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Side-by-side financial comparison of International Paper (IP) and Southern Company (SO). Click either name above to swap in a different company.
Southern Company is the larger business by last-quarter revenue ($7.0B vs $4.7B, roughly 1.5× International Paper). Southern Company runs the higher net margin — 4.9% vs -50.3%, a 55.1% gap on every dollar of revenue. On growth, Southern Company posted the faster year-over-year revenue change (10.1% vs 3.6%). International Paper produced more free cash flow last quarter ($255.0M vs $-1.7B). Over the past eight quarters, Southern Company's revenue compounded faster (2.5% CAGR vs 1.3%).
The International Paper Company is an American pulp and paper company, the largest such company in the world. It has approximately 39,000 employees, and is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee.
Southern Company is an American gas and electric utility holding company based in the Southern United States. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with executive offices located in Birmingham, Alabama. As of 2021 it is the second largest utility company in the U.S. in terms of customer base. Through its subsidiaries it serves 9 million gas and electric utility customers in 6 states. Southern Company's regulated regional electric utilities serve a 120,000-square-mile (310,000 km2) territor...
IP vs SO — Head-to-Head
Income Statement — Q4 FY2025 vs Q4 FY2025
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $4.7B | $7.0B |
| Net Profit | $-2.4B | $341.0M |
| Gross Margin | 32.2% | — |
| Operating Margin | -56.4% | 13.1% |
| Net Margin | -50.3% | 4.9% |
| Revenue YoY | 3.6% | 10.1% |
| Net Profit YoY | -1521.8% | -26.8% |
| EPS (diluted) | $-4.76 | $0.38 |
Green = leading value per metric. Periods may differ when fiscal calendars don't align.
8-Quarter Revenue & Profit Trend
Side-by-side quarterly history. Quarters aligned by calendar period so offset fiscal years line up.
| Q4 25 | $4.7B | $7.0B | ||
| Q3 25 | $6.2B | $7.8B | ||
| Q2 25 | $6.8B | $7.0B | ||
| Q1 25 | $5.9B | $7.8B | ||
| Q4 24 | $4.6B | $6.3B | ||
| Q3 24 | $4.7B | $7.3B | ||
| Q2 24 | $4.7B | $6.5B | ||
| Q1 24 | $4.6B | $6.6B |
| Q4 25 | $-2.4B | $341.0M | ||
| Q3 25 | $-1.1B | $1.7B | ||
| Q2 25 | $75.0M | $880.0M | ||
| Q1 25 | $-105.0M | $1.3B | ||
| Q4 24 | $-147.0M | $466.0M | ||
| Q3 24 | $150.0M | $1.5B | ||
| Q2 24 | $498.0M | $1.2B | ||
| Q1 24 | $56.0M | $1.1B |
| Q4 25 | 32.2% | — | ||
| Q3 25 | 31.1% | — | ||
| Q2 25 | 27.9% | — | ||
| Q1 25 | 27.8% | — | ||
| Q4 24 | 29.0% | — | ||
| Q3 24 | 28.7% | — | ||
| Q2 24 | 29.0% | — | ||
| Q1 24 | 25.9% | — |
| Q4 25 | -56.4% | 13.1% | ||
| Q3 25 | -10.8% | 33.2% | ||
| Q2 25 | 1.7% | 25.3% | ||
| Q1 25 | -2.3% | 25.9% | ||
| Q4 24 | -4.9% | 16.7% | ||
| Q3 24 | 5.1% | 32.6% | ||
| Q2 24 | 6.8% | 30.0% | ||
| Q1 24 | 3.7% | 25.6% |
| Q4 25 | -50.3% | 4.9% | ||
| Q3 25 | -17.7% | 21.9% | ||
| Q2 25 | 1.1% | 12.6% | ||
| Q1 25 | -1.8% | 16.3% | ||
| Q4 24 | -3.2% | 7.3% | ||
| Q3 24 | 3.2% | 21.1% | ||
| Q2 24 | 10.5% | 18.6% | ||
| Q1 24 | 1.2% | 16.1% |
| Q4 25 | $-4.76 | $0.38 | ||
| Q3 25 | $-2.09 | $1.54 | ||
| Q2 25 | $0.14 | $0.79 | ||
| Q1 25 | $-0.24 | $1.21 | ||
| Q4 24 | $-0.42 | $0.48 | ||
| Q3 24 | $0.42 | $1.39 | ||
| Q2 24 | $1.41 | $1.09 | ||
| Q1 24 | $0.16 | $1.03 |
Balance Sheet & Financial Strength
Snapshot of each company's liquidity, leverage and book value from the latest quarter.
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Cash + ST InvestmentsLiquidity on hand | $1.1B | $1.6B |
| Total DebtLower is stronger | $8.8B | $65.6B |
| Stockholders' EquityBook value | $14.8B | $36.0B |
| Total Assets | $38.0B | $155.7B |
| Debt / EquityLower = less leverage | 0.60× | 1.82× |
8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.
| Q4 25 | $1.1B | $1.6B | ||
| Q3 25 | $995.0M | $3.3B | ||
| Q2 25 | $1.1B | $1.3B | ||
| Q1 25 | $1.2B | $2.3B | ||
| Q4 24 | $1.2B | $1.1B | ||
| Q3 24 | $1.2B | $1.0B | ||
| Q2 24 | $1.0B | $1.2B | ||
| Q1 24 | $1.1B | $713.0M |
| Q4 25 | $8.8B | $65.6B | ||
| Q3 25 | $9.0B | $64.6B | ||
| Q2 25 | $9.7B | $63.0B | ||
| Q1 25 | $9.2B | $62.9B | ||
| Q4 24 | $5.4B | $58.8B | ||
| Q3 24 | $5.3B | $61.3B | ||
| Q2 24 | $5.3B | $59.9B | ||
| Q1 24 | $5.5B | $59.4B |
| Q4 25 | $14.8B | $36.0B | ||
| Q3 25 | $17.3B | $38.3B | ||
| Q2 25 | $18.6B | $37.3B | ||
| Q1 25 | $18.1B | $37.2B | ||
| Q4 24 | $8.2B | $33.2B | ||
| Q3 24 | $8.6B | $36.9B | ||
| Q2 24 | $8.6B | $36.1B | ||
| Q1 24 | $8.3B | $35.6B |
| Q4 25 | $38.0B | $155.7B | ||
| Q3 25 | $40.6B | $153.2B | ||
| Q2 25 | $42.4B | $148.9B | ||
| Q1 25 | $41.2B | $148.1B | ||
| Q4 24 | $22.8B | $145.2B | ||
| Q3 24 | $23.2B | $144.0B | ||
| Q2 24 | $23.1B | $141.9B | ||
| Q1 24 | $23.0B | $140.1B |
| Q4 25 | 0.60× | 1.82× | ||
| Q3 25 | 0.52× | 1.69× | ||
| Q2 25 | 0.52× | 1.69× | ||
| Q1 25 | 0.51× | 1.69× | ||
| Q4 24 | 0.66× | 1.77× | ||
| Q3 24 | 0.62× | 1.66× | ||
| Q2 24 | 0.62× | 1.66× | ||
| Q1 24 | 0.66× | 1.67× |
Cash Flow & Capital Efficiency
How much cash each business actually produces after reinvestment. Cash flow is harder to manipulate than net income.
| Metric | | |
|---|---|---|
| Operating Cash FlowLast quarter | $905.0M | $2.6B |
| Free Cash FlowOCF − Capex | $255.0M | $-1.7B |
| FCF MarginFCF / Revenue | 5.4% | -24.2% |
| Capex IntensityCapex / Revenue | 13.7% | 61.4% |
| Cash ConversionOCF / Net Profit | — | 7.62× |
| TTM Free Cash FlowTrailing 4 quarters | $-159.0M | $-2.9B |
8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.
| Q4 25 | $905.0M | $2.6B | ||
| Q3 25 | $605.0M | $3.8B | ||
| Q2 25 | $476.0M | $2.2B | ||
| Q1 25 | $-288.0M | $1.3B | ||
| Q4 24 | $397.0M | $2.2B | ||
| Q3 24 | $521.0M | $3.6B | ||
| Q2 24 | $365.0M | $2.7B | ||
| Q1 24 | $395.0M | $1.3B |
| Q4 25 | $255.0M | $-1.7B | ||
| Q3 25 | $150.0M | $559.0M | ||
| Q2 25 | $54.0M | $-619.0M | ||
| Q1 25 | $-618.0M | $-1.2B | ||
| Q4 24 | $137.0M | $-576.0M | ||
| Q3 24 | $309.0M | $1.3B | ||
| Q2 24 | $167.0M | $563.0M | ||
| Q1 24 | $144.0M | $-459.0M |
| Q4 25 | 5.4% | -24.2% | ||
| Q3 25 | 2.4% | 7.1% | ||
| Q2 25 | 0.8% | -8.9% | ||
| Q1 25 | -10.5% | -15.3% | ||
| Q4 24 | 3.0% | -9.1% | ||
| Q3 24 | 6.6% | 17.9% | ||
| Q2 24 | 3.5% | 8.7% | ||
| Q1 24 | 3.1% | -6.9% |
| Q4 25 | 13.7% | 61.4% | ||
| Q3 25 | 7.3% | 41.1% | ||
| Q2 25 | 6.2% | 40.2% | ||
| Q1 25 | 5.6% | 31.3% | ||
| Q4 24 | 5.7% | 43.4% | ||
| Q3 24 | 4.5% | 31.8% | ||
| Q2 24 | 4.2% | 32.9% | ||
| Q1 24 | 5.4% | 26.6% |
| Q4 25 | — | 7.62× | ||
| Q3 25 | — | 2.21× | ||
| Q2 25 | 6.35× | 2.48× | ||
| Q1 25 | — | 0.98× | ||
| Q4 24 | — | 4.66× | ||
| Q3 24 | 3.47× | 2.36× | ||
| Q2 24 | 0.73× | 2.23× | ||
| Q1 24 | 7.05× | 1.22× |
Financial Flow Comparison
Revenue → gross profit → operating profit → net profit for each company.
Revenue Breakdown by Segment
IP
| Other | $2.4B | 52% |
| DS Smith Packaging | $2.3B | 48% |
SO
| Other | $3.9B | 57% |
| Retail Electric Commercial | $1.6B | 23% |
| Natural Gas Distribution Residential | $689.0M | 10% |
| Natural Gas Distribution Transportation | $371.0M | 5% |
| Wholesale Non Affiliates | $123.0M | 2% |
| Natural Gas Distribution Other | $76.0M | 1% |
| Wholesale Electric Non PPA Revenues | $62.0M | 1% |
| Wholesale Affiliates | $55.0M | 1% |
| Retail Electric Other | $31.0M | 0% |
| Alternative Energy | $20.0M | 0% |
| Natural Gas Distribution Industrial | $15.0M | 0% |
