Biggest changeOther interest expense increased $4.9 million, or 70.8%, while the rate on other borrowings increased 86 basis points to 3.11%, when 2022 is compared to 2021, principally due to an increase in the amount of short-term FHLB advances obtained from the FHLB of Dallas. 39 The following table provides the tax equivalent basis yield or rate for each component of the tax equivalent net interest margin for the periods presented ($ in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Average Yield/ Average Yield/ Average Yield/ Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Assets Interest-earning assets: Federal funds sold and securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements $ 1,753 $ 74 4.22 % $ 79 $ — — $ 221 $ 1 0.45 % Securities available for sale: Taxable 2,932,054 38,799 1.32 % 2,573,533 30,453 1.18 % 1,776,555 35,375 1.99 % Nontaxable 4,997 195 3.90 % 5,166 199 3.85 % 10,737 384 3.58 % Securities held to maturity: Taxable 911,010 20,918 2.30 % 423,763 8,245 1.95 % 626,983 12,875 2.05 % Nontaxable 5,623 227 4.04 % 12,765 495 3.88 % 25,366 982 3.87 % PPP loans 14,868 639 4.30 % 350,668 36,726 10.47 % 646,680 26,643 4.12 % Loans (LHFS and LHFI) 11,236,388 485,246 4.32 % 10,377,941 375,330 3.62 % 9,996,192 402,539 4.03 % Other earning assets 907,414 8,080 0.89 % 1,825,134 2,767 0.15 % 657,096 1,559 0.24 % Total interest-earning assets 16,014,107 554,178 3.46 % 15,569,049 454,215 2.92 % 13,739,830 480,358 3.50 % Other assets 1,567,921 1,599,114 1,592,393 Allowance for loan losses (104,138 ) (110,170 ) (108,567 ) Total Assets $ 17,477,890 $ 17,057,993 $ 15,223,656 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Interest-bearing liabilities: Interest-bearing demand deposits $ 4,585,955 16,409 0.36 % $ 4,096,746 4,906 0.12 % $ 3,584,249 9,985 0.28 % Savings deposits 4,579,742 9,654 0.21 % 4,622,167 7,912 0.17 % 4,149,860 13,481 0.32 % Time deposits 1,153,983 3,006 0.26 % 1,287,663 4,127 0.32 % 1,534,673 14,021 0.91 % Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements 283,328 6,127 2.16 % 172,782 232 0.13 % 151,805 755 0.50 % Other borrowings 198,672 4,963 2.50 % 125,554 1,037 0.83 % 133,602 1,389 1.04 % Subordinated notes 123,144 4,751 3.86 % 122,933 4,752 3.87 % 10,766 474 4.40 % Junior subordinated debt securities 61,856 2,215 3.58 % 61,856 1,194 1.93 % 61,856 1,693 2.74 % Total interest-bearing liabilities 10,986,680 47,125 0.43 % 10,489,701 24,160 0.23 % 9,626,811 41,798 0.43 % Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 4,452,046 4,531,642 3,646,860 Other liabilities 434,310 266,499 268,398 Shareholders' equity 1,604,854 1,770,151 1,681,587 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $ 17,477,890 $ 17,057,993 $ 15,223,656 Net Interest Margin 507,053 3.17 % 430,055 2.76 % 438,560 3.19 % Less tax equivalent adjustments: Investments 89 146 287 Loans 12,256 11,558 11,736 Net Interest Margin per Consolidated Statements of Income $ 494,708 $ 418,351 $ 426,537 40 The table below shows the change from year to year for each component of the tax equivalent net interest margin in the amount generated by volume changes and the amount generated by changes in the yield or rate (tax equivalent basis) for the periods presented ($ in thousands): 2022 Compared to 2021 2021 Compared to 2020 Increase (Decrease) Due To: Increase (Decrease) Due To: Yield/ Yield/ Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net Interest earned on: Federal funds sold and securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements $ — $ 74 $ 74 $ (1 ) $ — $ (1 ) Securities available for sale: Taxable 4,508 3,838 8,346 12,509 (17,431 ) (4,922 ) Nontaxable (7 ) 3 (4 ) (212 ) 27 (185 ) Securities held to maturity: Taxable 10,962 1,711 12,673 (4,024 ) (606 ) (4,630 ) Nontaxable (287 ) 19 (268 ) (490 ) 3 (487 ) PPP loans (22,339 ) (13,748 ) (36,087 ) (16,498 ) 26,581 10,083 Loans, net of unearned income (LHFS and LHFI) 32,932 76,984 109,916 14,945 (42,154 ) (27,209 ) Other earning assets (2,008 ) 7,321 5,313 1,974 (766 ) 1,208 Total interest-earning assets 23,761 76,202 99,963 8,203 (34,346 ) (26,143 ) Interest paid on: Interest-bearing demand deposits 648 10,855 11,503 1,279 (6,358 ) (5,079 ) Savings deposits (73 ) 1,815 1,742 1,344 (6,913 ) (5,569 ) Time deposits (399 ) (722 ) (1,121 ) (1,968 ) (7,926 ) (9,894 ) Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements 233 5,662 5,895 95 (618 ) (523 ) Other borrowings 881 3,045 3,926 (81 ) (271 ) (352 ) Subordinated notes 9 (10 ) (1 ) 4,342 (64 ) 4,278 Junior subordinated debt securities — 1,021 1,021 — (499 ) (499 ) Total interest-bearing liabilities 1,299 21,666 22,965 5,011 (22,649 ) (17,638 ) Change in net interest income on a tax equivalent basis $ 22,462 $ 54,536 $ 76,998 $ 3,192 $ (11,697 ) $ (8,505 ) The change in interest due to both volume and yield or rate has been allocated to change due to volume and change due to yield or rate in proportion to the absolute value of the change in each.
Biggest changeThe following table provides the tax equivalent basis yield or rate for each component of the tax equivalent net interest margin for the periods presented ($ in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Average Yield/ Average Yield/ Average Yield/ Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Assets Interest-earning assets: Federal funds sold and securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements $ 1,492 $ 80 5.36 % $ 1,753 $ 74 4.22 % $ 79 $ — — Securities available for sale: Taxable 2,090,201 35,359 1.69 % 2,932,054 38,799 1.32 % 2,573,533 30,453 1.18 % Nontaxable 4,657 182 3.91 % 4,997 195 3.90 % 5,166 199 3.85 % Securities held to maturity: Taxable 1,454,450 30,741 2.11 % 911,010 20,918 2.30 % 423,763 8,245 1.95 % Nontaxable 1,854 81 4.37 % 5,623 227 4.04 % 12,765 495 3.88 % PPP loans — — — 14,868 639 4.30 % 350,668 36,726 10.47 % Loans (LHFS and LHFI) 12,801,531 788,719 6.16 % 11,236,388 485,246 4.32 % 10,377,941 375,330 3.62 % Other earning assets 728,181 37,135 5.10 % 907,414 8,080 0.89 % 1,825,134 2,767 0.15 % Total interest-earning assets 17,082,366 892,297 5.22 % 16,014,107 554,178 3.46 % 15,569,049 454,215 2.92 % Other assets 1,718,058 1,567,921 1,599,114 Allowance for credit losses (125,942 ) (104,138 ) (110,170 ) Total Assets $ 18,674,482 $ 17,477,890 $ 17,057,993 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Interest-bearing liabilities: Interest-bearing demand deposits $ 4,871,977 121,138 2.49 % $ 4,585,955 16,409 0.36 % $ 4,096,746 4,906 0.12 % Savings deposits 3,838,791 28,605 0.75 % 4,579,742 9,654 0.21 % 4,622,167 7,912 0.17 % Time deposits 2,691,682 96,208 3.57 % 1,153,983 3,006 0.26 % 1,287,663 4,127 0.32 % Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements 410,945 20,419 4.97 % 283,328 6,127 2.16 % 172,782 232 0.13 % Other borrowings 984,315 50,441 5.12 % 198,672 4,963 2.50 % 125,554 1,037 0.83 % Subordinated notes 123,364 4,751 3.85 % 123,144 4,751 3.86 % 122,933 4,752 3.87 % Junior subordinated debt securities 61,856 4,392 7.10 % 61,856 2,215 3.58 % 61,856 1,194 1.93 % Total interest-bearing liabilities 12,982,930 325,954 2.51 % 10,986,680 47,125 0.43 % 10,489,701 24,160 0.23 % Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 3,532,134 4,452,046 4,531,642 Other liabilities 589,320 434,310 266,499 Shareholders' equity 1,570,098 1,604,854 1,770,151 Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity $ 18,674,482 $ 17,477,890 $ 17,057,993 Net Interest Margin 566,343 3.32 % 507,053 3.17 % 430,055 2.76 % Less tax equivalent adjustments: Investments 55 89 146 Loans 13,410 12,256 11,558 Net Interest Margin per Consolidated Statements of Income $ 552,878 $ 494,708 $ 418,351 42 The table below shows the change from year to year for each component of the tax equivalent net interest margin in the amount generated by volume changes and the amount generated by changes in the yield or rate (tax equivalent basis) for the periods presented ($ in thousands): 2023 Compared to 2022 2022 Compared to 2021 Increase (Decrease) Due To: Increase (Decrease) Due To: Yield/ Yield/ Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net Interest earned on: Federal funds sold and securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements $ (12 ) $ 18 $ 6 $ — $ 74 $ 74 Securities available for sale: Taxable (12,720 ) 9,280 (3,440 ) 4,508 3,838 8,346 Nontaxable (13 ) — (13 ) (7 ) 3 (4 ) Securities held to maturity: Taxable 11,669 (1,846 ) 9,823 10,962 1,711 12,673 Nontaxable (164 ) 18 (146 ) (287 ) 19 (268 ) PPP loans (319 ) (320 ) (639 ) (22,339 ) (13,748 ) (36,087 ) Loans, net of unearned income (LHFS and LHFI) 74,788 228,685 303,473 32,932 76,984 109,916 Other earning assets (1,898 ) 30,953 29,055 (2,008 ) 7,321 5,313 Total interest-earning assets 71,331 266,788 338,119 23,761 76,202 99,963 Interest paid on: Interest-bearing demand deposits 1,093 103,636 104,729 648 10,855 11,503 Savings deposits (1,806 ) 20,757 18,951 (73 ) 1,815 1,742 Time deposits 8,831 84,371 93,202 (399 ) (722 ) (1,121 ) Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements 3,676 10,616 14,292 233 5,662 5,895 Other borrowings 35,951 9,527 45,478 881 3,045 3,926 Subordinated notes 10 (10 ) — 9 (10 ) (1 ) Junior subordinated debt securities — 2,177 2,177 — 1,021 1,021 Total interest-bearing liabilities 47,755 231,074 278,829 1,299 21,666 22,965 Change in net interest income on a tax equivalent basis $ 23,576 $ 35,714 $ 59,290 $ 22,462 $ 54,536 $ 76,998 The change in interest due to both volume and yield or rate has been allocated to change due to volume and change due to yield or rate in proportion to the absolute value of the change in each.