Biggest changeConsolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss December 31, 2022 2021 Revenue Sales $ 1,177 $ 48,021 Grant revenue 77,482 161,974 Total revenue 78,659 209,995 Cost of sales 690 57,690 Gross profit 77,969 152,305 Operating expenses Research and development 1,568,266 530,076 General and administrative 2,506,851 2,170,857 Total operating expenses 4,075,117 2,700,933 Operating loss (3,997,148 ) (2,548,628 ) Other (income) and expenses Interest and dividend income (44,879 ) (36,463 ) Other income - (190,193 ) Unrealized (gain)/loss on marketable equity securities (54,508 ) 43,078 Realized loss on marketable equity securities 106,324 - Change in fair value of convertible notes - 195,962 Loss on extinguishment of convertible notes - 934,257 Interest expense 90,748 208,289 Net loss (4,094,833 ) (3,703,558 ) Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities 22,451 - Total comprehensive loss $ (4,072,382 ) $ (3,703,558 ) Net loss per share - basic and diluted $ (0.34 ) $ (0.51 ) Weighted average common shares - basic and diluted 11,886,379 7,216,001 Revenues Our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2022, were $78,659 as compared to revenues of $209,995 during the year ended December 31, 2021, representing a decrease of $131,336, or 63%.
Biggest changeWhile these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1-A of Part I of this report. 44 Results of Operations Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: December 31, 2023 2022 Revenue Sales $ - $ 1,177 Grant revenue - 77,482 Total revenue - 78,659 Cost of sales - 690 Gross profit - 77,969 Operating expenses Research and development 2,253,354 1,568,266 General and administrative 3,479,155 2,506,851 Total operating expenses 5,732,509 4,075,117 Operating loss (5,732,509 ) (3,997,148 ) Other (income) and expenses Investment income (188,716 ) (44,879 ) Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities - (54,508 ) Realized loss on marketable equity securities - 106,324 Interest expense 83,798 90,748 Net loss (5,627,591 ) (4,094,833 ) Other comprehensive income Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities - 22,451 Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net loss (22,451 ) - Total comprehensive loss $ (5,650,042 ) $ (4,072,382 ) Net loss per share - basic and diluted $ (15.03 ) $ (12.38 ) Weighted average common shares - basic and diluted 374,484 330,648 Revenues Our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2023, were $0 as compared to revenues of $78,659 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $78,659, or 100%.
We leverage our expertise with True Single Molecule Sequencing (tSMS) technology enabling researchers and clinicians to contribute major advancements to scientific research and development. Our customers are primarily the early adopters of genomics technology and tSMS in academic research, biomarker discovery, and molecular diagnostic product development.
We leverage our expertise with True Single Molecule Sequencing (tSMS) technology enabling researchers and clinicians to contribute major advancements to scientific research and development. 43 Our customers are primarily the early adopters of genomics technology and tSMS in academic research, biomarker discovery, and molecular diagnostic product development.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, and related notes included elsewhere in this report.
While these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” within the Business& Market Information section of this report.
While these trends are important to understanding and evaluating our financial results, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto within the Consolidated Financial Statements section of this report, and trends discussed in “Risk Factors” within the Business section of this report.
As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be materially and adversely affected. 46
As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be materially and adversely affected. 49
We have periodically granted stock options and restricted stock awards to consultants for services, pursuant to our stock plans at the fair market value on the respective dates of grant. Should we terminate any of our consulting agreements, the unvested options underlying the agreements would be cancelled.
We recognize forfeitures related to stock-based awards as they occur. We have periodically granted stock options and restricted stock units to non-employees for services pursuant to ourstock plans at the fair market value on the respective dates of grant. Should we terminate any of our consulting agreements, the unvested options underlying the agreements would be cancelled.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets.
No such transaction occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. 47 Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets.
Net cash used provided by/used in investing activities Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to cash used in investing activities of approximately $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net cash provided by investing activities Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to approximately $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
JOBS Act Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
No such restricted stock units were granted during the year ended December 31, 2022. 48 JOBS Act Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards.
Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, inflation, increases in interest rates, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including resurgences and the emergence of new variants, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflict in the Ukraine.
Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, inflation, increases in interest rates, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflict in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Cash proceeds provided by (used in): Operating activities $ (3,662,568 ) $ (1,989,877 ) Investing activities 1,827,965 (5,990,912 ) Financing activities - 11,995,917 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (1,834,603 ) $ 4,015,128 Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $3.7 million and $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Cash proceeds provided by (used in): Operating activities $ (5,004,558 ) $ (3,662,568 ) Investing activities 4,057,625 1,827,965 Financing activities 1,460,399 - Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 513,466 $ (1,834,603 ) Net cash used in operating activities Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $5.0 million and $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The expected term of a stock option granted to employees and directors (including non-employee directors) is based on the average of the contractual term (generally 10 years) and the vesting period. For non-employee options, the expected term is the contractual term. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S.
Our expected stock price volatility assumption is based on the volatility of comparable public companies. The expected term of a stock option granted to employees and directors (including non-employee directors) is based on the average of the contractual term (generally 10 years) and the vesting period. For non-employee options, the expected term is the contractual term.
We incurred net losses of $4,094,833 and $3,703,558 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We had negative cash flow from operating activities of $3,662,568 and $1,989,877 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $18,508,684 as of December 31, 2022.
Results of operations We incurred net losses of $5,627,591 and $4,094,833 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We had negative cash flow from operating activities of $5,004,558 and $3,662,568 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $24,136,275 as of December 31, 2023.
The increase in operating spending was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we experienced an increase in our general and administrative spending since we became a public company in August 2021.
The increase in operating spending was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic, prior to the announcement of the proposed Merger. In addition, we experienced an increase in our general and administrative spending associated with legal, accounting, and consulting fees in connection with the proposed Merger with Lyneer.
The fair value of the stock-based awards is then expensed over the requisite service period, generally the vesting period, for each award. Our expected stock price volatility assumption is based on the volatility of comparable public companies.
The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of the awards is then expensed over the requisite service period, generally the vesting period, for each award as compensation expense.
For awards granted to consultants and non-employees, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the awards, which is generally the period services are rendered by such consultants and non-employees. We granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 1,085,000 and 100,000 shares of common stock in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For awards granted to non-employees, compensation expense is recognized over the service period. We granted stock options to purchase an aggregate of 13,550 and 27,125 shares of common stock in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We granted restricted stock units to purchase an aggregate of 13,825 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The fair value of stock option grants is estimated as of the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant.
Management routinely discusses the development, selection, and disclosure of each critical accounting estimates. Stock-based Compensation Our stock-based compensation program awards include stock options and restricted stock awards. The fair value of stock option grants is estimated as of the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
This increase in operating expenses was partially offset by the decrease in the interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 and the loss on extinguishment of the convertible notes in the year ended December 31, 2021 in the amount of $934,257. 41 Liquidity and Capital Resources The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
The increase in expenses was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic. We expect these expenditures to increase in 2023 and beyond as we increase our research and development efforts to pre-pandemic levels.
The increase in expenses was a result of our progressive return to research and development activities in relation to applications for our tSMS technology to pre-COVID-19 levels prior to entering into the Merger agreement with Lyneer.
We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Stock-based Compensation Our share-based compensation program grant awards include stock options and restricted stock awards to employees, directors and consultants.
We adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, which had no material impact on the our consolidated financial statements. We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements are expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Net cash provided by financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities was $0 and approximately $12.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This decrease was primarily attributable to the proceeds raised in our initial public offering on August 31, 2021, with no equity or debt proceeds raised during the year ended December 31, 2022.
The cash from the investing activities is primarily attributable to the sales and maturities of marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $1.5 million, and $0, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Gross Profit Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $77,969, as compared to gross profit of $152,305 for the year ended December 31, 2021, which represented a decrease of $74,336, or 49%, primarily due to the fact that we had lower product and services sales in 2022 due to our relocation to Billerica, Massachusetts as well as there was a decrease in grant revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. 40 Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $1,038,190, or 196%, from $530,076 for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $1,568,266 for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Gross Profit Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $0, as compared to gross profit of $77,969 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which represented a decrease of $77,969, or 100%, primarily due to the fact that we do not currently have any active grants under which we are providing services, nor have we sold any of our products to customers. 45 Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses increased by $685,088, or 44%, from $1,568,266 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2,253,354 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Treasury securities consistent with the life of the option. No dividend yield was assumed as we do not pay dividends on our common stock. We recognize forfeitures related to stock-based awards as they occur.
The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the life of the option. The expected dividend yield was set to zero as wedo not pay dividends on our common stock and there was no expectation of doing so as of the respective grant dates.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue included grant revenue of $77,482 and $1,177 from product sales, and no sales from research services as compared to the revenue during the year ended December 31, 2021 from product sales of $31,537, grants of $161,974 and $16,484 in sequencing services.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue included grant revenue of $77,482 and $1,177 from product sales. The decrease in revenue was due to the fact that we do not currently have any active grants under which we are providing services, nor have we sold any of our products to customers.
General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased by $335,994, or 15%, from $2,170,857 for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $2,506,851 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to increased operating expenses as a public company, including the addition of accounting, legal, insurance and audit related expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses increased by $972,304, or 39%, from $2,506,851 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $3,479,155 for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through equity and debt financings, as well as from modest sales of products and research services. As of December 31, 2022, and we had an accumulated deficit of $18,508,684.
The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were prepared under the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates that the Company will be able to realize assets and discharge liabilities in the normal course of business. 46 Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through equity and debt financings, as well as from modest sales of products and research services.
Net Loss Overall, the net loss increased by $391,275, or 11%, to $4,094,833 as compared to $3,703,558 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in net loss is primarily attributable to increased operating expenses as a public company and our progressive return to research and development activities to levels of pre-COVID-19 pandemic.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we also incurred $15,428 of interest expense related to our finance lease. Net Loss Overall, the net loss increased by $1,532,758, or 37%, to $5,627,591 as compared to $4,094,833 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase in net loss was primarily attributable to increased expenses associated with the Merger.