Biggest changeYear Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2023 vs. 2022 2022 vs. 2021 Revenues $ 648,652 $ 631,507 $ 801,662 3 % (21) % Expenses Compensation and benefits 426,572 391,333 504,364 9 % (22) % Equity-based compensation 182,375 154,158 96,330 18 % 60 % Total compensation and benefits 608,947 545,491 600,694 12 % (9) % Non-compensation expenses 154,805 133,749 134,384 16 % — % Total operating expenses 763,752 679,240 735,078 12 % (8) % Operating income (loss) (115,100) (47,733) 66,584 (141) % NM Non-operating income (expenses) Related party income 932 2,805 7,516 (67) % (63) % Other income (expense) 1,624 7,978 761 (80) % NM Change in fair value of warrant liabilities — 15,806 (4,897) NM NM Loss on debt extinguishment — — (39,408) — % NM Interest expense (276) (276) (7,606) — % 96 % Total non-operating income (expenses) 2,280 26,313 (43,634) (91) % NM Income (loss) before income taxes (112,820) (21,420) 22,950 (427) % NM Income tax expense (benefit) (980) 10,327 18,927 NM (45) % Net income (loss) $ (111,840) $ (31,747) $ 4,023 (252) % NM Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (94,617) (49,625) 13,444 (91) % NM Net income (loss) attributable to Perella Weinberg Partners $ (17,223) $ 17,878 $ (9,421) NM NM NM = Not meaningful 33 Revenues The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 2023 vs. 2022 2022 vs. 2021 Total Advisory Clients 202 200 232 2 (32) Total Clients with Fees Greater than $1.0 million 123 127 142 (4) (15) Revenues were $648.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared with $631.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing an increase of 3%.
Biggest changeYear Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024 vs. 2023 2023 vs. 2022 Revenues $ 878,039 $ 648,652 $ 631,507 35 % 3 % Expenses Compensation and benefits 525,941 426,572 391,333 23 % 9 % Equity-based compensation 258,296 182,375 154,158 42 % 18 % Total compensation and benefits 784,237 608,947 545,491 29 % 12 % Non-compensation expenses 172,334 154,805 133,749 11 % 16 % Total operating expenses 956,571 763,752 679,240 25 % 12 % Operating income (loss) (78,532) (115,100) (47,733) 32 % (141) % Non-operating income (expenses) Related party income — 932 2,805 (100) % (67) % Other income (expense) 10,277 1,348 7,702 662 % (82) % Change in fair value of warrant liabilities — — 15,806 — % (100) % Total non-operating income (expenses) 10,277 2,280 26,313 351 % (91) % Income (loss) before income taxes (68,255) (112,820) (21,420) 40 % (427) % Income tax expense (benefit) 21,089 (980) 10,327 NM NM Net income (loss) $ (89,344) $ (111,840) $ (31,747) 20 % (252) % Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (24,616) (94,617) (49,625) 74 % (91) % Net income (loss) attributable to Perella Weinberg Partners $ (64,728) $ (17,223) $ 17,878 (276) % NM NM = Not meaningful 32 Revenues The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 2024 vs. 2023 2023 vs. 2022 Total Advisory Clients 221 202 200 19 2 Total Clients with Fees Greater than $1.0 million 141 123 127 18 (4) Revenues were $878.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared with $648.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 35%.
Executive Overview We are a leading global independent advisory firm that provides strategic and financial advice to clients across the most active industry sectors and international markets. Our wide range of global clients include large public multinational corporations, mid-sized public and private companies, individual entrepreneurs, private and institutional investors, creditor committees and government institutions.
Executive Overview We are a leading global independent advisory firm that provides strategic and financial advice to clients across some of the most active industry sectors and international markets. Our wide range of global clients include large public multinational corporations, mid-sized public and private companies, individual entrepreneurs, private and institutional investors, creditor committees and government institutions.
Investing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $5.8 million largely attributable to the purchase of leasehold improvement fixed assets associated with the renovation of the New York office space and relocation of the London office space, partially offset by a net cash inflow from investments in U.S. Treasury securities.
Investing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $5.8 million largely attributable to the purchase of investments in U.S. Treasury securities and the purchase of leasehold improvement fixed assets associated with the renovation of the New York office space and relocation of the London office space, partially offset by a cash inflow from the maturation of investments in U.S.
We generally pay a significant portion of our annual cash incentive compensation during the first quarter of each calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. Therefore, levels of cash and/or investments in short-term marketable debt securities generally decline during the first quarter and build over the remainder of the year.
We generally pay a significant portion of our annual cash incentive compensation during the first quarter of each calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. Therefore, levels of cash and cash equivalents and/or investments in short-term marketable debt securities generally decline during the first quarter and build over the remainder of the year.
Refer to Note 7—Regulatory Requirements in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information. These regulations differ in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France and other countries in which we operate a registered broker-dealer or regionally similar construct.
Refer to Note 6—Regulatory Requirements in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information. These regulations differ in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France and other countries in which we operate a registered broker-dealer or regionally similar construct.
The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to determine the grant date fair value which required significant judgment for various inputs including the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the volatility factor. Refer to Note 12—Equity-Based Compensation in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
The Company utilized a Monte-Carlo simulation valuation model to determine the grant date fair value which required significant judgment for various inputs including the risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and the volatility factor. Refer to Note 11—Equity-Based Compensation in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Credit Risk We regularly review our accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable, and the current economic conditions that may affect a client’s ability to pay such amounts owed to the Company.
Credit Risk We regularly review our accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable, and the current economic conditions that may affect a client’s ability to pay such amounts owed to us.
Consequently, tracking the type of advisory service offered in each instance is not practical. 31 Operating Expenses Our operating expenses are classified as (i) total compensation and benefits expenses including equity-based compensation and (ii) non-compensation expenses.
Consequently, tracking the type of advisory service offered in each instance is not practical. 30 Operating Expenses Our operating expenses are classified as (i) total compensation and benefits expenses including equity-based compensation, and (ii) non-compensation expenses.
Non-Operating Income (Expenses) Non-operating income (expenses) includes the impact of income and expense items that we consider to be non-operational in nature, which typically includes related party income, interest income and expense, and other non-operating gains (losses), including the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Non-Operating Income (Expenses) Non-operating income (expenses) includes the impact of income and expense items that we consider to be non-operational in nature, which typically includes interest income and expense and other non-operating gains (losses), including the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2022 versus 2021, refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2023 versus 2022, refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash balances, investments in short-term marketable debt securities, the net cash generated from operations, and the available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility.
Our primary sources of liquidity are generally our cash and cash equivalent balances, investments in short-term marketable debt securities, the net cash generated from operations, and the available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility.
Exchange Rate Risk The Company is exposed to exchange rate risk as a result of having foreign subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies as well as from entering into transactions and holding monetary assets and liabilities that are not denominated in the functional currency of its operating subsidiaries.
Exchange Rate Risk We are exposed to exchange rate risk as a result of having foreign subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies as well as from entering into transactions and holding monetary assets and liabilities that are not denominated in the functional currency of its operating subsidiaries.
We regularly assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. We believe that we will ultimately recover the deferred tax assets recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Income Taxes We regularly assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. We believe that we will ultimately recover the deferred tax assets recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
We believe that these critical accounting estimates represent those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgment. Due to their subjectivity, actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported.
We believe that these critical accounting estimates represent those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgment. Due to their subjectivity, actual results could differ from those estimates.
Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period for which they are determined to be necessary. Revenue Recognition The services provided under contracts with clients include transaction-related advisory services, fairness opinion services, research, and underwriting services.
Estimates and the assumptions underlying these estimates are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. Revenue Recognition The services provided under contracts with clients include transaction-related advisory services, fairness opinion services, research, and underwriting services.
Financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $67.0 million primarily due to the repurchase of shares pursuant to the stock repurchase program, distributions to partners, withholding tax payments for vested PWP Incentive Plan Awards, and dividend payments.
Treasury securities. Financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $67.0 million primarily related to withholding tax payments for vested PWP Incentive Plan Awards, the repurchase of shares pursuant to the stock repurchase program, dividend payments, and distributions to partners.
Our core advisory services benefit from macroeconomic changes that impact our client base and lead them to consider business combinations, acquisitions and divestitures, capital raises and restructurings. We continue to invest in our platform to achieve scale, accelerate growth, and deliver value in anticipation of a rebound in activity levels. See “ Part I — Item 1A.
Our core advisory services benefit from macroeconomic changes that impact our client base and lead them to consider business combinations, acquisitions and divestitures, capital raises and restructurings. We continue to invest in our platform to achieve scale, accelerate growth, and deliver value. See “ Part I — Item 1A.
Refer to Note 9—Income Taxes in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. 39 Equity Compensation A portion of the PWP Incentive Plan Awards granted to certain employees and non-employees vest upon the occurrence of both service and market conditions being achieved.
Refer to Note 8—Income Taxes in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. 38 Equity Compensation A portion of the PWP Incentive Plan Awards granted to certain employees vest upon the occurrence of both service and market conditions being achieved.
See Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information. Regulatory Capital We actively monitor our regulatory capital base. Our principal subsidiaries are subject to regulatory requirements in their respective jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity.
See Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity and Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in the Form 10-K for further information. Regulatory Capital We actively monitor our regulatory capital base. Our principal subsidiaries are subject to regulatory requirements in their respective jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity.
Tax Receivable Agreement As of December 31, 2023, we had an amount due of $30.9 million pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed in connection with the tax receivable agreement for the Business Combination and subsequent exchanges made to date.
Tax Receivable Agreement As of December 31, 2024, we had an amount due of $65.5 million pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed in connection with the tax receivable agreement for the Business Combination and subsequent exchanges made to date.
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, operating expenses (including cash compensation for our employees), repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, withholding tax payments for vested PWP Incentive Plan Awards, income taxes, dividends and distributions, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, commitments, and strategic investments.
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, operating expenses (including cash compensation for our employees), repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, withholding tax payments for vested incentive compensation awards, including restricted stock units and performance stock units (the “PWP Incentive Plan Awards”), cash-settled exchanges of PWP OpCo Units, income taxes, dividends and distributions, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, commitments, and strategic investments.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net impact of non-functional currency-related transaction gains and losses recorded in Other income (expense) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations was a $3.3 million loss and a $6.8 million gain, respectively, primarily related to U.S. dollar-denominated cash and intercompany receivables held by our foreign subsidiaries as the U.S. dollar weakened and strengthened, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net impact of non-functional currency-related transaction gains and losses recorded in Other income (expense) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations was a $1.3 million gain and a $3.3 million loss, respectively, primarily related to U.S. dollar-denominated cash and intercompany receivables held by our foreign subsidiaries as the strength of the U.S. dollar fluctuated.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 Operating activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $17.8 million primarily attributable to cash collected from clients, net of cash operating expense outflows, including discretionary bonuses paid during the first quarter of 2022 with respect to prior year compensation expense.
Year Ended December 31, 2023 Operating activities resulted in a net cash inflow of $145.9 million primarily attributable to cash collected from clients, net of cash operating expense outflows, including discretionary bonuses paid during the first quarter of 2023 with respect to prior year compensation expense.
For further information regarding our business, refer to “Part I. Item 1. Business” and “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing. Business Environment Economic and global financial market conditions impact our financial performance. The market environment for advisory services has begun to inflect, which has recently driven dialogue and activity levels across the traditional M&A markets.
For further information regarding our business, refer to “Part I. Item 1. Business” and “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing. Business Environment Economic and global financial market conditions impact our financial performance. The market environment for advisory services is improving, driving increased dialogue and activity levels across the traditional M&A markets.
Our current assets are primarily composed of cash, investments in short-term marketable debt securities, receivables related to fees earned from providing advisory services, certain prepaid expenses and certain amounts due from related parties. Our current liabilities are primarily composed of accrued employee compensation, accounts payable and other accrued expenses. Cash includes cash held at banks, including interest-bearing money market accounts.
Our current assets are primarily composed of cash and cash equivalents, investments in short-term marketable debt securities, receivables related to fees earned from providing advisory services, certain prepaid expenses and certain amounts due from related parties. Our current liabilities are primarily composed of accrued employee compensation, accounts payable and other accrued expenses.
Based on current market conditions, we believe that our cash on hand, investments in short-term marketable debt securities, net cash generated from operations and the available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our operating needs and commitments for the next twelve months; however, if these sources of liquidity are not sufficient, we may seek additional debt or equity financing. 35 Cash Flows A summary of our operating, investing and financing cash flows is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Cash Provided By (Used In) Operating Activities Net income (loss) $ (111,840) $ (31,747) $ 4,023 Non-cash charges and other operating activity adjustments 213,224 162,414 171,886 Other operating activities 44,499 (148,440) 58,999 Total operating activities 145,883 (17,773) 234,908 Investing Activities (5,818) (166,231) (2,440) Financing Activities (67,018) (136,768) (55,021) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 2,889 (9,837) (3,580) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 75,936 (330,609) 173,867 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 174,166 504,775 330,908 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 250,102 $ 174,166 $ 504,775 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Operating activities resulted in a net cash inflow of $145.9 million primarily attributable to cash collected from clients, net of cash operating expense outflows, including discretionary bonuses paid during the first quarter of 2023 with respect to prior year compensation expense.
Based on current market conditions, we believe that our cash on hand, cash equivalents, investments in short-term marketable debt securities, net cash generated from operations, and the available borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our operating needs and commitments for the next twelve months; however, if these sources of liquidity are not sufficient, we may seek additional debt or equity financing. 34 Cash Flows A summary of our operating, investing and financing cash flows is as follows: Year Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Cash Provided By (Used In) Operating Activities Net income (loss) $ (89,344) $ (111,840) $ (31,747) Non-cash charges and other operating activity adjustments 224,073 213,224 162,414 Other operating activities 88,630 44,499 (148,440) Total operating activities 223,359 145,883 (17,773) Investing Activities (98) (5,818) (166,231) Financing Activities (137,252) (67,018) (136,768) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (3,340) 2,889 (9,837) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 82,669 75,936 (330,609) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 250,102 174,166 504,775 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 332,771 $ 250,102 $ 174,166 Year Ended December 31, 2024 Operating activities resulted in a net cash inflow of $223.4 million primarily attributable to cash collections from clients, net of cash operating expense outflows, including the settlement of liability-classified Professional Partners Awards during the second quarter and discretionary bonuses paid during the first quarter of 2024 with respect to prior year compensation expense.
As of December 31, 2023, we held cash balances of $42.0 million of non-U.S. dollar currencies, composed of pound sterling, the Euro, and Canadian dollars. 38 Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S.
As of December 31, 2024, we held cash balances of $37.7 million in non-U.S. dollar currencies, composed of pound sterling, euros, and Canadian dollars. 37 Critical Accounting Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net impact of the fluctuation of foreign currencies recorded in Foreign currency translation gain (loss) within our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) was a $4.1 million gain and a $9.7 million loss respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net impact from the fluctuation of foreign currencies recorded in Foreign currency translation gain (loss) on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) was a $2.5 million loss and a $4.1 million gain, respectively.
GAAP requires management to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The following are our critical accounting estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The following are our critical accounting estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) The Company’s income tax benefit and effective tax rate were $1.0 million and 0.9%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to income tax expense and an effective tax rate of $10.3 million and (48.2)%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) The Company’s income tax expense and effective tax rate were $21.1 million and (30.9)%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an income tax benefit and an effective tax rate of $1.0 million and 0.9%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Accordingly, a large portion of the fees associated with these services is constrained until substantially all services have been provided, specified conditions have been met and/or certain milestones have been achieved, and it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in a future period.
Accordingly, a large portion of the fees associated with these services is constrained until substantially all services have been provided, specified conditions have been met and/or certain milestones have been achieved, and it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in a future period, the determination of which may require significant judgment, especially when assessed near the end of a reporting period, and/or involve material amounts.
With respect to investments, we manage our credit risk exposure by holding investments primarily with investment grade credit quality. As of December 31, 2023, the Company held investments of $91.2 million in U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of less than 12 months.
When we invest our excess cash, we manage our credit risk exposure by holding investments primarily with investment grade credit quality. As of December 31, 2024, the Company held investments of $96.0 million in U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of less than 12 months.
See Note 16—Related Party Transactions in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information as well as the expected timing of payments. Leases and Capital Expenditures We have various non-cancelable operating leases in connection with the leases of our office spaces and equipment.
See Note 15—Related Party Transactions in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information as well as the expected timing of payments. Leases We have various non-cancelable operating leases for our office space and certain equipment. As of December 31, 2024, we had $187.3 million of operating lease liabilities.
These increases were partially offset by lower recruiting and consulting fees and reduced D&O insurance costs. Non-Operating Income (Expenses) For the year ended December 31, 2023, non-operating income was $2.3 million compared with non-operating income of $26.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
These increases were partially offset by reduced rent and occupancy costs. Non-Operating Income (Expenses) For the year ended December 31, 2024, non-operating income was $10.3 million compared with non-operating income of $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Compensation and Benefits Expenses Our compensation and benefits expenses consist of base salary, benefits, severance, payroll taxes, annual incentive compensation payable as cash bonus awards, deferred compensation awards, and the amortization of equity-based compensation awards that are subject to a service vesting condition, and in some cases, a market-based performance vesting condition.
Compensation and Benefits Expenses Our compensation and benefits expenses consist of salaries, bonuses (discretionary awards and guaranteed amounts), severance, payroll and related taxes, benefits, and the amortization of equity-based compensation awards that are subject to a service-based vesting condition, and in some cases, a market-based performance vesting condition.
The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the relative size of our permanent differences in relation to the pre-tax loss in the respective periods, as well as the recognition of a previously unrecognized tax benefit at one of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries during the year ended December 31, 2023. 34 Liquidity and Capital Resources General We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, working capital assets and liabilities, commitments and other liquidity requirements.
The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the relative size of our permanent differences in relation to the pre-tax loss in the respective periods, the Vesting Acceleration, and the recognition of tax benefits associated with the appreciation in our share price upon vesting of RSUs above the original grant price during the year ended December 31, 2024. 33 Liquidity and Capital Resources General We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, working capital assets and liabilities, commitments and other liquidity requirements.
Profits and losses of PWP OpCo are allocated to the non-controlling interests in proportion to their ownership interest regardless of their basis, with the exception of the amortization expense for certain equity-based awards granted by Professional Partners, which is allocated fully to non-controlling interests as these awards have no economic impact on, and do not dilute, PWP shareholders relative to Professional Partners. 32 Results of Operations The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Profits and losses of PWP OpCo are allocated to the non-controlling interests in proportion to their ownership interest regardless of their basis, with an exception for certain equity-based compensation expense which was fully attributed to non-controlling interests prior to the Merger. 31 Results of Operations The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, $108.8 million remains of the combined $200.0 million share repurchase authorization. 36 Exchange Rights In accordance with the PWP OpCo LPA, holders of PWP OpCo Units (other than the Company) may exchange these units for (i) shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis or (ii) cash from an offering of shares of Class A common stock with the form of consideration determined by the Company.
Exchange Rights In accordance with the limited partnership agreement of PWP OpCo, holders of PWP OpCo Units (other than the Company) may exchange these units for (i) shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis or (ii) cash from an offering of shares of Class A common stock and (iii) subsequent to the Merger, cash from any other source.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cash balances of $247.2 million and $171.6 million, respectively, and investments in short-term marketable debt securities, consisting entirely of U.S. Treasury securities, of $91.2 million and $140.1 million, respectively. Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which generally require the successful completion of transactions.
Treasury securities of $75.8 million and $91.2 million, respectively, which are classified as Investments in short-term marketable debt securities within the consolidated financial statements. Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which generally require the successful completion of transactions. Accounts receivable typically have net terms of 30 days.
The Company has a Revolving Credit Facility with Cadence Bank with an available line of credit of $50.0 million. Additionally, up to $20.0 million of incremental revolving commitments above the $50.0 million commitment amount may be incurred under the Credit Agreement.
Additionally, up to $20.0 million of incremental revolving commitments above the $50.0 million commitment amount may be incurred under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had no outstanding balance related to the Revolving Credit Facility and no incremental revolving commitments were incurred.
In the prior year period, non-operating income primarily included a gain from the change in fair value of warrant liabilities and a net gain from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. For both periods, foreign exchange rate fluctuations largely related to U.S. dollar-denominated cash and intercompany receivables held by our foreign subsidiaries.
For both periods, foreign exchange rate fluctuations largely related to U.S. dollar-denominated cash and intercompany balances held by our foreign subsidiaries, including the settlement of such balances. The year ended December 31, 2023 also included a non-operating loss on investment that did not recur in the current year.
For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2021, refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cash Flows” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2022, refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Cash Flows” in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. 35 Share Repurchase Program Our board of directors approved a stock repurchase program under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $200.0 million of our Class A common stock with no requirement to purchase any minimum number of shares.
Financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $136.8 million primarily related to the repurchase of shares pursuant to the stock repurchase program, distributions to partners, withholding tax payments for vested of PWP Incentive Plan Awards, and dividend payments.
Financing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $137.3 million primarily due to withholding tax payments for vested PWP Incentive Plan Awards and equity-classified Professional Partners Awards, the cash settlement of exchanges of PWP OpCo Units, share repurchases, dividend payments, and distributions to partners, all of which was partially offset by the issuance of 5,750,000 shares of Class A common stock for net proceeds of $66.0 million.
The increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily the result of higher travel and related expenses due to increases in both volume of travel and headcount, increased legal spend, elevated technology and infrastructure expenses related to certain investments, and higher rent and depreciation expenses due to overlapping rent and new assets being placed in service related to the renovation of the New York office space and relocation of the London office space.
The increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily the result of an increase in professional fees, including consulting fees tied to revenue contribution, bad debt write-offs, and higher depreciation expense due to new assets being placed in service subsequent to the second quarter of 2023 related to the renovation of the New York office space and relocation of the London office space.
In the current year, non-operating income included interest income, which substantially increased from the prior year due to higher interest rates and additional investments in U.S. Treasury securities.
In the current period, non-operating income primarily included interest income, which increased from the prior year due to higher interest rates and larger interest-bearing cash balances, and a net gain from foreign exchange rate fluctuations, compared to a net loss in the prior year.
Compensation and Benefits Expenses For the year ended December 31, 2023, total compensation and benefits expenses were $608.9 million, an increase of 12% compared with $545.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The increase was attributable to increased mergers and acquisition and financing and capital solutions activity, driven by larger transactions in size and number across the business. Compensation and Benefits Expenses For the year ended December 31, 2024, total compensation and benefits expenses were $784.2 million, an increase of 29% compared with $608.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Non-Compensation Expenses For the year ended December 31, 2023, total non-compensation expenses were $154.8 million, an increase of 16% compared with $133.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The increase in total compensation and benefits was partially offset by higher costs incurred in the prior year related to headcount reductions associated with a business realignment. Non-Compensation Expenses For the year ended December 31, 2024, total non-compensation expenses were $172.3 million, an increase of 11% compared with $154.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $175.9 million of operating lease liabilities. See Note 5—Leases in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information as well as the expected timing of payments. During the current year, the Company completed construction of new office space in New York and London.
See Note 4—Leases in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for further information as well as the expected timing of payments. 36 Market Risk and Credit Risk Our business is not capital-intensive and we do not invest in derivative instruments.
Accounts receivable typically have net terms of 30 days. Accounts receivable were $47.8 million, net of a $2.2 million allowance for credit losses balance as of December 31, 2023. Accounts receivable were $67.9 million, net of a $1.1 million allowance for credit losses balance as of December 31, 2022.
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, were $73.3 million and $47.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We have a Revolving Credit Facility with Cadence Bank with an available line of credit of $50.0 million.
Non-operating income (expenses) also included the change in fair value of warrant liabilities prior to the completion of the exchange offer and solicitation relating to the Company’s then-outstanding warrants on August 23, 2022. Non-Controlling Interests Non-controlling interests represent the ownership interests in PWP OpCo held by holders other than Perella Weinberg Partners, which are Professional Partners and the ILPs.
Non-Controlling Interests Non-controlling interests represent the ownership interests in PWP OpCo held by holders other than Perella Weinberg Partners, which are current and former working partners.
Investing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $166.2 million largely attributable to the investment of excess cash in U.S. Treasury securities as well as the purchase of leasehold improvement fixed assets associated with the renovation of the New York office space and relocation of the London office space.
Investing activities resulted in a net cash outflow of $0.1 million attributable to the purchase of investments in U.S. Treasury securities and payments for additional investments and capital expenditures related to office space renovations, which was almost fully offset by a cash inflow from the maturation of investments in U.S. Treasury securities.
The increase in total compensation and benefits expenses was a result of a higher compensation margin on a higher revenue base, additional equity-based compensation expense from awards granted during the first quarter of 2023, and $37.3 million of business realignment costs associated with headcount reductions in the current year (the “Business Realignment”).
The increase in total compensation and benefits expenses was primarily the result of a higher bonus accrual in the current year period due to a higher revenue base, despite a lower compensation margin.