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Side-by-side financial comparison of Modular Medical, Inc. (MODD) and RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC (REFR). Click either name above to swap in a different company.

Modular Medical, Inc. is the larger business by last-quarter revenue ($108.0K vs $72.1K, roughly 1.5× RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC). RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC runs the higher net margin — -1061.5% vs -4878.7%, a 3817.2% gap on every dollar of revenue. On growth, Modular Medical, Inc. posted the faster year-over-year revenue change (18498.6% vs -59.5%). RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC produced more free cash flow last quarter ($-466.1K vs $-4.5M).

Varian Medical Systems is an American radiation oncology treatments and software maker based in Palo Alto, California. Their medical devices include linear accelerators (LINACs) and software for treating cancer and other medical conditions with radiotherapy, radiosurgery, proton therapy, and brachytherapy. The company supplies software for managing cancer clinics, radiotherapy centers, and medical oncology practices. Varian Medical Systems employs more than 7,100 people at manufacturing sites...

Research Frontiers is an American nanotechnology company based in Woodbury, New York that was founded by Robert Saxe in 1965 to develop light control technology from Polaroid known as smart glass. The company develops and licenses its patented SPD-SmartGlass technology. The company currently has six full-time employees.

MODD vs REFR — Head-to-Head

Bigger by revenue
MODD
MODD
1.5× larger
MODD
$108.0K
$72.1K
REFR
Growing faster (revenue YoY)
MODD
MODD
+18558.2% gap
MODD
18498.6%
-59.5%
REFR
Higher net margin
REFR
REFR
3817.2% more per $
REFR
-1061.5%
-4878.7%
MODD
More free cash flow
REFR
REFR
$4.0M more FCF
REFR
$-466.1K
$-4.5M
MODD

Income Statement — Q3 FY2024 vs Q4 FY2025

Metric
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Revenue
$108.0K
$72.1K
Net Profit
$-5.3M
$-765.6K
Gross Margin
Operating Margin
-4878.7%
-1072.5%
Net Margin
-4878.7%
-1061.5%
Revenue YoY
18498.6%
-59.5%
Net Profit YoY
-56.9%
-25.9%
EPS (diluted)
$-0.23
$-0.02

Green = leading value per metric. Periods may differ when fiscal calendars don't align.

8-Quarter Revenue & Profit Trend

Side-by-side quarterly history. Quarters aligned by calendar period so offset fiscal years line up.

Revenue
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$72.1K
Q3 25
$359.4K
Q2 25
$129.9K
Q1 25
$559.8K
Q4 24
$178.2K
Q3 24
$354.4K
Q2 24
$489.6K
Q1 24
$313.4K
Net Profit
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$-765.6K
Q3 25
$-298.5K
Q2 25
$-803.8K
Q1 25
$-177.7K
Q4 24
$-607.9K
Q3 24
$-166.8K
Q2 24
$-94.0K
Q1 24
$-442.6K
Operating Margin
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
-1072.5%
Q3 25
-84.6%
Q2 25
-627.5%
Q1 25
-42.8%
Q4 24
-350.4%
Q3 24
-65.4%
Q2 24
-23.7%
Q1 24
-149.9%
Net Margin
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
-1061.5%
Q3 25
-83.0%
Q2 25
-618.8%
Q1 25
-31.7%
Q4 24
-341.2%
Q3 24
-47.1%
Q2 24
-19.2%
Q1 24
-141.2%
EPS (diluted)
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$-0.02
Q3 25
$-0.01
Q2 25
$-0.02
Q1 25
$-0.01
Q4 24
$-0.03
Q3 24
$0.00
Q2 24
$0.00
Q1 24
$-0.01

Balance Sheet & Financial Strength

Snapshot of each company's liquidity, leverage and book value from the latest quarter.

Metric
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Cash + ST InvestmentsLiquidity on hand
$2.0M
$664.3K
Total DebtLower is stronger
Stockholders' EquityBook value
$3.8M
$933.6K
Total Assets
$6.2M
$2.3M
Debt / EquityLower = less leverage

8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.

Cash + ST Investments
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$664.3K
Q3 25
$1.1M
Q2 25
$1.3M
Q1 25
$1.4M
Q4 24
$2.0M
Q3 24
$1.6M
Q2 24
$1.9M
Q1 24
$2.1M
Stockholders' Equity
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$933.6K
Q3 25
$1.5M
Q2 25
$1.8M
Q1 25
$2.4M
Q4 24
$2.6M
Q3 24
$2.8M
Q2 24
$3.0M
Q1 24
$3.1M
Total Assets
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$2.3M
Q3 25
$2.8M
Q2 25
$3.2M
Q1 25
$3.8M
Q4 24
$4.0M
Q3 24
$3.0M
Q2 24
$3.4M
Q1 24
$3.5M

Cash Flow & Capital Efficiency

How much cash each business actually produces after reinvestment. Cash flow is harder to manipulate than net income.

Metric
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Operating Cash FlowLast quarter
$-4.0M
$-465.9K
Free Cash FlowOCF − Capex
$-4.5M
$-466.1K
FCF MarginFCF / Revenue
-4133.3%
-646.2%
Capex IntensityCapex / Revenue
462.0%
0.2%
Cash ConversionOCF / Net Profit
TTM Free Cash FlowTrailing 4 quarters
$-1.3M

8-quarter trend — quarters aligned by calendar period.

Operating Cash Flow
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$-465.9K
Q3 25
$-143.5K
Q2 25
$-78.4K
Q1 25
$-641.3K
Q4 24
$47.1K
Q3 24
$-257.9K
Q2 24
$-186.9K
Q1 24
$-391.1K
Free Cash Flow
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
$-466.1K
Q3 25
$-143.9K
Q2 25
$-78.5K
Q1 25
$-641.4K
Q4 24
$46.2K
Q3 24
$-258.5K
Q2 24
$-187.0K
Q1 24
$-391.2K
FCF Margin
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
-646.2%
Q3 25
-40.0%
Q2 25
-60.5%
Q1 25
-114.6%
Q4 24
25.9%
Q3 24
-72.9%
Q2 24
-38.2%
Q1 24
-124.8%
Capex Intensity
MODD
MODD
REFR
REFR
Q4 25
0.2%
Q3 25
0.1%
Q2 25
0.1%
Q1 25
0.0%
Q4 24
0.5%
Q3 24
0.2%
Q2 24
0.0%
Q1 24
0.0%

Financial Flow Comparison

Revenue → gross profit → operating profit → net profit for each company.

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