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Side-by-side financial comparison of Alto Ingredients, Inc. (ALTO) and Duolingo, Inc. (DUOL). Click either name above to swap in a different company.
Duolingo, Inc. is the larger business by last-quarter revenue ($282.9M vs $232.0M, roughly 1.2× Alto Ingredients, Inc.). Duolingo, Inc. runs the higher net margin — 14.8% vs 9.4%, a 5.4% gap on every dollar of revenue. On growth, Duolingo, Inc. posted the faster year-over-year revenue change (35.0% vs -1.9%). Duolingo, Inc. produced more free cash flow last quarter ($96.6M vs $7.6M). Over the past eight quarters, Duolingo, Inc.'s revenue compounded faster (29.9% CAGR vs -1.8%).
Palo Alto Networks, Inc. is an American multinational cybersecurity company with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. The core product is a platform that includes advanced firewalls and cloud-based offerings that extend those firewalls to cover other aspects of security. The company serves over 70,000 organizations in over 150 countries, including 85 of the Fortune 100. It is home to the Unit 42 threat research team and hosts the Ignite cybersecurity conference. It is a partner organizati...
Duolingo, Inc. is a leading global edtech firm operating a gamified language learning platform. It offers free and premium self-paced courses for over 40 languages, plus language certification, math learning tools, and literacy programs, serving individual learners, schools and corporate clients worldwide.
ALTO vs DUOL — Head-to-Head
Income Statement — Q4 FY2025 vs Q4 FY2025
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $232.0M | $282.9M |
| Net Profit | $21.8M | $42.0M |
| Gross Margin | 6.5% | 72.8% |
| Operating Margin | 3.2% | 15.4% |
| Net Margin | 9.4% | 14.8% |
| Revenue YoY | -1.9% | 35.0% |
| Net Profit YoY | 152.3% | 201.7% |
| EPS (diluted) | $0.28 | $0.99 |
Green = leading value per metric. Periods may differ when fiscal calendars don't align.
8-Quarter Revenue & Profit Trend
Side-by-side quarterly history. Quarters aligned by calendar period so offset fiscal years line up.
| Q4 25 | $232.0M | $282.9M | ||
| Q3 25 | $241.0M | $271.7M | ||
| Q2 25 | $218.4M | $252.3M | ||
| Q1 25 | $226.5M | $230.7M | ||
| Q4 24 | $236.3M | $209.6M | ||
| Q3 24 | $251.8M | $192.6M | ||
| Q2 24 | $236.5M | $178.3M | ||
| Q1 24 | $240.6M | $167.6M |
| Q4 25 | $21.8M | $42.0M | ||
| Q3 25 | $14.2M | $292.2M | ||
| Q2 25 | $-11.0M | $44.8M | ||
| Q1 25 | $-11.7M | $35.1M | ||
| Q4 24 | $-41.7M | $13.9M | ||
| Q3 24 | $-2.4M | $23.4M | ||
| Q2 24 | $-3.1M | $24.4M | ||
| Q1 24 | $-11.7M | $27.0M |
| Q4 25 | 6.5% | 72.8% | ||
| Q3 25 | 9.7% | 72.5% | ||
| Q2 25 | -0.9% | 72.4% | ||
| Q1 25 | -0.8% | 71.1% | ||
| Q4 24 | -0.6% | 71.9% | ||
| Q3 24 | 2.4% | 72.9% | ||
| Q2 24 | 3.2% | 73.4% | ||
| Q1 24 | -1.0% | 73.0% |
| Q4 25 | 3.2% | 15.4% | ||
| Q3 25 | 7.0% | 12.9% | ||
| Q2 25 | -3.7% | 13.2% | ||
| Q1 25 | -4.0% | 10.2% | ||
| Q4 24 | -16.6% | 6.6% | ||
| Q3 24 | -0.3% | 7.0% | ||
| Q2 24 | -0.6% | 10.5% | ||
| Q1 24 | -4.3% | 9.8% |
| Q4 25 | 9.4% | 14.8% | ||
| Q3 25 | 5.9% | 107.5% | ||
| Q2 25 | -5.0% | 17.8% | ||
| Q1 25 | -5.2% | 15.2% | ||
| Q4 24 | -17.6% | 6.6% | ||
| Q3 24 | -1.0% | 12.1% | ||
| Q2 24 | -1.3% | 13.7% | ||
| Q1 24 | -4.9% | 16.1% |
| Q4 25 | $0.28 | $0.99 | ||
| Q3 25 | $0.19 | $5.95 | ||
| Q2 25 | $-0.15 | $0.91 | ||
| Q1 25 | $-0.16 | $0.72 | ||
| Q4 24 | $-0.56 | $0.31 | ||
| Q3 24 | $-0.04 | $0.49 | ||
| Q2 24 | $-0.05 | $0.51 | ||
| Q1 24 | $-0.17 | $0.57 |
Balance Sheet & Financial Strength
Snapshot of each company's liquidity, leverage and book value from the latest quarter.
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Cash + ST InvestmentsLiquidity on hand | $23.4M | $1.0B |
| Total DebtLower is stronger | $84.6M | — |
| Stockholders' EquityBook value | $245.2M | $1.3B |
| Total Assets | $388.8M | $2.0B |
| Debt / EquityLower = less leverage | 0.34× | — |
8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.
| Q4 25 | $23.4M | $1.0B | ||
| Q3 25 | $32.5M | $1.0B | ||
| Q2 25 | $29.8M | $976.2M | ||
| Q1 25 | $26.8M | $884.0M | ||
| Q4 24 | $35.5M | $785.8M | ||
| Q3 24 | $33.6M | $854.4M | ||
| Q2 24 | $27.1M | $888.2M | ||
| Q1 24 | $29.3M | $829.7M |
| Q4 25 | $84.6M | — | ||
| Q3 25 | $106.0M | — | ||
| Q2 25 | $124.2M | — | ||
| Q1 25 | $117.0M | — | ||
| Q4 24 | $99.7M | — | ||
| Q3 24 | $90.6M | — | ||
| Q2 24 | $98.6M | — | ||
| Q1 24 | $92.2M | — |
| Q4 25 | $245.2M | $1.3B | ||
| Q3 25 | $222.4M | $1.3B | ||
| Q2 25 | $207.8M | $977.0M | ||
| Q1 25 | $213.9M | $893.8M | ||
| Q4 24 | $225.1M | $824.5M | ||
| Q3 24 | $263.9M | $822.5M | ||
| Q2 24 | $265.8M | $766.9M | ||
| Q1 24 | $268.7M | $711.1M |
| Q4 25 | $388.8M | $2.0B | ||
| Q3 25 | $388.5M | $1.9B | ||
| Q2 25 | $393.1M | $1.5B | ||
| Q1 25 | $402.2M | $1.4B | ||
| Q4 24 | $401.4M | $1.3B | ||
| Q3 24 | $417.4M | $1.2B | ||
| Q2 24 | $432.5M | $1.1B | ||
| Q1 24 | $434.6M | $1.1B |
| Q4 25 | 0.34× | — | ||
| Q3 25 | 0.48× | — | ||
| Q2 25 | 0.60× | — | ||
| Q1 25 | 0.55× | — | ||
| Q4 24 | 0.44× | — | ||
| Q3 24 | 0.34× | — | ||
| Q2 24 | 0.37× | — | ||
| Q1 24 | 0.34× | — |
Cash Flow & Capital Efficiency
How much cash each business actually produces after reinvestment. Cash flow is harder to manipulate than net income.
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash FlowLast quarter | $9.5M | $107.3M |
| Free Cash FlowOCF − Capex | $7.6M | $96.6M |
| FCF MarginFCF / Revenue | 3.3% | 34.1% |
| Capex IntensityCapex / Revenue | 0.8% | 3.8% |
| Cash ConversionOCF / Net Profit | 0.44× | 2.56× |
| TTM Free Cash FlowTrailing 4 quarters | $8.6M | $369.7M |
8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.
| Q4 25 | $9.5M | $107.3M | ||
| Q3 25 | $22.8M | $84.2M | ||
| Q2 25 | $-848.0K | $90.7M | ||
| Q1 25 | $-18.2M | $105.6M | ||
| Q4 24 | $-9.8M | $83.3M | ||
| Q3 24 | $18.6M | $56.3M | ||
| Q2 24 | $-13.7M | $62.4M | ||
| Q1 24 | $1.4M | $83.5M |
| Q4 25 | $7.6M | $96.6M | ||
| Q3 25 | $21.2M | $79.4M | ||
| Q2 25 | $-1.3M | $89.5M | ||
| Q1 25 | $-18.8M | $104.3M | ||
| Q4 24 | $-11.1M | $81.4M | ||
| Q3 24 | $18.1M | $53.1M | ||
| Q2 24 | $-18.4M | $56.8M | ||
| Q1 24 | $-3.2M | $82.1M |
| Q4 25 | 3.3% | 34.1% | ||
| Q3 25 | 8.8% | 29.2% | ||
| Q2 25 | -0.6% | 35.5% | ||
| Q1 25 | -8.3% | 45.2% | ||
| Q4 24 | -4.7% | 38.8% | ||
| Q3 24 | 7.2% | 27.6% | ||
| Q2 24 | -7.8% | 31.9% | ||
| Q1 24 | -1.3% | 49.0% |
| Q4 25 | 0.8% | 3.8% | ||
| Q3 25 | 0.7% | 1.8% | ||
| Q2 25 | 0.2% | 0.5% | ||
| Q1 25 | 0.2% | 0.6% | ||
| Q4 24 | 0.5% | 0.9% | ||
| Q3 24 | 0.2% | 1.7% | ||
| Q2 24 | 2.0% | 3.1% | ||
| Q1 24 | 1.9% | 0.8% |
| Q4 25 | 0.44× | 2.56× | ||
| Q3 25 | 1.60× | 0.29× | ||
| Q2 25 | — | 2.02× | ||
| Q1 25 | — | 3.01× | ||
| Q4 24 | — | 5.99× | ||
| Q3 24 | — | 2.41× | ||
| Q2 24 | — | 2.56× | ||
| Q1 24 | — | 3.10× |
Financial Flow Comparison
Revenue → gross profit → operating profit → net profit for each company.
Revenue Breakdown by Segment
ALTO
| Pekin Campus Production | $105.1M | 45% |
| Total Marketing And Distribution Sales | $57.9M | 25% |
| Marketing And Distributions | $55.6M | 24% |
| Other | $11.2M | 5% |
| Kodiak Carbonic LLC | $2.1M | 1% |
DUOL
| License And Service | $242.3M | 86% |
| Advertising | $20.2M | 7% |
| English Test | $10.3M | 4% |
| Other | $10.1M | 4% |
