Biggest changeThe following table sets forth selected statement of operations data, and their corresponding percentage of net sales, for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Statement of Operations Net sales $ 1,658,713 100 % $ 1,595,222 100 % Cost of goods sold (1) 715,527 43 % 831,821 52 % Gross profit 943,186 57 % 763,401 48 % Selling, general, and administrative expenses 717,728 43 % 637,040 40 % Operating income 225,458 14 % 126,361 8 % Interest expense (942) — % (4,466) — % Other income (expense), net 1,430 — % (5,718) — % Income before income taxes 225,946 14 % 116,177 7 % Income tax expense (56,061) 3 % (26,484) 2 % Net income $ 169,885 10 % $ 89,693 6 % ______________________________ (1) Includes $6.4 million of inbound freight expense related to an out-of-period adjustment for year ended December 31, 2022.
Biggest changeThe following table sets forth selected statement of operations data, and their corresponding percentage of net sales, for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023 Statement of Operations Net sales $ 1,829,873 100 % $ 1,658,713 100 % Cost of goods sold 766,589 42 % 715,527 43 % Gross profit 1,063,284 58 % 943,186 57 % Selling, general, and administrative expenses 817,908 45 % 717,728 43 % Operating income 245,376 13 % 225,458 14 % Interest income (expense) 660 — % (942) — % Other (expense) income, net (13,188) 1 % 1,430 — % Income before income taxes 232,848 13 % 225,946 14 % Income tax expense (57,159) 3 % (56,061) 3 % Net income $ 175,689 10 % $ 169,885 10 % Year Ended December 28, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 30, 2023 Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023 Change (dollars in thousands) $ % Net sales $ 1,829,873 $ 1,658,713 $ 171,160 10 % Gross profit 1,063,284 943,186 120,098 13 % Gross margin (gross profit as a % of net sales) 58.1 % 56.9 % 120 basis points Selling, general, and administrative expenses $ 817,908 $ 717,728 $ 100,180 14 % SG&A as a % of net sales 44.7 % 43.3 % 140 basis points Net Sales Net sales increased $171.2 million, or 10%, to $1,829.9 million in 2024 from $1,658.7 million in 2023.
We will reevaluate these assumptions each period, and the related reserves may be adjusted when factors indicate that the reserve is either not sufficient to cover or exceeds the estimated product recall expenses. The ultimate impact from the approved voluntary recalls could differ materially from these estimates.
We reevaluate these assumptions each period, and the related reserves may be adjusted when factors indicate that the reserve is either not sufficient to cover or exceeds the estimated product recall expenses. The ultimate impact from the approved voluntary recalls could differ materially from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition Revenue transactions associated with the sale of YETI branded coolers, equipment, drinkware, apparel and accessories comprise a single performance obligation, which consists of the sale of products to customers either through our wholesale or DTC channels.
Revenue Recognition Revenue transactions associated with the sale of YETI coolers, equipment, drinkware, apparel and accessories comprise a single performance obligation, which consists of the sale of products to customers either through our wholesale or DTC channels.
Product Recall Reserves As described in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in January 2023, we notified the CPSC of a potential safety concern regarding the magnet-lined closures of our Hopper M30 Soft Cooler, Hopper M20 Soft Backpack Cooler, and SideKick Dry gear case (the “affected products”) and initiated a global stop sale of the affected products.
Product Recall Reserves As described in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in January 2023, we notified the CPSC of a potential safety concern regarding the magnet-lined closures of our Hopper M30 Soft Cooler, Hopper M20 Soft Backpack Cooler, and SideKick Dry gear case (the “affected products”) and initiated a global stop sale of the affected products.
Gross profit reflects net sales less cost of goods sold, which primarily includes the purchase cost of our products from our third-party contract manufacturers, inbound freight and duties, product quality testing and inspection costs, depreciation expense of our molds, tooling, and equipment, and the cost of customizing products. We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by net sales.
Gross profit reflects net sales less cost of goods sold, which primarily includes the purchase cost of our products from our third-party contract manufacturers, inbound freight and duties, product receiving testing and inspection costs, depreciation expense of our molds, tooling, and equipment, and the cost of customizing products. We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by net sales.
Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months and periods refer to our fiscal years ended in December and the associated quarters, months, and periods of those fiscal years. 37 Table of Contents Results of Operations The discussion below should be read in conjunction with the following table and our consolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Report.
Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months and periods refer to our fiscal years ended in December and the associated quarters, months, and periods of those fiscal years. 38 Table of Contents Results of Operations The discussion below should be read in conjunction with the following table and our consolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Report.
We believe that our current operating performance, operating plan, our strong cash position, and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to satisfy our foreseeable liquidity needs and capital expenditure requirements, including for at least the next twelve months.
We believe that our current operating performance, operating plan, our strong cash position, and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity needs and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.
Based on our qualitative assessment performed during the fourth quarter of 2023, we determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is lower than its carrying value; therefore, the quantitative impairment test was not required.
Based on our qualitative assessment performed during the fourth quarter of 2024, we determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is lower than its carrying value; therefore, the quantitative impairment test was not required.
A 10% change in our estimated reserve for sales returns, discounts, and miscellaneous claims for 2023 would have impacted net sales by $1.2 million.
A 10% change in our estimated reserve for sales returns, discounts, and miscellaneous claims for 2024 would have impacted net sales by $1.2 million.
Net sales for 2023 were materially adversely impacted by the stop sale of the soft coolers included in the recalls initiated during the first quarter of 2023. In addition, net sales for 2023 include $25.3 million of sales related to gift card redemptions in connection with recall remedies.
Net sales for 2023 were materially adversely impacted by the stop sale of the soft coolers included in the recalls initiated during the first quarter of 2023. In addition, net sales for 2024 and 2023 include $8.8 million and $25.3 million, respectively, of sales related to gift card redemptions in connection with recall remedies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, see “ Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements ” and “ Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted ” in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, see “ Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements ” and “ Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted ” in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. 45 Table of Contents
Our domestic national and regional specialty retailers include Dick’s Sporting Goods, REI, Academy Sports + Outdoors, Bass Pro Shops, Ace Hardware, Scheels, and Tractor Supply Company. We sell our products in our DTC channel to customers on YETI.com, country and region-specific YETI websites, and YETI Authorized on the Amazon Marketplace, as well as in our retail stores.
Our domestic national and regional specialty retailers include Dick’s Sporting Goods, REI, Academy Sports + Outdoors, Bass Pro Shops, Ace Hardware, Scheels, and Tractor Supply Company. We sell our products in our DTC channel to customers through our websites and YETI Authorized on the Amazon Marketplace, as well as in our retail stores.
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 , which was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023. Business Overview Headquartered in Austin, Texas, YETI is a global designer, retailer, and distributor of innovative outdoor products.
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 30, 2023 , which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. Business Overview Headquartered in Austin, Texas, YETI is a global designer, retailer, and distributor of innovative outdoor products.
We did not record any goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment charges during the years ended December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022.
We did not record any goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment charges during the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
A discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended January 1, 2022 is included in Part II, Item 7.
A discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 30, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 is included in Part II, Item 7.
Product Recall Update In January 2023, we notified the Consumer Products Safety Commission (“CPSC”) of a potential safety concern regarding the magnet-lined closures of our Hopper M30 Soft Cooler, Hopper M20 Soft Backpack Cooler, and SideKick Dry gear case (the “affected products”) and initiated a global stop sale of the affected products.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”) of a potential safety concern regarding the magnet-lined closures of our Hopper M30 Soft Cooler, Hopper M20 Soft Backpack Cooler, and SideKick Dry gear case (the “affected products”) and initiated a global stop sale of the affected products.
Financing Activities The decrease in cash used in financing activities in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily driven by repurchases of common stock in the prior year period. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Financing Activities The increase in cash used in financing activities in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily due to repurchases of common stock. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The ultimate costs from the approved voluntary recalls could differ materially from this estimate, and as such, changes in the estimate may have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. 41 Table of Contents Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended December 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Cash flows provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 285,942 $ 100,894 Investing activities (72,824) (56,910) Financing activities (13,596) (122,628) Operating Activities Cash flows related to operating activities are dependent on net income, non-cash adjustments to net income, and changes in working capital.
The ultimate costs from the approved voluntary recalls could differ materially from this estimate, and as such, changes in the estimate may have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. 42 Table of Contents Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2024 December 30, 2023 Cash flows provided by (used in): Operating activities $ 261,386 $ 285,942 Investing activities (131,448) (72,824) Financing activities (209,217) (13,596) Operating Activities Cash flows related to operating activities are dependent on net income, non-cash adjustments to net income, and changes in working capital.
The table of our material cash requirements above excludes unrecognized tax benefits as we are unable to reasonably predict the timing of settlement of liabilities, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 30, 2023, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $17.6 million.
The table of our material cash requirements above excludes unrecognized tax benefits as we are unable to reasonably predict the timing of settlement of liabilities, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 28, 2024, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $21.2 million.
Our fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 ended on December 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively, and were 52 weeks each.
Our fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022 ended on December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and were 52 weeks each.
If actual or expected future returns and discounts were significantly greater or lower than the reserves we had established, we would record a reduction or increase to net sales in the period in which we made such determination.
Actual returns and discounts in any future period are inherently uncertain and thus may differ from our estimates. If actual or expected future returns and discounts were significantly greater or lower than the reserves we had established, we would record a reduction or increase to net sales in the period in which we made such determination.
We fund our working capital, which primarily consists of inventory and accounts receivable, and our capital investments from cash flows from operating activities, cash on hand, and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility. Pursuant to our new share repurchase plan described below, we also plan to use cash to repurchase shares of our common stock.
We fund our working capital and our capital investments from cash flows from operating activities, cash on hand, and borrowings available under our Revolving Credit Facility. Pursuant to our Share Repurchase Program described below, we use cash to repurchase shares of our common stock.
Current Liquidity As of December 30, 2023, we had a cash balance of $439.0 million, $77.1 million of working capital (excluding cash), and $300.0 million of borrowings available under the Revolving Credit Facility. Credit Facility Our Credit Facility provides for a $300.0 million Revolving Credit Facility and an $84.4 million term loan (“Term Loan A”).
Current Liquidity As of December 28, 2024, we had a cash balance of $358.8 million, $88.5 million of working capital (excluding cash), and $300.0 million of borrowings available under the Revolving Credit Facility. Credit Facility Our Credit Facility provides for a $300.0 million Revolving Credit Facility and an $84.4 million term loan (“Term Loan A”).
We discuss the net sales of our products in our two primary categories: Coolers & Equipment and Drinkware. Our Coolers & Equipment category includes hard coolers, soft coolers, bags, outdoor equipment, and cargo, as well as accessories and replacement parts for these products. Our Drinkware category is primarily composed of our stainless-steel drinkware products and related accessories.
Our Coolers & Equipment category includes hard coolers, soft coolers, bags, outdoor equipment, and cargo, as well as accessories and replacement parts for these products. Our Drinkware category is primarily composed of our stainless-steel drinkware products and related accessories.
As of December 30, 2023, our reserve for estimated recall expenses, including the expected cost of returns, was $13.1 million.
As of December 28, 2024, our reserve for estimated recall expenses, including the expected cost of returns, was $12.1 million.
At December 30, 2023, we had $82.3 million principal amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Term Loan A and no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings under Term Loan A was 6.83% during the year ended December 30, 2023.
At December 28, 2024, we had $78.0 million principal amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Term Loan A and no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The weighted average interest rate for borrowings under Term Loan A was 7.09% during the year ended December 28, 2024.
At December 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants and expect to remain in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility. 40 Table of Contents Share Repurchase Program On February 1, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $300 million (exclusive of fees and commissions) of YETI’s common stock.
At December 28, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants and expect to remain in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility. 41 Table of Contents Share Repurchase Program On February 1, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $300.0 million (exclusive of fees and commissions) of YETI’s common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”), excluding fees, commissions, and excise tax due under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 .
Net sales in our channels were as follows: • DTC channel net sales increased $80.0 million, or 9%, to $997.7 million in 2023 from $917.7 million in 2022, driven by both Drinkware and Coolers & Equipment categories.
Net sales in our channels were as follows: • DTC channel net sales increased $89.9 million, or 9%, to $1,087.6 million in 2024 from $997.7 million in 2023, primarily driven by growth in both Coolers & Equipment and Drinkware categories.
Additionally, we offer customized products with licensed trademarks and original artwork through our corporate sales program, at YETI.com and certain country-specific YETI websites. Our corporate sales program offers customized products to corporate customers for a wide-range of events and activities, and in certain instances may also offer products to re-sell.
Additionally, we offer customized products with licensed marks and original artwork primarily through our DTC channel, including our corporate sales channel, on our websites, and at select retail stores. Our corporate sales program offers customized products to corporate customers for a wide-range of events and activities, and in certain instances may also offer products to re-sell.
We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. In conducting our annual impairment test, we first review qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset, or reporting units, is less than its carrying amount.
In conducting our annual impairment test, we first review qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset, or reporting units, is less than its carrying amount.
SG&A expenses included a favorable impact of $11.4 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, and an unfavorable impact of $31.9 million in 2022 in connection with the initial recognition of the recall reserves, as discussed above.
SG&A expenses included an unfavorable impact of $1.8 million in 2024 and a favorable impact of $11.4 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, as discussed above.
We may accept, and have at times accepted, returns outside our terms of sale at our sole discretion. We may also, at our sole discretion, provide our retail partners with sales discounts and allowances. We record estimated sales returns, discounts, and miscellaneous customer claims as reductions to net sales at the time revenues are recorded.
We may also, at our sole discretion, provide our retail partners with sales discounts and allowances. We record estimated sales returns, discounts, and miscellaneous customer claims as reductions to net sales at the time revenues are recorded. We base our estimates upon historical experience and trends, and upon approval of specific returns or discounts.
The reserve for the estimated product recall expenses of $13.1 million and $94.8 million is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The reserve for the estimated product recall expenses of $12.1 million and $13.1 million is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively. Business Combinations We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses SG&A expenses increased by $80.7 million, or 13%, to $717.7 million in 2023 from $637.0 million in 2022. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses increased 340 basis points to 43.3% in 2023 from 39.9% in 2022.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses SG&A expenses increased by $100.2 million, or 14%, to $817.9 million in 2024 from $717.7 million in 2023. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses increased 140 basis points to 44.7% in 2024 from 43.3% in 2023.
DTC channel net sales included an unfavorable impact of $7.3 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, and an unfavorable impact of $6.2 million in 2022 in connection with the initial recognition of the recall reserves.
DTC channel net sales included an unfavorable impact of $8.3 million in 2024 and $7.3 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments.
Revenue from wholesale transactions is generally recognized at the time products are shipped based on contractual terms with the customer. Revenue from our DTC channel is generally recognized at the point of sale in our retail stores and at the time products are shipped for e-commerce transactions and corporate sales based on contractual terms with the customer.
Revenue from our DTC channel is generally recognized at the point of sale in our retail stores and at the time products are shipped for e-commerce transactions and corporate sales based on contractual terms with the customer. 43 Table of Contents Revenue is recognized net of estimates of variable consideration, including product returns, customer discounts and allowances, sales incentive programs, and miscellaneous claims from customers.
Net sales included an unfavorable impact of $21.7 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, and an unfavorable impact of $38.4 million in 2022 in connection with the initial recognition of the recall reserves, as discussed above. Excluding these recall-related impacts, sales increased 3% primarily due to volume growth in our DTC channel.
Net sales included an unfavorable impact of $8.8 million in 2024 and $21.7 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, as discussed above. Excluding these recall-related impacts, sales increased 9% primarily due to volume growth in both our DTC and Wholesale channels.
Although such effects have not materially impacted our business to date, such conditions could worsen. A worsening of any of the macroeconomic trends discussed herein may adversely impact our business, operations, and financial results in the future. We will continue to monitor and, if necessary, mitigate the effects of the macroeconomic environment on our business.
Although such conditions have not materially impacted our business to date, the continuation or worsening of these conditions may materially impact our operations and financial results in 2025. A worsening of any of the macroeconomic trends or uncertainties discussed herein may adversely impact our business, operations, and financial results in the future.
YETI has no obligation to repurchase any amount of our common stock, and such repurchases may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
YETI has no obligation to repurchase any amount of our common stock, and such repurchases may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of December 28, 2024, $100.0 million remained available under the Share Repurchase Program.
Product warranty costs are estimated based on historical and anticipated trends and are recorded as cost of goods sold at the time revenue is recognized. We elected to account for shipping and handling as fulfillment activities, and not as separate performance obligations. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in net sales.
We elected to account for shipping and handling as fulfillment activities, and not as separate performance obligations. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in net sales. All shipping and handling activity costs are recognized as selling, general and administrative expenses at the time the related revenue is recognized.
Inventory Inventories are comprised primarily of finished goods and are carried at the lower of cost (weighted-average cost method) or market (net realizable value). We make ongoing estimates relating to the net realizable value of inventories based upon our assumptions about future demand and market conditions.
We make ongoing estimates relating to the net realizable value of inventories based upon our assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If the estimated net realizable value is less than cost, we reflect the lower value of that inventory.
Due to customer demand and inventory constraints, we have not historically taken material adjustments to the carrying value of our inventory. Our inventory valuation reflects adjustments for anticipated inventory losses that have occurred since the last physical inventory. We estimate inventory shrinkage based on historical trends from physical inventory counts and cycle counts.
This methodology recognizes inventory exposures at the time such losses are identified rather than at the time the inventory is actually sold. Due to customer demand and inventory constraints, we have not historically taken material adjustments to the carrying value of our inventory. Our inventory valuation reflects adjustments for anticipated inventory losses that have occurred since the last physical inventory.
The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a lower tax benefit from our export sales deductions and an unfavorable tax impact related to stock-based compensation in 2023. Liquidity and Capital Resources General Our cash requirements have principally been for working capital purposes, long-term debt repayments, and capital expenditures.
The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to higher income before income taxes. Liquidity and Capital Resources General Our cash requirements have principally been for working capital purposes, long-term debt repayments, and capital expenditures.
Our variable expenses, including outbound freight, online marketplace fees, third-party logistics fees, and credit card processing fees, will vary as they are dependent on our sales volume and our channel mix. Our DTC channel variable SG&A costs are generally higher as a percentage of net sales than our wholesale channel distribution costs. Fiscal Year.
Our distribution and fulfillment costs include costs of our third-party warehousing and logistics operations, outbound freight costs, costs of operating on third-party DTC marketplaces, and credit card processing fees. Certain distribution and fulfillment costs will vary as they are dependent on our sales volume and our channel mix.
Our DTC channel represented 60% and 58% of total net sales in 2023 and 2022, respectively. 38 Table of Contents • Net sales in our wholesale channel decreased $16.5 million, or 2%, to $661.0 million in 2023 from $677.5 million in 2022.
Our DTC channel represented 59% and 60% of total net sales in 2024 and 2023, respectively. • Net sales in our wholesale channel increased $81.3 million, or 12%, to $742.3 million in 2024 from $661.0 million in 2023.
Coolers & Equipment net sales included an unfavorable impact of $21.7 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, and an unfavorable impact of $38.4 million in 2022 in connection with the initial recognition of the recall reserves.
Coolers & Equipment net sales included an unfavorable impact of $8.8 million in 2024 and $21.7 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments. The increase in Coolers & Equipment net sales was primarily driven by strong performance in bags, soft coolers, and hard coolers.
The actual amount of customer returns and customer allowances, which is inherently uncertain, may differ from our estimates. 42 Table of Contents The duration of contractual arrangements with our customers is typically less than 1 year. Payment terms with wholesale customers vary depending on creditworthiness and other considerations, with the most common being net 30 days.
We determine these estimates based on contract terms, evaluations of historical experience, anticipated trends, and other factors. The actual amount of customer returns and customer allowances, which is inherently uncertain, may differ from our estimates. The duration of contractual arrangements with our customers is typically less than 1 year.
Selling, general, and administrative ( “ SG&A ” ) expenses consist primarily of marketing costs, employee compensation and benefits costs, costs of our outsourced warehousing and logistics operations, costs of operating on third-party DTC marketplaces, professional fees and services, non-cash stock-based compensation, cost of product shipment to our customers, depreciation and amortization expense, and general corporate infrastructure expenses.
Selling, general, and administrative ( “ SG&A ” ) expenses consist primarily of marketing costs, employee compensation and benefits costs, including non-cash stock-based compensation, distribution and fulfillment costs, depreciation and amortization expense, and general corporate infrastructure expenses.
The increase in SG&A expenses resulted from: • an increase in variable expenses of $39.7 million (increasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 190 basis points) primarily associated with higher DTC channel sales, and comprised of higher distribution costs including higher outbound freight rates, online marketplace fees, third-party logistics fees, and credit card processing fees; • an increase in non-variable expenses of $84.3 million (increasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 420 basis points) comprised of higher employee costs, mainly due to incentive compensation, investments in headcount to support future growth, and non-cash stock-based compensation expense, as well as investments in marketing expenses, warehousing costs, facility costs, and other operating expenses; which were partially offset by • the lower impact of the recall reserves, which favorably impacted SG&A expenses by $43.3 million (decreasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 270 basis points). 39 Table of Contents Non-Operating Expenses Interest expense was $0.9 million in 2023, compared to $4.5 million in 2022.
The increase in SG&A expenses resulted from: • an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $39.9 million (increasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 130 basis points) mainly due to investments in headcount to support future growth and non-cash stock-based compensation expense; • an increase in general and administrative expenses of $20.4 million (increasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 50 basis points) mainly due to higher technology expenses, asset impairments, occupancy costs, and professional fees; • an increase in marketing and advertising expenses of $14.6 million (increasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 10 basis points); • the net impact of the recall reserves adjustments, which unfavorably impacted SG&A expenses by $13.2 million (increasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 80 basis points); and • an increase in distribution and fulfillment expenses of $12.8 million (decreasing SG&A as a percent of sales by 110 basis points) primarily due to higher online marketplace fees and third-party logistics fees associated with higher net sales, partially offset by lower outbound freight.
Net sales in our two primary product categories were as follows: • Drinkware net sales increased $75.8 million, or 8%, to $1,023.0 million in 2023 from $947.2 million in 2022, primarily driven by strong demand for the continued expansion and innovation of our Drinkware product offerings, including Rambler straw lid mugs, Rambler and Yonder bottles, specialty coffee cups and tabletop solutions, as well as new seasonal colorways. • Coolers & Equipment net sales decreased $15.0 million, or 2%, to $597.5 million in 2023 from $612.5 million in 2022.
Our wholesale channel represented 41% and 40% of total net sales in 2024 and 2023, respectively. 39 Table of Contents Net sales in our two primary product categories were as follows: • Drinkware net sales increased $71.2 million, or 7%, to $1,094.2 million in 2024 from $1,023.0 million in 2023, primarily driven by demand for the continued expansion and innovation of our Drinkware product offerings and new seasonal colorways. • Coolers & Equipment net sales increased $101.1 million, or 17%, to $698.6 million in 2024 from $597.5 million in 2023.
Gross profit included an unfavorable impact of $13.3 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, and an unfavorable impact of $97.0 million in 2022 in connection with the initial recognition of the recall reserves, as discussed above.
Gross margin increased 120 basis points to 58.1% in 2024 from 56.9% in 2023. Gross profit included an unfavorable impact of $8.1 million in 2024 and $13.3 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, as discussed above.
Product Introductions and Updates During the first quarter of 2023, we expanded our cargo offerings with the launch of the new LoadOut GoBox in three sizes, introduced the new stackable Rambler Lowball, built new customization capabilities for our Yonder bottles, and introduced new seasonal colorways.
Product Introductions and Updates During the first quarter of 2024, we expanded our Drinkware offerings with the launch of the new Yonder Bottle with Straw Cap in two sizes, and expanded the Rambler Stackable cup family with the addition of three new sizes.
The increase in cash received for working capital was primarily due to a decrease in inventory and an increase in accounts payable and other accrued expenses, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable. Investing Activities The increase in cash used in investing activities in 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily related to increased purchases of intangible assets.
The decrease in cash provided by operating activities in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily due to an increase in cash used by working capital driven by lower accounts payable and accrued expenses balances and higher account receivable balances in 2024.
All shipping and handling activity costs are recognized as selling, general and administrative expenses at the time the related revenue is recognized. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted directly to government authorities are excluded from net sales and cost of goods sold. Our terms of sale provide limited return rights.
Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted directly to government authorities are excluded from net sales and cost of goods sold. Our terms of sale provide limited return rights. We may accept, and have at times accepted, returns outside our terms of sale at our sole discretion.
Payment is due at the time of sale for retail store transactions and at the time of shipment for e-commerce transactions. Certain products that we sell include a limited warranty which does not meet the definition of a performance obligation within the context of the contract.
Certain products that we sell include a limited warranty which does not meet the definition of a performance obligation within the context of the contract. Product warranty costs are estimated based on historical and anticipated trends and are recorded as cost of goods sold at the time revenue is recognized.
General Components of Our Results of Operations Net Sales . Net sales are comprised of wholesale channel sales to our retail partners and sales through our DTC channel. Net sales in both channels reflect the impact of product returns as well as discounts for certain sales programs or promotions.
Net sales in both channels reflect the impact of product returns as well as discounts for certain sales programs or promotions. We discuss the net sales of our products in our two primary categories: Coolers & Equipment and Drinkware.
Wholesale channel net sales included an unfavorable impact of $14.4 million in 2023 primarily related to recall reserve adjustments, and an unfavorable impact of $32.2 million in 2022 in connection with the initial recognition of the recall reserves.
Wholesale channel net sales included an unfavorable impact of $0.6 million in 2024 and $14.4 million in 2023 related to recall reserve adjustments. The increase in our wholesale channel sales was primarily driven by both Coolers & Equipment and Drinkware categories, as well as a net favorable impact of $13.8 million related to the recall reserves.
Material Cash Requirements For 2024, we expect capital expenditures for property and equipment to be approximately $60 million, primarily to support investments in technology, new product innovation, expansion of our custom portfolio and capacity, and retail stores investments.
See Note 11-Stockholders’ Equity of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the Share Repurchase Program. Material Cash Requirements For 2025, we expect capital expenditures for property and equipment to be between $60.0 million and $70.0 million, primarily to support investments in technology, new product innovation, and our supply chain.
The increase in cash provided by operating activities in 2023 was primarily due to an increase in cash received for working capital, and to a smaller extent, net income, adjusted for non-cash items, including the impact of our voluntary recalls, for the periods compared.
The increase in cash provided by operating activities was partially offset by an increase in net income and the impact of non-cash items.
(“Mystery Ranch”), a designer and manufacturer of durable load-bearing backpacks, bags, and pack accessories, and Butter Pat Industries, LLC (“Butter Pat”), a designer and manufacturer of cast iron cookware. We plan to integrate Mystery Ranch and Butter Pat operations and products into our business to further expand our capabilities in the cookware and bags categories.
In our Coolers and Equipment category, we launched the LoadOut Swivel Seat and a limited release of the first Mystery Ranch-inspired Bozeman pack. 36 Table of Contents Acquisitions During the first quarter of 2024, we completed the acquisitions of Mystery Ranch, a designer and manufacturer of durable load-bearing backpacks, bags, and pack accessories, and Butter Pat Industries, LLC (“Butter Pat”), a designer and manufacturer of cast iron cookware.
There is significant uncertainty regarding how macroeconomic trends, including sustained high levels of inflation and higher interest rates, will impact consumer demand. While some of these conditions have negatively impacted consumer discretionary spending behavior, we continue to see strong consumer demand for our products.
See Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business, Operations and Industry.” 37 Table of Contents Macroeconomic Conditions There remains significant uncertainty regarding how macroeconomic conditions, including sustained high levels of inflation and higher interest rates, will impact consumer demand.
The total unfavorable impact to operating income related to the recalls was $1.9 million in 2023. As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our reserve for estimated recall expenses was $13.1 million and $94.8 million, respectively.
As of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, our reserve for estimated recall expenses was $12.1 million and $13.1 million, respectively. The ultimate impact from the recalls may differ materially from our estimates, and may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We perform physical inventory counts and cycle counts throughout the year and adjust the shrink provision accordingly. Historically, physical inventory shrinkage has not been significant. 43 Table of Contents Valuation of Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and intangible assets are recorded at cost, or at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.
We estimate inventory shrinkage based on historical trends from physical inventory counts and cycle counts. We perform physical inventory counts and cycle counts throughout the year and adjust the shrink provision accordingly. Historically, physical inventory shrinkage has not been significant.
Income tax expense was $56.1 million in 2023, compared to $26.5 million in 2022. Our effective tax rate for 2023 was 25% compared to 23% for 2022. The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to an increase in earnings before taxes in 2023.
The change versus the prior year period was primarily due to unrealized foreign currency losses on intercompany balances in the current period versus unrealized foreign currency gains on intercompany balances in the prior year. Income tax expense was $57.2 million in 2024, compared to $56.1 million in 2023. Our effective tax rate was 25% for both 2024 and 2023.
The following table summarizes current and long-term material cash requirements for contractual and other obligations as of December 30, 2023 (in thousands): Material Cash Requirements Total 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Long-term debt principal payment $ 82,266 $ 4,219 $ 4,219 $ 4,219 $ 4,219 $ 65,390 $ — Interest $ 26,783 6,520 6,187 5,896 5,582 2,598 — Operating lease obligations $ 107,279 18,571 21,236 17,612 13,280 9,427 27,153 Finance leases $ 6,003 2,300 2,360 1,011 176 156 — Other non-cancellable agreements (1) $ 154,013 73,867 50,515 21,900 6,198 1,533 — Total $ 376,344 $ 105,477 $ 84,517 $ 50,638 $ 29,455 $ 79,104 $ 27,153 _________________________________________ (1) We have entered into commitments for service and maintenance agreements related to our management information systems, distribution contracts, advertising, sponsorships, and licensing agreements.
The following table summarizes current and long-term material cash requirements for contractual and other obligations as of December 28, 2024 (in thousands): Material Cash Requirements Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter Long-term debt principal payment $ 78,047 $ 4,219 $ 4,219 $ 4,219 $ 65,390 $ — $ — Interest 15,597 4,797 4,532 4,267 2,001 — — Operating lease obligations 110,490 24,034 20,582 15,767 11,718 8,940 29,449 Finance leases 3,536 2,315 973 142 106 — — Other non-cancellable agreements (1) 166,765 64,707 53,305 21,046 14,957 11,498 1,252 Total $ 374,435 $ 100,072 $ 83,611 $ 45,441 $ 94,172 $ 20,438 $ 30,701 _________________________________________ (1) We have entered into commitments for service and maintenance agreements related to our management information systems, distribution contracts, advertising, sponsorships, and licensing agreements.
During the second quarter of 2023, we expanded our drinkware offerings with the launch of the new Rambler beverage bucket, introduced new color-matched straw lid Rambler bottles and our first ever cast iron skillet, and continued to expand our seasonal colorways.
During the third quarter of 2024, we expanded our Drinkware category with the launch of our new Cast Iron Skillet in three sizes, our new Rambler Pitcher in two sizes, as well as the full release of our Flask and Shot Glasses. We also introduced new seasonal colorways.
The ultimate impact from the recalls may differ materially from our estimates, and may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. See Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business, Operations and Industry.” In addition, our 2023 sales were materially adversely impacted by the stop sale of the affected products.
The total unfavorable impact to operating income related to the recalls was $1.9 million in 2023. In addition, our sales from the first to the third quarter of 2023 were materially adversely impacted by the stop sales of the affected products. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we introduced our redesigned and improved versions of the affected products.
The decrease was primarily driven by higher interest income, partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to higher interest rates on our outstanding long-term debt. Other income, net was $1.4 million in 2023, compared to other expense of $5.7 million in 2022. The increase in other income, net was due to foreign currency gains on intercompany balances.
The change versus the prior year period was primarily due to an increase in interest income. Other expense, net was $13.2 million in 2024. Other income, net was $1.4 million in 2023.