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Playtika Holding Corp.

Playtika Holding Corp.PLTKEarnings & Financial Report

Nasdaq · Information Technology · Services-Computer Processing & Data Preparation

Playtika Holding Corp. is an Israeli digital entertainment company specializing in the development and publication of mobile games. In 2021, Playtika had over 35 million monthly active users.

What changed in Playtika Holding Corp.'s 10-K — 2023 vs 2024

Top changes in Playtika Holding Corp.'s 2024 10-K

549 paragraphs added · 503 removed · 387 edited across 8 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

58 edited+25 added−25 removed56 unchanged
We are subject to a variety of laws in the United States and other non-U.S. jurisdictions regarding data privacy, cybersecurity, and consumer protection, which are continuously evolving and developing, including, among others, the laws described above, online safety regulations such as the EU Digital Services Act, the UK Online Safety Act, and the Australia Online Safety Act, competition laws such as the EU Digital Markets Act, consumer protection laws such as the EU’s New Deal for 16 Consumers, whistleblowing laws, such as the EU Whistleblower Directive, and artificial intelligence regulations such as the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and the U.S.
We are also subject to a variety of other laws in the United States and other non-U.S. jurisdictions regarding data privacy, cybersecurity, and consumer protection, which are continuously evolving and developing, including, among others, the laws described above, online safety regulations such as the EU Digital Services Act, the UK Online Safety Act, and the Australia 16 Online Safety Act, competition laws such as the EU Digital Markets Act, consumer protection laws such as the EU’s New Deal for Consumers, whistleblowing laws, such as the EU Whistleblower Directive, and artificial intelligence regulations such as the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and the U.S.
On January 15, 2021, we became a publicly traded company with our common stock traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “PLTK .” Our Core Strengths Portfolio of sustainable, top grossing games with a loyal user base Our strategy is to focus on a select number of games that we believe have the potential for high revenues and longevity that we can continue to grow through our live operations expertise.
On January 15, 2021, we became a publicly traded company with our common stock traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “PLTK.” Our Core Strengths Portfolio of sustainable, top grossing games with a loyal user base Our strategy is to focus on a portfolio of games that we believe have the potential for high revenues and longevity that we can continue to grow through our live operations expertise.
On the broadest scale, we compete for the leisure time, attention and discretionary spending of our players versus other forms of offline and online entertainment, including social media, reading and other video games on the basis of a number of factors, including quality of player experience, breadth and depth of gameplay, ability to create or license compelling content, brand awareness and reputation and access to distribution channels.
On the broadest scale, we compete for the leisure time, attention and discretionary spending of our players versus 12 other forms of offline and online entertainment, including social media, reading and other video games on the basis of a number of factors, including quality of player experience, breadth and depth of gameplay, ability to create or license compelling content, brand awareness and reputation and access to distribution channels.
Consequently, our business is subject not only to the Israeli Protection of Privacy Law, 5741-1981 (the “PPL”), and the Privacy Protection Regulations (Data Security), 5777-2017, but also to a number of U.S. and international laws and regulations governing data privacy and security, including with respect to the collection, processing, storage, use, transmission, sharing, and protection of personal information and other consumer data.
Consequently, our business is subject not 15 only to the Israeli Protection of Privacy Law, 5741-1981 (the “PPL”), and the Privacy Protection Regulations (Data Security), 5777-2017, but also to a number of U.S. and international laws and regulations governing data privacy and security, including with respect to the collection, processing, storage, use, transmission, sharing, and protection of personal information and other consumer data.
Additional legal proceedings, including demands for arbitration, targeting our games and claiming violations of state, federal or foreign laws, including gambling laws, have 14 occurred and could occur, based on the unique and particular laws of each jurisdiction, particularly as litigation and regulations continue to evolve.
Additional legal proceedings, including demands for arbitration, targeting our games and claiming violations of state, federal or foreign laws, including gambling laws, have occurred and could occur, based on the unique and particular laws of each jurisdiction, particularly as litigation and regulations continue to evolve.
The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this filing. These filings are also available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. 17
The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this filing. These filings are also available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
We focus on efficiently acquiring users that can be active for long periods of time. We acquire users from more than 60 different sources, including mobile ad networks, search and social networks. Re-targeting We use re-targeting campaigns to reactivate our inactive users.
We focus on efficiently acquiring users that can be active for long periods of time. We acquire users from more than 40 different sources, including mobile ad networks, search and social networks. Re-targeting We use re-targeting campaigns to reactivate our inactive users.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Intellectual Property.” Government Regulation We are subject to various state, federal and international laws and regulations that apply to companies operating online, including over the internet and mobile platforms, such as those relating to privacy, data security, consumer protection, protection of minors, online safety, advertising and marketing, intellectual property, competition, and taxation, among others, all of which are continuously evolving and developing.
See “ Risk Factors—Risks Related to Intellectual Property .” Government Regulation We are subject to various state, federal and international laws and regulations that apply to companies operating online, including over the internet and mobile platforms, such as those relating to privacy, data security, consumer protection, protection of minors, online safety, advertising and marketing, intellectual property, competition, and taxation, among others, 13 all of which are continuously evolving and developing.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS Overview Our mission is to entertain the world through infinite ways to play. We are one of the world’s leading developers of mobile games creating fun, innovative experiences that entertain and engage our users.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS Overview Our mission is to entertain the world through infinite ways to play. We are one of the world’s leading operators of mobile games creating fun, innovative experiences that entertain and engage our users.
We were founded in Israel in 2010, when we released our first game, Slotomania , which remains the second largest game in our portfolio based on revenues as of December 31, 2023.
We were founded in Israel in 2010, when we released our first game, Slotomania , which remains the second largest game in our portfolio based on revenues as of December 31, 2024.
Over the past 12 years, we have successfully acquired a number of mobile games and studios, including InnPlay Studios (2023), Youda Games (2023), JustPlay (2022), Reworks (2021), Seriously (2019), Supertreat (2019), Wooga (2018), Jelly Button (2017), House of Fun (2014), World Series of Poker (2013) and Bingo Blitz (2012). 10 Generally, our strategy involves identifying potential acquisition targets that fall into one of five categories: • Newly developed or underperforming games with a proven game concept in our core genres to facilitate improvement in engagement, monetization, and retention; • Established games in our core genres, to increase the trajectory of the games; • New types of business models within mobile games as well as new genres of games within in-app purchase mobile games; • Businesses and applications that enable us to further leverage our existing technology and capabilities to offer live-ops and monetization solutions to game developers; or • Acquisitions to enhance our marketing or technology capabilities.
Over the past 13 years, we have successfully acquired a number of mobile games and studios, including SuperPlay (2024), InnPlay Studios (2023), Youda Games (2023), JustPlay (2022), Reworks (2021), Seriously (2019), Supertreat (2019), Wooga (2018), Jelly Button (2017), House of Fun (2014), World Series of Poker (2013) and Bingo Blitz (2012). 10 Generally, our strategy involves identifying potential acquisition targets that fall into one of five categories: • Newly developed or underperforming games with a proven game concept in our core genres to facilitate improvement in engagement, monetization, and retention; • Established games in our core genres, to increase the trajectory of the games; • New types of business models within mobile games as well as new genres of games within in-app purchase mobile games; • Businesses and applications that enable us to further leverage our existing technology and capabilities to offer live-ops and monetization solutions to game developers; or • Acquisitions of fast growing games in established genres that will enhance our growth profile.
In particular, we license intellectual property related to our Caesars Slots and World Series of Poker games and have been granted an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing license to certain intellectual property associated with World Series of Poker through September 23, 2031, and an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing sublicense to certain trademarks and domain names associated with Caesars Slots through December 31, 2026.
For example, we license intellectual property related to our Caesars Slots and World Series of Poker games and have been granted an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing license to certain intellectual property associated with World Series of Poker through September 23, 2031, and an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing sublicense to certain trademarks and domain names associated with Caesars Slots through December 31, 2026.
Furthermore, in 2020 and 2021 plaintiffs in several U.S. states sued Apple, Google and Meta Platform (Facebook), alleging that the platforms violated state gambling laws by allowing the plaintiffs to download and play social casino games, including certain of our social casino games.
Furthermore, in 2020 and 2021 plaintiffs in several U.S. states sued Apple, Google and Meta Platform (Facebook), alleging that the platforms violated state gambling laws by allowing the plaintiffs to download and play social casino games, including certain of our social casino games. These lawsuits are still ongoing.
The effects of the CCPA are significant and have required, and could continue to require, us to modify our data, security, and marketing practices and policies, and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an ongoing effort to comply with the CCPA and other applicable data protection laws.
The effects of the CCPA and CPRA were significant and required, and could continue to require, us to modify our data, security, and marketing practices and policies, and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an ongoing effort to comply with these and other applicable data protection laws.
Our managers and employees are asked to go through bi-yearly performance and development discussions, allowing us to identify and provide a range of tailor made solutions to our Top-Talent population.
Our managers and employees are asked to go through performance and development discussions twice a year, allowing us to identify and provide a range of tailor-made solutions to our Top-Talent population.
We have built these core technical functions and services, and created a scalable, proprietary technology platform, the Playtika Boost Platform, that enhances our live operations services. Recently our platform has been powered by Machine Learning Platform and artificial intelligence (“AI”) engines for various use-cases in marketing, games operations and monetization.
We have built these core technical functions and services, and created a scalable, proprietary technology platform that enhances our live operations services. Our platform is powered by Machine Learning Platform and artificial intelligence (“AI”) engines for various use-cases in marketing, games operations and monetization.
In addition, our average DPUs remained at 0.31 million in the both years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023. Our Live Operations Services and the Playtika Boost Platform Since our founding, we have developed most of the core technical functionality and services that form the backbone to support our games.
In addition, our average DPUs remains at 0.31 million in both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. Our Live Operations Services Since our founding, we have developed most of the core technical functionality and services that form the backbone to support our games.
The Playtika Boost Platform includes: • Digital Studio suite, which is being developed to use digital and AI technologies to optimize marketing, game operations and monetization, including generative AI models for efficient art processes and for our customer support and VIP processes; • Meta-games and monetization events, including tournaments, challenges, and missions; • Payment systems, including payment page optimization tools used for direct-to-consumer and Playtika Webstore transactions; • Loyalty programs; • User identity capabilities to enable user registration with our games and across Playtika’s portfolio; • Data analytics infrastructure, including business intelligence, simulation, and modelling frameworks and dashboards; • Tailored user data, including segmentation and grouping, enabling customizable content curation; • Social gaming infrastructure, including multiplayer game services, match-making algorithms, clans, and intra-game social networking; and • Customer service, monitoring, disaster recovery, alerts, and security. 9 One of our core strengths lies in our ability to generate assets that maintain the distinct style and character fidelity of each individual game in our portfolio.
Our technology platform includes: • Digital Studio suite, which is being developed to use digital and AI technologies to optimize marketing, game operations and monetization, including generative AI models for efficient art processes and for our customer support and VIP processes; • Meta-games and monetization events, including tournaments, challenges, and missions; • Payment systems, including payment page optimization tools used for direct-to-consumer and Playtika Webstore transactions; • Loyalty programs; • User identity capabilities to enable user registration with our games and across Playtika’s portfolio; • Data analytics infrastructure, including business intelligence, simulation, and modelling frameworks and dashboards; 9 • Tailored user data, including segmentation and grouping, enabling customizable content curation; • Social gaming infrastructure, including multiplayer game services, match-making algorithms, clans, and intra-game social networking; and • Customer service, monitoring, disaster recovery, alerts, and security.
As of December 31, 2023, we owned approximately 994 registered trademarks in the United States, and approximately 876 registered trademarks in jurisdictions outside of the United States. Additionally, many of the feature elements of our games, including game characters, are subject to copyright protection.
As of December 31, 2024, we owned approximately 1,162 registered trademarks in the United States, and approximately 1,145 registered trademarks in jurisdictions outside of the United States. Additionally, many of the feature elements of our games, including game characters, are subject to copyright protection.
Our Daily Payer Conversion increased from 3.3% in the year ended December 31, 2022 to 3.6% in the year ended December 31, 2023, and our ARPDAU increased from $0.76 in the year ended December 31, 2022 to $0.81 in the year ended December 31, 2023.
Our Daily Payer Conversion increased from 3.6% in the year ended December 31, 2023, to 3.8% in the year ended December 31, 2024, and our ARPDAU increased from $0.81 in the year ended December 31, 2023, to $0.86 in the year ended December 31, 2024.
In any event, the use of loot boxes can result in an increasing burden of regulatory compliance and operation restrictions as a result of consumer and advertising laws and regulations, the requirements of platform owners (such as Apple and Google), and the introduction of industry standards and practices, such as the guiding principles published by the UK government in 2023 (the UK Principles).
In any event, the use of paid loot boxes can result in an increasing burden of regulatory compliance and operation restrictions as a result of consumer and advertising laws and regulations, the requirements of platform owners (such as Apple and Google), and the introduction of industry standards and practices, such as the Game Industry Promotion Act in South Korea and the California Bill A.B. 2426, or the guiding principles published by the UK government in 2023 (the UK Principles).
Our proprietary Playtika Boost Platform provides our game studios with the core technical functionality and live operations services infrastructure needed to run games at scale and rapidly incorporate the latest available functional enhancements. 8 Our financial discipline drives our success and provides us greater flexibility to deploy capital Our attractive margin profile is driven by our ability to retain paying users over the long term, our ownership of substantially all of the intellectual property used in our mobile games, and financial discipline.
We provide our game studios with various technical functionalities and live operations services that help to enable our games to run at scale and rapidly incorporate the latest available functional enhancements. 8 Our financial discipline drives our success and provides us greater flexibility to deploy capital Our attractive margin profile is driven by our ability to retain paying users over the long term, our ownership of substantially all of the intellectual property used in our mobile games, and financial discipline.
Although we have not experienced a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations due to limited revenues we currently have in the affected jurisdictions, if our platform providers took these actions in jurisdictions that are more significant to our operations, it would be harmful to our business.
Although we have not experienced a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations due to limited revenues we currently have on the affected platform and in the affected jurisdictions, if our platform providers, particularly the iOS App Store, Facebook, of Google Play Store, take these actions in jurisdictions that are significant to our operations, it would be harmful to our business.
The European Union’s GDPR, which became effective in May 2018, imposes strict requirements on controllers and processors of personal data, including, for example, higher standards for obtaining consent from individuals to process their personal data, more robust disclosures to individuals and a strengthened individual data rights regime, and shortened timelines for data breach notifications.
The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) imposes strict requirements on controllers and processors of personal data, including, for example, higher standards for obtaining consent from individuals to process their personal data, more robust disclosures to individuals and a strengthened individual data rights regime, and shortened timelines for data breach notifications.
Additionally, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has previously held that a social casino game produced by one of our competitors should be considered illegal gambling under Washington state law. Similar lawsuits have been filed against other defendants, including us.
Additionally, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit decided that a social casino game produced by one of our competitors should be considered illegal gambling under Washington state law. Similar lawsuits were filed against other defendants, including us.
See “Legal Proceedings” and “Risk Factors—Legal proceedings may materially adversely affect our business and our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition” for more information.
See “ Legal Proceedings ” and “ Risk Factors—Legal proceedings may materially adversely affect our business and our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition ” for more information.
We believe that our games and game features do not constitute gambling and are intended for entertainment purposes only. Our games do not offer an opportunity to win real money.
Some of our games are based upon traditional casino games, such as slots and poker. We believe that our games and game features do not constitute gambling and are intended for entertainment purposes only. Our games do not offer an opportunity to win real money.
Overview of Top 9 Games • Bingo Blitz is a bingo adventure where users progress through various levels in the theme of major global cities and are able to connect with others to earn virtual items and bonuses, including additional virtual coins and power-ups. • Slotomania is a premier social slots game with an inventory of over 300 original slot games where players earn in-game virtual rewards and virtual coins and have the ability to purchase virtual items, including virtual coins, boosts and other items to further their progression and unlock more virtual rewards. • Solitaire Grand Harvest modernizes the classic solitaire game by adding new elements and challenges. • June’s Journey is a hidden object game that is set in the 1920’s, where players step into the role of amateur detective June Parker to investigate mysterious quests. • House of Fun features an inventory of over 400 uniquely-themed slot games with a standard leveling system where players earn virtual in-game items including virtual rewards, bonuses and coins progressing through various missions that are updated regularly. • World Series of Poker is the official social app of the World Series of Poker and allows players to compete with friend and other players to win their own virtual World Series of Poker Bracelet. • Caesars Slots features an inventory of over 200 slot games developed to have a look and feel similar to those played in casinos, including high roller lounges only accessible to those with a certain amount of virtual coins and a special “Golden Room” that provides players with exclusive features. • Best Fiends is a classic match-3 game with RPG-like character development featuring an expansive story set in the mystical world of Minutia. • Redecor is a mobile application that combines elements of home design and mobile gaming.
Overview of Top 10 Games • Bingo Blitz is a bingo adventure where users progress through various levels in the theme of major global cities and are able to connect with others to earn virtual items and bonuses, including additional virtual coins and power-ups. • Slotomania is a premier social slots game with an inventory of over 250 original slot games where players earn in-game virtual rewards and virtual coins and have the ability to purchase virtual items, including virtual coins, boosts and other items to further their progression and unlock more virtual rewards. • Solitaire Grand Harvest modernizes the classic solitaire game by adding new elements and challenges. • June’s Journey is a hidden object game that is set in the 1920’s, where players step into the role of amateur detective June Parker to investigate mysterious quests. • House of Fun features an inventory of over 300 games, including a catalogue of uniquely themed games, with a standard leveling system where players earn virtual in-game items including virtual rewards, bonuses and coins progressing through various missions that are updated regularly. • World Series of Poker is the official social app of the World Series of Poker and allows players to compete with friends and other players to win their own virtual World Series of Poker Bracelet. • Caesars Slots features an inventory of over 200 slot games developed to have a look and feel similar to those played in casinos, including high roller lounges only accessible to those with a certain amount of virtual coins. • Best Fiends is a classic match-3 game with RPG-like character development featuring an expansive story set in the mystical world of Minutia. • Animals and Coins is a luck-battle game where players build and defend their treasure islands while collecting coins and raiding friends’ and other players’ bases to become ruler of the animal kingdom. • Governor of Poker 3 is a multiplayer Texas hold’em game where players compete in various poker formats within a Wild West-themed setting. *SuperPlay Ltd.’s games are not included in this list as the studio was acquired in November 2024.
In April 2018, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against us in federal district court, alleging that certain of our social casino games, among other things, violate Washington State gambling laws and consumer protection laws. In August 2020, we entered into a settlement agreement to settle this matter, which was approved by the court in February 2021.
In April 2018, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against us in federal district court, alleging substantially the same causes of action against our social casino games. In August 2020, we entered into a settlement agreement to settle this matter, which was approved by the court in February 2021.
States such as Colorado, Utah and Virginia have already enacted similar legislation to the CCPA, and other states including Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, New Jersey, Oregon, Tennessee and Texas have passed similar laws that are set to go into effect in the upcoming months and years. Israel has also implemented data protection laws and regulations, including the PPL.
States such as Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Florida, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Texas, Utah and Virginia have already enacted similar legislation to the CCPA, and other states including Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Rhode Island and Tennessee have passed similar laws that are set to go into effect in the upcoming months and years.
We are able to use our scale to gain significant insight into the operations of our games and refine and implement effective strategies with respect to feature innovation, content cadence, loyalty rewards, game economies, and player segmentation.
We are able to use our scale to gain significant insight into the operations of our games and refine and implement effective strategies with respect to feature innovation, content cadence, loyalty rewards, game economies, and player segmentation. Feature Development We strive to create features and player experiences that optimize player engagement, intended to result in increased conversion and monetization.
Our attractive margin profile is driven by our ability to retain paying users over the long term, our ownership of substantially all of the intellectual property used in our mobile games, and financial discipline. This results in a superior margin profile and cash flow that we can use to reinvest in acquisitions and our business.
Our attractive margin profile is driven by our ability to retain paying users over the long term, our ownership of substantially all of the intellectual property used in our mobile games, and financial discipline.
In some cases, we compete against gaming operators who could expand their product lines to include more directly competitive games that could compete with our content. 12 Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, greater financial, technical and other resources, and, in some cases, the ability to rapidly combine online platforms with full-time and temporary employees.
Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, greater financial, technical and other resources, and, in some cases, the ability to rapidly combine online platforms with full-time and temporary employees.
These licenses permit the development, design, manufacture, offering for sale, advertising, promotion, distribution, sale and use of Caesars Slots and World Series of Poker intellectual property in social and free-to-play games.
These licenses permit the development, design, manufacture, offering for sale, advertising, promotion, distribution, sale and use of Caesars Slots and World Series of Poker intellectual property in social and free-to-play games. More recently, in December 2024, we announced a license deal with IGT to license slot content for our slot-themed games.
Our efforts have involved automating the process of generating creative content for features and promos using state-of-the-art generative AI models. We also utilize Generative AI on VIP and Customer Support domains, where our agents will receive suggestions and recommendations based on Large Language Models integrated into their work platform.
We also utilize generative AI on VIP and Customer Support domains, where our agents will receive suggestions and recommendations based on Large Language Models integrated into their work platform.
We have a powerful combination of scale and operating cash flow. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated $2,567.0 million in revenues, net income of $235.0 million and $832.2 million in Credit Adjusted EBITDA, representing a net income margin of 9.2%, and a Credit Adjusted EBITDA margin of 32.4%.
We have a powerful combination of scale and free cash flow. In the year ended December 31, 2024, we generated $2,549.3 million in revenues, net income of $162.2 million and $757.7 million in Credit Adjusted EBITDA, representing a net income margin of 6.4%, and a Credit Adjusted EBITDA margin of 29.7%.
We invest heavily in research and development, and approximately 76% of our employees are employed in research and development, which enables us to consistently introduce updates and enhancements to our games, which we strive to do on an effective basis. We have a diverse pool of talent located in game development hubs, including in Israel and Germany.
We invest heavily in research and development, and, as of December 31, 2024, approximately 75% of our employees are employed in research and development, which enables us to consistently introduce updates and enhancements to our games, which we strive to do on an effective basis.
There has been an increasing focus on a mechanic widely used in the games industry know as ‘loot boxes’ (and sometime also ‘loot crates’ or ‘mystery prizes’). A loot box is a mechanic that provides a player with random in-game virtual items in exchange for real-world money or in-game virtual currency.
There has been an increasing focus on a mechanic widely used in the games industry know as ‘paid loot boxes’ (and sometime also ‘loot crates’ or ‘mystery prizes’).
Once we acquire games, we seek to enhance the scale and profitability of those games by applying our live operations services and our technology platform, the Playtika Boost Platform. By leveraging this platform, our game studios can dedicate a greater portion of their time to creating innovative content, features, and experiences for players.
In certain acquisitions, we seek to enhance the scale and profitability of those games by leveraging our live operations services. By leveraging these operations, our game studios can dedicate a greater portion of their time to creating innovative content, features, and experiences for players. In other acquisitions, studios operate largely independently of these centralized functions, at least initially.
This may require us to expend substantial resources, modify our games, or block users from a particular jurisdiction, each of which would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
This may require us to expend substantial resources, modify our games, or block users from a particular jurisdiction, each of which would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the increased attention focused upon liability issues as a result of lawsuits and legislative proposals could harm our reputation or otherwise impact the growth of our business.
We maintain a highly disciplined approach to acquisitions, and have a proven history of making acquisitions at attractive prices and achieving meaningful synergies. Data-driven performance marketing capabilities drive our high-ROI user acquisition We leverage our centralized marketing team to achieve efficiencies across our portfolio of games. Our performance marketing capabilities focus on cost-effectively acquiring users.
Data-driven performance marketing capabilities drive our high-ROI user acquisition Our performance marketing capabilities focus on cost-effectively acquiring users. Previously we leveraged a centralized marketing team to achieve efficiencies across our portfolio of games.
It is also possible that the EU and other parts of the world adopt similar guidelines or legislation, and developments of this kind could further restrict our business or negatively affect our revenues. Data Privacy and Security We are an Israeli headquartered company with users around the globe.
It is also possible that the EU, as part of its fitness check of EU consumer laws, and other parts of the world adopt similar guidelines or legislation, and developments of this kind could further restrict our business or negatively affect our revenues.
In most countries, it is now clear that loot boxes do not constitute gambling, because the items provided to a player have no real-world value.
A paid loot box is a mechanic that provides a player with random in-game virtual items in exchange for real-world money or in-game virtual currency which itself has been purchased by real-world money. In most countries, it is now clear that loot boxes do not constitute gambling, because the items provided to a player have no real-world value.
For example, the European Union is contemplating the adoption of the Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, or the e-Privacy Regulation, which is currently making its way through the European Union legislative process.
For example, the European Union is contemplating the adoption of the Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, or the e-Privacy Regulation, which is currently making its way through the European Union legislative process. European Union countries may also have their own data protection laws in addition to the GDPR. Moreover, the scope of data privacy regulations worldwide continues to evolve.
Our Acquisitions Strategy We maintain a highly disciplined approach to acquisitions, and have a proven history of acquiring games and game studios at attractive prices and driving incremental stockholder value from those games by leveraging our live operations services, including the Playtika Boost Platform.
Depending on the circumstances, this could mean increasing or decreasing the amount of new features for our players. Our Acquisitions Strategy We maintain a highly disciplined approach to acquisitions and have a proven history of acquiring games and game studios at attractive prices and driving incremental stockholder value from those games.
The Playtika Boost Platform allows us to analyze data across the full user lifecycle—from user acquisition, through monetization and retention—helping our studios make smarter decisions related to player engagement and monetization.
Our live operations services are constantly evolving as our culture of innovation and optimization allows us to share and implement improvements across our portfolio of games and game studios. Our proprietary technology allows us to analyze data across the full user lifecycle—from user acquisition, through monetization and retention—helping our studios make smarter decisions related to player engagement and monetization.
This provides us with both a funnel of new, internally developed game concepts, ideas for improvements to our systems, and close relationships with those local game-development communities. Competition We face significant competition in all aspects of our business. Our primary competitors include Tencent Holdings, Activision Blizzard (Microsoft), Electronic Arts, Take-Two Interactive/Zynga, Light & Wonder/SciPlay, AppLovin and Aristocrat/Pixel United.
We have a diverse pool of talent located in game development hubs, including in Israel and Germany. This provides us with both a funnel of new, internally developed game concepts, ideas for improvements to our systems, and close relationships with those local game-development communities. Competition We face significant competition in all aspects of our business.
Our Portfolio of Games Our portfolio includes 24 games, 14 of which we actively manage and promote, and our top nine games collectively represented 95.7% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023. Many of our games are classic in nature with mass appeal due to their highly engaging game mechanics.
Many of our games are classic in nature with mass appeal due to their highly engaging game mechanics. Our portfolio includes both casual and social casino-themed games. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our casual games generated 58.9% of our revenues, with our social casino-themed games accounting for the remaining 41.1%.
Additionally, our geographic diversity allows us to integrate acquisition targets, especially studios located in Europe near our other studios and our headquarters in Israel.
In some acquisitions, we deploy our live operations services to enhance, where possible, the existing live operations capabilities and seek to integrate them into our technical infrastructure. Our geographic diversity allows us to integrate acquisition targets, especially studios located in Europe near our other studios and our headquarters in Israel.
See Note 13, Equity Transactions and Stock Incentive Plan, to our audited consolidated financial statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Stock-based compensation” for further discussion of our benefit plans and stock-based compensation.
See Note 13, Equity Transactions and Stock Incentive Plan, to our audited consolidated financial statements and “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Stock-based compensation ” for further discussion of our benefit plans and stock-based compensation. 17 Website and Available Information Our principal executive offices are located at HaChoshlim St 8 Herzliya Pituach, Israel and our telephone number is 972-73-316-3251.
Our portfolio includes both casual and social casino-themed games. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our casual games generated 56.7% of our revenues, with our social casino-themed games 11 accounting for the remaining 43.3%. Our two largest games, Slotomania and Bingo Blitz , generated approximately 46% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Our two largest games, Slotomania and Bingo Blitz , generated approximately 45% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Any costs incurred as a result of this potential liability could harm our business and results of operations. Human Capital As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately 3,600 employees. We believe our people are one of our most important assets and our key competitive advantage.
Our or our platform and service providers’ actual or perceived failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our business.” Human Capital As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately 3,500 employees. We believe our people are one of our most important assets and our key competitive advantage.
The CCPA and CPRA could subject us to additional compliance costs as well as potential fines, individual claims and commercial liabilities. The CCPA was only the beginning of a trend toward more stringent state privacy legislation in the United States.
The CCPA was only the beginning of a trend toward stringent state privacy legislation in the United States.
We consider acquisitions as a pivotal strategy for increasing our mobile game offerings and enhancing the diversity and strength of our portfolio, thereby facilitating its growth and expansion Marketing and Player Lifecycle Management Over our history, we have gained significant expertise in acquiring new users, converting users to payers, retaining active users, and re-engaging inactive users.
We consider acquisitions as a pivotal strategy for increasing our mobile game offerings and enhancing the diversity and strength of our portfolio.
In addition, the scope of data privacy regulations worldwide continues to evolve. Further, new, increasingly restrictive regulations are coming into force all around the world, such as in China, Belarus, Thailand and Brazil, but also within the 15 United States.
New, increasingly restrictive regulations are coming into force all around the world, such as in Australia (awaiting Royal ascent), China, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Brazil. Within the United States, California was the first state to enact comprehensive data privacy legislation via the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA and the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA.
Further, we had to comply with the GDPR and also the United Kingdom GDPR (UK GDPR), which, together with the amended United Kingdom Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in United Kingdom national law. These laws and regulations have led to additional costs and increased our overall risk exposure.
Further, we are required to comply with the GDPR and also the United Kingdom GDPR (UK GDPR), which, together with the amended United Kingdom Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in United Kingdom national law. There are currently a number of other proposals related to data privacy and security pending before several legislative and regulatory bodies in Europe.
Further, most of our senior management team has been working with us for the significant majority of the Company’s history. We believe the tenure of our executive management team has created a chemistry that reinforces stability in our culture and strategy.
Further, most of our senior management team has been working with us in various capacities for a significant part of the Company’s history. Recently we restructured our management team to, among other things, remove the chief revenue officer position bringing the studios directly under the management of our chief executive officer, Mr. Antokol.
Successful track record of pursuing value accretive acquisitions Our acquisition strategy is focused on identifying and acquiring games with broad appeal that we believe can benefit from the Playtika Boost Platform, our operational experience, and our live operations services.
Successful track record of pursuing value accretive acquisitions Our acquisition strategy is generally focused on identifying and acquiring games with broad appeal and scalable leadership potential in their genres. We maintain a highly disciplined approach to acquisitions and have a proven history of making acquisitions at attractive prices and achieving meaningful synergies.
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Our live operations services and the Playtika Boost Platform are constantly evolving and expanding, as our culture of innovation and optimization allows us to share and implement improvements across our portfolio of games and game studios.
Added
While we have had significant changes and certain departures from our executive team in the past year, we believe that the overall makeup of our executive management team balances stability in our culture while embracing agility and a stronger than ever focus on strategic execution.
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The Playtika Boost Platform also greatly enhances our acquisition and integration capabilities, providing an effective method to rapidly enhance the infrastructure, growth, and success of acquired games and game studios. Feature Development We strive to create features and player experiences that optimize player engagement, intended to result in increased conversion and monetization.
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However, with the recent restructuring of our management team, we have adopted a custom-tailored approach to marketing with certain studios having largely independent marketing functions that are better able to deploy strategies that are most effective for the particular studio.
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Depending on the circumstances, this could mean increasing or decreasing the amount of new features for our players.
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One of our core strengths lies in our ability to generate assets that maintain the distinct style and character fidelity of each individual game in our portfolio. Our efforts have involved automating the process of generating creative content for features and promos using state-of-the-art generative AI models.
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After an acquisition, we deploy our live operations services and, if appropriate for the acquired game, app or studio, seek to integrate them into the Playtika Boost Platform, providing access to our technical infrastructure. Our ability to quickly integrate acquisitions and realize synergies enables us to compete effectively against other bidders.
Added
As we continue to expand our portfolio through the acquisition of additional studios and the development of new games, we expect to incur increased operating expenses associated with games that are still in the early stages of their lifecycle.
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In addition, the increased attention focused upon liability issues as a result of lawsuits and legislative proposals could harm our reputation or otherwise impact the growth of our business. 13 Some of our games are based upon traditional casino games, such as slots and poker.
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These games typically generate revenue at lower operating margins, which may dilute our overall operating margins during the period of development and ramp-up. Marketing and Player Lifecycle Management Over our history, we have gained significant expertise in acquiring new users, converting users to payers, retaining active users, and re-engaging inactive users.
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For example, while a bill introduced in Australia in 2020 to ban online social casino games (through an amendment of the Interactive Gambling Act of 2001) remains under consideration, in May 2023 the Australian Government published Guidelines for the Classification of Computer Games, set to go into effect late 2024, which would limit games containing ‘simulated gambling’ features to adults 18 and over.
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This results in a superior margin profile and cash flow that we can use to reinvest in acquisitions and our business. 11 Our Portfolio of Games Our portfolio includes 27 games, 14 of which we actively manage and promote, and our top ten games collectively represented 94.1% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Shortly thereafter, Slotomania was blocked from the Google Play Store in Indonesia.
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However, based on pro forma performance, Dice Dreams , SuperPlay Ltd.’s coin looter game, would have been in our top 10 by revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Since that date, suits have been filed against us in courts in Alabama and Tennessee, alleging that certain of our social casino games violate those states’ gambling laws, and several arbitrations have been initiated making similar allegations under the laws of Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Ohio.
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Our primary competitors include Tencent Holdings, Activision Blizzard (Microsoft), Electronic Arts, Take-Two Interactive/Zynga, Light & Wonder/SciPlay, AppLovin and Aristocrat/Pixel United.
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These actions invoke state gambling loss recovery statutes to seek recovery of the purchases made by all players of the games in the respective state during the applicable limitations period. All of the arbitrations resolved to date have either been dismissed or resolved, on an individual basis, at minimal value. The two court lawsuits remain pending.
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In some cases, we compete against gaming operators who could expand their product lines to include more directly competitive games that could compete with our content.
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See “Legal Proceedings” for more information. On May 17, 2022, Guy David Ben Yosef filed a motion for approval of a class action lawsuit in district court in Tel Aviv-Jaffa Israel against Playtika Group Israel Ltd.
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In addition, our newly acquired studio, SuperPlay, has entered into a licensed collaboration with Disney to create a new solitaire-themed game currently under development.
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(“PGI”), on behalf of all of PGI’s customers who made game token purchases in Israel as part of games marketed by PGI during the seven years preceding the filing of the motion and for all subsequent customers of such games who purchase tokens until the resolution of the claim.
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For example, consumer protection laws such as Australia’s Guidelines for the Classification of Computer Games 2023, limit games containing ‘simulated gambling’ features to adults 18 and over.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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In October 2021, the OECD/G20 inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the Inclusive Framework) published a statement updating and finalizing the key components of a two-pillar plan on global tax reform which has now been agreed upon by the majority of OECD members.
In October 2021, the OECD/G20 inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting published a statement updating and finalizing the key components of a two-pillar plan on global tax reform which has now been agreed upon by the majority of OECD members.
There are no assurances that we will pay dividends in the future. Although we recently announced that our board of directors adopted a dividend policy to issue dividends on a quarterly basis, there are no assurances that we will pay dividends in the future.
Although we recently announced that our board of directors adopted a dividend policy to issue dividends on a quarterly basis, there are no assurances that we will pay dividends in the future.
For more information on risks related to our operations in Israel, see “—We have offices and other significant operations located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the ongoing War in Israel.” For more information on risks related to our operations in Belarus, see “—Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus, Ukraine or Romania.” In the occurrence of a catastrophic event, including a global pandemic like the COVID-19 pandemic or the consequences of climate change, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in application development, lengthy interruptions in our services, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, such as player, customer and billing data as well as intellectual property rights, software versions or other relevant data regarding operations, and there can be no assurances that our insurance policies will be sufficient to compensate us for any resulting losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
For more information on risks related to our operations in Israel, see “ —We have offices and other significant operations located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the ongoing war in Israel .” For more information on risks related to our operations in Ukraine, see “ —Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia or Romania .” In the occurrence of a catastrophic event, including a global pandemic like the COVID-19 pandemic or the consequences of climate change, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in application development, lengthy interruptions in our services, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, such as player, customer and billing data as well as intellectual property rights, software versions or other relevant data regarding operations, and there can be no assurances that our insurance policies will be sufficient to compensate us for any resulting losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, will apply if (i) a foreign corporation (or pursuant to a plan or a series of related transactions, two or more foreign corporations in the aggregate) directly or indirectly acquires, within the meaning of Section 7874 of the Code, substantially all of the properties of a U.S. corporation, (ii) the former stockholders of the acquired U.S. corporation hold, by vote or value, at least 60% of the shares of the foreign acquiring corporation after the acquisition by reason of holding shares in the United States acquired corporation and (iii) the foreign corporation’s “expanded affiliated group” does not have substantial business activities in the foreign corporation’s country of tax residency relative to such expanded affiliated group’s worldwide activities.
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, will apply if (i) a foreign corporation (or pursuant to a plan or a series of related transactions, two or more foreign corporations in the aggregate) directly or indirectly acquires, within the meaning of Section 7874 of the Code, substantially all of the properties of a U.S. 36 corporation, (ii) the former stockholders of the acquired U.S. corporation hold, by vote or value, at least 60% of the shares of the foreign acquiring corporation after the acquisition by reason of holding shares in the United States acquired corporation and (iii) the foreign corporation’s “expanded affiliated group” does not have substantial business activities in the foreign corporation’s country of tax residency relative to such expanded affiliated group’s worldwide activities.
Our business would be harmed if: • the platform providers discontinue or limit our access to their platforms; 18 • governments or private parties, such as internet providers, impose bandwidth restrictions or increase charges or restrict or prohibit access to those platforms; • the platforms increase the fees they charge us; • the platforms modify their algorithms, communication channels available to developers, respective terms of service or other policies; • the platforms decline in popularity; • the platforms adopt changes or updates to their technology that impede integration with other software systems or otherwise require us to modify our technology or update our games in order to ensure players can continue to access our games and content with ease; • the platforms elect or are required to change how they label free-to-play games or take payment for in-game purchases; • the platforms block or limit access to the genres of games that we provide in any jurisdiction; • the platforms impose restrictions or spending caps or make it more difficult for players to make in-game purchases of virtual items; • the platforms change how the personal information of players is made available to developers or develop or expand their own competitive offerings; or • we are unable to comply with the platform providers’ terms of service.
Our business would be harmed if: • the platform providers discontinue or limit our access to their platforms; • governments or private parties, such as internet providers, impose bandwidth restrictions or increase charges or restrict or prohibit access to those platforms; • the platforms increase the fees they charge us; • the platforms modify their algorithms, communication channels available to developers, respective terms of service or other policies; • the platforms decline in popularity; • the platforms adopt changes or updates to their technology that impede integration with other software systems or otherwise require us to modify our technology or update our games in order to ensure players can continue to access our games and content with ease; • the platforms elect or are required to change how they label free-to-play games or take payment for in-game purchases; • the platforms block or limit access to the genres of games that we provide in any jurisdiction; • the platforms impose restrictions or spending caps or make it more difficult for players to make in-game purchases of virtual items; • the platforms change how the personal information of players is made available to developers or develop or expand their own competitive offerings and/or practices; or • we are unable to comply with the platform providers’ terms of service.
If we are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. To date, we have entered into hedging transactions with respect to Israeli shekel (“ILS”), Polish Zloty (“PLN”) and Romanian Leu (“RON”) in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.
If we are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. To date, we have entered into hedging transactions with respect to Israeli shekel (“ILS”), Polish Zloty (“PLN”) and Romanian Leu (“RON”) in an effort to reduce our exposure to 43 foreign currency exchange risk.
Any of these could expose us to claims, regulatory investigations, litigation (including class actions), fines and potential liability, negative reputational impacts that cause us to lose existing or future customers, and/or significant incident response, system restoration or remediation and future 44 compliance costs. Any or all of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Any of these could expose us to claims, regulatory investigations, litigation (including class actions), fines and potential liability, negative reputational impacts that cause us to lose existing or future customers, and/or significant incident response, system restoration or remediation and future compliance costs. Any or all of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.
As long as Yuzhu Shi continues to control shares representing a majority of our voting power, he will generally be able to determine the outcome of all 24 corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors (unless supermajority approval of such matter is required by applicable law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation).
As long as Yuzhu Shi continues to control shares representing a majority of our voting power, he will generally be able to determine the outcome of all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors (unless supermajority approval of such matter is required by applicable law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation).
These platform providers may dictate rules, conduct or technical features that do not properly comply with federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations and regulatory codes and guidelines governing data privacy, data protection and security, including with respect to the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, sharing and protection of personal information and other consumer data.
These platform providers may dictate rules, conduct or technical features that do not properly comply with federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations and regulatory codes and 52 guidelines governing data privacy, data protection and security, including with respect to the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, sharing and protection of personal information and other consumer data.
Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus, Ukraine or Romania. We have significant operations in central and eastern Europe. Since the early 1990s, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania and other central and eastern European countries have sought to transform from one-party states with a centrally planned economy to democracies with a market economy to various degrees.
Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia or Romania. We have significant operations in central and eastern Europe. Since the early 1990s, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania and other central and eastern European countries have sought to transform from one-party states with a centrally planned economy to democracies with a market economy to various degrees.
If a particular proposed acquisition or investment in a U.S. business falls within CFIUS’s jurisdiction, we may determine that we are required to make a mandatory filing or that we will submit to CFIUS review on a voluntary basis, or to proceed with the transaction without submitting to CFIUS and risk CFIUS intervention, before or after closing the transaction.
If a particular proposed acquisition or investment in a U.S. business falls within CFIUS’s jurisdiction, we may determine that we are required to make a mandatory filing or that we will 45 submit to CFIUS review on a voluntary basis, or to proceed with the transaction without submitting to CFIUS and risk CFIUS intervention, before or after closing the transaction.
In May 2019, the regulators presented their conclusions and encouraged national consumer protection authorities to continue to be involved in the debate over the blurring of lines between gambling and video game products, while recognizing that ultimately whether these activities trigger the implementation of gambling regulation would depend on each nation’s gambling definition.
In 2019, the regulators presented their conclusions and encouraged national consumer protection authorities to continue to be involved in the debate over the blurring of lines between gambling and video game products, while recognizing that ultimately whether these activities trigger the implementation of gambling regulation would depend on each nation’s gambling definition.
We believe that our Israeli subsidiaries are eligible for certain tax benefits provided to a Preferred Technology Enterprise under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, or the Investment Law, including, inter alia, a reduced corporate tax rate on Israeli preferred technology taxable income, as defined in the Investment Law and its regulations.
We believe that our Israeli subsidiaries are eligible for certain tax benefits provided to a Preferred Technology Enterprise (PTE) under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, or the Investment Law, including, inter alia, a reduced corporate tax rate on Israeli preferred technology taxable income, as defined in the Investment Law and its regulations.
This includes deployment and maintenance of reliable next-generation digital networks with the speed, data capacity and security necessary to provide reliable wireless communications services. Wireless communications 46 infrastructure may be unable to support the demands placed on it if the number of subscribers continues to increase, or if existing or future subscribers increase their bandwidth requirements.
This includes deployment and maintenance of reliable next-generation digital networks with the speed, data capacity and security necessary to provide reliable wireless communications services. Wireless communications infrastructure may be unable to support the demands placed on it if the number of subscribers continues to increase, or if existing or future subscribers increase their bandwidth requirements.
Public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic could affect the health of our employees, or otherwise impact the productivity of our employees, third-party organizations with which we partner, or regulatory agencies we rely on, which may prevent us from delivering content in a timely manner or otherwise executing our business strategies.
Public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic could affect the 62 health of our employees, or otherwise impact the productivity of our employees, third-party organizations with which we partner, or regulatory agencies we rely on, which may prevent us from delivering content in a timely manner or otherwise executing our business strategies.
See “Business—Legal Proceedings.” Any securities class action litigation could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. These factors may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
See “ Business—Legal Proceedings .” Any securities class action litigation could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. These factors may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We also may not have access to comparable quality data for games we acquire with respect to periods before integration, which may impact our ability to rely on such data. Furthermore, such limitations or errors could cause players, analysts or business partners to view our performance metrics as unreliable or inaccurate.
We also may not have access to comparable quality data for games we acquire with respect to periods before integration, which may 31 impact our ability to rely on such data. Furthermore, such limitations or errors could cause players, analysts or business partners to view our performance metrics as unreliable or inaccurate.
In addition, our growth rates may experience increased volatility due to global societal and economic disruption, such as those related to global conflicts or public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and related government responses thereto. Our business may suffer if we do not successfully manage our future growth.
In addition, our growth rates may experience increased volatility due to global societal and economic disruption, such as those related to global conflicts or public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and related government responses thereto. 32 Our business may suffer if we do not successfully manage our future growth.
Effective January 1, 2022, pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, R&D expenses are required to be capitalized and amortized for tax purposes, which has delayed the deductibility of these expenses and increased the amount of cash taxes we paid during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Effective January 1, 2022, pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, R&D expenses are required to be capitalized and amortized for tax purposes, which has delayed the deductibility of these expenses and increased the amount of cash taxes we paid during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.
For more information on risks related to our operations in Israel, see “—We have offices and other significant operations located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the ongoing War in Israel.” For more information on risks related to our operations in Belarus, Ukraine and Romania, see “—Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus, Ukraine or Romania.” We have offices and other significant operations located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the ongoing War in Israel.
For more information on risks related to our operations in Israel, see “ —We have offices and other significant operations located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the ongoing war in Israel .” For more information on risks related to our operations in Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia and Romania, see “ —Our operations may be adversely affected by ongoing developments in Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia or Romania .” We have offices and other significant operations located in Israel, and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel, including the ongoing war in Israel.
Any disruption to our operations in Belarus, Ukraine or Romania may be prolonged and require us to reevaluate our operations in those countries, which may be more expensive and harm our business. Our business may be affected by sanctions, export controls and similar measures targeting Russia and Belarus as well as other responses to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Any disruption to our operations in Ukraine, Georgia or Romania may be prolonged and require us to reevaluate our operations in those countries, which may be more expensive and harm our business. Our business may be affected by sanctions, export controls and similar measures targeting Russia and Belarus as well as other responses to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
In addition, we collect and store certain data, including proprietary business information, and may have access to confidential or personal information in certain of our businesses that is subject to privacy and security laws and regulations. We could encounter difficulties in developing new systems, maintaining and upgrading current systems and preventing security breaches.
In addition, we collect and store certain data, including proprietary business information, and may have access to confidential or personal information in certain of our businesses that is subject to privacy and security laws 48 and regulations. We could encounter difficulties in developing new systems, maintaining and upgrading current systems and preventing security breaches.
Our business, including our ability to operate and expand internationally, could be adversely affected if laws or regulations are adopted, interpreted or 49 implemented in a manner that is inconsistent with our current business practices and that require changes to these practices, the design of our games, features or our privacy policy.
Our business, including our ability to operate and expand internationally, could be adversely affected if laws or regulations are adopted, interpreted or implemented in a manner that is inconsistent with our current business practices and that require changes to these practices, the design of our games, features or our privacy policy.
Increased competition and success of other 22 brands, genres, business models and games could result in, among other things, a loss of players, or negatively impact our ability to acquire new players cost-effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increased competition and success of other brands, genres, business models and games could result in, among other things, a loss of players, or negatively impact our ability to acquire new players cost-effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any such claim and any resulting litigation, should it occur, could: • be expensive and time consuming to defend or require us to pay significant amounts in damages; • result in invalidation of our proprietary rights or render our proprietary rights unenforceable; • cause us to cease making, licensing or using games that incorporate the applicable intellectual property; • require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrand our games or limit our ability to bring new games to the market in the future; 54 • require us to enter into costly or burdensome royalty, licensing or settlement agreements in order to obtain the right to use a product or process; • impact the commercial viability of the games that are the subject of the claim during the pendency of such claim; or • require us to stop selling the infringing games.
Any such claim and any resulting litigation, should it occur, could: • be expensive and time consuming to defend or require us to pay significant amounts in damages; • result in invalidation of our proprietary rights or render our proprietary rights unenforceable; • cause us to cease making, licensing or using games that incorporate the applicable intellectual property; • require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrand our games or limit our ability to bring new games to the market in the future; 57 • require us to enter into costly or burdensome royalty, licensing or settlement agreements in order to obtain the right to use a product or process; • impact the commercial viability of the games that are the subject of the claim during the pendency of such claim; or • require us to stop selling the infringing games.
These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns 32 can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls.
These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls.
For a game to remain popular and to retain players, we must effectively 19 enhance, expand and upgrade the game with new features, offers, and content that players find attractive. We may not be successful in these efforts, including not providing enough new features, offers and content or providing too many new features, offers and content.
For a game to remain popular and to retain players, we must effectively enhance, expand and upgrade the game with new features, offers, and content that players find attractive. We may not be successful in these efforts, including not providing enough new features, offers and content or providing too many new features, offers and content.
At this time, we are unable to predict if and how these legislative 34 changes will be enacted into law, and it is possible that they could have a material effect on our corporate tax liability and our global effective tax rate.
At this time, we are unable to predict if and how these legislative changes will be enacted into law, and it is possible that they could have a material effect on our corporate tax liability and our global effective tax rate.
Resolving such errors could disrupt our operations, cause us to divert resources from other projects, or harm our results of operations. Any failure or significant interruption in our network could impact our operations and harm our business. Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our games and to player satisfaction.
Resolving such errors could disrupt our operations, cause us to divert resources from other projects, or harm our results of operations. 46 Any failure or significant interruption in our network could impact our operations and harm our business. Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our games and to player satisfaction.
Similarly, we assess the adequacy of our security systems, including the security of our games and software to protect against any material loss to any of our players and the integrity of our games to players. However, we cannot provide assurances that our business will not be affected by a security breach or lapse.
Similarly, we assess the adequacy of our security systems, including the security of our games and software to protect against any material loss to any 47 of our players and the integrity of our games to players. However, we cannot provide assurances that our business will not be affected by a security breach or lapse.
If that happens, we may not be able to 31 successfully adapt to player preferences to improve and enhance our games, retain existing players and maintain the popularity of our games, which could cause our business, financial condition, or results of operations to suffer.
If that happens, we may not be able to successfully adapt to player preferences to improve and enhance our games, retain existing players and maintain the popularity of our games, which could cause our business, financial condition, or results of operations to suffer.
If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock.
If we raise additional funds through future issuances of 33 equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock.
Even where we are able to successfully adapt to changing 43 technology, platforms, devices and operating models and evolving industry standards, we may require substantial expenditures to do so, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Even where we are able to successfully adapt to changing technology, platforms, devices and operating models and evolving industry standards, we may require substantial expenditures to do so, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We could also be negatively impacted by 45 existing and proposed laws and regulations in the United States, Israel, the European Union, and other jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as government policies and practices related to cybersecurity, data privacy, data localization and data protection.
We could also be negatively impacted by existing and proposed laws and regulations in the United States, Israel, the European Union, and other jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as government policies and practices related to cybersecurity, data privacy, data localization and data protection.
Efforts to comply with these and other data privacy and security restrictions that may be enacted could require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and increase the cost of our operations. Failure to comply with such restrictions 48 could subject us to criminal and civil sanctions and other penalties.
Efforts to comply with these and other data privacy and security restrictions that may be enacted could require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and increase the cost of our operations. Failure to comply with such restrictions could subject us to criminal and civil sanctions and other penalties.
If third parties obtain patent protection with respect to 50 such technologies, they may assert that our technology infringes their patents and seek to charge us a licensing fee or otherwise preclude the use of our technology.
If third parties obtain patent protection with respect to such technologies, they may assert that our technology infringes their patents and seek to charge us a licensing fee or otherwise preclude the use of our technology.
Any future dividends, and the amounts of such dividends, 58 will be paid only at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, our financial condition, availability of cash, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time.
Any future dividends, and the amounts of such dividends, will be paid only at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, our financial condition, availability of cash, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time.
We have pursued and continue to pursue the filing of patents and registration of trademarks in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and time-consuming and may not be successful.
We have pursued and continue to pursue the filing of patents and registration of trademarks in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and time-consuming and may not 53 be successful.
We expect that we will need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness at comparable interest rates, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Accordingly, we expect that we will need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness at comparable interest rates, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
The original developers of the open source code provide no warranties on such code and open source software may have unknown bugs, malfunctions and other security vulnerabilities which could impact the performance and information security of our technology.
The original developers of the open source code generally provide no warranties on such code and open source software may have unknown bugs, malfunctions and other security vulnerabilities which could impact the performance and information security of our technology.
The market price of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile and may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control or are related in complex ways, including: • changes in analysts’ estimates, investors’ perceptions, recommendations by securities analysts or our failure to achieve analysts’ estimates; • quarterly variations in our or our competitors’ results of operations; • periodic fluctuations in our revenues, which could be due in part to the way in which we recognize revenues; • the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections; • future sales of our common stock or other securities, by us or our stockholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases or lock-up waivers; • the trading volume of our common stock; • general market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors; • changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology and entertainment companies generally, or those in the games industry in particular; • actual or anticipated changes in regulatory oversight of our industry; • the loss of key personnel, including changes in our board of directors and management; • programming errors or other problems associated with our products; • legislation or regulation of our market; • lawsuits threatened or filed against us, including litigation by current or former employees alleging wrongful termination, sexual harassment, whistleblower or other claims; • the announcement of new games, products or product enhancements by us or our competitors; • announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors; • announcements related to patents issued to us or our competitors and related litigation; • announcements by and transactions involving our stockholders, including Playtika Holding UK; and • developments in our industry.
The market price of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile and may fluctuate or decline substantially as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control or are related in complex ways, including: • changes in analysts’ estimates, investors’ perceptions, recommendations by securities analysts or our failure to achieve analysts’ estimates; • quarterly variations in our or our competitors’ results of operations; • periodic fluctuations in our revenues, which could be due in part to the way in which we recognize revenues; • the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections; • future sales of our common stock or other securities, by us or our stockholders, as well as the anticipation of lock-up releases or lock-up waivers; • the trading volume of our common stock; • general market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors; • changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology and entertainment companies generally, or those in the games industry in particular; • actual or anticipated changes in regulatory oversight of our industry; • the loss of key personnel, including changes in our board of directors and management; • programming errors or other problems associated with our products; • legislation or regulation of our market; • lawsuits threatened or filed against us, including litigation by current or former employees alleging wrongful termination, sexual harassment, whistleblower or other claims; • the announcement of new games, products or product enhancements by us or our competitors; • announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors; • announcements related to patents issued to us or our competitors and related litigation; • actions of our stockholders, including our majority stockholder Playtika Holding UK; and • developments in our industry.
We have historically hired a number of key personnel through acquisitions, and as competition with several other game companies increases, we may incur significant expenses in continuing this practice.
We have historically hired a number of key personnel through acquisitions, and as 30 competition with several other game companies increases, we may incur significant expenses in continuing this practice.
If certain U.S. federal income tax rules under Section 7874 of the Internal Revenue Code apply to us, such rules could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. 35 Generally, Section 7874 of the U.S.
If certain U.S. federal income tax rules under Section 7874 of the Internal Revenue Code apply to us, such rules could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. Generally, Section 7874 of the U.S.
Such concerns could lead to increased scrutiny over the manner in which our games are designed, developed, distributed and presented. We cannot predict the likelihood, timing or scope of any concern reaching a level that will impact our business, or whether we would suffer any adverse impacts to our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Such concerns could lead to increased scrutiny over the manner in which our games are designed, developed, distributed and presented. We cannot predict the likelihood, timing or scope of any of these concerns reaching a level that will impact our business, or whether we would suffer any adverse impacts to our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
This legislation may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies. Further, the European Union has adopted comprehensive data privacy and security regulations.
Data Protection legislation may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies. Further, the European Union has adopted comprehensive data privacy and security regulations.
Even if games based on licensed content or brands remain popular, any of our licensors could decide not to renew our existing licenses or not to license additional intellectual property rights to us and instead license to our competitors 52 or develop and publish its own games or other applications, competing with us in the marketplace.
Even if games based on licensed content or brands remain popular, any of our licensors could decide not to renew our existing licenses or not to license additional intellectual property rights to us and instead license to our competitors or 55 develop and publish its own games or other applications, competing with us in the marketplace.
Additionally, we rely on two separate third-party online payment service providers to process any payments generated on games accessed and operated on our own Direct-to-Consumer platforms. If any of these third-party service providers is unable to process payments, even for a short period of time, our business would be harmed.
Additionally, we rely on third-party online payment service providers to process any payments generated on games accessed and operated on our own Direct-to-Consumer platforms. If any of these third-party service providers is unable to process payments, even for a short period of time, our business would be harmed.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its neighboring countries, as well as terrorist acts committed within Israel by hostile elements. In addition, recent political uprisings and conflicts in various countries in the Middle East, including Syria, are affecting the political stability of those countries.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its neighboring countries, as well as terrorist acts committed within Israel by hostile elements. In addition, recent political uprisings and conflicts in various countries in the Middle East are affecting the political stability of those countries.
The Chinese government has taken similar measures, including passing the Anti-Foreign Sanctions 42 Law and imposing sanctions on American nationals and organizations.
The Chinese government has taken similar measures, including passing the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law and imposing sanctions on American nationals and organizations.
Securities analysts may not publish favorable research or reports about our business or may publish no information at all, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. 56 Our stock price and trading volume may be heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures.
Securities analysts may not publish favorable research or reports about our business or may publish no information at all, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. 59 Our stock price and trading volume may be heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures.
Even with these investments, we may experience sudden declines in the popularity of any of our games and fluctuations in the number of daily average users and monthly average users. For example, revenues generated by Slotomania declined by approximately 9.0% in 2023.
Even with these investments, we may experience sudden declines in the popularity of any of our games and fluctuations in the number of daily average users and monthly average users. For example, revenues generated by Slotomania declined by approximately 9.5% in 2024 and 9.0% in 2023.
CIE has granted us an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing license to certain intellectual property associated with World Series of Poker through September 23, 2031, and an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing sublicense to certain trademarks and domain names associated with Caesars Slots through December 31, 2026.
NSUS Group has granted us an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing license to certain intellectual property associated with World Series of Poker through September 23, 2031, and CIE granted us an exclusive, worldwide and royalty-bearing sublicense to certain trademarks and domain names associated with Caesars Slots through December 31, 2026.
We believe it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized and as such, we have provided a valuation allowance on $40.7 million of net operating losses.
We believe it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized and as such, we have provided a valuation allowance on $105.7 million of net operating losses.
The United Kingdom’s Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport launched a call for evidence in September 2020 into the impact of loot boxes on in-game spending and gambling-like behavior in connection with the UK government’s review of the 2005 Gambling Act (the principal gambling regulation in the United Kingdom), and politicians have cited loot boxes as an example of recent technology innovation where government regulation is needed.
Previously, the United Kingdom’s Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport launched a call for evidence into the impact of loot boxes on in-game spending and gambling-like behavior in connection with the UK government’s review of the 2005 Gambling Act (the principal gambling regulation in the United Kingdom), and politicians have cited loot boxes as an example of recent technology innovation where government regulation is needed.
Moreover, foreign jurisdictions could impose tariffs, quotas, trade barriers and other similar restrictions on our international sales. 37 Additionally, while we maintain offices in the United States, most of our senior management and employees are located in our international offices, including our offices in Israel, Belarus, Ukraine and Romania, which subject us to added business, political and economic risks.
Moreover, foreign jurisdictions could impose tariffs, quotas, trade barriers and other similar restrictions on our international sales. 38 Additionally, while we maintain offices in the United States, most of our senior management and employees are located in our international offices, including our offices in Israel, Ukraine and Romania, which subject us to added business, political and economic risks.
Antokol, the agreement has no specific 30 duration and he can terminate his employment at any time, subject to certain agreed notice periods and post-termination restrictive covenants. We do not maintain key-man insurance for Mr. Antokol or any other executive officer or member of our senior management team. In addition, Mr.
Antokol, the agreement has no specific duration and he can terminate his employment at any time, subject to certain agreed notice periods and post-termination restrictive covenants. We do not maintain key-man insurance for Mr. Antokol or any other executive officer or member of our senior management team.
Parties with whom we do business may sometimes decline to travel to Israel during periods of heightened unrest or tension, forcing us to make alternative arrangements when necessary in order to meet our business partners face to face.
Parties with whom we do business may sometimes decline to travel to Israel during periods of heightened unrest or tension, forcing us to make alternative arrangements in order to meet our business partners face to face.
While most of our games do not primarily target children under 18 years of age as their primary audience, the FTC, as well as consumer organizations, may consider that the characteristics of several of our games attract children under 13 years of age. The U.S.
While most of our games do not target children under 18 years of age as their audience, the FTC, as well as consumer organizations, may consider that the characteristics of several of our games attract children under 13 years of age. The U.S.
As of December 31, 2023, Yuzhu Shi controls shares representing a majority of our combined voting power through his indirect interest in Playtika Holding UK II Limited, or Playtika Holding UK and its affiliates.
As of December 31, 2024, Yuzhu Shi controls shares representing a majority of our combined voting power through his indirect interest in Playtika Holding UK II Limited, or Playtika Holding UK and its affiliates.
However, we intend to continue to make significant investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new games and features or enhance our existing games, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, personnel and technologies, or if we decide to return free cash flow to shareholders as we did, for example, through the $600 million self-tender in the fall of 2022 or through the payment of dividends.
We also intend to continue to make significant investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new games and features or enhance our existing games, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, personnel and technologies, or if we decide to return free cash flow to shareholders as we did, for example, through the $600 million self-tender in the fall of 2022, through the payment of dividends or through the repurchase of our stock.
If CEOC were to file for bankruptcy again or if any of our licensors files 53 for bankruptcy, our licenses might be impaired or voided, which could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If CEOC were to file for bankruptcy again or if any of our licensors files 56 for bankruptcy, our licenses might be impaired or voided, which could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Although the strategic alternatives process has been paused, one result of that process was the Company’s self-tender offer to repurchase up to $600 million in shares of its common stock which was consummated in the fall of 2022. The self-tender is an example of a transaction that the Company entered into at least in part due to Mr.
Although the strategic alternatives process has since been terminated, one result of that process was the Company’s self-tender offer to repurchase up to $600 million in shares of its common stock which was consummated in the fall of 2022. The self-tender is an example of a transaction that the Company entered into at least in part due to Mr.
For example, since 2020, there have been many cases filed against social casino game developers, and our third-party platform providers, alleging that social casino games violate various state’s gambling laws, including cases in California, Washington, Mississippi, Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia, New York, Ohio and New Mexico.
For example, since 2020, there have been many cases filed against social casino game developers, or our third-party platform providers, alleging that social casino games violate various state’s gambling laws, including cases in California, Washington, Mississippi, Alabama, Connecticut, Georgia, New York, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio and New Mexico.
In July 2022, the UK government issued a conclusion to the call for evidence and while it did not call for paid loot boxes to be deemed gambling, it called for companies within the industry to engage in self-regulation, including taking actions to protect children and their ability to access and purchase loot boxes.
Subsequently, the UK government issued a conclusion to the call for evidence and while it did not call for paid loot boxes to be deemed gambling, it called for companies within the industry to engage in self-regulation, including taking actions to protect children and their ability to access and purchase loot boxes.
For legislation regarding protection of particular minors, See “Risk Factors— Risks Related to Our Information Technology and Data Security.” Data privacy and security laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we do business could increase the cost of our operations and subject us to possible sanctions, civil lawsuits (including class action or similar representative lawsuits) and other penalties; such laws and regulations are continually evolving.
For legislation regarding protection of minors, see “ Risk Factors— Risks Related to Our Information Technology and Data Security .” Data privacy and security laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we do business continue to increase the cost of our operations and could subject us to possible sanctions, civil lawsuits (including class action or similar representative lawsuits) and other penalties; such laws and regulations are continually evolving.
As we continue to operate and work to grow our business, our revenue growth rates may decline or our revenue may decline compared to prior fiscal years due to a number of reasons, which may include more challenging comparisons to prior periods, a decrease in the growth of our overall market or market saturation, slowing demand for our games, our inability to continue to acquire games or game studios, and our inability to capitalize on growth opportunities.
As we continue to operate and work to grow our business, our revenue growth rates may decline or our revenue may decline compared to prior fiscal years due to a number of reasons, which may include a decrease in the growth of our overall market or market saturation, slowing demand for our games, our inability to continue to acquire games or game studios, and our inability to capitalize on growth opportunities.
It is possible that other countries within and outside the European Union will follow with their own codes or guidance documents relating to processing personal information from children or in relation to online harms; currently, other countries are considering or have issued drafts of similar codes, including: France, Denmark, Switzerland.
It is possible that other countries within and outside the European Union will follow with their own codes or guidance documents relating to processing personal information from children or in relation to online harms; currently, other countries are considering or have issued drafts of similar codes, including: Denmark, Switzerland and multiple U.S.
As a result, compared to all users who play our games in any period, only a small percentage of such users were paying users. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2023, our average Daily Payer Conversion was 3.6%. In addition, a large percentage of our revenues comes from a small subset of these paying users.
As a result, compared to all users who play our games in any period, only a small percentage of such users were paying users. For example, for the year ended December 31, 2024, our average Daily Payer Conversion was 3.8%. In addition, a large percentage of our revenues comes from a small subset of these paying users.
If we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks 55 and trade names, we may not be able to compete effectively, which could harm our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. General Risks The price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially.
If we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks 58 and trade names, we may not be able to compete effectively, which could harm our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. General Risks The price of our common stock is volatile and may fluctuate substantially.
The Israeli Ministry of Justice has introduced amendments to the PPL designed, among other things, to enhance the Privacy Protection Authority’s investigative and enforcement powers (including powers to impose fines) and to broaden data subject rights.
The Israeli Ministry of Justice has also introduced further expected amendments to the PPL designed, among other things, to enhance the Privacy Protection Authority’s investigative and enforcement powers (including powers to impose fines) and to broaden data subject rights.
Each of Apple, Google and Facebook are defendants in class action lawsuits alleging, among other things, that social casino games offered through their respective platforms constitute illegal gambling and in addition to seeking monetary damages, the plaintiffs are also seeking that the platforms remove access to the social casino games.
Each of Apple, Google and Facebook are defendants in class action lawsuits alleging, among other things, that social casino games offered through their respective platforms constitute illegal gambling and in addition to seeking monetary damages, the plaintiffs are also seeking that the platforms remove access to the social casino games. These litigations are still ongoing.
See “Business—Legal Proceedings.” Any securities class action litigation could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. These factors may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
See “ Business—Legal Proceedings .” Any litigation could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. These factors may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
The court deemed this secondary market activity as giving the loot boxes a financial value, in combination with these randomized reward mechanisms, fulfilling a key criterion for gambling under the Austrian law. It is possible that other courts or regulatory agencies could adopt similarly broad definitions of prize.
The court deemed this secondary market activity as giving the loot boxes a financial value, in combination with these randomized reward mechanisms, fulfilling a key criterion for gambling under the Austrian law. 26 It is possible that other courts or regulatory agencies could adopt similarly broad definitions of prize, as has been the case in Belgium.
These lawsuits, or similar suits in the future, could cause Google, Apple, or other third-party platform providers to deny our social casino games access to their platforms or the platforms could seek to pass on liability, including defense 28 costs, for these suits to us under the indemnity provisions in our agreements with such platforms, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.
The issue continues to be litigated and these lawsuits, or similar suits in the future, could cause Google, Apple, or other third-party platform providers to deny our social casino games access to their platforms or the platforms could seek to pass on liability, including defense costs, for these suits to us under the indemnity provisions in our agreements with such platforms, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.
If the mobile games industry or subsets of that industry in which we operate, such as social casino games, decline and our revenues decline faster than the industry, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If the larger mobile games industry or other subsets of that industry in which we operate, such as social casino games, decline or continue to decline and our revenues decline or continue to decline faster than the industry, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may need to implement different or additional measures to establish or maintain legitimate means for the transfer and receipt of personal data from the European Economic Area, Switzerland and the United Kingdom to the United States (and other countries), and we may, in addition to other impacts, experience additional costs associated with increased compliance burdens, and we face the potential for regulators to apply different standards to the transfer of personal data from the European Economic Area, Switzerland and the United Kingdom to the United States (and other countries), and to block, or require verification of measures taken with respect to, certain data flows from the European Economic Area, Switzerland and the United Kingdom to the United States (and other countries).
Revised SCC’s are anticipated in 2025 whereby we may need to implement different or additional measures to establish or maintain legitimate means for the transfer and receipt of personal data from the European Economic Area, Switzerland and the United Kingdom to the United States (and other countries), and we may, in addition to other impacts, experience additional costs associated with increased compliance burdens, and we face the potential for regulators to apply different standards to the transfer of personal data from the European Economic Area, Switzerland and the United Kingdom to the United States (and other countries), and to block, or require verification of measures taken with respect to, certain data flows from the European Economic Area, Switzerland and the United Kingdom to the United States (and other countries).
Yuzhu Shi is a Chinese national and Giant is a Chinese company that indirectly control our controlling stockholder, Playtika Holding UK.
Yuzhu Shi is a Chinese national and Giant is a Chinese company that indirectly controls our controlling stockholder, Playtika Holding UK.
For example, we previously maintained a small office in Crimea, but were forced to close and relocate our personnel as a result of Crimea’s annexation by Russia in 2014.
For example, we previously maintained offices in Crimea, but were forced to close and relocate our personnel in Crimea as a result of Crimea’s annexation by Russia in 2014.
The Credit Facilities were provided pursuant to a credit agreement, which we refer to herein as the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2019 and amended on March 11, 2021, by and among us, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other parties thereto, as amended.
The Credit Facilities were provided pursuant to a credit agreement, which we refer to herein as the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2019 and amended on March 11, 2021, by and among us, the lenders party thereto and UBS AG, Stamford Branch (as successor in interest to Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch), as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other parties thereto, as amended.
These abilities are subject to various uncertainties, including but not limited to: • our ability to provide an enhanced experience for paying users without adversely affecting the gameplay experience for non-paying users; • our ability to continually anticipate and respond to changing user interests and preferences generally and to changes in the gaming industry; • our ability to introduce effective amounts of new content to our players; • our ability to compete successfully against a large and growing number of industry participants with essentially no barriers to entry; • our ability to hire, integrate and retain skilled personnel; • our ability to increase penetration in, and enter into new, demographic markets; • our ability to achieve a positive return on our user acquisition and other marketing investments and to drive organic growth; and • our ability to minimize and quickly resolve bugs or outages. 20 Some of our users also depend on our customer support organization to answer questions relating to our games.
These abilities are subject to various uncertainties, including but not limited to: • our ability to provide an enhanced experience for paying users without adversely affecting the gameplay experience for non-paying users; • our ability to continually anticipate and respond to changing user interests and preferences generally and to changes in the gaming industry; • our ability to introduce effective amounts of new content to our players; • our ability to compete successfully against a large and growing number of industry participants with essentially no barriers to entry; • our ability to hire, integrate and retain skilled personnel; • our ability to increase penetration in, and enter into new, demographic markets; • our ability to achieve a positive return on our user acquisition and other marketing investments and to drive organic growth; and • our ability to minimize and quickly resolve bugs or outages.

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity — threats and controls disclosure

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Our cybersecurity risk management program includes the following key elements: • risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment; • integration with software development procedures and processes throughout the lifecycles of our products. 59 • a team comprised of IT security, IT engineering and IT compliance personnel principally responsible for directing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security processes, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents; • the use of external cybersecurity service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security processes; • cybersecurity awareness training of employees with access to our IT systems and designated security champions throughout the Company’s departments; • a cybersecurity incident response plan and Security Operations Center (SOC) to respond to cybersecurity incidents; • a third-party risk management process for service providers.
Our cybersecurity risk management program includes the following key elements: • risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment; • integration with software development procedures and processes throughout the lifecycles of our products. • a team comprised of IT security, IT engineering and IT compliance personnel principally responsible for directing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security processes, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents; • the use of external cybersecurity service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security processes; • cybersecurity awareness training of employees with access to our IT systems and designated security champions throughout the Company’s departments; • a cybersecurity incident response plan and Security Operations Center (SOC) to respond to cybersecurity incidents; • a third-party risk management process for service providers.
See “Risk Factors – If we sustain cyber-attacks or other privacy or data security incidents that result in security breaches, we could suffer a loss of sales and increased costs, exposure to significant liability, reputational harm and other negative consequences.” Cybersecurity Governance Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as critical to the enterprise and delegates the cybersecurity risk oversight function to the Audit Committee.
See “ Risk Factors – If we sustain cyber-attacks or other privacy or data security incidents that result in security breaches, we could suffer a loss of sales and increased costs, exposure to significant liability, reputational harm and other negative consequences .” 63 Cybersecurity Governance Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as critical to the enterprise and delegates the cybersecurity risk oversight function to the Audit Committee.
See “Risk Factors – Our success depends on the security and integrity of the games we offer, and security breaches or other disruptions could compromise our information or the information of our players and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.” We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
See “ Risk Factors – Our success depends on the security and integrity of the games we offer, and security breaches or other disruptions could compromise our information or the information of our players and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer .” During the reporting period, we did not experience any cybersecurity incident that has materially affected us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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We may add new facilities and expand our existing facilities as we add employees and expand into new locations. We believe suitable additional space will be available as needed to accommodate our needs. 60
We may add new facilities and expand our existing facilities as we add employees and expand into new locations. We believe suitable additional space will be available as needed to accommodate our needs.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES We lease facilities in approximately 20 locations throughout the world, including locations in Israel, the United States, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Finland, Germany, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. We believe our existing facilities are sufficient for our current needs.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES We lease facilities in approximately 15 locations throughout the world, including locations in Israel, the United States, Austria, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. We believe our existing facilities are sufficient for our current needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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On January 12, 2023, PGI filed its response to the Motion for Approval. On March 5, 2023, the applicant submitted his reply to PGI’s 61 response. A pre-trial hearing was held on May 4, 2023. The parties agreed to appoint a mediator to try and resolve the dispute.
On January 12, 2023, PGI filed its response to the Motion for Approval. On March 5, 2023, the applicant submitted his reply to PGI’s response. A pre-trial hearing was held on May 4, 2023. The parties agreed to appoint a mediator to try and resolve the dispute.
Based upon an agreement of plaintiff, the Company, and the other defendants, on February 13, 2023, the Court stayed this action until the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the class action case of Bar-Asher v. Playtika Holding Corp.
Based upon an agreement of plaintiff, the Company, and the other defendants, on February 13, 2023, the Court stayed this action until the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the class action case of Bar-Asher v. Playtika Holding Corp. When the motion to dismiss in the class action case of Bar-Asher v.
As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company intends to vigorously defend this case.
As this stage, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company intends to vigorously defend this case.
Burt filed a lawsuit against the Company and its subsidiary, Playtika Ltd., in the Circuit Court of Coffee County, Tennessee, alleging that the Company’s social casino-themed games are unlawful gambling under Tennessee law.
On November 13, 2023, plaintiff Gina v. Burt filed a lawsuit against the Company and its subsidiary, Playtika Ltd., in the Circuit Court of Coffee County, Tennessee, alleging that the Company’s social casino-themed games are unlawful gambling under Tennessee law.
A hearing on the motions to dismiss was held on November 21, 2023. On January 18, 2024, the court denied Playtika Holding UK II Limited’s motion to dismiss in an oral ruling but reserved decision on the motion to dismiss the claims against the Company’s officers for a written opinion.
A hearing on the motions to dismiss was held on November 21, 2023. On January 18, 2024, the court denied Playtika Holding UK II Limited’s motion to dismiss in an oral ruling. The court issued a written opinion on May 3, 2024 granting the motion to dismiss the claims against the Company’s officers.
The Company timely removed the new complaint to the same U.S. district court on September 28, 2023. On October 20, 2023, the plaintiff filed a motion to remand the case back to the Franklin County Circuit Court and pleadings have been exchanged on the motion to remand.
The Company timely removed the new complaint to the same U.S. district court on September 28, 2023. On October 20, 2023, the plaintiff filed a motion to remand the case back to the Franklin County Circuit Court which the Company opposed. The U.S.
On November 4, 2022, the Company and certain of its directors were named in a derivative action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Bushansky v. Antokol., et al.).
The Company has defended this case vigorously and will continue to do so. 64 On November 4, 2022, the Company and certain of its directors were named in a derivative action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Bushansky v. Antokol., et al.).
As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company intends to defend this case vigorously.
The other motions to dismiss and compel arbitration have been briefed and are currently pending. As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company intends to defend this case vigorously.
District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, plaintiff filed a motion to remand the case back to the Coffee County Circuit Court. The Company filed a motion to dismiss and a motion to compel arbitration and intends to oppose the plaintiff’s motion to remand.
District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, plaintiff filed a motion to remand the case back to the Coffee County Circuit Court which the Company opposed. The Company also filed a motion to dismiss and a motion to compel arbitration. The U.S.
As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
As the Company is awaiting a ruling on the appeals process, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
If a mediated resolution is not reached the Company will continue defending this case vigorously. On April 10, 2023, Playtika Holding UK II Limited, the Company’s controlling shareholder, and certain officers of the Company were sued (Kormos v Playtika Holding UK II Limited, et al.) in the Delaware Chancery Court.
On April 10, 2023, Playtika Holding UK II Limited, the Company’s controlling shareholder, and certain officers of the Company were sued (Kormos v Playtika Holding UK II Limited, et al.) in the Delaware Chancery Court.
As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. On November 13, 2023, plaintiff Gina v.
As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. On June 7, 2024, the Company received a demand letter from counsel for Scott G.
On November 30, 2022, the Company filed with the Court a motion to dismiss. As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company has defended this case vigorously and will continue to do so.
District Court for the Northern District of Alabama issued an order to remand on January 7, 2025, and the Company filed a petition to appeal the order on January 16, 2025. As the case is in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, the litigation may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
The first mediation meeting was held on August 16, 2023 and the second mediation meeting was held on January 7, 2024. The parties are actively working towards a settlement agreement with response to this matter and the expected range of loss is not material to the Company’s financial statements as a whole.
The first mediation meeting was held on August 16, 2023 and the second mediation meeting was held on January 7, 2024.
Removed
In November 2013, the Company’s subsidiary, Playtika, Ltd., sent an initial demand letter to Enigmatus s.r.o., a game developer in the Czech Republic, which owns various U.S. trademark registrations that resemble the Company’s Sloto-formative trademark names, demanding that it cease use of the trademark Slotopoly.
Added
On November 30, 2022, the Company filed with the Court a motion to dismiss. The Company’s motion to dismiss was granted with prejudice on March 18, 2024. However, on April 15, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal. The plaintiffs’ appeal has been briefed and is currently pending.
Removed
In response, Enigmatus s.r.o. asserted that it was the owner of the Sloto-formative trademarks and denied that its game title infringed upon the Company’s trademarks. Enigmatus s.r.o. applied to register one of the Company’s trademarks in the United Kingdom and European Union, and the Company successfully opposed its applications.
Added
Playtika Holding Corp. was granted as discussed above, this action was administratively closed. The Company does not expect this action to move forward until after the appeal of the class action case of Bar-Asher v. Playtika Holding Corp. has been decided.
Removed
In December 2016, Enigmatus s.r.o., filed a trademark infringement lawsuit, Enigmatus, s.r.o. v. Playtika LTD and Caesars Interactive Entertainment, Inc., against Playtika, Ltd. and Caesars Interactive Entertainment LLC in the Federal Court of Canada asserting that the Company’s use of the Slotomania trademarks violates its proprietary and trademark rights. The plaintiff sought injunctive relief and monetary damages.
Added
The parties agreed upon a settlement which was published for review by certain third parties The Office of the Attorney General filed its position on the settlement on behalf of certain professional authorities noting certain concerns regarding the proposed settlement.
Removed
Pleadings have been exchanged and documentary discovery completed. A hearing for summary trial was conducted between June 27-29, 2023. The Company has defended this case vigorously and will continue to do so.
Added
A hearing on the settlement took place on December 15, 2024, during which the court provided feedback and requested clarification regarding the proposed settlement. In response, the Company submitted a modified settlement on January 20, 2025. An additional hearing took place on February 19, 2025, during which the Court provided additional feedback regarding the modified settlement.
Removed
The Company intends to pursue this case vigorously. The Company received seven demands for arbitration in late 2022 and early 2023 alleging that its games constitute illegal gambling under applicable state law. These demands generally attempted to recover amounts spent by third parties on the Company’s games by relying on state gambling loss recovery statutes.
Added
The parties have been asked to consider making additional modifications at this time. The expected range of loss is not material to the Company’s financial statements as a whole. If a mediated resolution is not reached the Company will continue defending this case vigorously.
Removed
All of these demands have either been dismissed or resolved, on an individual basis, at an immaterial value. 62 ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 63 PART II
Added
Kormos, one of the plaintiffs in the Kormos v Playtika Holding UK II Limited, et al. matter described above, pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), seeking disclosure of certain of the Company’s books and records, particularly relating to the share repurchase program the Company announced in May 2024.
Added
The Company has responded to the demand, stating its belief that the demand letter fails to fully comply with the requirements of Section 220 of the DGCL. However, in the interest of resolution and while preserving all rights, the Company has engaged in negotiations with Mr. Kormos’ counsel regarding the production of materials in relation to the demand.
Added
On December 12, 2024, the Company received a demand letter from counsel for Scott G.
Added
Kormos, one of the plaintiffs in the Kormos v Playtika Holding UK II Limited, et al. matter described above, pursuant to Section 220 of the DGCL, seeking disclosure of certain of the Company’s books and records, particularly relating to the pledge of the Company’s common stock 65 by Playtika Holding UK II Limited.
Added
The Company has responded to the demand, stating its belief that the demand letter fails to fully comply with the requirements of Section 220 of the DGCL. However, in the interest of resolution and while preserving all rights, the Company has engaged in negotiations with Mr. Kormos’ counsel regarding the production of materials in relation to the demand.
Added
District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee issued an order to remand on September 26, 2024 and the Company filed a petition to appeal the order on October 7, 2024. The Court granted the Company’s petition for permission to appeal on January 17, 2025, and the appeal has been briefed with oral arguments scheduled for February 25, 2025.
Added
The Company intends to defend this case vigorously. On August 22, 2024, plaintiff Dianne Fuqua filed a lawsuit against the Company and its subsidiary, Playtika Ltd., in the District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, alleging that the Company’s casino-themed social games are unlawful gambling under Kentucky law.
Added
The lawsuit seeks to recover three times the amount paid by Kentucky residents to the Company from its games during the period from August 2019 through June 2023 plus interest, costs and any other relief plaintiff is entitled to. The Company filed a motion to dismiss and a motion to compel arbitration on January 31, 2025.
Added
The Customs House submitted its statement of defense on April 17, 2024 and the Company submitted its response to the statement of defense on June 16. A pre-trial meeting, which was scheduled with the court for November 14, 2024 was postponed with no new date currently set.
Added
In the meantime, the parties have continued to engage in the discovery process and have also engaged in preliminary settlement discussions.
Added
The Company intends to pursue this case vigorously. 66 On June 1, 2024, the Company received pre-arbitration notices from a law firm purporting to represent 5,264 claimants who have played the Company’s games and intend to file arbitration demands alleging that the Company’s games are unlawful or that they otherwise have suffered harm for which recovery is available.
Added
On July 26, 2024, the law firm filed arbitration demands on behalf of 4,549 claimants. On September 13, 2024, the arbitrator requested that the Company waive certain dispute resolution provisions in its terms of service as a condition to its administering the arbitration.
Added
The Company declined to waive such provisions and, as a result, the arbitration was closed on October 3, 2024. On September 16, 2024, the Company received pre-arbitration notices from the same law firm purporting to represent an additional 2,560 claimants alleging the same claims as the other claimants.
Added
As of the date hereof, the Company lacks adequate information to assess the nature or validity of these claims. As such, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, these claims may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company intends to defend these claims vigorously.
Added
On October 17, 2024, the Company received pre-arbitration notices from a different set of affiliated law firms purporting to represent 798 claimants who have played the Company’s games and intend to file arbitration demands alleging that the Company’s games are unlawful and that the claimants made purchases in the Company’s games which were the result of unfair and deceptive practices that violate consumer protection laws.
Added
On January 31, 2025, the affiliated law firms filed arbitration demands on behalf of approximately 1,500 claimants. As these claims are in preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, they may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company intends to defend these claims vigorously.
Added
In December 2024, the Company provided to the Seller parties in the Youda Games acquisition the calculation of the earnout amount. The Sellers have disputed the calculation of the earnout amount. As this dispute is in the preliminary stages, the Company cannot estimate what impact, if any, it may have on its results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Added
The Company intends to defend its positions vigorously. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. 67 PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

4 edited+5 added−0 removed1 unchanged
The information furnished under the heading “Stock Performance Graph”, including the performance graph, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing. 64 ITEM 6.
The information furnished under the heading “ Stock Performance Graph ”, including the performance graph, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol PLTK. As of February 22, 2024, there were approximately 11 stockholders of record of our common stock.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol PLTK. As of February 24, 2025, there were approximately 7 stockholders of record of our common stock.
Dividends On February 25, 2024, Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock, payable on April 5, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 22, 2024, with future dividends subject to market conditions and Board approval.
Additionally, the Board declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share of our outstanding common stock, to be paid on April 4, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 21, 2025. Future dividends are subject to market conditions and Board approval.
Stock Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return of our common stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Composite Index for the period between January 14, 2021 and December 31, 2023.
A summary of our common stock repurchases (in thousands, except average price paid per share) during the fourth quarter of ended December 31, 2024, are as follows: Period (a) Total number of shares purchased (b) Average price paid per share (c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (d) Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs October 1 through October 31, 2024 — n/a — — November 1 through November 30, 2024 — n/a — — December 1 through December 31, 2024 110 $7.029 110 149,226 Total 110 110 149,226 68 Stock Performance Graph The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return of our common stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Composite Index for the period between January 14, 2021 and December 31, 2024.
Added
However, we estimate that we have a significantly greater number of stockholders because a substantial number of beneficial owners of our common stock hold their shares in street name.
Added
Dividends The Board of Directors of the Company declared cash dividends of $0.10 per share of our outstanding common stock payable on April 5, July 5, and October 4, 2024, and January 3, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 22, June 21, September 20, and December 20, 2024, respectively.
Added
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities On May 9, 2024, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for up to $150 million of our common stock.
Added
Under the repurchase program, repurchases can be made using a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, all in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and other applicable legal requirements.
Added
The specific timing, price and size of purchases will depend on prevailing stock prices, general economic and market conditions, and other considerations. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time at the our discretion.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

74 edited+20 added−50 removed68 unchanged
The difference between the effective income tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate was primarily due to adverse impacts of certain recurring items such as tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amounts of income earned in those jurisdictions, unrecognized tax benefits, and GILTI inclusion.
The difference between the effective income tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate was primarily due to adverse impacts of certain recurring items such as tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amounts of income earned in those jurisdictions, unrecognized tax benefits, and GILTI inclusion.
Investing activities Net cash flows used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased $165.6 million when compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 mainly due to $159.6 million of consideration paid (net of cash acquired) for the 2023 acquisitions of Youda Games and G.S InnPlay Labs Ltd.
Net cash flows used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased $165.6 million when compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, mainly due to $159.6 million of consideration paid (net of cash acquired) for the 2023 acquisitions of Youda Games and G.S InnPlay Labs Ltd.
We performed a regression analysis at the inception of the hedging relationship and at period end in which we compared the change in the fair value of the swap transaction and the change in fair value of a hypothetical interest rate swap having terms that identically match the terms of the debt's interest rate payments historical swap rates.
We performed a regression analysis at inception of the hedging relationship and at period end in which we compared the change in the fair value of the swap transaction and the change in fair value of a hypothetical interest rate swap having terms that identically match the terms of the debt's interest rate payments historical swap rates.
Sales and other taxes collected from customers on behalf of governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are not included in revenues or operating expenses. 79 We also have relationships with certain advertising service providers for advertisements within our games and revenues from these advertising providers is generated through impressions, clickthroughs, banner ads and offers.
Sales and other taxes collected from customers on behalf of governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are not included in revenues or operating expenses. We also have relationships with certain advertising service providers for advertisements within our games and revenues from these advertising providers is generated through impressions, clickthroughs, banner ads and offers.
The preparation of cash flow projections for use in any impairment indicators test or fair value analysis requires management to make critical estimates, judgments and assumptions with regards to estimated future cash flows, as they are, by their 78 nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from such estimates.
The preparation of cash flow projections for use in any impairment indicators test or fair value analysis requires management to make critical estimates, judgments and assumptions with regards to estimated future cash flows, as they are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from such estimates.
We have determined that displaying the advertisements within the mobile games is identified as a single performance obligation. The transaction price in advertising arrangements is established by our advertising service providers and is generally the product of the number of advertising units delivered (e.g. impressions, offers completed, etc.) and the contractually agreed upon price per unit.
We have determined that 82 displaying the advertisements within the mobile games is identified as a single performance obligation. The transaction price in advertising arrangements is established by our advertising service providers and is generally the product of the number of advertising units delivered (e.g. impressions, offers completed, etc.) and the contractually agreed upon price per unit.
Our acquisition of the Youda Games’ card game portfolio and InnPlay Labs contributed to revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, without which the year-over-year decrease in our revenues would have been greater. Revenue growth from our casual games were unable to offset the revenue declines coming from our social casino-themed 69 games.
Our acquisition of the Youda Games’ card game portfolio and InnPlay Labs contributed to revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, without which the year-over-year decrease in our revenues would have been greater. Revenue growth from our casual games were unable to offset the revenue declines coming from our social casino-themed games.
When business combinations include an earnout payment or contingent consideration that embodies an unconditional obligation for us to transfer assets on a specific agreed-upon date, that liability is measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and as of each reporting date until the obligation is resolved.
When business combinations include an earnout payment or contingent consideration that embodies an unconditional obligation for us to transfer assets on a specific agreed-upon date, that liability is measured at estimated fair value as of the acquisition date and as of each reporting date until the obligation is resolved.
We intend to continue to seek new opportunities to enhance and refine these 66 marketing efforts to acquire new users, including identifying potential technologies to enhance our marketing and advertising capabilities. Components of our Results of Operations Revenues We primarily derive revenue from the sale of virtual items associated with online games.
We intend to continue to seek new opportunities to enhance and refine these marketing efforts to acquire new users, including identifying potential technologies to enhance our marketing and advertising capabilities. Components of our Results of Operations Revenues We primarily derive revenue from the sale of virtual items associated with online games.
Included in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, with no comparable amounts for the year ended December 31, 2023, are $7.5 million of costs related to the acquisition of Reworks and to certain office closures, and reversals of $14.1 million of contingent consideration expense related to the JustPlay and Reworks acquisitions.
Included in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022, 75 with no comparable amounts for the year ended December 31, 2023, are $7.5 million of costs related to the acquisition of Reworks and to certain office closures, and reversals of $14.1 million of contingent consideration expense related to the JustPlay and Reworks acquisitions.
This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, our experience with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. 81 Uncertain tax positions The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions.
This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the 83 duration of statutory carryforward periods, our experience with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. Uncertain tax positions The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions.
We also apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) (“ASU 2021-08)” which requires that we recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) and that at the acquisition date, we account for related revenue contracts in accordance with ASC 606 as if we had originated the contracts.
We also apply the provisions of ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) (“ASU 2021-08”) which requires that we recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) and that at the acquisition date, we account for related revenue contracts in accordance with ASC 606 as if we had originated the contracts.
Foreign currency hedge agreements We use foreign currency derivative contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuating exchange rates between the United States dollar (as our functional currency) and certain expense lines denominated in Israeli Shekels (“ILS”), Polish Zloty (“PLN”) and Romanian Leu (“RON”). Our derivative contracts are designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815.
Foreign currency hedge agreements We use foreign currency derivative contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuating exchange rates between the United States dollar (as our functional currency) and certain expense lines denominated in Euros (“EUR”), Israeli Shekels (“ILS”), Polish Zloty (“PLN”) and Romanian Leu (“RON”). Our derivative contracts are designated as cash flow hedges under ASC 815.
These expenditures generally occur months in advance of the release of new content or the launch or acquisition of a new game. • User acquisition .
These expenditures generally occur months in advance of the release of new content or the launch or acquisition of a new game. 70 • User acquisition .
General and administrative expenses for the year December 31, 2023 include a $1.0 million tax assessment paid under protest. Further, the Company incurred $6.6 million and $24.7 million in costs related to strategic alternatives, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
General and administrative expenses for the year December 31, 2023 include a $1.0 million tax assessment paid under protest. Further, we incurred $6.6 million and $24.7 million in costs related to strategic alternatives, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Net Income We calculate net income as revenue minus cost of revenues, research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses, interest and taxes. 68 Results of Operations The tables below show the results of our key financial and operating metrics for the periods indicated.
Net Income We calculate net income as revenue minus cost of revenues, research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses, interest and taxes. 72 Results of Operations The tables below show the results of our key financial and operating metrics for the periods indicated.
The difference between the effective income tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate is primarily due to adverse impacts of certain recurring items including tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amounts of income earned in those jurisdictions, unrecognized tax benefits, and GILTI inclusion.
The difference between the effective income tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate is primarily due to adverse impacts of certain recurring items including tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amounts of income earned in those jurisdictions, unrecognized tax benefits, GILTI inclusion, and valuation allowances.
In February 2024, our Board of Directors elected to declare a cash dividend of $0.10 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock. We will maintain a focus on financial discipline through a balanced approach of evaluation of M&A opportunities and stockholder dividends while maintaining adequate capital requirements for ongoing operations.
In 2024, our Board of Directors elected to declare quarterly cash dividends of $0.10 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock. We will maintain a focus on financial discipline through a balanced approach of evaluation of M&A opportunities and stockholder dividends while maintaining adequate capital requirements for ongoing operations.
Overview We are one of the world’s leading developers of mobile games creating fun, innovative experiences that entertain and engage our users. We have built best-in-class live game operations services and a proprietary technology platform to support our portfolio of games which enable us to drive strong user engagement and monetization.
Overview We are one of the world’s leading developers of mobile games creating fun, innovative experiences that entertain and engage our users. We have built best-in-class live game operations services and proprietary technology tools to support our portfolio of games which enable us to drive strong user engagement and monetization.
The Board will continue to evaluate the economic environment, our cash needs, optimal uses of cash, and other applicable factors, and may elect to make additional changes to dividends (if any) in future periods.
The Board will continue to evaluate the economic environment, our cash needs, optimal uses of cash, and other applicable factors, and may elect to make changes to the payment of dividends (if any) in future periods.
(3) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2023 consists primarily of $1.8 million incurred by the Company for severance and $1.0 million for tax assessment paid under protest.
The amount for the year ended December 31, 2023 consists primarily of $1.8 million incurred by the Company for severance and $1.0 million for a tax assessment paid under protest.
Our Credit Agreement defines Adjusted EBITDA (which we call “Credit Adjusted EBITDA”) as net income before (i) interest expense, (ii) interest income, (iii) provision for income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization expense, (v) impairment of intangible assets, (vi) stock-based compensation, (vii) contingent consideration, (viii) acquisition and related expenses, and (ix) certain other items.
Our Credit Agreement defines Adjusted EBITDA (which we call “Credit Adjusted EBITDA”) as net income before (i) interest expense, (ii) interest income, (iii) provision for income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization expense, (v) impairment charges, (vi) stock-based compensation, (vii) contingent consideration, (viii) acquisition and related expenses, and (ix) certain other items.
The fair value approximates the amount we would pay or receive if these contracts were settled at the respective valuation dates. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”).
The fair value approximates the amount we would pay or receive if these contracts were settled at the respective valuation dates. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency derivative contracts are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as established by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”).
The amount for the year ended December 31, 2022 consists of $13.2 million incurred by the Company for severance, $4.1 million incurred by the Company for relocation and support provided to employees due to the war in Ukraine and $16.4 million incurred related to the announced restructuring activities.
The amount for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $13.2 million incurred by the Company for severance, $4.1 million incurred by the Company for relocation and support provided to employees due to the war in Ukraine and $16.4 million incurred related to the announced restructuring activities.
Durable virtual items represent items that are accessible to the player over an extended period of time. We recognize revenues from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated average life of the paying player, which is estimated on a game-by-game basis and generally ranges from eight months up to fourteen months.
Durable virtual items represent items that are accessible to the player over an extended period of time. We recognize revenues from the sale of durable virtual items ratably over the estimated average life of the paying player, which is estimated on a game-by-game basis and generally ranges from six months up to twelve months.
The Credit Facilities were provided pursuant to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2019, by and among Playtika, the lenders party thereto, and Credit Suisse, AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent (in such capacity, the "Administrative Agent") and collateral agent (in such capacity, the "Collateral Agent").
The Credit Facilities were provided pursuant to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2019, by and among Playtika, the lenders party thereto, and UBS AG, Stamford Branch (as successor in interest to Credit Suisse, AG, Cayman Islands Branch), as administrative agent (in such capacity, the "Administrative Agent") and collateral agent (in such capacity, the "Collateral Agent").
Liquidity Our primary sources of liquidity are the cash flows generated from our operations, currently available unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, short-term highly liquid investments, and borrowings under our Credit Facility and Revolver. Our cash and cash equivalents totaled $1,029.7 million and $768.7 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Liquidity Our primary sources of liquidity are the cash flows generated from our operations, currently available unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, short-term highly liquid investments, and borrowings under our Credit Facility and Revolver. Our cash and cash equivalents totaled $565.8 million and $1,029.7 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Interest income consists of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents. Foreign currency translation adjustments, net, include gains and losses resulting from remeasurement of certain non-USD denominated balance sheet times.
Interest income consists of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Foreign currency translation adjustments, net, include gains and losses resulting from remeasurement of certain non-USD denominated balance sheet items.
Capital resources On December 10, 2019, we entered into $2,750 million of senior secured credit facilities (the “Credit Facilities”), consisting of a $250 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), and a $2,500 million first lien term loan (the “Old Term Loan”).
Capital resources On December 10, 2019, we entered into $2,750 million of Credit Facilities, consisting of a $250 million Revolving Credit Facility, and a $2,500 million first lien term loan (the “Old Term Loan”).
Cash flows The following tables present a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net cash flows provided by operating activities $ 515.6 $ 493.7 $ 551.7 Net cash flows used in investing activities (240.2) (74.6) (609.4) Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (18.2) (652.0) 559.7 Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 4.1 (15.7) (6.6) Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 261.3 $ (248.6) $ 495.4 Operating activities Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased $21.9 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2022.
Cash flows The following tables present a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated (in millions): Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Net cash flows provided by operating activities $ 490.1 $ 515.6 $ 493.7 Net cash flows used in investing activities (782.1) (240.2) (74.6) Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities (167.1) (18.2) (652.0) Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (4.9) 4.1 (15.7) Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ (464.0) $ 261.3 $ (248.6) Operating activities Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $25.5 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2023.
Net income Upon aggregating all of the components of our results of operations above, net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $40.3 million when compared with 2022. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by $33.2 million when compared to 2021.
Net income Upon aggregating the components of our results of operations above, net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $72.8 million when compared with 2023. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $40.3 million when compared to 2022.
These adverse impacts are partially offset by the favorable impact of the Israeli Preferred Technology Enterprise regime. The full rate reconciliation is available in Note 21, Income Taxes. 72 The provision for income tax was $85.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the effective income tax rate was 23.7%.
These adverse impacts are partially offset by the the favorable impact of the Israeli Preferred Technology Enterprise regime. The provision for income tax was $85.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the effective income tax rate was 23.7%.
When we acquire games and studios, we focus on providing existing audiences with proven content and applying our live operations to create a better game experience for users.
When we acquire games and studios, we focus on providing existing audiences with proven content and applying live operations to create a better game experience for users. • Offering of new games and release of new content, offers, and features .
Derivative instruments Interest rate swap agreements We use interest rate swap contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuating interest rates associated with our variable rate debt, and to effectively increase the portion of debt upon which we pay a fixed interest rate.
Therefore, we recognize revenues related to these arrangements on a net basis. Derivative instruments Interest rate swap agreements We use interest rate swap contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuating interest rates associated with our variable rate debt, and to effectively increase the portion of debt upon which we pay a fixed interest rate.
Our presentation of Credit Adjusted EBITDA and Credit Adjusted EBITDA Margin should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or unexpected items. 73 Year ended December 31, (In millions) 2023 2022 2021 Net income $ 235.0 $ 275.3 $ 308.5 Provision for income taxes 157.1 85.5 99.9 Interest expense and other, net 109.5 110.6 153.8 Depreciation and amortization 158.0 162.0 145.5 EBITDA 659.6 633.4 707.7 Stock-based compensation (1) 110.0 123.5 100.4 Impairment of intangible assets 51.3 — — Contingent consideration 1.4 (14.3) (6.6) Acquisition and related expenses (2) 6.5 24.7 43.3 Other items (3) 3.4 37.8 3.9 Credit Adjusted EBITDA $ 832.2 $ 805.1 $ 848.7 Net income margin 9.2 % 10.5 % 11.9 % Credit Adjusted EBITDA margin 32.4 % 30.8 % 32.9 % __________ (1) Reflects, for all years, stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of equity awards to our employees.
Our presentation of Credit Adjusted EBITDA and Credit Adjusted EBITDA Margin should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or unexpected items. 77 Year ended December 31, (In millions) 2024 2023 2022 Net income $ 162.2 $ 235.0 $ 275.3 Provision for income taxes 118.3 157.1 85.5 Interest and other, net 111.1 109.5 110.6 Depreciation and amortization 165.7 158.0 162.0 EBITDA 557.3 659.6 633.4 Stock-based compensation (1) 99.2 110.0 123.5 Impairment charges 68.9 51.3 — Changes in estimated value of contingent consideration (9.8) 1.4 (14.3) Acquisition and related expenses (2) 19.7 6.5 24.7 Other items (3) 22.4 3.4 37.8 Credit Adjusted EBITDA $ 757.7 $ 832.2 $ 805.1 Net income margin 6.4 % 9.2 % 10.5 % Credit Adjusted EBITDA margin 29.7 % 32.4 % 30.8 % __________ (1) Reflects stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of equity awards to our employees and Directors.
Year ended December 31, (in millions, except percentages, Average DPUs, and ARPDAU) 2023 2022 2021 Revenues $ 2,567.0 $ 2,615.5 $ 2,583.0 Total cost and expenses $ 2,065.4 $ 2,144.1 $ 2,020.8 Operating income $ 501.6 $ 471.4 $ 562.2 Net income $ 235.0 $ 275.3 $ 308.5 Credit Adjusted EBITDA $ 832.2 $ 805.1 $ 848.7 Non-financial performance metrics Average DAUs 8.7 9.4 10.4 Average DPUs (in thousands) 310 314 300 Average Daily Payer Conversion 3.6 % 3.3 % 2.9 % ARPDAU $ 0.81 $ 0.76 $ 0.68 Average MAUs 29.4 31.4 34.0 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2023 versus the year ended December 31, 2022 Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2023 2022 Revenues earned through third-party platforms $ 1,927.6 $ 2,008.6 Revenues earned through Direct-to-Consumer platforms 639.4 606.9 Revenues $ 2,567.0 $ 2,615.5 Cost of revenue $ 718.5 $ 735.7 Research and development expenses 406.4 472.3 Sales and marketing expenses 585.7 603.7 General and administrative expenses 303.5 332.4 Impairment of intangible assets 51.3 — Total costs and expenses $ 2,065.4 $ 2,144.1 Revenues Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $48.5 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2022.
Year ended December 31, (in millions, except percentages, Average DPUs, and ARPDAU) 2024 2023 2022 Revenues $ 2,549.3 $ 2,567.0 $ 2,615.5 Total cost and expenses $ 2,157.7 $ 2,065.4 $ 2,144.1 Operating income $ 391.6 $ 501.6 $ 471.4 Net income $ 162.2 $ 235.0 $ 275.3 Credit Adjusted EBITDA $ 757.7 $ 832.2 $ 805.1 Non-financial performance metrics Average DAUs 8.1 8.7 9.4 Average DPUs (in thousands) 312 310 314 Average Daily Payer Conversion 3.8 % 3.6 % 3.3 % ARPDAU $ 0.86 $ 0.81 $ 0.76 Average MAUs 29.0 29.4 31.4 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2024 versus the year ended December 31, 2023 Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 Revenues earned through third-party platforms $ 1,855.1 $ 1,927.6 Revenues earned through Direct-to-Consumer platforms 694.2 639.4 Revenues $ 2,549.3 $ 2,567.0 Cost of revenue $ 692.1 $ 718.5 Research and development expenses 403.0 406.4 Sales and marketing expenses 705.0 585.7 General and administrative expenses 288.7 303.5 Impairment charges 68.9 51.3 Total costs and expenses $ 2,157.7 $ 2,065.4 Revenues Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $17.7 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2023.
Business combinations We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations and allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill.
Business combinations We apply the provisions of ASC 805, Business Combinations and allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed or incurred, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities for each period primarily consisted of net income generated during the period, exclusive of non-cash expenses such as depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation, with changes in working capital impacted by normal timing differences.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities for each period primarily consisted of net income generated during the period, exclusive of non-cash expenses such as depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation, and changes in the fair value of contingent consideration payable, with changes in working capital impacted by the payment of annual and incentive bonuses and payment of long-term cash compensation during the first quarter and other normal timing differences.
When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired technology, acquired trademarks and the acquired user base from a market participant perspective, useful lives and discount rates.
Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired technology, acquired trademarks and the acquired user base from a market participant perspective, useful lives and discount rates.
These operating metrics help our management to understand and measure the engagement levels of the Company’s players, the size of its audience and its reach. See “Basis of Presentation” and “Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data” for additional information of these measures.
These operating metrics help our management to understand and measure the engagement levels of our players, the size of our audience and our reach. See “ Basis of Presentation ” and “ Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data ” for additional information of these measures.
Restricted cash primarily consists of deposits to secure obligations under our operating lease agreements and to secure 74 company-issued credit cards. The classification of restricted cash as current and long-term is dependent upon the intended use of each particular reserve.
Our restricted cash totaled $1.9 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Restricted cash primarily consists of deposits to secure obligations under our operating lease agreements and to secure 78 company-issued credit cards. The classification of restricted cash as current and long-term is dependent upon the intended use of each particular reserve.
Other Factors Affecting Net Income Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 Interest expense $ 153.0 $ 117.5 $ 149.2 Interest income (42.7) (14.1) (0.8) Foreign currency exchange, net (1.3) 7.0 5.7 Other 0.5 0.2 (0.3) Taxes on income 157.1 85.5 99.9 Interest expense Interest expense in 2023, 2022 and 2021 is primarily related to amounts borrowed under the December 2019 Credit Facilities.
Other Factors Affecting Net Income Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 Interest expense $ 155.2 $ 154.2 $ 117.5 Interest income (56.1) (43.9) (14.1) Foreign currency exchange, net 11.6 (1.3) 7.0 Other 0.4 0.5 0.2 Taxes on income 118.3 157.1 85.5 Interest expense Interest expense in 2024, 2023 and 2022 is primarily related to amounts borrowed under the Credit Facilities and senior notes.
Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased $58.0 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased $21.9 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2022.
We believe that the hedging instruments are expected to be highly effective at offsetting changes in the hedged transactions attributable to the risk being hedged. For each future reporting period, we will continue performing retrospective and prospective assessments of hedge effectiveness in a single regression analysis by updating the regression analysis that was prepared at inception of the hedging relationship.
For each future reporting period, we will continue performing retrospective and prospective assessments of hedge effectiveness in a single regression analysis by updating the regression analysis that was prepared at the inception of the hedging relationship.
Income taxes Valuation allowances We reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on the more likely than not realization threshold.
See Note 15, Fair Value Measurements , for additional discussion. Income taxes Valuation allowances We reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.
Sales and marketing expenses Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $22.0 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2021.
Sales and marketing expenses Sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $119.3 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2023.
Due to the inherent uncertainty involving estimates, actual results reported in the future may differ from such estimates. For additional information on our significant accounting policies, please refer to Note 1, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the financial statements included elsewhere in this filing.
For additional information on our significant accounting policies, please refer to Note 1, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the financial statements included elsewhere in this filing.
In addition, sales and marketing expenses include depreciation and amortization expenses associated with assets related to our sales and marketing efforts. We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to retain and acquire users. However, sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of revenues depending on the timing and efficiency of our marketing efforts.
In addition, sales and marketing expenses include depreciation and amortization expenses associated with assets related to our sales and marketing efforts. We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to retain and acquire users.
General and administrative expenses also include depreciation and amortization expenses associated with assets not directly attributable to any of the 67 expense categories above. We also record adjustments to contingent consideration payable recorded after the acquisition date, and legal settlement expenses, as components of general and administrative expense.
We also record adjustments to contingent consideration payable recorded after the acquisition date, and legal settlement expenses, as components of general and administrative expense.
Cash used for capital expenditures in the normal course of business is typically made available from cash flows generated by operating activities. We may also pursue acquisition opportunities for additional businesses or social or mobile games that meet our strategic and return on investment criteria. Capital needs are evaluated on an individual investment basis and may require significant capital commitments.
We may also pursue acquisition opportunities for additional businesses or social or mobile games that meet our strategic and return on investment criteria. Capital needs are evaluated on an individual investment basis and may require significant capital commitments.
We have grown and expect to continue to grow our business by acquiring games and game studios that we believe can benefit from our live operations services, our Playtika Boost Platform, our design experience, and our scale.
We have grown and expect to continue to grow our business by acquiring games and game studios that have broad appeal and potential for scalable leadership in our core genres, enhance our growth profile, or that we believe can benefit from our live operations services, our design experience, and our scale.
Impairment of intangible assets During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $41.6 million related to the Redecor game title based upon lower than expected performance of that title based upon lower than expected performance of that title.
Impairment charges During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an impairment charge of $41.6 million related to the Redecor game title based upon lower than expected performance of that title. Also included in the year ended December 31, 2023 is a $9.7 million write-off of JustPlay.LOL Ltd’s game title.
We distribute our games to the end customer through various web and mobile platforms such as Apple, Facebook, Google, and other web and mobile platforms.
Revenue recognition We primarily derive revenues from the sale of virtual items associated with online games. We distribute our games to the end customer through various web and mobile platforms such as Apple, Facebook, Google, and other web and mobile platforms.
Research and development expenses Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $85.6 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2021.
Research and development expenses Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $3.4 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2023.
Our players’ willingness to consistently make in-app purchases is impacted by our ability to deliver engaging content and personalized user experiences. • Acquisitions of games and new technology .
Our financial performance is dependent, in part, on our ability to convert active players into paying players and sustainably grow user spend over the long term. Our players’ willingness to consistently make in-app purchases is impacted by our ability to deliver engaging content and personalized user experiences. • Acquisitions of games and new technology .
The Company is actively monitoring the developments in this war. Key Factors Affecting Our Business There are a number of factors that affect the performance of our business, and the comparability of our results from period to period, including: • Conversion of players into paying users and ongoing monetization.
Key Factors Affecting Our Business There are a number of factors that affect the performance of our business, and the comparability of our results from period to period, including: • Conversion of players into paying users and ongoing monetization. While our games are free-to-play, we generate substantially all of our revenues from players’ purchases of in-game virtual items.
The amount for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes business optimization expenses. Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital spending We incur capital expenditures in the normal course of business and perform ongoing enhancements and updates to our social and mobile games to maintain their quality standards.
Liquidity and Capital Resources Capital spending We incur capital expenditures in the normal course of business and perform ongoing enhancements and updates to our social and mobile games to maintain their quality standards. Cash used for capital expenditures in the normal course of business is typically made available from cash flows generated by operating activities.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $600 million in additional borrowing capacity pursuant to our Revolving Credit Facility. Payments of short-term debt obligations, dividends to shareholders and other commitments are expected to be made from cash on the balance sheet and operating cash flows.
Payments of short-term debt obligations, dividends to shareholders and other commitments are expected to be made from cash on the balance sheet and operating cash flows. Long-term obligations are expected to be paid through operating cash flows, or, if necessary, borrowings under our Revolving Credit facility or, if necessary, additional term loans or issuances of equity.
Interest income Interest income in 2023, 2022 and 2021 is primarily related to interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short term bank deposits. The increase in interest income in 2023 when compared with previous years is driven primarily by higher interest rates and from more active investment of excess cash in income-bearing investments.
The increase in interest income for 2024 when compared to 2023 is primarily due to higher interest rates, more active investments of excess cash in income-bearing investments, and from interset earned on excess taxes paid in Israel in prior years.
If our estimates of future cash flows are not met or if there are changes in significant assumptions and judgments used in the estimation process, we may have to record impairment charges in the future. Revenue recognition We primarily derive revenues from the sale of virtual items associated with online games.
If 81 our estimates of future cash flows are not met or if there are changes in significant assumptions and judgments used in the estimation process, we may have to record impairment charges in the future. Further, unless an asset is entirely impaired, future estimates, judgments and assumptions may result in additional impairments in a later period.
We also seek to make acquisitions in technology that enhance our marketing, artificial intelligence and research and development capabilities. • Offering of new games and release of new content, offers, and features . Our key revenue drivers include improving the content, offers, and features in our existing games and the acquisition of new games.
Our key revenue drivers include improving the content, offers, and features in our existing games and the acquisition of new games.
Our judgments are based upon our management’s historical experience, terms of existing contracts, observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. 76 We consider accounting estimates to be critical accounting policies when: • the estimates involve matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimates are made; and • different estimates or changes to estimates could have a material impact on the reported financial positions, changes in financial position or results of operations.
We consider accounting estimates to be critical accounting policies when: • the estimates involve matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimates are made; and • different estimates or changes to estimates could have a material impact on the reported financial positions, changes in financial position or results of operations. 80 When more than one accounting principle, or method of its application, is generally accepted, we select the principle or method that we consider to be the most appropriate when given the specific circumstances.
Impairment of intangible assets Our impairment of intangible assets represents charges recorded for the excess of the carrying amount over estimated fair value of our identifiable intangible assets.
Impairment charges in 2023 reflect charges recorded for the excess of the carrying amount over estimated fair value of our identifiable intangible assets. Interest and other, net Our interest expense includes interest incurred under our Credit Agreement and amortization of deferred financing costs.
General and administrative General and administrative expenses consist of salaries, bonuses, benefits, and other compensation, including stock-based compensation, for all our corporate support functional areas, including our senior leadership. In addition, general and administrative expenses include outsourced professional services such as consulting, legal and accounting services, taxes and dues, insurance premiums, and costs associated with maintaining our property and infrastructure.
In addition, general and administrative expenses include outsourced professional services such as consulting, legal and accounting services, taxes and dues, insurance premiums, and costs associated with maintaining our property and infrastructure. General and administrative expenses also include depreciation and amortization expenses associated with assets not directly attributable to any of the expense categories above.
The increase in interest expense in 2023 when compared with 2022 is primarily related to higher average interest rates. The decrease in interest expense in 2022 when compared with 2021 is driven primarily by the refinancing of our Term Loan with a new facility bearing a lower interest rate spread.
The increase in interest expense in 2024 when compared to 2023 is primarily due to slightly higher average interest rates. The increase in interest expense in 2023 when compared with 2022 is primarily related to higher average interest rates.
Net cash flows used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased $534.8 million when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, mainly due to $394.1 million of consideration paid (net of cash acquired) for the 2021 acquisition of Reworks and $100.0 million used for investment in short-term bank deposits in 2021, offset by $100.1 million of proceeds from short-term bank deposits in 2022. 75 Financing activities Net cash flows used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $18.2 million primarily related to repayments on bank borrowings.
Financing activities Net cash flows used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $167.1 million primarily related to dividends paid, earnout payments related to acquisitions, and repayments on bank borrowings. Net cash flows used in 79 financing activities of $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily related to repayments on bank borrowings.
Also included in the year ended December 31, 2023 is a $9.7 million write-off of JustPlay.LOL Ltd’s game title. 70 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2022 versus the year ended December 31, 2021 Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2022 2021 Revenues earned through third-party platforms $ 2,008.6 $ 2,054.0 Revenues earned through Direct-to-Consumer platforms 606.9 529.0 Revenues $ 2,615.5 $ 2,583.0 Cost of revenue $ 735.7 $ 729.0 Research and development expenses 472.3 386.7 Sales and marketing expenses 603.7 581.7 General and administrative expenses 332.4 323.4 Total costs and expenses $ 2,144.1 $ 2,020.8 Revenues Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $32.5 million when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.
Impairment charges During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded an impairment charge of $29.9 million related to the Redecor game title based upon continued lower than expected performance of that title, and an impairment charge of $36.3 million related to certain investments in unconsolidated affiliates based upon poor performance of those investments leading to significant uncertainty regarding their future viability. 74 Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2023 versus the year ended December 31, 2022 Year ended December 31, (in millions) 2023 2022 Revenues earned through third-party platforms $ 1,927.6 $ 2,008.6 Revenues earned through Direct-to-Consumer platforms 639.4 606.9 Revenues $ 2,567.0 $ 2,615.5 Cost of revenue $ 718.5 $ 735.7 Research and development expenses 406.4 472.3 Sales and marketing expenses 585.7 603.7 General and administrative expenses 303.5 332.4 Impairment charges 51.3 — Total costs and expenses $ 2,065.4 $ 2,144.1 Revenues Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $48.5 million when compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.
Taxes on income The provision for income tax was $157.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the effective income tax rate was 40.1%.
These adverse impacts are partially 76 offset by the favorable impact of the Israeli Preferred Technology Enterprise regime. The full rate reconciliation is available in Note 21, Income Taxes. The provision for income tax was $157.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the effective income tax rate was 40.1%.
The same focus on player conversion, combined with improvements to monetization, new content and new product features drove an increase in DPUs in 2022 compared to 2021. The increase in revenues generated from Direct-to-Consumer platforms as a percentage of total revenues resulted from marketing activities for the games offered through these platforms.
The increase in revenues generated from Direct-to-Consumer platforms as a percentage of total revenues resulted from marketing activities for the games offered through these platforms. Cost of revenue Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $26.4 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2023.
War in Israel On October 7, 2023, the State of Israel was attacked by Hamas, and the State of Israel subsequently declared war on Hamas. While this war has not had a direct material financial impact on the Company as of the date of this filing, the Company employs approximately 1,100 professionals in Israel.
While this war and these conflicts have not had a direct material financial impact on the Company as of the date of this filing, the Company’s headquarters are located in Israel, and the Company employs approximately 1,320 professionals in Israel, including the majority of the Company’s senior leadership team. The Company is actively monitoring the developments in this geographic region.
The increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily related to increased amortization expense, increased media buy expenses, increased stock-based compensation costs, and increased headcount and higher associated payroll costs. 71 General and administrative expenses General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $9.0 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2021.
Depreciation and amortization expense also increased approximately $9.4 million, which was partially offset by a net decrease in compensation and associated costs. General and administrative expenses General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $14.8 million when compared with the year ended December 31, 2023.
(2) The amounts for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily relate to expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the evaluation of strategic alternatives for the Company.
(2) Includes costs incurred to evaluate and pursue acquisition activities as well as costs incurred by the Company in connection with the evaluation of strategic alternatives. (3) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2024 consists primarily of $14.5 million and $6.9 million incurred by the Company related to severance and restructuring activities, respectively.
We determine the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed after review and consideration of relevant information including discounted cash flows, quoted market prices, and estimates made by management. To the extent the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such excess is recorded as goodwill.
The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed or incurred, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets.
Research and development expenses were adversely impacted by increased headcount and associated payroll costs in our existing research and development operations, including costs incurred in connection with severance payments incurred during the fourth quarter 2022 in connection with our workforce reduction.
Research and development expenses were primarily impacted by a net decrease of approximate $22.4 million in payroll and associated payroll costs, including stock based compensation, offset by merit increases, a shift of our workforce composition towards higher-cost locations, and an increase in the costs incurred in connection with severance.
Removed
While our games are free-to-play, we generate substantially all of our revenues from players’ purchases of in-game virtual items. Our financial performance is dependent, in part, on our ability to convert active players into paying players and sustainably grow user spend over the long term.
Added
As a result, we have retained paying users over long periods of time. Recent Events On October 7, 2023, the State of Israel was attacked by Hamas, and the State of Israel subsequently declared war on Hamas.
Removed
This occurs when it is determined the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable based upon a comparison of aggregate undiscounted projected future cash flows to the carrying amount of the asset. Interest expense and other, net Our interest expense includes interest incurred under our December 2019 Credit Agreement and amortization of deferred financing costs.
Added
Since that time, Israel has been engaged in a multi-front armed conflict with combatants located in Gaza, the West Bank, Syria, Iran, Lebanon and Yemen. Following a period of intense conflict, a temporary ceasefire was reached between Israel and Hamas on January 17, 2025. A separate ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon was reached on November 27, 2024.
Removed
The Company has recently released certain changes to the game operations and mechanics in an effort to improve the performance of this title. Given the recent nature of the game updates, it is too early to determine if such changes will have a positive impact on the game.
Added
While this marked a step towards de-escalation, the situation in the region remains volatile and fragile.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

8 edited+2 added−1 removed9 unchanged
Dollar, primarily the Israeli Shekel (“ILS”), British Pound, Euro, Polish Zloty (“PLN”) and Romanian Leu (“RON”). Accordingly, changes in exchange rates in the future may negatively affect our future revenues and other operating results as expressed in U.S. Dollars. Our foreign currency risk is partially mitigated as our revenues recognized in currencies other than the U.S.
Dollar, primarily the Euro (“EUR”), Israeli Shekel (“ILS”), British Pound, Euro, Polish Zloty (“PLN”) and Romanian Leu (“RON”). Accordingly, changes in exchange rates in the future may negatively affect our future revenues and other operating results as expressed in U.S. Dollars. Our foreign currency risk is partially mitigated as our revenues recognized in currencies other than the U.S.
In June 2023 these two interest rate swap agreements were amended, so that effective July 31, 2023 we will pay a fixed interest rate of 0.85% in exchange for receiving one-month Term SOFR. In January 2023, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements, each with a notional value of $250 million.
In June 2023 these two interest rate swap agreements were amended so that effective July 31, 2023, we pay a fixed interest rate of 0.85% in exchange for receiving one-month Term SOFR. In January 2023, we entered into two additional interest rate swap agreements, each with a notional value of $250 million.
There were no borrowings against our Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.250% per annum and accordingly do not vary with prevailing interest rates.
There were no borrowings against our Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.250% per annum and accordingly do not vary with prevailing interest rates.
We had borrowings outstanding under our Term Loan with book values of $1,822.8 million and $1,831.2 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which were subject to a weighted average interest rate of 7.840% and 4.440% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
We had borrowings outstanding under our Term Loan with book values of $1,805.4 million and $1,822.8 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which were subject to a weighted average interest rate of 8.030% and 7.840% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, we had entered into derivative contracts to purchase certain foreign currencies, including ILS, RON and PLN, at future dates. The approximate amount of hedges was equal to $208.6 million, and all contracts are expected to mature during the upcoming 12 months. 83
As of December 31, 2024, we had entered into derivative contracts to purchase certain foreign currencies, including EUR, ILS, RON and PLN, at future dates. The approximate amount of hedges was equal to $194.5 million, and all contracts are expected to mature during the upcoming 12 months. 85
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in weighted average interest rates under our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility would have increased or decreased our interest expense by $8.5 million and $13.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, including consideration of the impact the hypothetical basis point change would have had on our interest rate swap agreements. 82 The fair value of our Credit Facilities will generally fluctuate with movements of interest rates, increasing in periods of declining rates of interest and declining in periods of increasing rates of interest.
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in weighted average interest rates under our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility would have increased or decreased our interest expense by $8.3 million and $8.5 million for the years ended 84 December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, including consideration of the impact the hypothetical basis point change would have had on our interest rate swap agreements.
Our investment policy and strategy primarily attempts to preserve capital and meet liquidity requirements without significantly increasing risk. Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of commercial papers, bank deposits and money market funds. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.
Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of commercial papers, bank deposits and money market funds. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Changes in rates would primarily impact interest income due to the relatively short-term nature of our investments. Foreign currency risk Our functional currency is the U.S.
We are unable to estimate the impact on the fair value of our debt of a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in weighted average interest rates Investment risk We had cash and cash equivalents including restricted cash totaling $1,031.7 million and $770.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Investment risk We had cash and cash equivalents including restricted cash totaling $567.7 million and $1,031.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our investment policy and strategy primarily attempts to preserve capital and meet liquidity requirements without significantly increasing risk.
Removed
Changes in rates would primarily impact interest income due to the relatively short-term nature of our investments. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, a hypothetical 100 bps increase in interest rates would not have a material impact on their fair value as of December 31, 2023. Foreign currency risk Our functional currency is the U.S.
Added
The fair value of our senior notes will generally fluctuate with movements of interest rates, increasing in periods of declining rates of interest and declining in periods of increasing rates of interest.
Added
A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have decreased the fair value of our senior notes by $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. A hypothetical 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would have increased the fair value of our senior notes by $20.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024.

Other PLTK 10-K year-over-year comparisons