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Side-by-side financial comparison of CMS Energy (CMS) and Norfolk Southern (NSC). Click either name above to swap in a different company.
Norfolk Southern is the larger business by last-quarter revenue ($3.0B vs $2.1B, roughly 1.4× CMS Energy). Norfolk Southern runs the higher net margin — 21.7% vs 13.5%, a 8.1% gap on every dollar of revenue. On growth, CMS Energy posted the faster year-over-year revenue change (13.0% vs -1.7%). Over the past eight quarters, CMS Energy's revenue compounded faster (-0.2% CAGR vs -0.5%).
CMS Energy Corporation is an American energy company based in Jackson, Michigan, that is focused principally on utility operations in Michigan. Its principal business is Consumers Energy, a public utility that provides electricity and natural gas to more than 6 million of Michigan's 10 million residents. Its non-utility businesses are focused primarily on domestic independent power production. Consumers Energy has operated since 1886.
The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I freight railroad operating in the Eastern United States. Headquartered in Atlanta, the company was formed in 1982 with the merger of the Norfolk and Western Railway and Southern Railway. The company operates 19,420 route miles (31,250 km) in 22 eastern states and the District of Columbia, and has rights in Canada over the Albany to Montreal route of the Canadian Pacific Kansas City.
CMS vs NSC — Head-to-Head
Income Statement — Q4 FY2025 vs Q4 FY2025
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $2.1B | $3.0B |
| Net Profit | $289.0M | $644.0M |
| Gross Margin | — | — |
| Operating Margin | 20.4% | 31.5% |
| Net Margin | 13.5% | 21.7% |
| Revenue YoY | 13.0% | -1.7% |
| Net Profit YoY | 9.1% | -12.1% |
| EPS (diluted) | $0.94 | $2.87 |
Green = leading value per metric. Periods may differ when fiscal calendars don't align.
8-Quarter Revenue & Profit Trend
Side-by-side quarterly history. Quarters aligned by calendar period so offset fiscal years line up.
| Q4 25 | $2.1B | $3.0B | ||
| Q3 25 | $2.0B | $3.1B | ||
| Q2 25 | $1.8B | $3.1B | ||
| Q1 25 | $2.4B | $3.0B | ||
| Q4 24 | $1.9B | $3.0B | ||
| Q3 24 | $1.7B | $3.1B | ||
| Q2 24 | $1.6B | $3.0B | ||
| Q1 24 | $2.1B | $3.0B |
| Q4 25 | $289.0M | $644.0M | ||
| Q3 25 | $277.0M | $711.0M | ||
| Q2 25 | $201.0M | $768.0M | ||
| Q1 25 | $304.0M | $750.0M | ||
| Q4 24 | $265.0M | $733.0M | ||
| Q3 24 | $253.0M | $1.1B | ||
| Q2 24 | $198.0M | $737.0M | ||
| Q1 24 | $287.0M | $53.0M |
| Q4 25 | 20.4% | 31.5% | ||
| Q3 25 | 24.4% | 35.4% | ||
| Q2 25 | 17.6% | 37.8% | ||
| Q1 25 | 20.6% | 38.3% | ||
| Q4 24 | 22.5% | 37.4% | ||
| Q3 24 | 21.4% | 52.3% | ||
| Q2 24 | 18.0% | 37.2% | ||
| Q1 24 | 19.2% | 7.1% |
| Q4 25 | 13.5% | 21.7% | ||
| Q3 25 | 14.0% | 22.9% | ||
| Q2 25 | 11.2% | 24.7% | ||
| Q1 25 | 12.7% | 25.1% | ||
| Q4 24 | 14.0% | 24.2% | ||
| Q3 24 | 14.8% | 36.0% | ||
| Q2 24 | 12.6% | 24.2% | ||
| Q1 24 | 13.4% | 1.8% |
| Q4 25 | $0.94 | $2.87 | ||
| Q3 25 | $0.92 | $3.16 | ||
| Q2 25 | $0.66 | $3.41 | ||
| Q1 25 | $1.01 | $3.31 | ||
| Q4 24 | $0.88 | $3.24 | ||
| Q3 24 | $0.84 | $4.85 | ||
| Q2 24 | $0.65 | $3.25 | ||
| Q1 24 | $0.96 | $0.23 |
Balance Sheet & Financial Strength
Snapshot of each company's liquidity, leverage and book value from the latest quarter.
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Cash + ST InvestmentsLiquidity on hand | $509.0M | $1.5B |
| Total DebtLower is stronger | — | $16.5B |
| Stockholders' EquityBook value | $9.1B | $15.5B |
| Total Assets | $39.9B | $45.2B |
| Debt / EquityLower = less leverage | — | 1.06× |
8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.
| Q4 25 | $509.0M | $1.5B | ||
| Q3 25 | $362.0M | $1.4B | ||
| Q2 25 | $844.0M | $1.3B | ||
| Q1 25 | $465.0M | $1.0B | ||
| Q4 24 | $103.0M | $1.6B | ||
| Q3 24 | $412.0M | $975.0M | ||
| Q2 24 | $699.0M | $659.0M | ||
| Q1 24 | $802.0M | $652.0M |
| Q4 25 | — | $16.5B | ||
| Q3 25 | — | $16.5B | ||
| Q2 25 | — | $16.5B | ||
| Q1 25 | — | $16.7B | ||
| Q4 24 | — | $16.7B | ||
| Q3 24 | — | $16.6B | ||
| Q2 24 | — | $16.9B | ||
| Q1 24 | — | $17.2B |
| Q4 25 | $9.1B | $15.5B | ||
| Q3 25 | $8.9B | $15.1B | ||
| Q2 25 | $8.4B | $14.8B | ||
| Q1 25 | $8.3B | $14.5B | ||
| Q4 24 | $8.2B | $14.3B | ||
| Q3 24 | $8.1B | $13.8B | ||
| Q2 24 | $8.0B | $13.0B | ||
| Q1 24 | $7.9B | $12.5B |
| Q4 25 | $39.9B | $45.2B | ||
| Q3 25 | $38.0B | $44.6B | ||
| Q2 25 | $37.7B | $44.2B | ||
| Q1 25 | $36.3B | $43.8B | ||
| Q4 24 | $35.9B | $43.7B | ||
| Q3 24 | $34.8B | $43.3B | ||
| Q2 24 | $34.4B | $42.6B | ||
| Q1 24 | $33.9B | $42.1B |
| Q4 25 | — | 1.06× | ||
| Q3 25 | — | 1.09× | ||
| Q2 25 | — | 1.11× | ||
| Q1 25 | — | 1.15× | ||
| Q4 24 | — | 1.16× | ||
| Q3 24 | — | 1.21× | ||
| Q2 24 | — | 1.30× | ||
| Q1 24 | — | 1.37× |
Cash Flow & Capital Efficiency
How much cash each business actually produces after reinvestment. Cash flow is harder to manipulate than net income.
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash FlowLast quarter | $478.0M | $1.1B |
| Free Cash FlowOCF − Capex | — | $334.0M |
| FCF MarginFCF / Revenue | — | 11.2% |
| Capex IntensityCapex / Revenue | — | 24.5% |
| Cash ConversionOCF / Net Profit | 1.65× | 1.65× |
| TTM Free Cash FlowTrailing 4 quarters | — | $2.2B |
8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.
| Q4 25 | $478.0M | $1.1B | ||
| Q3 25 | $343.0M | $1.3B | ||
| Q2 25 | $414.0M | $1.1B | ||
| Q1 25 | $1.0B | $950.0M | ||
| Q4 24 | $403.0M | $951.0M | ||
| Q3 24 | $304.0M | $1.2B | ||
| Q2 24 | $707.0M | $1.0B | ||
| Q1 24 | $956.0M | $839.0M |
| Q4 25 | — | $334.0M | ||
| Q3 25 | $-635.0M | $720.0M | ||
| Q2 25 | $-470.0M | $602.0M | ||
| Q1 25 | $112.0M | $501.0M | ||
| Q4 24 | — | $276.0M | ||
| Q3 24 | $-502.0M | $645.0M | ||
| Q2 24 | $26.0M | $468.0M | ||
| Q1 24 | $343.0M | $282.0M |
| Q4 25 | — | 11.2% | ||
| Q3 25 | -32.2% | 23.2% | ||
| Q2 25 | -26.1% | 19.4% | ||
| Q1 25 | 4.7% | 16.7% | ||
| Q4 24 | — | 9.1% | ||
| Q3 24 | -29.3% | 21.1% | ||
| Q2 24 | 1.6% | 15.4% | ||
| Q1 24 | 16.0% | 9.4% |
| Q4 25 | — | 24.5% | ||
| Q3 25 | 49.5% | 17.8% | ||
| Q2 25 | 49.2% | 15.3% | ||
| Q1 25 | 37.0% | 15.0% | ||
| Q4 24 | — | 22.3% | ||
| Q3 24 | 47.1% | 19.0% | ||
| Q2 24 | 43.2% | 18.7% | ||
| Q1 24 | 28.6% | 18.5% |
| Q4 25 | 1.65× | 1.65× | ||
| Q3 25 | 1.24× | 1.79× | ||
| Q2 25 | 2.06× | 1.40× | ||
| Q1 25 | 3.29× | 1.27× | ||
| Q4 24 | 1.52× | 1.30× | ||
| Q3 24 | 1.20× | 1.12× | ||
| Q2 24 | 3.57× | 1.41× | ||
| Q1 24 | 3.33× | 15.83× |
Financial Flow Comparison
Revenue → gross profit → operating profit → net profit for each company.
Revenue Breakdown by Segment
CMS
| Electric Utility | $1.3B | 59% |
| Gas Utility | $803.0M | 38% |
| North Star Clean Energy | $77.0M | 4% |
NSC
| Railway Operating Revenues Market Group Merchandise | $1.9B | 63% |
| Metals And Construction | $404.0M | 14% |
| Railway Operating Revenues Market Group Coal | $347.0M | 12% |
| Automotive | $293.0M | 10% |
