints on Charter’s discretion over programming decisions; new restrictions on the rates Charter charges to consumers for one or more of the services or equipment options it offers; changes to the cable industry’s compulsory copyright license to carry broadcast signals; new requirements to assure the availability of navigation devices from third-party providers; new Universal Service Fund contribution obligations on Charter’s Internet service revenue that would add to the cost of that service; increases in government-administered broadband subsidies to rural areas that could result in subsidized overbuilding of its facilities; the exhaustion of funding for the FCC’s ACP or any changes to that program that could make it more difficult for Charter to provide services to low-income consumers; changes to the FCC’s administration of spectrum; pending court challenges to the legality of the FCC’s Universal Service programs, which, if successful, could adversely affect Charter’s receipt of universal service funds, including but not limited to FCC RDOF grants to expand its network, FCC E-rate funds to serve schools and libraries and FCC Rural Health Care funds to serve eligible health care providers; and changes in the regulatory framework for VoIP telephone service, including the scope of regulatory obligations associated with Charter’s VoIP telephone service and its ability to interconnect its VoIP telephone service with incumbent providers of traditional telecommunications service.
These changes have in the past, and could in the future, include, for example, the reclassification of Internet services as regulated telecommunications services or other utility-style regulation of Internet services; restrictions on how Charter manages its Internet access services and networks; the adoption of new customer service or service quality requirements for its Internet access services; the adoption of new privacy restrictions on its collection, use and disclosure of certain customer information; new data security and cybersecurity mandates that could result in additional network and information security and cyber incident-reporting requirements for Charter’s business; new restraints on Charter’s discretion over programming decisions; new restrictions on the rates Charter charges to consumers for one or more of the services or equipment options it offers; changes to the cable industry’s compulsory copyright to retransmit broadcast signals; new requirements to assure the availability of navigation devices from third-party providers; new Universal Service Fund contribution obligations on Charter’s Internet service revenue that would add to the cost of that service; increases in government-administered broadband subsidies to rural areas that could result in subsidized overbuilding of its facilities; changes to the FCC’s administration of spectrum; pending court challenges to the legality of the FCC’s Universal Service programs, which, if successful, could adversely affect Charter’s receipt of universal service funds, including but not limited to FCC RDOF grants to expand its network, FCC E-rate funds to serve schools and libraries and FCC Rural Health Care funds to serve eligible health care providers; and changes in the regulatory framework for VoIP telephone service, including the scope of regulatory obligations associated with Charter’s VoIP telephone service and its ability to interconnect its VoIP telephone service with incumbent providers of traditional telecommunications service.
Newer products and services, particularly alternative methods for the distribution, sale and viewing of content will likely continue to be developed, further increasing the number of competitors that Charter faces.
Newer products and services, particularly alternative methods for the distribution, sale and viewing of content may continue to be developed, further increasing the number of competitors that Charter faces.
In addition, John C. Malone currently beneficially owns shares representing the power to direct approximately 49% of the aggregate voting power in our company, due to his beneficial ownership of approximately 92% of the outstanding shares of our Series B common stock as of January 31, 2023.
In addition, John C. Malone currently beneficially owns shares representing the power to direct approximately 49% of the aggregate voting power in our company, due to his beneficial ownership of approximately 93% of the outstanding shares of our Series B common stock as of January 31, 2024.
Further, the agreements governing our and our subsidiaries’ other indebtedness contain various covenants that could materially and adversely affect our and our subsidiaries’ ability to finance future operations or capital needs and to engage in other business activities that may be in our and their best interest. ​ We may also enter into certain other indebtedness arrangements in the future.
Further, the agreements governing our and our subsidiaries’ other indebtedness contain various covenants that could materially and adversely affect our and our subsidiaries’ ability to finance future operations or capital needs and to engage in other business activities that may be in our and their best interest. ​ I-36 Table of Contents We may also enter into certain other indebtedness arrangements in the future.
Cyberattacks against GCI’s or the Company’s vendors’ technological infrastructure or breaches of network information technology may cause equipment failures, disruption of its or their operations, and potentially unauthorized access to confidential customer or employee data, which could subject the Company to increased costs and other liabilities as discussed further below.
Cyberattacks against GCI’s or our company’s vendors’ technological infrastructure or breaches of information systems may cause equipment failures, disruption of its or their operations, and potentially unauthorized access to confidential customer or employee data, which could subject our company to increased costs and other liabilities as discussed further below.
In addition, it is possible that we may need to incur additional indebtedness in the future. For example, at December 31, 2022, we had $900 million remaining available to be drawn, subject to certain terms and conditions, until five business days prior to May 12, 2024 under the Margin Loan Agreement and we could issue additional exchangeable senior debent ures.
In addition, it is possible that we may need to incur additional indebtedness in the future. For example, at December 31, 2023, we had $840 million remaining available to be drawn, subject to certain terms and conditions, until five business days prior to May 12, 2026 under the Margin Loan Agreement and we could issue additional exchangeable senior debent ures.
Charter’s significant amount of debt could have consequences, such as: ● impact its ability to raise additional capital at reasonable rates, or at all; ● make it vulnerable to interest rate increases, in part because approximately 15% of its borrowings as of December 31, 2022 were, and may continue to be, subject to variable rates of interest; ● expose it to increased interest expense to the extent it refinances existing debt with higher cost debt; ● require it to dedicate a significant portion of its cash flow from operating activities to make payments on its debt, reducing its funds available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate expenses; ● limit its flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business, the cable and telecommunications industries, and the economy at large; ● place it at a disadvantage compared to its competitors that have proportionately less debt; and ● adversely affect its relationship with customers and suppliers.
Charter’s significant amount of debt could have adverse consequences, such as: ● impact its ability to raise additional capital at reasonable rates, or at all; ● make it vulnerable to interest rate increases, in part because approximately 14% of its borrowings as of December 31, 2023 were, and may continue to be, subject to variable rates of interest; ● expose it to increased interest expense to the extent it refinances existing debt with higher cost debt; ● require it to dedicate a significant portion of its cash flow from operating activities to make payments on its debt, reducing its funds available for capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes; I-51 Table of Contents ● limit its flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business, the cable and telecommunications industries, and the economy at large; ● place it at a disadvantage compared to its competitors that have proportionately less debt; and ● adversely affect its relationship with customers and suppliers.
Unauthorized parties may attempt to gain access to the Company or its vendors’ computer systems by, among other things, hacking into its systems or those of third parties, through fraud or other means of deceiving the Company’s employees or its vendors, burglaries, errors by the Company or its vendors’ employees, misappropriation of data by employees, or other irregularities that may result in persons obtaining unauthorized access to its data.
Unauthorized parties attempt to gain access to our company’s and its vendors’ information systems by, among other things, hacking into its systems or those of third parties, through fraud or other means of deceiving our company’s employees or its vendors, burglaries, errors by our company or its vendors’ employees, misappropriation of data by employees, or other irregularities that may result in persons obtaining unauthorized access to its data.
Some of Charter’s hardware, software and operational support vendors, and service providers represent its sole source of supply or have, either through contract or as a result of intellectual property rights, a position of some I-45 Table of Contents exclusivity.
Some of Charter’s hardware, software and operational support vendors and service providers represent its sole source of supply or have, either through contract or as a result of intellectual property rights, a position of some exclusivity.
A failure to effectively anticipate or adapt to new technologies and changes in customer expectations and behavior could significantly adversely affect its competitive position with respect to the leisure time and discretionary spending of its customers and, as a result, affect its business and results of operations.
A failure to effectively anticipate or adapt to new technologies (including those that use AI) and changes in customer expectations and behavior could significantly adversely affect its competitive position with respect to the leisure time and discretionary spending of its customers and, as a result, affect its business and results of operations.
We and our subsidiaries have significant indebtedness, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. As discussed above, as of December 31, 2022, we and our subsidiaries had approximately $3.8 billion principal amount of debt outstanding.
We and our subsidiaries have significant indebtedness, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. As discussed above, as of December 31, 2023, we and our subsidiaries had approximately $3.7 billion principal amount of debt outstanding.
Any resulting customer dissatisfaction could adversely affect GCI’s ability to retain customers and attract new customers and may have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. In addition to introducing new technologies and offerings, GCI must phase out outdated and unprofitable technologies and services.
Any resulting customer dissatisfaction could adversely affect GCI’s ability to retain customers and attract new customers and may have an adverse effect on our company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. In addition to introducing I-41 Table of Contents new technologies and offerings, GCI must phase out outdated and unprofitable technologies and services.
GCI uses a third-party vendor for its customer billing systems. Any errors, cyber-attacks or other operational disruption could have adverse operational, financial and reputational effects on the Company’s business. GCI’s third-party billing services vendor may experience errors, cyber-attacks or other operational disruptions that could negatively impact GCI and over which GCI may have limited control.
GCI uses a third-party vendor for its customer billing systems. Any errors, cyber-attacks or other operational disruption could have adverse operational, financial, and reputational effects on our company’s business. GCI’s third-party billing services vendor may experience errors, cybersecurity incidents, or other operational disruptions of its information systems that could negatively impact GCI and over which GCI may have limited control.
If there were a prolonged general economic downturn, Charter may experience increased cancellations or non-payment by its customers or unfavorable changes in the mix I-48 Table of Contents of products purchased.
If there were a prolonged general economic downturn, Charter may experience increased cancellations or non-payment by its customers or unfavorable changes in the mix of products purchased.
A high rate of turnover or low or negative rate of new subscriber acquisition would reduce revenue and increase the total marketing expenditures required to attract the minimum number of subscribers required to sustain GCI’s business plan which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
A high rate of turnover or subscriber loss would reduce revenue and increase the total marketing expenditures required to attract the minimum number of subscribers required to sustain GCI’s business plan which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
To the extent GCI does not keep pace with technological advances or fails to timely respond to changes in competitive factors in its industry and in its markets, GCI could lose market share or experience a decline in its revenue and net income.
To the extent GCI does not keep pace with technological advances or fails to timely respond to changes in competitive factors in its industry and in its markets, GCI I-37 Table of Contents could lose market share or experience a decline in its revenue and net income.

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Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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See note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements found in Part II of this report for additional information on the Senior Credit Facility.
See note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements found in Part II of this report for additional information on the Senior Credit Facility.
The majority of GCI Holdings’ properties are located in Alaska. GCI Holdings leases most of its executive, corporate and administrative facilities and business offices. GCI Holdings’ operating, executive, corporate and administrative properties are in good condition. GCI Holdings considers its properties suitable and adequate for its present needs.
The majority of GCI Holdings’ properties are located in Alaska. GCI Holdings leases a large portion of its executive, corporate and administrative facilities and business offices. GCI Holdings’ operating, executive, corporate and administrative properties are in good condition. GCI Holdings considers its properties suitable and adequate for its present needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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Whether or not Charter ultimately prevails in any particular lawsuit or claim, litigation can be time consuming and costly and injure its reputation. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. ​ ​ I-56 Table of Contents PART II
Whether or not Charter ultimately prevails in any particular lawsuit or claim, litigation can be time consuming and costly and injure its reputation. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. ​ ​ I-59 Table of Contents PART II
Other Charter Proceedings The California Attorney General and the Alameda County, California District Attorney are investigating whether certain of Charter’s waste disposal policies, procedures and practices are in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the California Health and Safety Code. That investigation was commenced in January 2014. A similar investigation involving TWC was initiated in February 2012.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings Charter Proceedings The California Attorney General and the Alameda County, California District Attorney are investigating whether certain of Charter’s waste disposal policies, procedures and practices are in violation of the California Business and Professions Code and the California Health and Safety Code. That investigation was commenced in January 2014.
Charter is cooperating with these investigations. While Charter is unable to predict the outcome of these investigations, it does not expect that the outcome will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
A similar investigation involving Time Warner Cable, LLC was initiated in February 2012. Charter is cooperating with these investigations. While Charter is unable to predict the outcome of these investigations, it does not expect that the outcome will have a material effect on its operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Charter is a defendant or co-defendant in several lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various intellectual property relating to various aspects of its businesses. Other industry participants are also defendants in certain of these cases or related cases.
Other industry participants are also defendants in certain of these cases or related cases.
Removed
Item 3. Legal Proceedings Litigation Relating to the Combination Hollywood Firefighters’ Pension Fund, et al. v. GCI Liberty, Inc., et al. On October 9, 2020, a putative class action complaint was filed by two purported GCI Liberty stockholders in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware under the caption Hollywood Firefighters’ Pension Fund, et al. v.
Added
I-58 Table of Contents On April 27, 2022, Entropic Communications, LLC (“Entropic”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging that Charter infringed six patents relating to the deployment of certain set-top boxes, cable modems and cable modem termination systems. Entropic sought monetary damages, including future license fees.
Removed
GCI Liberty, Inc., et al. , Case No. 2020-0880. A new version of the complaint was filed on October 11, 2020. The complaint named as defendants GCI Liberty, as well as the members of the GCI Liberty board of directors. The complaint alleged, among other things, that Mr. Gregory B.
Added
On February 10, 2023, Entropic filed a separate lawsuit against Charter in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The lawsuit alleged infringement of three patents that also relate to the deployment of certain set-top boxes and cable modems. Entropic sought monetary damages.
Removed
Maffei, a director and the President and Chief Executive Officer of Liberty Broadband and, prior to the Combination, GCI Liberty, and Mr. John C.
Added
On February 10, 2023, Entropic filed two more lawsuits against Charter in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The two lawsuits alleged infringement of a total of twelve patents that relate to certain set-top boxes. Entropic sought monetary damages, including future license fees.
Removed
Malone, the Chairman of the board of directors of Liberty Broadband and, prior to the Combination, GCI Liberty, in their purported capacities as controlling stockholders and directors of GCI Liberty, and the other directors of GCI Liberty, breached their fiduciary duties by approving the Combination.
Added
On December 10, 2023, Charter and Entropic executed a settlement agreement that resolved all of these matters and the litigation was dismissed with prejudice. In addition to the Entropic litigation described above, Charter is a defendant or co-defendant in several lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various intellectual property relating to various aspects of its businesses.
Removed
The complaint also alleged that various prior and current relationships among members of the GCI Liberty special committee, Mr. Malone and Mr. Maffei rendered the members of the GCI Liberty special committee not independent. The complaint sought certification of a class action, declarations that Messrs.
Removed
Maffei and Malone and the other directors of GCI Liberty breached their fiduciary duties and the recovery of damages and other relief. I-54 Table of Contents On December 23, 2020, the plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint, which, among other things, included a new count of breach of fiduciary duty against Mr. Maffei and Mr.
Removed
Gregg Engles, the other former member of the GCI Liberty special committee, and new allegations that the price of GCI Liberty was depressed as a result of statements and omissions by Mr. Maffei in November of 2019. During the first quarter of 2021, the parties were conducting discovery with the trial scheduled for November 2021.
Removed
We believed the lawsuit was without merit. During March 2021 and in advance of the expenditure of significant time and costs to conduct the depositions proposed to have been taken in this action, the parties began negotiations with the class of plaintiffs for a potential settlement of this action.
Removed
On May 5, 2021, the plaintiffs (on behalf of themselves and other members of a proposed settlement class) and defendants entered into an agreement in principle to settle the litigation pursuant to which the parties agreed that the plaintiffs will dismiss their claims with prejudice, with customary releases, in return for a settlement payment of $110 million to be paid by Merger LLC (as successor-by-merger to GCI Liberty, Inc.) and/or insurers for the defendants and for GCI Liberty.
Removed
On June 17, 2021, the parties filed a Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement, Compromise, and Release.
Removed
On June 30, 2021, the Court preliminarily certified, solely for purposes of effectuating the proposed settlement, the action as a non-opt out class action on behalf of a settlement class consisting of all holders of GCI Liberty Series A common stock as of December 18, 2020.
Removed
The Court set a settlement hearing for October 5, 2021, to determine whether to permanently certify the class, whether the proposed settlement is fair, reasonable, and adequate to the settlement class, and whether to enter a judgment dismissing the action with prejudice, among other things.
Removed
On October 18, 2021, subsequent to that hearing, the Court issued a final order permanently certifying the Class and approving the settlement. The Court also awarded Plaintiffs’ Counsel $22 million in attorneys’ fees, which shall be paid out of the settlement fund.
Removed
Plaintiffs also requested that the Court issue an additional fee award, which Defendant opposed, not to be paid out of the settlement fund, in connection with a certain claim that was mooted earlier in the case (a “mootness fee”). On November 8, 2021, the Court awarded Plaintiffs’ Counsel a $9 million mootness fee, which Defendant subsequently paid.
Removed
Charter and Liberty Broadband - Delaware Litigation In August 2015, a purported stockholder of Charter, Matthew Sciabacucchi, filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, on behalf of a putative class of Charter stockholders, challenging the transactions involving Charter, TWC, Advance/Newhouse Partnership, and Liberty Broadband announced by Charter on May 26, 2015.
Removed
The lawsuit, which named as defendants Liberty Broadband, Charter and the board of directors of Charter, alleged that the transactions resulted from breaches of fiduciary duty by Charter’s directors and that Liberty Broadband improperly benefited from the challenged transactions at the expense of other Charter stockholders.
Removed
In January 2023, and in advance of the expenditure of significant time and costs, the parties reached a tentative agreement to settle the lawsuit. The settlement is subject to preliminary and final approval by the court and will result in a net payment to Charter as a result of the settlement of the derivative claims by the plaintiffs.
Removed
Liberty Broadband expects to pay approximately $38 million to Charter as a result of the tentative settlement, which has been accrued as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheet and recorded as a litigation settlement expense within operating income in the consolidated statements of operations.
Removed
There can be no assurance that this tentative settlement will be finalized and approved by the court. Pending finalization of the settlement and in the event the settlement is not finalized and approved by the court, Charter and Liberty Broadband will continue to vigorously defend this lawsuit.
Removed
In March 2020, Charter Communications, LLC (“CC, LLC”), an indirect subsidiary of Charter, was named as a defendant in a lawsuit filed in Dallas, Texas related to the fatal stabbing of an individual in her home by an off duty CC, LLC technician: William Goff, as Personal Representative of Betty Jo McClain Thomas, deceased, et al. v.
Removed
Roy James Holden, Jr. and Charter Communications, LLC, Case No. CC-20-01579-E, pending in County Court at Law No. 5 for Dallas County, Texas. The complaint alleged that CC, LLC was responsible for Mrs. Thomas’ death. Following a two phase trial, the jury returned a verdict finding CC, LLC ninety percent at fault for Mrs.
Removed
Thomas’ death, and awarded compensatory damages of $375 million to plaintiffs I-55 Table of Contents and then awarded $7.0 billion in punitive damages to plaintiffs on July 26, 2022. On October 7, 2022, plaintiffs filed a motion for a judgment that proposed a reduced total award of $1.1 billion.
Removed
The trial judge signed the judgment, and CC, LLC posted a $25 million bond to stay the judgment pending appeals.
Removed
On January 11, 2023, and after issuing a series of decreasing settlement demands over several months, the plaintiffs issued a new, lower settlement demand to CC, LLC and its insurers, and then on January 18, 2023, plaintiffs also filed a notice of remittitur with the court to further reduce the judgment to $262 million, comprised of $87 million in actual damages, and $175 million in punitive damages.
Removed
On January 24, 2023 and upon the insistence and demand of its insurers, CC, LLC reached a tentative settlement of this lawsuit at an amount substantially less than the reduced judgment and within CC, LLC’s insurance coverage. In the event the settlement is not ultimately finalized, CC, LLC will continue to vigorously defend this lawsuit including pursuing all available appeals.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Mine Safety Disclosures — required of mining issuers

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Item 4. ​ Mine Safety Disclosures ​ I-56 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Part II ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Item 5. ​ Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ​ II-1
Item 4. ​ Mine Safety Disclosures ​ I-59 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Part II ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Item 5. ​ Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ​ II-1

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Payment of cash dividends, if any, in the future will be determined by our board of directors in light of our earnings, financial condition and other relevant considerations. Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Payment of cash dividends, if any, in the future will be determined by our board of directors in light of our earnings, financial condition and other relevant considerations. Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
During the three months ended December 31, 2022, 31 shares of Liberty Broadband Series A common stock, zero shares of Liberty Broadband Series B common stock, 380 shares of Series C common stock and 150 shares of Liberty Broadband Preferred Stock were surrendered by our officers and employees to pay withholding taxes and other deductions in connection with the vesting of their restricted stock, restricted stock units and options.
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, 56 shares of Liberty Broadband Series A common stock, zero shares of Liberty Broadband Series B common stock, 208 shares of Series C common stock and zero shares of Liberty Broadband Preferred Stock were surrendered by our officers and employees to pay withholding taxes and other deductions in connection with the vesting of their restricted stock.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $669 million available to be used for share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase program.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $1.8 billion available to be used for share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase program.
Such over-the-counter market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-ups, mark-downs or commissions, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liberty Broadband Corporation ​ ​ ​ ​ Series B (LBRDB) ​ ​ ​ High Low 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ First quarter ​ $ 153.11 ​ 142.85 ​ Second quarter ​ $ 160.40 ​ 141.15 ​ Third quarter ​ $ 178.00 ​ 170.00 ​ Fourth quarter ​ $ 173.00 ​ 151.00 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ First quarter ​ $ 159.61 ​ 130.58 ​ Second quarter ​ $ 133.46 ​ 105.76 ​ Third quarter ​ $ 117.75 ​ 93.00 ​ Fourth quarter ​ $ 89.95 ​ 73.75 ​ ​ Holders As of January 31, 2023, there were 637, 77 and 2,129 holders of our Series A, Series B and Series C common stock, respectively.
Such over-the-counter market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-ups, mark-downs or commissions, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liberty Broadband Corporation ​ ​ ​ Series B common stock (LBRDB) ​ ​ ​ High Low 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ First quarter ​ $ 159.61 ​ 130.58 ​ Second quarter ​ $ 133.46 ​ 105.76 ​ Third quarter ​ $ 117.75 ​ 93.00 ​ Fourth quarter ​ $ 89.95 ​ 73.75 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ First quarter ​ $ 93.00 ​ 80.00 ​ Second quarter ​ $ 85.00 ​ 70.00 ​ Third quarter ​ $ 95.00 ​ 79.19 ​ Fourth quarter ​ $ 86.75 ​ 78.50 ​ ​ Holders As of January 31, 2024, there were 607, 73 and 2,091 holders of our Series A, Series B and Series C common stock, respectively.
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters of Equity Securities. Market Information Our Series A and Series C common stock trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbols “LBRDA” and “LBRDK,” respectively. Our Series B common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbol “LBRDB”, but it is not actively traded.
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our Series A and Series C common stock trade on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbols “LBRDA” and “LBRDK,” respectively.
II-1 Table of Contents A summary of the repurchase activity for the three months ended December 31, 2022 is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Series A Common Stock ​ Series C Common Stock ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (c) Total Number (d) Maximum Number ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ of Shares ​ (or Approximate Dollar ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchased as ​ Value) of Shares that ​ ​ ​ (a) Total Number ​ (b) Average ​ (a) Total Number ​ (b) Average ​ Part of Publicly ​ May Yet Be Purchased ​ ​ ​ of Shares ​ Price Paid per ​ of Shares ​ Price Paid per ​ Announced Plans or ​ Under the Plans or ​ Period ​ Purchased ​ Share ​ Purchased ​ Share ​ Programs ​ Programs ​ October 1 - 31, 2022 ​ 46,960 ​ $ 79.86 ​ 1,141,979 ​ $ 76.95 ​ 1,188,939 ​ ​ $2,151 million ​ November 1 - 30, 2022 ​ 133,398 ​ $ 88.60 851,285 ​ $ 85.15 ​ 984,683 ​ ​ $2,067 million ​ December 1 - 31, 2022 ​ 214,384 ​ $ 83.54 566,237 ​ $ 83.99 ​ 780,621 ​ ​ $2,002 million ​ Total ​ 394,742 ​ $ 84.81 2,559,501 ​ $ 81.24 2,954,243 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ There were no repurchases of Liberty Broadband Series B common stock or Liberty Broadband Preferred Stock during the three months ended December 31, 2022.
II-1 Table of Contents A summary of the repurchase activity for the three months ended December 31, 2023 is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Series A Common Stock ​ Series C Common Stock ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (c) Total Number (d) Maximum Number ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ of Shares ​ (or Approximate Dollar ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchased as ​ Value) of Shares that ​ ​ ​ (a) Total Number ​ (b) Average ​ (a) Total Number ​ (b) Average ​ Part of Publicly ​ May Yet Be Purchased ​ ​ ​ of Shares ​ Price Paid per ​ of Shares ​ Price Paid per ​ Announced Plans or ​ Under the Plans or ​ Period ​ Purchased ​ Share ​ Purchased ​ Share ​ Programs ​ Programs ​ October 1 - 31, 2023 ​ — ​ $ — ​ 148,854 ​ $ 88.18 ​ 148,854 ​ ​ $1,949 million ​ November 1 - 30, 2023 ​ — ​ $ — 808,485 ​ $ 83.33 ​ 808,485 ​ ​ $1,881 million ​ December 1 - 31, 2023 ​ — ​ $ — 1,356,244 ​ $ 78.65 ​ 1,356,244 ​ ​ $1,775 million ​ Total ​ — ​ $ — 2,313,583 ​ $ 80.90 2,313,583 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ There were no repurchases of Liberty Broadband Series B common stock or Liberty Broadband Series A Cumulative Preferred Stock (“Liberty Broadband Preferred Stock”) during the three months ended December 31, 2023.
There is no established public trading market for our Series B common stock, which is quoted on the OTC Markets.
The following table sets forth the quarterly range of high and low sales prices of our Series B common stock for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. There is no established public trading market for our Series B common stock, which is quoted on the OTC Markets.
Stock price information for securities traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market can be found on the Nasdaq’s website at www.nasdaq.com. The following table sets forth the quarterly range of high and low sales prices of our Series B common stock for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Our Series B common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets under the symbol “LBRDB,” but it is not actively traded. Stock price information for securities traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market can be found on the Nasdaq’s website at www.nasdaq.com.
Removed
On January 26, 2022, a duly authorized committee of the board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $2.215 billion of Liberty Broadband common stock and on August 17, 2022, the board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $2 billion of Liberty Broadband common stock.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Selected Financial Data — reserved (removed by SEC in 2021)

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Item 6. ​ [Reserved] ​ II-2 Item 7. ​ Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ​ II-2 Item 7A. ​ Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ​ II-20 Item 8. ​ Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ​ II-20
Item 6. ​ [Reserved] ​ II-2 Item 7. ​ Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ​ II-2 Item 7A. ​ Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk ​ II-17 Item 8. ​ Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ​ II-17

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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GCI Holdings continues to monitor these impacts closely and, if costs continue to rise, may be unable to recoup losses or offset diminished margins by passing these costs through to its customers or implementing offsetting cost reductions. Rural Health Care (“RHC”) Program GCI Holdings receives support from various Universal Service Fund ("USF") programs including the RHC Program.
GCI Holdings continues to monitor these impacts closely and, if costs continue to rise, GCI Holdings may be unable to recoup losses or offset diminished margins by passing these costs through to its customers or implementing offsetting cost reductions. Rural Health Care (“RHC”) Program GCI Holdings receives support from various Universal Service Fund ("USF") programs including the RHC Program.
On January 26, 2023, the Commission adopted an Order on Reconsideration, Report and Order, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which grants the petitions challenging the rates database, returns the RHC Telecom Program to the rate determination rules in place prior to the adoption of the rates database, permits providers to determine rural rates based on previously approved rates through the funding years ending June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2026, and seeks comment on future revisions to the rate determination rules.
On January 26, 2023, the FCC adopted an Order on Reconsideration, Report and Order, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which grants the petitions challenging the rates database, returns the RHC Telecom Program to the rate determination rules in place prior to the adoption of the rates database, permits providers to determine rural rates based on previously approved rates through the funding years ending June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2026, and seeks comment on future revisions to the rate determination rules.
We define Adjusted OIBDA as operating income (loss) plus depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, transaction costs, separately reported litigation settlements, restructuring, and impairment charges. Our chief operating decision maker and management team use this measure of performance in conjunction with other measures to evaluate our businesses and make decisions about allocating resources among our businesses.
We define Adjusted OIBDA as operating income (loss) plus depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, separately reported litigation settlements, restructuring, and impairment charges. Our chief operating decision maker and management team use this measure of performance in conjunction with other measures to evaluate our businesses and make decisions about allocating resources among our businesses.
In November 2017, the Universal Service Administrative Company ("USAC") requested further information in support of the rural rates charged to a number of GCI Holdings' RHC customers in connection with the funding requests for the year that runs July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018.
In November 2017, the Universal Service Administrative Company ("USAC") requested further information in support of the rural rates charged to a number of GCI Holdings' RHC customers in connection with the funding requests for the year that ran July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018.
The DOJ is investigating whether GCI Holdings submitted false claims and/or statements in connection with GCI’s participation in the FCC’s RHC Program. On July 14, 2021, the DOJ issued a Civil Investigative Demand with regard to the qui tam action.
The DOJ was investigating whether GCI Holdings submitted false claims and/or statements in connection with GCI’s participation in the FCC’s RHC Program. On July 14, 2021, the DOJ issued a Civil Investigative Demand with regard to the qui tam action.
Liquidity and Capital Resources As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents are invested in U.S. Treasury securities, other government securities or government guaranteed funds, AAA rated money market funds and other highly rated financial and corporate debt instruments.
Liquidity and Capital Resources As of December 31, 2023, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents are invested in U.S. Treasury securities, other government securities or government guaranteed funds, AAA rated money market funds and other highly rated financial and corporate debt instruments.
On April 21, 2021, representatives of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) informed GCI Holdings that a qui tam action has been filed in the Western District of Washington arising from the subject matter under review by the Enforcement Bureau.
On April 21, 2021, representatives of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) informed GCI Holdings that a qui tam action had been filed in the Western District of Washington arising from the subject matter under review by the Enforcement Bureau.
This includes inquiry into the rates charged by GCI Holdings and other aspects related to the Enforcement Bureau’s review of GCI Holdings’ compliance with program rules, which are discussed separately below.
This included inquiry into the rates charged by GCI Holdings and other aspects related to the Enforcement Bureau’s review of GCI Holdings’ compliance with program rules, which are discussed separately below.
The following are potential sources of liquidity: available cash balances, cash generated by the operating activities of our privately-owned subsidiaries (to the extent such cash exceeds the working capital needs of the subsidiaries and is not otherwise restricted), monetization of investments (including Charter Repurchases (as defined in note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and discussed below)), outstanding or anticipated debt facilities (as defined in note 8 to the accompany consolidated financial statements), debt and equity issuances, and dividend and interest receipts.
The following are potential sources of liquidity: available cash balances, cash generated by the operating activities of our privately-owned subsidiaries (to the extent such cash exceeds the working capital needs of the subsidiaries and is not otherwise restricted), monetization of investments (including Charter Repurchases (as defined in note 5 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and discussed below)), outstanding or anticipated debt facilities (as discussed in note 7 to the accompany consolidated financial statements), debt and equity issuances, and dividend and interest receipts.
The projected uses of our cash are the potential buyback of common stock under the approved share buyback program, net capital expenditures of approximately $185 million, approximately $175 million for interest payments on outstanding debt, approximately $15 million for preferred stock dividends, funding of any operational needs of our subsidiaries, to reimburse Liberty for amounts due under various agreements and to fund potential investment opportunities.
The projected uses of our cash are the potential buyback of common stock under the approved share buyback program, net capital expenditures of approximately $200 million, approximately $210 million for interest payments on outstanding debt, approximately $15 million for preferred stock dividends, funding of any operational needs of our subsidiaries, to reimburse Liberty for amounts due under various agreements and to fund potential investment opportunities.
This process requires our management to make judgments regarding the timing and probability of the ultimate tax impact of the various agreements and transactions that we enter into. Based on these judgments we may record tax reserves or adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets to reflect the expected realizability of future tax benefits.
This process requires our management to make judgments regarding the timing and probability of the ultimate tax impact of the various agreements and transactions that we enter into. Based on these judgments we may record tax reserves or adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets to reflect the expected II-14 Table of Contents realizability of future tax benefits.
Strategies and Challenges Executive Summary GCI Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, provides a full range of data, wireless, video, voice, and managed services to residential customers, businesses, governmental entities, and educational and medical institutions primarily in Alaska under the GCI brand.
II-2 Table of Contents Strategies and Challenges Executive Summary GCI Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, provides a full range of data, wireless, video, voice, and managed services to residential customers, businesses, governmental entities, and educational and medical institutions primarily in Alaska under the GCI brand.
Overview Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband,” “the Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) is primarily comprised of GCI Holdings, LLC (“GCI Holdings” or “GCI”) (as of December 18, 2020), a wholly owned subsidiary, and an equity method investment in Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”).
Overview Liberty Broadband Corporation (“Liberty Broadband,” “the Company,” “us,” “we,” or “our”) is primarily comprised of GCI Holdings, LLC (“GCI Holdings” or “GCI”), a wholly owned subsidiary, and an equity method investment in Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”).
Subsequently, GCI identified rates for similar services provided by a competitor that would justify higher rates for certain GCI satellite services in the funding years that ended on June 30, 2018, June 30, 2019, and June 30, 2020. GCI submitted that information to the Bureau on September 7, 2021. The Applications for Review remain pending.
Subsequently, GCI identified rates for similar services provided by a competitor that would justify higher rates for certain GCI satellite services in the funding years that ended on June 30, 2018, June 30, 2019, and June 30, 2020. GCI submitted that information to the Bureau on September 7, 2021.
GCI Holdings notified the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau of the potential compliance issues; however, the Company is unable to assess the ultimate outcome of the potential compliance issues and is unable to reasonably estimate any range of loss or possible loss. Revision of Support Calculations.
GCI Holdings notified the FCC’s Enforcement Bureau of the potential compliance issues; however, the Company is unable to assess the ultimate outcome of the potential compliance issues and is unable to reasonably estimate any range of loss or possible loss.
Although it is reasonably possible we may incur losses upon conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made, except for those matters disclosed in notes 10 and 14 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Although it is reasonably possible we may incur losses upon conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made, except for those matters disclosed in notes 9 and 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
II-15 Table of Contents The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of its intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets to be used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or asset groups might not be recoverable.
The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of its intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets to be used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or asset groups might not be recoverable.
The Alaska economy is subject to recessionary pressures as a result of the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, volatility in oil prices, inflation, and other causes that could result in a decrease in economic activity.
The Alaska economy is subject to recessionary pressures as a result of the economic impacts of volatility in oil prices, inflation, and other causes that could result in a decrease in economic activity.
Factors that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate that could affect the value of the asset group, or a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset group, among others.
Factors that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate that II-13 Table of Contents could affect the value of the asset group, or a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset group, among others.
GCI Holdings provides a full range of data, wireless, video, voice, and managed services to residential, businesses, governmental entities, and educational and medical institutions primarily in Alaska.
Results of Operations—GCI Holdings, LLC GCI Holdings provides a full range of data, wireless, video, voice, and managed services to residential, businesses, governmental entities, and educational and medical institutions primarily in Alaska.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had net accounts receivable from the RHC Program in the amount of approximately $80 million, which is included within Trade and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. FCC Rate Reduction.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had net accounts receivable from the RHC Program in the amount of approximately $74 million, which is included within Trade and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. FCC Rate Reduction.
GCI Holdings collected approximately $175 million in accounts receivable relating to these two funding years during the year ended December 31, 2021. GCI Holdings also filed an Application for Review of these II-4 Table of Contents determinations.
GCI Holdings collected approximately $175 million in accounts receivable relating to these two funding years during the year ended December 31, 2021. GCI Holdings also filed an Application for Review of these determinations.
Amounts do not assume additional borrowings or refinancings of existing debt. (2) Amounts (i) are based on our outstanding debt at December 31, 2022, (ii) assume the interest rates on our variable rate debt remain constant at the December 31, 2022 rates and (iii) assume that our existing debt is repaid at contractual maturity.
Amounts do not assume additional borrowings or refinancings of existing debt. II-12 Table of Contents (2) Amounts (i) are based on our outstanding debt at December 31, 2023, (ii) assume the interest rates on our variable rate debt remain constant at the December 31, 2023 rates and (iii) assume that our existing debt is repaid at contractual maturity.
Charter is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator serving more than 32 million customers in 41 states through its Spectrum brand. Over an advanced high-capacity, two-way telecommunications network, Charter offers a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet, TV, Mobile and Voice.
Charter is a leading broadband connectivity company and cable operator serving more than 32 million customers in 41 states through its Spectrum brand. Over an advanced communications network, Charter offers a full range of state-of-the-art residential and business services including Spectrum Internet, TV, Mobile and Voice.
In addition, during 2022, GCI Holdings began to experience the impact of inflation-sensitive items, including upward pressure on the costs of materials, labor, and other items that are critical to GCI Holding’s business.
In addition, during 2022 and continuing in 2023, GCI Holdings began to experience the impact of inflation-sensitive items, including upward pressure on the costs of materials, labor, and other items that are critical to GCI Holdings’ business.
II-5 Table of Contents The DOJ and GCI Holdings held discussions regarding the qui tam action whereby the DOJ clarified that its investigation relates to the years from 2010 through 2019 and alleged that GCI Holdings had submitted false claims under the RHC Program during this time period.
The DOJ and GCI Holdings held discussions regarding the qui tam action whereby the DOJ clarified that its investigation relates to the years from 2010 through 2019 and alleged that GCI Holdings had submitted false claims under the RHC Program during this time period.
In the fourth quarter of 2019, GCI Holdings became aware of potential RHC Program compliance issues related to certain of GCI Holdings’ currently active and expired contracts with certain of its RHC customers.
II-4 Table of Contents In the fourth quarter of 2019, GCI Holdings became aware of potential RHC Program compliance issues related to certain of GCI Holdings’ currently active and expired contracts with certain of its RHC customers.
Amortization related to debt and intangible assets with identifiable useful lives is included in the Company’s share of earnings (losses) from affiliates line item in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and aggregated $232 million, $234 million, and $144 million, net of related taxes, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Amortization related to debt and intangible assets with identifiable useful lives is included in the Company’s share of earnings (losses) from affiliates line item in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and aggregated $277 million and $232 million, net of related taxes, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
We provide information regarding our consolidated operating results and other income and expenses, as well as information regarding the contribution to those items from our reportable segments in the tables below. The "Corporate and other" category consists of those assets or businesses which do not qualify as a separate reportable segment.
II-6 Table of Contents Results of Operations—Consolidated General. We provide information regarding our consolidated operating results and other income and expenses, as well as information regarding the contribution to those items from our reportable segments in the tables below. The "Corporate and other" category consists of those assets or businesses which do not qualify as a separate reportable segment.
During May 2014, the board of directors of Liberty Media Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Liberty”) authorized management to pursue a plan to spin-off to its stockholders common stock of a wholly-owned subsidiary, Liberty Broadband, and to distribute subscription rights to acquire shares of Liberty Broadband’s common stock (the “Broadband Spin-Off”).
During May 2014, the board of directors of Liberty Media Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Liberty”) authorized management to pursue a plan to spin-off to its stockholders common stock of a wholly-owned subsidiary, Liberty Broadband, and to distribute subscription rights to acquire shares of Liberty Broadband’s common stock (the “Broadband Spin-Off”). On December 18, 2020, GCI Liberty, Inc.
Charter also distributes award-winning news coverage and sports programming to its customers through Spectrum Networks. At December 31, 2022, Liberty Broadband owned approximately 47.2 million shares of Charter Class A common stock, representing an approximate 30.9% economic ownership interest in Charter’s issued and outstanding shares.
Charter also distributes award-winning news coverage and sports programming to its customers through Spectrum Networks. At December 31, 2023, Liberty Broadband owned approximately 46.3 million shares of Charter Class A common stock, representing an approximate 31.9% economic ownership interest in Charter’s issued and outstanding shares.
Charter’s principal competitors for video services are DBS service providers, as well as virtual multichannel video programming distributors such as Hulu Live, YouTube TV, Sling TV, Philo and DirecTV Stream. Charter’s principal competitors for Internet services are the broadband services provided by companies, including fiber-to-the-home, fixed wireless broadband, Internet delivered via satellite and DSL services.
Charter’s principal competitors for video services are virtual multichannel video programming distributors such as Hulu Live, YouTube TV, Sling TV, Philo and DirecTV Stream, as well as direct broadcast satellite service providers. Charter’s principal competitors for Internet services are the broadband services provided by companies, including fiber-to-the-home, fixed wireless broadband, Internet delivered via satellite and digital subscriber line services.
The Company’s income approach model used for its reporting unit valuation is consistent with that used for the cable certificates except that cash flows from the entire business enterprise are used. II-16 Table of Contents Income Taxes.
The Company’s income approach model used for its reporting unit valuation is consistent with that used for the cable certificates except that cash flows from the entire business enterprise are used. Income Taxes.
As of December 31, 2022, property and equipment and customer relationships have weighted average remaining useful lives of approximately 5 years and 8 years, respectively. Outstanding debt is amortized over the contractual period using the straight-line method.
As of December 31, 2023, property and equipment and customer relationships have weighted average remaining useful lives of approximately 4 years and 7 years, respectively. Outstanding debt is amortized over the contractual period using the straight-line method.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash flows used in financing activities were primarily repurchases of Series A and Series C Liberty Broadband common stock of $2.9 billion, partially offset by net borrowings of debt of approximately $100 million of outstanding Revolving Loans (as defined in note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) under the Margin Loan Facility.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash flows used in financing activities were primarily repurchases of Liberty Broadband Series A and Series C common stock of $2.9 billion, partially offset by net borrowings of debt of approximately $100 million of outstanding Revolving Loans under the Margin Loan Facility.
(“Skyhook”) was a wholly owned subsidiary of Liberty Broadband until its sale on May 2, 2022 for aggregate consideration of approximately $194 million, including amounts held in escrow of approximately $23 million.
(“Skyhook”) was a wholly owned subsidiary of Liberty Broadband until its sale on May 2, 2022 for aggregate consideration of approximately $194 million, including amounts held in escrow of approximately $23 million that were released to Liberty Broadband on May 3, 2023.
On May 24, 2021, the FCC approved the cost studies submitted by GCI Holdings for the funding year ended June 30, 2021. Subsequently, on August 16, 2021, GCI submitted a request for approval of rates for 17 additional sites, 13 of which the FCC approved on December 22, 2022. The rest remain pending. RHC Program Funding Cap.
On May 24, 2021, the FCC approved the cost studies submitted by GCI Holdings for the funding year ended June 30, 2021. Subsequently, on August 16, 2021, GCI submitted a request for approval of rates for 17 additional sites, all of which the FCC approved. RHC Program Funding Cap.
GCI Holdings continues to work with the DOJ related to this matter and has recorded a $14 million estimated settlement expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 to reflect discussions and settlement offers that GCI Holdings made to the DOJ during 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, GCI Holdings recorded a $14 million estimated settlement expense to reflect discussions and settlement offers that GCI Holdings made to the DOJ.
The decrease in 2021 is primarily due to decreases in issuance of Charter’s common stock from the exercise of stock options held by employees and other third parties, partially offset by a gain on dilution related to Charter’s repurchase of Liberty Broadband’s Charter shares.
The loss on dilution of investment in affiliate decreased primarily due to a decrease in issuance of Charter common stock from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock units held by employees and other third parties, partially offset by a smaller gain on dilution related to Charter’s repurchase of Liberty Broadband’s Charter shares.
During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, net cash flows provided by investing activities were primarily related to the sale of 6,168,174 and 6,077,664 shares of Charter Class A common stock for $3.0 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively, to maintain our fully diluted ownership percentage of Charter at 26%.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, net cash flows provided by investing activities were primarily related to the sale of Charter Class A common stock for $394 million and $3.0 billion, respectively, to maintain our fully diluted ownership percentage of Charter at 26%.
Net earnings (losses) We had net earnings of $1,257 million, $732 million and $398 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The change in net earnings (losses) was the result of the above-described fluctuations in our revenue, expenses and other gains and losses.
Net earnings (losses) We had net earnings of $688 million and $1.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change in net earnings (losses) was the result of the above-described fluctuations in our revenue, expenses and other gains and losses.
The following table highlights selected key performance indicators used in evaluating GCI Holdings. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2022 2021 2020 Consumer ​ Data: ​ Cable modem subscribers 1 ​ 157,200 151,900 140,600 Wireless: ​ Wireless lines in service 2 ​ 191,100 185,200 176,900 1 A cable modem subscriber is defined by the purchase of cable modem service regardless of the level of service purchased.
The following table highlights selected key performance indicators used in evaluating GCI Holdings. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 31, ​ ​ 2023 2022 Consumer ​ Data: ​ Cable modem subscribers 1 ​ 159,700 157,200 Wireless: ​ Wireless lines in service 2 ​ 197,300 191,100 1 A cable modem subscriber is defined by the purchase of cable modem service regardless of the level of service purchased.
A growing number of commercial areas, such as retail malls, restaurants and airports, offer WiFi Internet service. Numerous local governments are also considering or actively pursuing publicly subsidized WiFi Internet access networks. These options offer alternatives to cable-based Internet access.
A growing number of commercial areas, such as retail malls, restaurants and airports, offer WiFi Internet service. Numerous local governments are also considering or actively pursuing publicly subsidized WiFi Internet access networks. In addition, providers are constructing open access networks that can deliver services from multiple underlying Internet service providers. These options offer alternatives to cable-based Internet access.
In addition, Charter continues to evolve and upgrade its network to provide higher Internet speeds and reliability and invest in its products and customer service platforms.
Charter continues to upgrade its network to provide higher Internet speeds and reliability and invest in its products and customer service platforms. Charter also continues to develop its video product.
II-11 Table of Contents Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net are comprised of changes in the fair value of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ ​ 2022 ​ 2021 ​ 2020 ​ ​ amounts in millions Indemnification obligation ​ $ 273 ​ 21 ​ (9) ​ Exchangeable senior debentures ​ ​ 61 ​ 46 ​ (74) ​ ​ ​ $ 334 67 (83) ​ The changes in these accounts are primarily due to market factors and changes in the fair value of the underlying stocks or financial instruments to which these related (see notes 5 and 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion).
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net are comprised of changes in the fair value of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 ​ ​ amounts in millions Indemnification obligation ​ $ 5 ​ 273 ​ Exchangeable senior debentures ​ ​ (106) ​ 61 ​ ​ ​ $ (101) 334 ​ The changes in these accounts are primarily due to market factors and changes in the fair value of the underlying stocks or financial instruments to which these related (see notes 4 and 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion).
Through a number of prior years’ transactions, including the Combination, Liberty Broadband has acquired an interest in Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”). Liberty Broadband controls 25.01% of the aggregate voting power of Charter. Skyhook Holdings, Inc.
(“GCI Liberty”), the parent company of GCI Holdings, was acquired by Liberty Broadband (the “Combination”). Through a number of prior years’ transactions, including the Combination, Liberty Broadband has acquired an interest in Charter. Liberty Broadband controls 25.01% of the aggregate voting power of Charter. Skyhook Holdings, Inc.
Operating income decreased at GCI Holdings for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the corresponding prior year period, and increased for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. See “Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC” below for a more complete discussion of the results of operations of GCI Holdings.
Revenue at GCI Holdings increased $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. See “Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC” below for a more complete discussion of the results of operations of GCI Holdings.
In 2022, Charter also made targeted investments in employee wages and benefits inside of its operations to build employee skill sets and tenure as well as continued investments in digitization of its customer service platforms and proactive maintenance all with the goal of improving the customer experience, reducing transactions and driving customer growth.
Charter is also beginning to see operational benefits from the targeted investments it is making in employee wages and benefits to build employee skill sets and tenure, as well as the continued investments in digitization of customer service platforms and proactive maintenance, all with the goal of improving the customer experience, reducing transactions and driving customer growth and retention.
Income taxes Earnings (losses) before income taxes and income tax (expense) benefit are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2022 2021 ​ 2020 ​ ​ ​ amounts in millions ​ Earnings (loss) before income taxes ​ $ 1,534 ​ 950 ​ 361 ​ Income tax (expense) benefit ​ (277) ​ (218) ​ 37 ​ Effective income tax rate ​ 18% ​ 23% ​ 10% ​ ​ Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 18%.
II-10 Table of Contents Income taxes Earnings (losses) before income taxes and income tax (expense) benefit are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2023 2022 ​ ​ ​ amounts in millions ​ Earnings (loss) before income taxes ​ $ 888 ​ 1,534 ​ Income tax (expense) benefit ​ (200) ​ (277) ​ Effective income tax rate ​ 23% ​ 18% ​ ​ Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was 23%.
The increase in 2022 was driven by higher interest rates on our variable rate debt. The increase in 2021 was driven by additional amounts outstanding on the Margin Loan Facility, the 2.75% Debentures and the 1.25% Debentures (each as defined in note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
The increase was driven by higher interest rates on our variable rate debt and by higher amounts outstanding on the Margin Loan Facility (as defined in note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
There is a risk that GCI Holdings’ accounts receivable and bad debt expense could increase substantially in a recessionary environment. If a recession occurs, it could negatively affect GCI Holdings’ business including its financial position, results of operations, or liquidity, as well as its ability to service debt, pay other obligations and enhance shareholder returns.
If a recession occurs, it could negatively affect GCI Holdings’ business including its financial position, results of operations, or liquidity, as well as its ability to service debt, pay other obligations and enhance shareholder returns.
By continually improving its product set and offering consumers the opportunity to save money by switching to its services, Charter believes it can continue to penetrate its expanding footprint and attract more spend on additional products for its existing customers. Results of Operations—Consolidated General.
By continually improving its product set and offering consumers the opportunity to save money by switching to Charter’s services, Charter believes it can continue to penetrate its expanding footprint and sell additional products to existing customers.
Information concerning the amount and timing of current and long-term material cash requirements, both accrued and off-balance sheet, excluding loss contingencies and uncertain tax positions, if any, where it is indeterminable when payments will be made, is summarized below: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Payments due by period ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Less than ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ After ​ ​ Total ​ 1 year ​ 2 - 3 years ​ 4 - 5 years ​ 5 years ​ ​ amounts in millions Material Cash Requirements ​ ​ Debt (1) ​ $ 3,817 ​ 3 ​ 1,406 ​ 391 ​ 2,017 ​ Preferred stock liquidation value ​ ​ 180 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 180 ​ Interest expense and preferred stock dividends (2) ​ ​ 1,339 ​ 184 ​ 221 ​ 170 ​ 764 ​ Finance and operating lease obligations ​ ​ 128 ​ 48 ​ 55 ​ 11 ​ 14 ​ Tower obligations, including interest ​ ​ 140 ​ 8 ​ 16 ​ 16 ​ 100 ​ Purchase obligations ​ ​ 119 ​ 59 ​ 37 ​ 16 ​ 7 ​ Total ​ $ 5,723 ​ 302 ​ 1,735 ​ 604 ​ 3,082 ​ (1) Amounts are reflected in the table at the outstanding principal amount at December 31, 2022, assuming the debt instrument will remain outstanding until the stated maturity date, and may differ from the amounts stated in our consolidated balance sheet to the extent debt instruments (i) were issued at a discount or premium or II-14 Table of Contents (ii) have elements which are reported at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets.
Information concerning the amount and timing of current and long-term material cash requirements, both accrued and off-balance sheet, excluding loss contingencies and uncertain tax positions, if any, where it is indeterminable when payments will be made, is summarized below: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Payments due by period ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Less than ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ After ​ ​ Total ​ 1 year ​ 2 - 3 years ​ 4 - 5 years ​ 5 years ​ ​ amounts in millions Material Cash Requirements ​ ​ Debt (1) ​ $ 3,724 ​ 3 ​ 1,616 ​ 838 ​ 1,267 ​ Preferred stock liquidation value ​ ​ 180 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 180 ​ Interest expense and preferred stock dividends (2) ​ ​ 1,847 ​ 221 ​ 370 ​ 169 ​ 1,087 ​ Finance and operating lease obligations ​ ​ 122 ​ 49 ​ 47 ​ 13 ​ 13 ​ Tower obligations, including interest ​ ​ 132 ​ 8 ​ 16 ​ 17 ​ 91 ​ Purchase obligations ​ ​ 158 ​ 116 ​ 37 ​ 5 ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 6,163 ​ 397 ​ 2,086 ​ 1,042 ​ 2,638 ​ (1) Amounts are reflected in the table at the outstanding principal amount at December 31, 2023, assuming the debt instrument will remain outstanding until the stated maturity date and may differ from the amounts stated in our consolidated balance sheet to the extent debt instruments (i) were issued at a discount or premium or (ii) have elements which are reported at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets.
GCI Holdings’ Adjusted OIBDA improved $4 million and $344 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods. See “Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC” below for a more complete discussion of the results of operations of GCI Holdings.
GCI Holdings’ Adjusted OIBDA improved $3 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. See “Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC” below for a more complete discussion of the results of operations of GCI Holdings.
Charter’s principal competitors for voice and mobile services are other mobile and wireline phone providers, as well as other forms of communication, such as text messaging on cellular phones, instant messaging, social networking services, video conferencing and email.
In addition, providers are constructing open access networks that can deliver services from multiple underlying Internet service providers. Charter’s principal competitors for voice and mobile services are other mobile and wireline phone providers, as well as other forms of communication, such as text messaging on cellular phones, instant messaging, social networking services, video conferencing and email.
(“Qurate Retail”) that resulted in increased losses of $69 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See more discussion about the tax sharing agreement with Qurate Retail in note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The tax sharing receivable with Qurate Retail resulted in tax sharing income of $11 million and tax sharing loss of $79 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See more discussion about the tax sharing agreement with Qurate Retail in note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Litigation settlement increased $29 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. This was due to an increase in the estimated liability of $29 million relating to compliance with RHC program rules which reflects settlement offers that GCI Holdings made to the DOJ and the Enforcement Bureau of the FCC in 2022.
Litigation settlement decreased $29 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The litigation settlement of $29 million recorded during 2022 was an increase in the estimated liability relating to compliance with RHC Program rules which reflect settlement offers that GCI Holdings made to the DOJ in June and September 2022.
See “Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC” below for a more complete discussion of the results of operations of GCI Holdings. II-7 Table of Contents Revenue for Corporate and other decreased for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the corresponding prior year period, due to the sale of Skyhook.
See “Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC” below for a more complete discussion of the results of operations of GCI Holdings. II-7 Table of Contents Operating loss for Corporate and other improved $49 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.
In February 2021, Liberty Broadband entered into a letter agreement in order to implement, facilitate and satisfy the terms of the Stockholders Agreement with respect to the Equity Cap (see more information in note 6 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). The Company expects the Charter Repurchases to be a significant source of liquidity in future periods.
In February 2021, Liberty Broadband entered into a letter agreement in order to implement, facilitate and satisfy the terms of the Stockholders Agreement with respect to the Equity Cap (see more information II-11 Table of Contents in note 5 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
Programming costs decreased during 2022 compared to the corresponding period in 2021 as a result of fewer customers and a higher mix of lower cost video packages within Charter’s video customer base, offset by contractual rate adjustments, including renewals and increases in amounts paid for retransmission consent.
Operating costs during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022 , were impacted by lower programming costs as a result of a higher mix of lower cost video packages within Charter’s video customer base, fewer customers and a $61 million benefit related to the temporary loss of Disney programming during 2023, partly offset by contractual rate adjustments, including renewals and increases in amounts paid for retransmission consent.
This was the result of both the transition from traditional linear video delivery to IP delivery and GCI Holdings’ decision to discontinue selling bulk video packages for multi-dwelling units.
Consumer other revenue consists of consumer video and voice revenue. The decrease was due to a decrease in video revenue primarily driven by decreased video subscribers. This was the result of both the transition from traditional linear video delivery to IP delivery and GCI Holdings’ decision to discontinue selling bulk video packages for multi-dwelling units.
Mounting inflationary cost pressures and recessionary fears have negatively impacted the U.S. and global economy. Unfavorable economic conditions, such as a recession or economic slowdown in the U.S., or inflation in the markets in which GCI operates, could negatively affect the affordability of and demand for GCI’s products and services and its cost of doing business.
Unfavorable economic conditions, such as a recession or economic slowdown in the U.S., or inflation in the markets in which GCI operates, could negatively affect the affordability of and demand for GCI’s products and services and its cost of doing business. The Alaska economy is dependent upon the oil industry, state and federal spending, investment earnings and tourism.
II-3 Table of Contents GCI Holdings GCI Holdings offers wireless and wireline telecommunication services, data services, video services, and managed services to customers primarily throughout Alaska. Because of this geographic concentration, growth of GCI Holdings’ business and operations depends upon economic conditions in Alaska.
GCI Holdings GCI Holdings offers wireless and wireline telecommunication services, data services, video services, and managed services to customers primarily throughout Alaska. Because of this geographic concentration, growth of GCI Holdings’ business and operations depends upon economic conditions in Alaska. In recent years, varying factors have contributed to significant volatility and disruption of financial markets and global supply chains.
The Alaska economy is dependent upon the oil industry, state and federal spending, investment earnings and tourism. A decline in oil prices would put significant pressure on the Alaska state government budget. The Alaska state government has significant reserves that GCI Holdings believes will help fund the state government for the next couple of years.
A decline in oil prices would put significant pressure on the Alaska state government budget. The Alaska state government has financial reserves that GCI Holdings believes may be able to help fund the state government for the next couple of years.
Other Income and Expense: Components of Other Income (Expense) are presented in the table below. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2022 ​ 2021 ​ 2020 ​ ​ amounts in millions Other income (expense): ​ ​ Interest expense ​ $ (133) ​ (117) ​ (28) ​ Share of earnings (losses) of affiliate ​ 1,326 1,194 713 ​ Gain (loss) on dilution of investment in affiliate ​ (63) (102) (184) ​ Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net ​ 334 67 (83) ​ Gain (loss) on dispositions, net ​ ​ 179 ​ 12 ​ — ​ Other, net ​ (70) (6) 3 ​ ​ ​ $ 1,573 1,048 421 ​ Interest expense Interest expense increased $16 million and $89 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods.
Other Income and Expense: Components of Other income (expense) are presented in the table below. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2023 ​ 2022 ​ ​ amounts in millions Other income (expense): ​ ​ Interest expense ​ $ (206) ​ (133) ​ Share of earnings (losses) of affiliate ​ 1,155 1,326 ​ Gain (loss) on dilution of investment in affiliate ​ (60) (63) ​ Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net ​ (101) 334 ​ Gain (loss) on dispositions, net ​ ​ — ​ 179 ​ Other, net ​ 27 (70) ​ ​ ​ $ 815 1,573 ​ Interest expense Interest expense increased $73 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.
If one entity purchases multiple cable modem service access points, each access point is counted as a subscriber. 2 A wireless line in service is defined as a wireless device with a monthly fee for services.
If one entity purchases multiple cable modem service access points, each access point is counted as a subscriber.
Other, net Other, net expense increased $64 million and $9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods. The increase in both years was primarily due to a tax sharing receivable with Qurate Retail, Inc.
Other, net Other, net income increased $97 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to a tax sharing receivable with Qurate Retail, Inc. (“Qurate Retail”).
II-17 Table of Contents GCI Holdings’ operating results for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ 2022 2021 2020 ​ ​ amounts in millions Revenue ​ $ 969 970 949 ​ Operating expenses (excluding stock-based compensation included below): ​ ​ Operating expense ​ (250) (272) (271) ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ (361) (344) (333) ​ Adjusted OIBDA ​ 358 354 345 ​ Stock-based compensation ​ (13) (16) (10) ​ Litigation settlement ​ (29) — — ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ (262) (266) (248) ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 54 72 87 ​ Revenue The components of revenue are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ 2022 2021 2020 ​ ​ amounts in millions Consumer ​ Data ​ $ 231 214 188 Wireless ​ ​ 193 184 171 Other ​ 55 86 106 Business ​ Data ​ 395 368 339 Wireless ​ 53 74 89 Other ​ 42 44 56 Total revenue ​ $ 969 970 949 ​ Consumer data revenue increased $17 million and $26 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods.
GCI Holdings’ operating results for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ 2023 2022 ​ ​ amounts in millions Revenue ​ $ 981 969 ​ Operating expenses (excluding stock-based compensation included below): ​ ​ Operating expense ​ (245) (250) ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ (375) (361) ​ Adjusted OIBDA ​ 361 358 ​ Stock-based compensation ​ (14) (13) ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ (230) (262) ​ Litigation settlement ​ — (29) ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 117 54 ​ II-15 Table of Contents Revenue The components of revenue are as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ 2023 2022 ​ ​ amounts in millions Consumer ​ Data ​ $ 233 231 Wireless ​ ​ 193 193 Other ​ 42 55 Business ​ Data ​ 427 395 Wireless ​ 50 53 Other ​ 36 42 Total revenue ​ $ 981 969 ​ Consumer data revenue increased $2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.
The increase in realized and unrealized gains in 2022, compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was primarily due to an increase in unrealized gains on the indemnification obligation, as well as the changes in fair value of the 2.75% Debentures, the 1.25% Debentures and the 1.75% Debentures related to changes in market price of the underlying Charter stock.
The changes in realized and unrealized gains (losses) for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, were primarily due to decreases in realized and unrealized gains on the indemnification obligation, as well as the changes in fair value of the debentures outstanding for the respective periods related to changes in market price of the underlying Charter stock.
In October 2022, Charter introduced Spectrum One, which brings together Spectrum Internet, Advanced WiFi and Unlimited Spectrum Mobile, to offer consumers fast, reliable and secure online connections on their favorite devices at home and on-the-go in a high-value package which contributed to Charter’s increase in mobile lines in the fourth quarter.
Charter’s mobile line and Internet customer additions were supported by its Spectrum One offering, which brings together Spectrum Internet, Advanced WiFi and Unlimited Spectrum Mobile to offer consumers fast, reliable and secure online connections on their favorite devices at home and on-the-go in a high-value package, and were further supported by growth in Charter’s legacy and new subsidized rural markets.
See note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more discussion regarding our reportable segments. GCI Holdings’ results are only included in the Company’s consolidated results beginning on December 18, 2020. For a more detailed discussion and analysis of GCI Holdings’ results, see "Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC" below.
See note 14 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more discussion regarding our reportable segments. For a more detailed discussion and analysis of GCI Holdings’ results, see "Results of Operations – GCI Holdings, LLC" below. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022 is presented below.
The following table provides a reconciliation of Operating income (loss) to Adjusted OIBDA. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2022 2021 2020 ​ ​ amounts in millions Operating income (loss) ​ $ (39) (98) (60) Depreciation and amortization ​ 262 267 15 Stock-based compensation ​ 37 41 9 Litigation settlement, net of recoveries ​ ​ 67 ​ 95 ​ — Transaction costs ​ ​ — ​ — ​ 22 Adjusted OIBDA ​ $ 327 305 (14) Adjusted OIBDA improved $22 million and $319 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods.
The following table provides a reconciliation of Operating income (loss) to Adjusted OIBDA. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ ​ 2023 2022 ​ ​ amounts in millions Operating income (loss) ​ $ 73 (39) Depreciation and amortization ​ 230 262 Stock-based compensation ​ 34 37 Litigation settlement ​ ​ — ​ 67 Adjusted OIBDA ​ $ 337 327 Adjusted OIBDA improved $10 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.
The decreases in both years were primarily due to a decrease in depreciation and amortization as certain assets acquired in acquisitions become fully depreciated, offset by an increase in depreciation as a result of more recent capital expenditures.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $207 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to certain assets acquired in acquisitions becoming fully depreciated, offset by an increase in depreciation as a result of more recent capital expenditures.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $17 million and $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods. The increase in 2022 was primarily due to increases in labor related costs driven by an increase in contract labor costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to increases in labor related costs, software contracts, bad debt and property taxes.
On January 19, 2021, the Bureau issued an Order that waives the requirement to use the database for health care providers in Alaska for the two funding years ending June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2023.
On September 30, 2020, USAC released a refreshed version of the database incorporating limited changes submitted by interested parties. On January 19, 2021, the Bureau issued an Order that waived the requirement to use the database for health care providers II-5 Table of Contents in Alaska for the two funding years ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2023.
Business other revenue decreased $2 million and $12 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods. Business other revenue consists of business video and voice revenue. The decrease in 2022 was primarily due to decreased business video and long distance revenue.
The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in roaming revenue and a decrease in data plan fees due to decreased business wireless subscribers. Business other revenue decreased $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. Business other revenue consists of business video and voice revenue.
GCI Holdings’ customers may not be able to obtain adequate access to credit, which could affect their ability to make timely payments to GCI Holdings. In addition, adverse economic conditions may lead to an increased number of customers that are unable to pay for services.
GCI Holdings’ customers may not be able to obtain adequate II-3 Table of Contents access to credit, which could affect their ability to make timely payments to GCI Holdings and could lead to an increase in accounts receivable and bad debt expense.
Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ 2022 2021 2020 ​ ​ amounts in millions Revenue ​ GCI Holdings ​ $ 969 970 ​ 34 Corporate and other ​ 6 18 ​ 17 Consolidated ​ $ 975 988 51 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Income (Loss) ​ GCI Holdings ​ $ 54 72 ​ (5) Corporate and other ​ (93) (170) ​ (55) Consolidated ​ $ (39) (98) (60) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Adjusted OIBDA ​ GCI Holdings ​ $ 358 354 ​ 10 Corporate and other ​ (31) (49) ​ (24) Consolidated ​ $ 327 305 (14) ​ Revenue Revenue decreased $13 million and increased $937 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods.
Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Years ended December 31, ​ 2023 2022 ​ ​ amounts in millions Revenue ​ GCI Holdings ​ $ 981 969 Corporate and other ​ — 6 Consolidated ​ $ 981 975 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Income (Loss) ​ GCI Holdings ​ $ 117 54 Corporate and other ​ (44) (93) Consolidated ​ $ 73 (39) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Adjusted OIBDA ​ GCI Holdings ​ $ 361 358 Corporate and other ​ (24) (31) Consolidated ​ $ 337 327 ​ Revenue Revenue increased $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022.
Share of earnings (losses) from affiliates is attributable to the Company’s ownership interest in Charter.
Share of earnings (losses) of affiliates Share of earnings from affiliates decreased $171 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. Share of earnings (losses) from affiliates is attributable to the Company’s ownership interest in Charter.
On October 21, 2019, GCI Holdings appealed the order to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. On December 6, 2019, that appeal was held in abeyance for nine months due to pending Petitions for Reconsideration filed by other parties at the FCC.
On October 21, 2019, GCI Holdings appealed the order to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, but that appeal was withdrawn as part of the settlement with the FCC.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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As of December 31, 2022, our debt is comprised of the following amounts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Variable rate debt ​ ​ Fixed rate debt ​ ​ Principal ​ Weighted avg ​ ​ Principal ​ Weighted avg ​ ​ amount ​ interest rate ​ ​ amount ​ interest rate ​ ​ dollar amounts in millions GCI Holdings ​ $ 402 ​ 5.9 % ​ $ 600 ​ 4.8 % Corporate and other ​ $ 1,400 ​ 6.2 % ​ $ 1,415 ​ 1.9 % Our investment in Charter (our equity method affiliate) is publicly traded and not reflected at fair value in our balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2023, our debt is comprised of the following amounts: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Variable rate debt ​ ​ Fixed rate debt ​ ​ Principal ​ Weighted avg ​ ​ Principal ​ Weighted avg ​ ​ amount ​ interest rate ​ ​ amount ​ interest rate ​ ​ dollar amounts in millions GCI Holdings ​ $ 399 ​ 7.3 % ​ $ 600 ​ 4.8 % Corporate and other ​ $ 1,460 ​ 7.2 % ​ $ 1,265 ​ 3.1 % Our investment in Charter (our equity method affiliate) is publicly traded and not reflected at fair value in our balance sheet.
Removed
Liberty Broadband’s borrowings under the Margin Loan Agreement (as defined in note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) and the Senior Credit Facility (as defined in note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) carry a variable interest rate based on LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the rate of interest.
Removed
LIBOR is the subject of national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. In 2017, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR.
Removed
On March 5, 2021, the FCA announced that all LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative: (a) immediately after December 31, 2021, in the case of the one week and two month U.S. dollar settings; and (b) immediately after June 30, 2023, in the case of the remaining U.S. dollar settings.
Removed
The United States Federal Reserve has also advised banks to cease entering into new contracts that use USD LIBOR as a reference rate.
Removed
The Alternative Reference Rate Committee, a committee convened by the Federal Reserve that includes major market participants, has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), an index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities, as its preferred alternative rate for LIBOR.
Removed
Our Margin Loan Agreement and Senior Credit Facility provide for a transition to a SOFR based rate or to other alternative reference rates depending on acceptance in the market of these rates.

Other LBRDA 10-K year-over-year comparisons