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What changed in HYSTER-YALE, INC.'s 10-K2022 vs 2023

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Paragraph-level year-over-year comparison of HYSTER-YALE, INC.'s 2022 and 2023 10-K annual filings, covering the Business, Risk Factors, Legal Proceedings, Cybersecurity, MD&A and Market Risk sections. Every new, removed and edited paragraph is highlighted side-by-side so you can see exactly what management changed in the 2023 report.

+239 added231 removedSource: 10-K (2024-02-27) vs 10-K (2023-02-27)

Top changes in HYSTER-YALE, INC.'s 2023 10-K

239 paragraphs added · 231 removed · 135 edited across 8 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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Biggest changeThe components of the Company's revenues were as follows for the year ended December 31: 2022 2021 2020 Lift trucks 73 % 73 % 76 % Parts 15 % 15 % 14 % Service, rental and other 7 % 6 % 5 % Bolzoni 5 % 6 % 5 % Nuvera less than 1% less than 1% less than 1% Sales of internal combustion engine lift trucks and electric lift trucks were approximately 43% and approximately 30% of annual revenues in 2022, respectively.
Biggest changeThe components of the Company's revenues were as follows for the year ended December 31: 2023 2022 2021 Lift trucks 74 % 73 % 73 % Parts 15 % 15 % 15 % Service, rental and other 6 % 7 % 6 % Bolzoni 5 % 5 % 6 % Nuvera less than 1% less than 1% less than 1% Sales of internal combustion engine and electric lift trucks as a percentage of the Company's revenues were as follows for the year ended December 31: 2023 2022 2021 Internal combustion 44 % 43 % 42 % Electric 30 % 30 % 31 % Total lift truck sales 74 % 73 % 73 % Manufacturing and Assembly The Company manufactures components, such as frames, masts and transmissions, and assembles lift trucks in the market of sale whenever practical to minimize freight cost and balance currency mix.
("Hyster-Yale Maximal"), a Chinese manufacturer of low-intensity and standard lift trucks and specialized material handling equipment. Hyster-Yale Maximal also designs and produces specialized products in the port equipment and rough terrain forklift markets. Lift trucks and component parts are manufactured in the United States, China, Northern Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Brazil, the Philippines, Italy, Japan and Vietnam.
("Hyster-Yale Maximal"), a Chinese manufacturer of low-intensity and standard lift trucks and specialized material handling equipment. Hyster-Yale Maximal also designs and produces specialized products in the port equipment and rough terrain forklift markets. Lift trucks and component parts are manufactured in the United States, Northern Ireland, China, Mexico, the Netherlands, Brazil, the Philippines, Italy, Japan and Vietnam.
A significant raw material required by the Company's manufacturing operations is steel, which is generally purchased from steel producing companies in the geographic area near each of the Company's manufacturing facilities. Other significant components for the Company's lift trucks are engines, axles, brakes, transmissions, batteries and chargers.
Steel is a significant raw material required by the Company's manufacturing operations and is generally purchased from steel producing companies in the geographic area near each of the Company's manufacturing facilities. Other significant components for the Company's lift trucks are engines, axles, brakes, transmissions, batteries and chargers.
The Company has a contractual relationship with a third-party, multi-brand, aftermarket parts wholesaler in the Americas and EMEA whereby orders from the Company's dealers for parts for lift trucks are fulfilled by the third party who then pays the Company a commission.
The Company has a contractual relationship with a third-party, multi-brand, aftermarket parts wholesaler in the Americas and EMEA whereby orders from the Company's dealers for parts are fulfilled by the third party who then pays the Company a commission.
The Company, headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, through HYG, designs, engineers, manufactures, sells and services a comprehensive line of lift trucks, attachments and aftermarket parts marketed globally, primarily under the Hyster ® and Yale ® brand names, mainly to independent Hyster ® and Yale ® retail dealerships. The Company owns a 90% majority interest in Hyster-Yale Maximal Forklift (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd.
Through HYG, the Company designs, engineers, manufactures, sells and services a comprehensive line of lift trucks, attachments and aftermarket parts marketed globally, primarily under the Hyster ® and Yale ® brand names, mainly to independent Hyster ® and Yale ® retail dealerships. The Company owns a 90% majority interest in Hyster-Yale Maximal Forklift (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd.
The Company's aftermarket parts offerings compete with parts manufactured by other lift truck manufacturers, as well as companies that focus solely on the sale of generic parts. 3 Table of Contents The use of fuel-cell technology in industrial and commercial applications is a relatively new development.
The Company's aftermarket parts offerings compete with parts manufactured by other lift truck manufacturers, as well as companies that focus solely on the sale of generic parts. The use of fuel-cell technology in industrial and commercial applications is a relatively new development.
In substantially all of these transactions, a perfected security interest is maintained in the lift trucks financed, so that in the event 2 Table of Contents of a default, the Company has the ability to take title to the assets financed and sell it through the Hyster ® or Yale ® dealer network.
In substantially all of these transactions, a perfected security interest is maintained in the lift trucks financed, so that in the event of a default, the Company has the ability to take title to the assets financed and sell it through the Hyster ® or Yale ® dealer network.
This program focuses on large customers with centralized purchasing and geographically dispersed operations in multiple dealer territories. This program accounted for 17%, 20% and 23% of new lift truck unit volume in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The independent dealers support these major customers by providing aftermarket parts and service on a local basis.
This program focuses on large customers with centralized purchasing and geographically dispersed operations in multiple dealer territories. This program accounted for 19%, 17% and 20% of new lift truck unit volume in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The independent dealers support these major customers by providing aftermarket parts and service on a local basis.
During 2022, the agreement was amended to extend the term through December 2028 and automatically renews for additional one-year terms unless written notice is given by either party at least 180 days prior to termination. The Company accounts for its ownership of HYGFS using the equity method of accounting.
During 2022, the agreement was amended to extend the term through December 2028. The agreement automatically renews for additional one-year terms 2 Table of Contents unless written notice is given by either party at least 180 days prior to termination. The Company accounts for its ownership of HYGFS using the equity method of accounting.
While most components are available from numerous sources or in quantities sufficient to meet requirements, the Company has experienced and may continue to experience significant shortages of key components for certain products, which has negatively affected production levels.
Although most components are available from numerous sources or in quantities sufficient to meet requirements, the Company has experienced and may continue to experience significant shortages of key components for certain products, which has negatively affected and may in the future negatively affect production levels.
In addition, the Company distributes aftermarket parts and service for its lift trucks through its independent dealers.
In addition, the Company distributes aftermarket parts and services for its lift trucks through its independent dealers.
The Company also contracts with SN for engineering design services on a cost plus basis and charges SN for technology used by SN but developed by the Company. During 2022, SN sold approximately 8,000 lift trucks. Human Capital Resources As of January 31, 2023, the Company had approximately 8,200 employees.
The Company also contracts with SN for engineering design services on a cost plus basis and charges SN for technology used by SN but developed by the Company. During 2023, SN sold approximately 8,000 lift trucks. 4 Table of Contents Human Capital Resources As of January 31, 2024, the Company had approximately 8,600 employees.
The Company sells Hyster ® - and Yale ® -branded aftermarket parts to dealers for Hyster ® and Yale ® lift trucks. The Company also sells aftermarket parts under the UNISOURCE™ and PREMIER™ brands to Hyster ® and Yale ® dealers for the service of 1 Table of Contents competitor lift trucks.
The Company also sells aftermarket parts under the UNISOURCE™ and PREMIER™ brands to Hyster ® and Yale ® dealers for the service of competitor lift trucks.
In addition, the Company depends on a limited number of suppliers for some of the Company's crucial components, including diesel and gasoline engines, which are supplied by, among others, Power Solutions International, Inc., Kubota Corp., and Cummins Inc., drive-system components, which are supplied by, among others, Dana Corporation and ZF Company, and cast-iron counterweights used to counter balance some lift trucks, which are obtained from, among others, North Vernon Industry Corp. and Eagle Quest International Ltd.
In addition, the Company depends on a limited number of suppliers for some of the Company's crucial components, including diesel and gasoline engines, which are supplied by, among others, Power Solutions International, Inc., Yanmar Power Technology Co., LTD. and Kubota Corp., drive-system components, which are supplied by, among others, Dana Corporation, ZF Company and Zapi Inc., and cast-iron counterweights used to counter balance some lift trucks, which are obtained from, among others, Eagle Quest International Ltd. and BTS5 Incorporated.
Competition in the materials handling industry is intense and is based primarily on strength and quality of distribution, brand loyalty, customer service, new lift truck sales prices, availability of products and aftermarket parts, comprehensive product line offerings, product performance, product quality and features and the cost of ownership over the life of the lift truck.
Competition in the lift truck industry is based primarily on strength and quality of dealers, brand loyalty, customer service, new lift truck sales prices, availability of products and aftermarket parts, comprehensive product line offerings, product performance, quality and innovation, including features, and the cost of ownership over the life of the lift truck.
Backlog The following table outlines the Company's backlog of unfilled orders placed with its manufacturing and assembly operations for new lift trucks: December 31, 2022 September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Units (in thousands) 102.1 108.2 105.3 Backlog, approximate sales value (in millions) $ 3,730 $ 3,700 $ 2,880 As of December 31, 2022, the Company expects substantially all of its backlog of unfilled orders placed with its manufacturing and assembly operations for new lift trucks to be sold during the next twelve months.
Backlog The following table outlines the Company's backlog of unfilled orders placed with its manufacturing and assembly operations for new lift trucks: December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Units (in thousands) 78.4 85.3 102.1 Backlog, approximate sales value (in millions) $ 3,330 $ 3,540 $ 3,730 As of December 31, 2023, the Company expects substantially all of its backlog of unfilled orders placed with its manufacturing and assembly operations for new lift trucks to be sold during the next twelve months.
Key Suppliers and Raw Materials The Company has experienced and may continue to experience significant increases in material costs, primarily as a result of global price increases in industrial metals, including steel, lead and copper and other commodity products, such as rubber, as a result of increased demand and limited supply.
Key Suppliers and Raw Materials During 2022 and 2021, the Company experienced significant increases in material costs, primarily from global price increases for industrial metals, including steel, lead and copper and other commodity products, such as rubber, as a result of increased demand and limited supply.
The Company’s contract with the Mexican union expires annually in March, at which time salaries are negotiated for the following year. Benefits in Mexico are negotiated every other year.
The Company’s contracts with the Brazilian unions expire annually at which time salaries and certain benefits are negotiated for the following year. In Mexico, certain employees are unionized. The Company’s contract with the Mexican union expires annually in March, at which time salaries are negotiated for the following year. Benefits in Mexico are negotiated every other year.
Given the fixed pricing of a significant portion of the current backlog, while the Company attempts to pass these increased costs along to its customers in the form of higher prices for its products, it may not be able to fully offset the increased costs of industrial metals and other commodities due to overall market conditions and the lag time involved in implementing price increases for its products.
However, given a certain portion of the Company's current backlog is subject to fixed pricing, it may not be able to fully offset the increased market-based costs of industrial metals and other commodities due to overall market conditions and the lag time involved in implementing price increases for its products.
In the future, to the extent the Company is affected by trade disputes with other foreign jurisdictions, and increased tariffs are levied on its goods or the materials the Company purchases, its results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
In the future, the Company's results of operations may be materially adversely affected to the extent the Company is affected by trade disputes with other foreign jurisdictions, and increased tariffs are levied on its goods or the materials the Company purchases. 3 Table of Contents Competition The Company is one of the leaders in the lift truck industry with respect to market share in the Americas and worldwide.
Regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have issued or proposed various regulations and directives designed to reduce emissions from spark-ignited engines and diesel engines used in off-road vehicles, such as industrial lift trucks.
The Company’s products may also be subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing vehicle exhaust. Regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have issued or proposed various regulations and directives designed to reduce emissions from spark-ignited engines and diesel engines used in off-road vehicles, such as industrial lift trucks.
The Company’s end-user base is diverse and fragmented, including, among others, light and heavy manufacturers, trucking and automotive companies, rental companies, building materials and paper suppliers, lumber, metal products, warehouses, retailers, food and beverage distributors, container handling companies and U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies. Independent Dealers The Company’s dealers, located in 127 countries, are generally independently owned and operated.
The Company’s end-user base is diverse and fragmented, including but not limited to the following industries: light and heavy manufacturers, trucking and automotive, rental, building materials and paper suppliers, lumber, metal products, warehouses, retailers, food and beverage distributors, container handling and U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies.
The Company considers its employees as a primary focus area of corporate responsibility. The Company's priority on people focuses on five main areas: occupational health and safety, employment, training and education, diversity and equal opportunity and engagement with local communities. Occupational Health & Safety Strong health and safety performance is essential to the success of the Company.
The Company's priority on people focuses on five main areas: occupational health and safety, employment, diversity and equal opportunity, training and education and engagement with local communities. Occupational Health & Safety A robust focus on health and safety performance is a fundamental driver of the Company’s achievements.
If the Company fails to comply with these laws or its environmental permits, it could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, operational disruptions, fines and civil and criminal sanctions. In addition, future changes to environmental laws could require the Company to incur significant additional expense or restrict operations.
The Company’s policies stress compliance, and the Company believes it is currently in substantial compliance with existing environmental laws. If the Company fails to comply with these laws or its environmental permits, it could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, operational disruptions, fines and civil and criminal sanctions.
Item 1. BUSINESS General Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc. ("Hyster-Yale" or the "Company") and its subsidiaries, including its operating company Hyster-Yale Group, Inc. ("HYG"), is a leading, globally integrated, full-line lift truck manufacturer.
Item 1. BUSINESS General Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc. ("Hyster-Yale" or the "Company") and its subsidiaries, including its operating company Hyster-Yale Group, Inc. ("HYG"), is a globally integrated company offering a full line of high-quality, application-tailored lift trucks and solutions aimed at meeting the specific materials handling needs of its customers.
The following table summarizes the Company's dealers as of December 31, 2022: Hyster ® Yale ® Dual-Branded Maximal ® Americas 12 24 33 15 EMEA 58 63 18 13 JAPIC 78 9 4 12 148 96 55 40 Global Accounts The Company operates a direct sales program to major customers for both Hyster ® and Yale ® .
The following table summarizes the Company's dealers as of December 31, 2023: Hyster ® Yale ® Dual-Branded Maximal ® Americas 12 22 33 15 EMEA 59 52 16 22 JAPIC 72 10 4 14 143 84 53 51 Global Accounts The Company operates a direct sales program to major customers or global accounts for both Hyster ® and Yale ® .
The Company offers a broad array of solutions aimed at meeting the specific materials handling needs of its customers, including attachments and hydrogen fuel cell power products, telematics, automation and fleet management services, as well as a variety of other power options for its lift trucks.
The Company's solutions include attachments and hydrogen fuel cell power products, telematics, automation and fleet management services, as well as a variety of other power options for its lift trucks. The Company is headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio.
Additionally, components and assembled lift trucks are exported when it is advantageous to meet demand in certain markets. The Company operates eleven lift truck manufacturing and assembly facilities worldwide with four plants in the Americas, three in EMEA and four in JAPIC, including joint venture operations. In addition, the Company operates six principal Bolzoni manufacturing facilities worldwide.
The Company operates eleven lift truck manufacturing and assembly facilities worldwide with four plants in the Americas, three in EMEA and four in JAPIC, including joint venture operations.
Aftermarket Parts The Company offers a line of aftermarket parts to service its large installed base of lift trucks currently in use in the industry. The Company offers online technical reference databases specifying the required aftermarket parts to service lift trucks and an aftermarket parts ordering system.
The Company offers online technical reference databases specifying the required aftermarket parts to service lift trucks and an aftermarket parts ordering system. The Company sells Hyster ® - and Yale ® -branded aftermarket parts to dealers for Hyster ® and Yale ® lift trucks.
Based on current information, the Company does not expect compliance with environmental requirements to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. The Company’s products may also be subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing vehicle exhaust.
In addition, future changes to environmental laws could require the Company to incur significant additional expense or restrict operations. Based on current information, the Company does not expect compliance with environmental requirements to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
The employees are distributed among each of the Company's businesses as follows: Lift Truck 6,700 Bolzoni 1,300 Nuvera 200 4 Table of Contents Certain employees in the Danville, Illinois parts depot operations are unionized. The Company’s contract with the Danville union expires in June 2024.
The employees are distributed among each of the Company's businesses as follows: Lift Truck 7,200 Bolzoni 1,200 Nuvera 200 Certain employees in the Danville, Illinois parts depot operations are unionized. The Danville union contract expires every three years at which time salaries, certain employee policies and a limited number of benefits are negotiated for the following three-year period.
The Company has established specific cost-effective corporate goals through its 2026 Vision program that are expected to reduce its impact on the environment and conserve natural resources. All of this is being carried out in the context of its leadership in electric forklift and fuel cell markets which have a significant positive environmental impact.
The Company has established specific cost-effective corporate projects through its 2026 Aspirations program that are expected to reduce its impact on the environment and conserve natural resources. The Company considers its employees a primary focus area of corporate responsibility.
All other employees at the Company's facilities in the United States are not represented by unions. In Brazil, all employees are represented by a union. The Company’s contracts with the Brazilian unions expire annually at which time salaries and certain benefits are negotiated for the following year. In Mexico, certain employees are unionized.
The Company’s contract with the Danville union expires in June 2024. Generally, employee benefits for Danville union employees are aligned with non-union U.S. employees. All other employees at the Company's facilities in the United States are not represented by unions. In Brazil, all employees are represented by a union.
Training and Education The Company encourages employees to pursue professional and personal development through training and educational opportunities such as the Company's "Learning and Development Guide" and "Hyster-Yale Learning Center." Each employee is provided access to the guide and the digital learning platform providing a wide variety of development 5 Table of Contents opportunities with little or no cost to employees.
Each employee is provided access to this guide and to a digital learning platform, receiving a detailed overview of the wide variety of development opportunities available to all employees at little or no cost to them. The Company's dedication to the growth and advancement of its employees is emphasized in the Performance Management Program ("PMP").
All Company personnel, contractors and suppliers are required to adhere to the following guidelines: comply with applicable environmental, health and safety requirements; advise supervisors of any potential environmental or safety hazards; keep all work areas free from environmental, health and safety hazards; and fulfill compliance obligations of the Company and government agencies.
The Company's strategy comprises three key tenants: comply with all applicable environmental and health and safety requirements; keep all work areas free from environmental health and safety hazards; and comply with reporting requirements of the Company and government agencies 6 Table of Contents The Company strives to efficiently manage operational energy use and mitigate the carbon footprint across global operations.
Manufacturing and Assembly The Company manufactures components, such as frames, masts and transmissions, and assembles lift trucks in the market of sale whenever practical to minimize freight cost and balance currency mix. In some instances, however, it utilizes one worldwide location to manufacture specific components or assemble specific lift trucks.
In some instances, however, it utilizes one worldwide location to manufacture specific components or assemble specific lift trucks. Additionally, components and assembled lift trucks are exported when it is advantageous to meet demand in certain markets.
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Competition The Company is one of the leaders in the lift truck industry with respect to market share in the Americas and worldwide.
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In addition, the Company operates six principal Bolzoni manufacturing facilities worldwide. 1 Table of Contents Aftermarket Parts The Company offers a line of aftermarket parts to service its large installed base of lift trucks currently in use in the industry.
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The framework includes the monitoring and measurement of key performance indicators as the Company strives to ensure the health and safety of employees. The Company believes injury and illness should be avoided, and requires all employees to be effectively trained and responsible for the assurance of safety on a daily basis.
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Independent Dealers The Company’s dealers, located in 123 countries, are generally independently owned and operated.
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Employees are encouraged to initiate safety improvements, participate in safety committees and reinforce safety behaviors at all times. The Company is striving to reduce the injury and illness rates in its global operations to zero by 2026. The Company's most recent metrics from 2020 showed an approximately 10% reduction in the injury and illness rates from the 2015 baseline.
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During 2023 the Company experienced declines in some material costs which helped sustain the Company's strong margin position, however ongoing volatility in global markets and the impact on demand and supply may result in unanticipated cost increases for our product.
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In February 2020, a global task force was put into place with leaders from across the Company’s global footprint to better monitor and respond to the escalating health crisis.
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The Company attempts to pass these increased costs along to its customers in the form of higher prices for its products.
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Since that time, this group has met consistently to focus on and establish appropriate protocols to protect the health and well-being of our employees and the various external parties that interact with our Company, as well as monitor the ongoing challenges and demands of the business.
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Within the “Safety First” framework, there is diligent oversight and assessment of key performance indicators, a testament to the Company's dedication to safeguarding the holistic well-being of our workforce. The Company's safety aspiration is for zero occupational injury or illness rates, based on the philosophy that all such injuries and illnesses are preventable.
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The Company’s protocols have and continue to be guided by the guidance of the World Health Organization, the Center for Disease Control, Federal/State Occupational Safety, and other governmental and health authorities. The Company provided support and resources to our dealer network and customers to aid them in their response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The Company requires comprehensive training and accountability from all employees to uphold safety as a daily priority. The Company's workforce is empowered to initiate safety improvements, engage in safety committees and reinforce safety behaviors at all times. The Company recognizes that employees engaged in the work are the most knowledgeable about associated risks.
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This included tools, materials, and training through our "Dealer Portal," connections with leadership teams, and regular and consistent communications. An example of the programs provided was the development and launch of "HY-Shield Clean," a lift truck sanitization program designed to help keep facility personnel safe during operation of lift trucks, including daily operation and service calls.
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Therefore, the Company requires that the local safety/environmental improvement teams contain employee representatives reflective of their workforce, including hourly employees.
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This was launched to help customers deal with fast changing conditions and maintain operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employment The Company recognizes the sustainability of its culture and success is strengthened when employees are respected, motivated and engaged. The Company works to match employees with assignments to capitalize on the skills, talents and potential of each employee.
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As expressed in the Global Environmental/Occupational Health and Safety Policy, the Company considers environmental protection, occupational health and safety and site security to be paramount to our employees, contractors and visitors and seeks to minimize and control risks to people and the environment and do so by participating in industry standard third-party certifications.
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The Company maintains seven core competencies for all employees: be innovative, be strategic, engage others, demonstrate presence, drive for results, develop and empower, and demonstrate business acumen.
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Furthermore, the Company's facilities undergo annual internal inspections against our environmental, occupational health and safety and security standards. Employment The Company thrives when employees feel valued, motivated and involved. Knowing this, the Company actively seeks to align our employees with fulfilling and impactful tasks which leverage their skills, talent and potential.
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In addition, many of our employees are required to complete annual Code of Corporate Conduct training and regular cybersecurity training.
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The Company is committed to investing in initiatives for recruitment and talent development aimed at attracting and retaining a diverse, competent and qualified pool of skilled individuals.
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Diversity and Equal Opportunity The Company believes in hiring, engaging, developing and promoting people who are fully able to meet the demands of each position, regardless of race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, veteran status or disability. The Company conducts surveys to monitor its performance in these areas.
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Some of the employment initiatives offered include various training opportunities, an educational assistance program, competitive wage and benefit programs, promotion of diversity and inclusion initiatives, a wellness program and cultivation of an energetic corporate atmosphere.
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The Company sponsors several employee resource groups that support employees, including the HYG Women's Network, the Veteran's Network and the Young Professional Network. Engagement with Local Communities As a major employer within many of our operating locations, the Company supports its local communities and is committed to helping them remain safe, healthy and resilient.
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In each country where the Company operates, the Company reviews the competitive markets to develop comprehensive benefits packages that address health and well-being, such as medical, dental and vision coverages; financial security programs such as retirement and savings plans; paid time off for vacation and holiday time and more. 5 Table of Contents Diversity and Equal Opportunity The Company is dedicated to fostering a respectful and inclusive work environment.
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The Company's past activities include corporate donations, volunteerism and education. Environmental Health and Safety Responsibility The Company is committed to accomplishing its business objectives in a manner that complies with its environmental health and safety obligations and requires all Company personnel to be responsible for their assurance, as outlined in the Code of Corporate Conduct.
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The aspiration is for every employee and potential employee to be treated with dignity and fairness, free from any discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation or disability. The Company firmly stands against inappropriate behavior or remarks in the workplace.
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In 2016, the Company established its 2026 Vision Program which, in part, established programs to be cost effectively achieved compared with a 2015 baseline as follows: • strive to reduce carbon emission; • strive to reduce volatile organic compound ("VOC") emissions from painting operations; • strive to achieve zero waste to landfills at all sites; • strive to reduce hazardous waste; • strive to mitigate our waste footprint across all aspects of our value chain by reducing, reusing and recycling effluents and waste; • strive to reduce water consumption; and • strive to offer alternatives that enable customers to cost-effectively reduce carbon emissions.
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This includes conduct that creates a hostile or offensive atmosphere, disrupts work performance or harms employment opportunities. All forms of harassment, including sexual, verbal, physical or visual, are strictly prohibited. The Anti-Harassment and Anti-Discrimination Policy is a key component of the Company's Corporate Compliance Program.
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The Company continu es to res ponsibly manage products and packaging to make further progress with the projects set forth in the 2026 Vision Program. Although the Company has generally made progress, year over year progress was limited by COVID-19 labor shortages and supply chain disruption from 2019 to 2022.
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The Company recognizes the importance of different voices and experiences in steering our growth and innovation forward. The Company continues to develop our female employees through our Leadership Exploration and Development (LEAD) program, which is an eight-month program empowering women with skills and mindset for impactful leadership.
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The Company manages its compliance with government and industry product safety information. The majority of new products follow a structured and rigorous six-stage development process, with lift truck production taking place within ISO- and OHSAS-certified manufacturing sites. Each of the Company's manufacturing sites uses rigorous processes and testing to ensure that its products meet or exceed application requirements.
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Through interactive sessions, readings and reflective activities, participants develop a comprehensive understanding of their strengths and learn to lead with clarity, courage, compassion and a strong business acumen. Attendees are nominated based on their current roles as well as their potential for leadership, their career goals and aspirations as well as other key criteria.
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The Company’s supply network includes both large international suppliers as well as smaller specialized providers, all of which are required to meet the stringent requirements outlined in the Company’s Supplier Quality Manual and Code of Corporate Conduct for Business Partners.
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The Company also maintains several Employee Resource Groups ("ERG"), such as the W41 Women’s Network, HYG Veterans Group, Emerging Professionals Network, Green Team and the Young Professionals Network. These groups are employee-led and employee-run which promote diversity by bringing together employees who share similar interests or affinities.
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As part of the Company’s supplier screening process, all direct materials suppliers are required to ensure that they and their suppliers are compliant with The Company’s UK Modern Slavery and Forced Labor Statements, Conflict Minerals Policy and Supplier Expectations Manual and applicable data privacy and environmental laws.
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They offer access to resources, development and leadership opportunities, and are designed to leverage the individual talents, perspectives and experiences of employees to support an inclusive workplace environment. All regular, full-time employees are eligible to join any ERG. Furthermore, each ERG must have a leadership sponsor who provides guidance and feedback on the group’s strategies and objectives.
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The Company's ownership of Nuvera is considered a transformational opportunity to be a global leader in a key emerging technology with the potential for zero emissions that can also provide enhanced productivity for heavy-duty motive power applications and for certain forklift truck applications.
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Training and Education The Company believes in the 70/20/10 Model of Employee Development, where 70% of development occurs through on-the-job experiences, 20% is learned from others and 10% is through formal training. The Company also believes in developing its existing employee base, seeking to retain the best and brightest talent.
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The objective for Nuvera is to be the preferred provider of heavy-duty fuel cell engines for zero-emissions mobility customers.
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Therefore, employees are encouraged to seek out a mix of opportunities to enhance their professional and personal growth. A multitude of training and educational opportunities are offered through the Company's Learning and Development Guide and the Hyster-Yale Learning Center.
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Global interest in clean energy, as well as strong interest in Nuvera products by third parties, is increasingly supporting the achievement of this objective. 6 Table of Contents In recognition of continued leadership in supplier sustainability initiatives, the Company's Hyster ® brand was listed as an Inbound Logistics’ top 75 Green Supply Chain Partners for the tenth consecutive year due largely to its lithium-ion and hydrogen fuel cell power systems and telemetry solutions.
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This program harmonizes individual performance with business objectives, creating a platform for employees to make meaningful contributions to the organization through ongoing feedback and development while ultimately driving outstanding business outcomes. The PMP encourages employee reviews in a structured manner that allows for the employee and their manager to reflect upon and discuss progress at mid-year and at year-end.
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Environmental Matters The Company’s manufacturing operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the management and disposal of hazardous substances. The Company’s policies stress compliance, and the Company believes it is currently in substantial compliance with existing environmental laws.
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All salaried employees participate in the program, and the Company is piloting the program with hourly employees. Engagement with Local Communities The Company believes it has a civic obligation to support educational and charitable causes.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

33 edited+11 added1 removed53 unchanged
Biggest changeIf these information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption, breach, or shutdown, and business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, there could be a negative impact on operating results or the Company may suffer financial or reputational damage.
Biggest changeIf, in the future, the Company’s or a third party’s information systems suffer severe damage, disruption, breach, or shutdown, and business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, then the Company could be subject to litigation with third parties, government enforcement actions, penalties, disruption to operations and product systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, corruption of data, or remediation costs, which could result in a negative impact on the Company’s operating results, financial condition or reputation.
Because the Company conducts transactions in various currencies, including euros, U.S. dollars, Japanese yen, British pounds, Chinese renminbi, Mexican pesos, Swedish kroner and Australian dollars, lift truck pricing is subject to the effects of fluctuations in the value of these currencies and fluctuations in the related currency exchange rates.
Because the Company conducts transactions in various currencies, including euros, Japanese yen, U.S. dollars, Chinese renminbi, British pounds, Swedish kroner, Mexican pesos and Australian dollars, lift truck pricing is subject to the effects of fluctuations in the value of these currencies and fluctuations in the related currency exchange rates.
Any downturn in the general economy could result in significant decreases in the Company's revenue and profitability and an inability to sustain or grow the business. The Company's lift truck business historically has been cyclical.
The lift truck business is cyclical. Any downturn in the general economy could result in significant decreases in the Company's revenue and profitability and an inability to sustain or grow the business. The Company's lift truck business historically has been cyclical.
The Company uses information technology systems to record, process and summarize financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting and legal and tax requirements.
The Company uses information systems to record, process and summarize financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting and legal and tax requirements.
Competition in the lift truck industry is based primarily on strength and quality of dealers, brand loyalty, customer service, new lift truck sales prices, availability of products and aftermarket parts, comprehensive product line offerings, product performance, product quality and features and the cost of ownership over the life of the lift truck.
Competition in the lift truck industry is based primarily on strength and quality of dealers, brand loyalty, customer service, new lift truck sales prices, availability of products and aftermarket parts, comprehensive product line offerings, product performance, quality and innovation, including features, and the cost of ownership over the life of the lift truck.
Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of international trade, and in particular increased trade restrictions, tariffs or taxes on imports from countries where the Company manufactures products could have a material adverse impact on the Company's business and financial results. Part of the strategy to expand worldwide market share is strengthening the Company's non-U.S. distribution network.
Changes in laws or policies governing the terms of international trade, and in particular increased trade restrictions, tariffs or taxes on imports from countries where the Company manufactures products could have a material adverse impact on the Company's business and financial results. 8 Table of Contents Part of the strategy to expand worldwide market share is strengthening the Company's non-U.S. distribution network.
If the Company suffers a liquidity shortage, the Company may be forced to reduce production levels, reduce planned capital investments, reduce workforce, decrease or suspend planned dividends, or adopt other measures. 7 Table of Contents The cost of raw materials used by the Company's products has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate, which could materially reduce the Company's profitability.
If the Company suffers a liquidity shortage, the Company may be forced to reduce production levels, reduce planned capital investments, reduce workforce, decrease or suspend planned dividends, or adopt other measures. The cost of raw materials used by the Company's products has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate, which could materially reduce the Company's profitability.
Because certain members of the Company’s extended founding family could prevent other stockholders from exercising significant influence over significant corporate actions, the Company may be a less attractive takeover target, which could adversely affect the market price of its common stock. 11 Table of Contents Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None.
Because certain members of the Company’s extended founding family could prevent other stockholders from exercising significant influence over significant corporate actions, the Company may be a less attractive takeover target, which could adversely affect the market price of its common stock. Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None.
Furthermore, the Company may be forced to take additional cost saving steps that could result in additional charges that materially adversely affect the ability to compete or implement the Company's current business strategies. The Company is subject to recourse or repurchase obligations with respect to the financing arrangements of some of its customers.
Furthermore, the Company may be forced to 10 Table of Contents take additional cost saving steps that could result in additional charges that materially adversely affect the ability to compete or implement the Company's current business strategies. The Company is subject to recourse or repurchase obligations with respect to the financing arrangements of some of its customers.
Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to cast ten votes per share and, as of December 31, 2022, accounted for the remaining voting power of the Company.
Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to cast ten votes per share and, as of December 31, 2023, accounted for the remaining voting power of the Company.
The Company has experienced and may continue to experience significant increases in materials costs, primarily as a result of inflationary pressures and global increases in industrial metals, including steel, lead and copper and other commodity prices, such as rubber, as a result of increased demand and limited supply.
The Company has experienced and may continue to experience significant increases in materials costs, primarily as a result of inflationary pressures and global increases in the costs of industrial metals, including steel, lead and copper and other commodities, such as rubber, as a result of increased demand and limited supply.
On the basis of this common stock ownership, certain members of the Company’s extended founding family could have exercised 73 percent of the Company’s total voting power.
On the basis of this common stock ownership, certain members of the Company’s extended founding family could have exercised 77 percent of the Company’s total voting power.
Customs and Border Protection under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. While most components are available from numerous sources or in quantities sufficient to meet requirements, the Company has experienced significant shortages of key components for certain products which has negatively affected production levels.
Customs and Border Protection under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Although most components are available from numerous sources or in quantities sufficient to meet requirements, the Company has experienced significant shortages of key components for certain products which has negatively affected and may in the future negatively affect production levels.
The Company has two classes of common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to cast one vote per share and, as of December 31, 2022, accounted for approximately 26 percent of the voting power of the Company.
The Company has two classes of common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to cast one vote per share and, as of December 31, 2023, accounted for approximately 28 percent of the voting power of the Company.
Generally, the Company maintains a perfected security interest in the assets financed such that, in the event the Company 9 Table of Contents becomes obligated under the terms of the recourse or repurchase obligations, it may take title to the assets financed.
Generally, the Company maintains a perfected security interest in the related assets financed such that, in the event the Company becomes obligated under the terms of the recourse or repurchase obligations, it may take title to the assets financed.
For some of these arrangements, the Company provides recourse or repurchase obligations such that it would become obligated in the event of default by the dealer or customer. Total amounts subject to these types of obligations were $133.2 million and $106.8 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For some of these arrangements, the Company provides recourse or repurchase obligations such that it would become obligated in the event of default by the dealer or customer. Total amounts subject to these types of obligations were $162.4 million and $133.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
As a result, the Company's 8 Table of Contents sales have historically been affected by, and may continue to be affected by, these fluctuations.
As a result, the Company's sales have historically been affected by, and may continue to be affected by, these fluctuations.
As of December 31, 2022, certain members of the Company’s extended founding family held approximately 31 percent of the Company’s outstanding Class A common stock and approximately 87 percent of the Company’s outstanding Class B common stock.
As of December 31, 2023, certain members of the Company’s extended founding family held approximately 30 percent of the Company’s outstanding Class A common stock and approximately 95 percent of the Company’s outstanding Class B common stock.
The cost to manufacture lift trucks and related service parts has been and may continue to be affected by fluctuations in prices for these raw materials. If costs of these raw materials increase, the Company's profitability could be materially reduced. The Company is subject to risks relating to its global operations.
The cost to manufacture lift trucks and related service parts has been and may continue to be affected by fluctuations in prices for these raw materials. If costs of these raw materials increase, the Company's profitability could be materially reduced.
The Company is a U.S.-based multinational corporation that has global operations. Operating globally subjects the Company to a number of operational risks relating to changes in government regulations and policies in a large number of jurisdictions around the world, including those related to tariffs and trade barriers, investments, property ownership rights, taxation, and exchange controls.
Operating globally subjects the Company to a number of operational risks relating to changes in government regulations and policies in a large number of jurisdictions around the world, including those related to tariffs and trade barriers, investments, property ownership rights, taxation, and exchange controls.
Conditions resulting from natural disasters or global health epidemics or pandemics may prevent or delay the Company’s ability to obtain critical components or manufacture and sell the Company’s products. These disruptions could materially affect the Company’s liquidity, operations and revenues and profitability could be significantly reduced. The lift truck business is cyclical.
Conditions resulting from natural disasters or global health epidemics or pandemics may prevent or delay the Company’s ability to obtain critical components or manufacture and sell the Company’s products. These disruptions could materially affect the Company’s liquidity, operations and revenues and profitability could be significantly reduced. The Company depends on a limited number of suppliers for specific critical components.
Employment and retention of qualified personnel is important to the successful conduct of the Company's business. Therefore, the Company's success also depends upon its ability to recruit, hire, train and retain additional skilled and experienced management personnel.
Competition for, and availability of skilled personnel is challenging in the markets in which the Company competes, and employment and retention of qualified and skilled front-line personnel is important to the successful conduct of the Company's business. The Company's success depends upon its ability to recruit, hire, train and retain additional skilled and experienced management personnel.
Regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have issued or proposed various regulations and directives designed to reduce emissions from spark-ignited engines and diesel engines used in off-road vehicles, such as industrial lift trucks.
The Company's products may also be subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing vehicle exhausts. Regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have issued or proposed various regulations and directives designed to reduce emissions from spark-ignited engines and diesel engines used in off-road vehicles, such as industrial lift trucks.
Risks Related to Cybersecurity The Company may be unable to protect its information technology infrastructure against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network breaches, which have in the past and could in the future disrupt business operations or result in a loss of data confidentiality.
Risks Related to Cybersecurity The Company may be unable to protect its information systems against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network breaches, which have in the past and could in the future disrupt business operations and could materially adversely affect the Company's operating results, financial position or reputation.
While the Company is not currently aware that any material outstanding claims or obligations exist with regard to these sites, the discovery of additional contamination at these or other sites could result in significant cleanup costs that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
While the Company is not currently aware that any material outstanding claims or obligations exist with regard to these sites, the discovery of additional contamination at these or other sites could result in significant cleanup costs that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. 12 Table of Contents In connection with any acquisition the Company has made, it could, under some circumstances, be held financially liable for or suffer other adverse effects due to environmental violations or contamination caused by prior owners of businesses the Company has acquired.
In addition, if future industry demand levels are lower than expected, the actual annual cost savings could be lower than expected. If the Company is unable to successfully implement these strategic initiatives, revenues, profitability and market share could be significantly reduced.
In addition, if future industry demand levels are lower than 9 Table of Contents expected or customers' demands change, the Company may not be successful in implementing its strategic initiatives. If the Company is unable to successfully implement these strategic initiatives, revenues, profitability, growth prospects and market share could be significantly reduced.
In addition, insurance coverage is increasingly expensive, contains more stringent terms and may be difficult to obtain in the future. 10 Table of Contents Actual liabilities relating to environmental matters may exceed the Company's expectations.
In addition, insurance coverage is increasingly expensive, contains more stringent terms, may be difficult to obtain in the future and may be inadequate to cover related claims and liabilities.
If any of the risks actually occur, the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or stock price could be materially and adversely affected. Risks Related to Our Business and Operations The Company depends on a limited number of suppliers for specific critical components.
If any of the risks actually occur, the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or stock price could be materially and adversely affected. Risks Related to Our Business and Operations The Company is subject to risks relating to its global operations. The Company is a U.S.-based multinational corporation that has global operations.
This could aggravate each of the foregoing risks, as well as disrupt our ability to operate in affected areas, including collecting on commercial receivables.
This could aggravate each of the foregoing risks, as well as disrupt our ability to operate in affected areas, including collecting on commercial receivables. The Company relies on the timely and free flow of goods through open and operational international shipping lanes and ports from suppliers and manufacturing locations.
The Company's manufacturing operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the management and disposal of hazardous substances. If the Company fails to comply with these laws or the Company's environmental permits, then the Company could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, fines and civil and criminal sanctions.
If the Company fails to comply with these laws or the Company's environmental permits, then the Company could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, fines and civil and criminal sanctions. In addition, future changes to environmental laws could require the Company to incur significant additional expenses or restrict operations.
The Company relies on information technology networks and systems, including the internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes and activities, including supply chain, manufacturing, distributing, invoicing and collection.
The Company relies on information technology networks and systems, some of which are managed by third parties, in connection with various business activities. These activities include processing, transmitting and storing electronic information, and managing or supporting a variety of business processes and activities, including supply chain, manufacturing, distributing, invoicing and collection.
These technological networks and systems have been and may in the future be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components; power outages; hardware failures; or computer viruses or other types of cyber attacks. In addition, security breaches could result in unauthorized disclosure of confidential information.
The Company’s information systems have been and may in the future be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components; power outages; hardware failures; user error; insider threats; or cybersecurity threats, including, but not limited to, ransomware, malware, phishing and denial of service attacks, which are increasing in frequency and sophistication.
In addition, future changes to environmental laws could require the Company to incur significant additional expenses or restrict operations. The Company's products may also be subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing vehicle exhausts.
Actual liabilities relating to environmental matters may exceed the Company's expectations. The Company's manufacturing operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the management and disposal of hazardous substances.
Removed
In connection with any acquisition the Company has made, it could, under some circumstances, be held financially liable for or suffer other adverse effects due to environmental violations or contamination caused by prior owners of businesses the Company has acquired.
Added
Disruptions of shipping lanes from labor disputes or sea piracy, or at ports, common carriers, or suppliers could create significant risks, particularly if these disputes result in work slowdowns, lockouts, strikes, or other disruptions during periods of significant importing or manufacturing.
Added
These factors could potentially result in delayed or cancelled orders by customers, unanticipated inventory accumulation or shortages, and harm to the business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Added
In addition, security breaches, whether in the Company’s systems or those of third parties on which the Company relies, could result in unauthorized access to and disclosure of confidential, personal or sensitive information and loss of intellectual property and pose a risk to the security, confidentiality, availability and integrity of the Company’s data, as well as the data of the Company’s suppliers, customers and employees.
Added
While various procedures and controls have been and are being utilized to mitigate such risks, there can be no guarantee that the actions and controls the Company implements, or which the Company has caused or will cause third-party service providers to implement, will be sufficient to protect and mitigate associated risks to the Company’s information systems, information or other property.
Added
Moreover, the Company may not be aware of all vulnerabilities associated with its information systems. The Company has experienced cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in the Company’s information systems and those of the Company’s third-party providers. Such prior events have not had a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Added
In addition, the amount of insurance coverage the Company maintains may be inadequate or difficult to obtain in order to cover claims or liabilities relating to a cybersecurity attack.
Added
Reports of unauthorized access to the Company's products, systems and 11 Table of Contents data, regardless of their veracity, may result in the perception that the products, systems or data are capable of being hacked, which could harm its brands, prospects and operating results.
Added
Further, the amount of insurance coverage the Company maintains may be inadequate to cover claims or liabilities relating to a cybersecurity attack. Security breaches with respect to the Company’s products could interfere with its business, dealers, and customers, exposing it to liability that would cause its business and reputation to suffer.
Added
Some of the Company’s products include cyberphysical components and systems typically used for telematics services, automated vehicles and remote system updates.
Added
While the Company has implemented security measures intended to prevent unauthorized access to these products, malicious actors have attempted, and may attempt in the future, to gain unauthorized access to such products including through such components and systems in order to gain control of the products, change the products’ functionality, user interface, or performance characteristics, or gain access to data stored in or generated by the products.
Added
Any unauthorized access to or control of the products or systems or any loss of data could result in litigation with third parties, government enforcement actions, penalties, disruption to product systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, corruption of data, or remediation costs, which could materially adversely affect the Company’s operating results, financial position, growth opportunities or reputation.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Biggest changePROPERTIES The following table presents the principal assembly, manufacturing, distribution and office facilities that the Company owns or leases: Segment Facility Location Owned/Leased Function(s) Lift Truck Americas Berea, Kentucky Owned Assembly of lift trucks and manufacture of component parts Charlotte, North Carolina Leased Customer experience and training center Cleveland, Ohio Leased Global headquarters Danville, Illinois Owned Americas parts distribution center Fairview, Oregon Owned Counterbalanced development center for design and testing of lift trucks, prototype equipment and component parts Greenville, North Carolina Owned Divisional headquarters and marketing and sales operations for Hyster ® and Yale ® in the Americas; Americas warehouse development center; assembly of lift trucks and manufacture of component parts Itu, Brazil Owned Assembly of lift trucks and parts distribution center Ramos Arizpe, Mexico Owned Assembly of lift trucks and manufacture of component parts EMEA Craigavon, Northern Ireland Owned Manufacture of lift trucks and component parts Frimley, Surrey, UK Leased Divisional headquarters and marketing and sales operations for Hyster ® and Yale ® in EMEA Irvine, Scotland Leased European administrative center Masate, Italy Leased Assembly of lift trucks; European warehouse development center Nijmegen, the Netherlands Owned Big trucks development center; manufacture and assembly of big trucks and component parts; European parts distribution center JAPIC Fuyang, China Owned Manufacture and assembly of lift trucks Pune, India Leased Engineering, supply chain and marketing services Shanghai, China Owned Sale of parts and marketing operations of China Bolzoni Helsinki, Finland Leased Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Hebei, China Owned Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Piacenza, Italy Owned Bolzoni headquarters; manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Salzgitter, Germany Owned Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Sulligent, Alabama Owned Manufacture of Bolzoni products and manufacture of component parts for lift trucks Wuxi, China Owned Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Nuvera Billerica, Massachusetts Leased Nuvera research and development laboratory SN’s operations are supported by three facilities.
Biggest changePROPERTIES The following table presents the principal assembly, manufacturing, distribution and office facilities that the Company owns or leases: Segment Facility Location Owned/Leased Function(s) Lift Truck Americas Berea, Kentucky Owned Assembly of lift trucks and manufacture of component parts Charlotte, North Carolina Leased Customer experience and training center Cleveland, Ohio Leased Global headquarters Danville, Illinois Owned Americas parts distribution center Fairview, Oregon Owned Counterbalanced development center for design and testing of lift trucks, prototype equipment and component parts Greenville, North Carolina Owned Divisional headquarters and marketing and sales operations for Hyster ® and Yale ® in the Americas; Americas warehouse development center; assembly of lift trucks and manufacture of component parts Itu, Brazil Owned Assembly of lift trucks and parts distribution center Ramos Arizpe, Mexico Owned Assembly of lift trucks and manufacture of component parts EMEA Craigavon, Northern Ireland Owned Manufacture of lift trucks and component parts Frimley, Surrey, UK Leased Divisional headquarters and marketing and sales operations for Hyster ® and Yale ® in EMEA Irvine, Scotland Leased European administrative center Masate, Italy Leased Assembly of lift trucks; European warehouse development center Nijmegen, the Netherlands Owned Big trucks development center; manufacture and assembly of big trucks and component parts; European parts distribution center JAPIC Fuyang, China Owned Manufacture and assembly of lift trucks Pune, India Leased Engineering, supply chain and marketing services Shanghai, China Owned Sale of parts and marketing operations of China Bolzoni Helsinki, Finland Leased Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Hebei, China Owned Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Piacenza, Italy Owned Bolzoni headquarters; manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Salzgitter, Germany Owned Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Sulligent, Alabama Owned Manufacture of Bolzoni products and manufacture of component parts for lift trucks Wuxi, China Owned Manufacture and distribution of Bolzoni products Nuvera Billerica, Massachusetts Leased Nuvera research and development laboratory 14 Table of Contents SN’s operations are supported by three facilities.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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Biggest changeItem 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Company is, and will likely continue to be, involved in a number of legal proceedings which the Company believes generally arise in the ordinary course of the business, given its size, history and the nature of its business and products. The Company is not a party to any material legal proceeding. Item 4.
Biggest changeItem 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Company is, and will likely continue to be, involved in a number of legal proceedings which the Company believes generally arise in the ordinary course of the business, given its size, history and the nature of its business and products.
Removed
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES None. 12 Table of Contents
Added
The Company does not believe that any of these legal proceeding will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES None.

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Biggest changeThe Class B common stock is convertible into Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. At December 31, 2022, there were approximately 813 Class A common stockholders of record and approximately 735 Class B common stockholders of record.
Biggest changeThe Class B common stock is convertible into Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. At December 31, 2023, there were approximately 790 Class A common stockholders of record and 840 Class B common stockholders of record.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers There have been no issuer purchases of equity securities and no publicly announced repurchase program currently exists. Item 6. [RESERVED] 13 Table of Contents
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers There have been no issuer purchases of equity securities and no publicly announced repurchase program currently exists. Item 6. [RESERVED] 15 Table of Contents

Item 6. [Reserved]

Selected Financial Data — reserved (removed by SEC in 2021)

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Biggest changeItem 6. [RESERVED] 13 Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 14 Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 27 Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 28 Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 28
Biggest changeItem 6. [RESERVED] 15 Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 16 Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 28 Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 29 Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 29

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

55 edited+50 added72 removed37 unchanged
Biggest changeCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL REVIEW The following table identifies the components of change for 2022 compared with 2021 by segment: Revenues Gross Profit Operating Profit (Loss) Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Stockholders 2021 $ 3,075.7 $ 363.4 $ (152.3) $ (173.0) Increase (decrease) in 2022 Americas 420.8 81.6 66.5 85.7 EMEA 25.3 (41.9) (46.9) (47.2) JAPIC 16.1 1.4 56.9 38.1 Lift truck business 462.2 41.1 76.5 76.6 Bolzoni 7.9 9.2 8.0 5.5 Nuvera 2.7 19.5 28.0 25.1 Eliminations (0.2) 0.7 0.7 (8.3) 2022 $ 3,548.3 $ 433.9 $ (39.1) $ (74.1) 17 Table of Contents FINANCIAL REVIEW The segment and geographic results of operations for the Company were as follows for the year ended December 31: Favorable / (Unfavorable) % Change 2022 2021 2022 vs. 2021 Lift truck unit shipments (in thousands) Americas 58.4 54.5 7.2 % EMEA 29.2 26.5 10.2 % JAPIC 13.2 13.9 (5.0) % 100.8 94.9 6.2 % Revenues Americas $ 2,405.4 $ 1,984.6 21.2 % EMEA 704.2 678.9 3.7 % JAPIC 250.0 233.9 6.9 % Lift truck business 3,359.6 2,897.4 16.0 % Bolzoni 355.7 347.8 2.3 % Nuvera 3.4 0.7 385.7 % Eliminations (170.4) (170.2) n.m. $ 3,548.3 $ 3,075.7 15.4 % Gross profit (loss) Americas $ 303.4 $ 221.8 36.8 % EMEA 45.0 86.9 (48.2) % JAPIC 22.6 21.2 6.6 % Lift truck business 371.0 329.9 12.5 % Bolzoni 70.7 61.5 15.0 % Nuvera (7.2) (26.7) 73.0 % Eliminations (0.6) (1.3) n.m. $ 433.9 $ 363.4 19.4 % Selling, general and administrative expenses Americas $ 256.6 $ 241.5 (6.3) % EMEA 91.6 86.6 (5.8) % JAPIC 33.2 88.7 62.6 % Lift truck business 381.4 416.8 8.5 % Bolzoni 64.5 63.3 (1.9) % Nuvera 27.1 35.6 23.9 % $ 473.0 $ 515.7 8.3 % Operating profit (loss) Americas $ 46.8 $ (19.7) 337.6 % EMEA (46.6) 0.3 n.m.
Biggest changeThe Company's past results of operations have not been materially affected by a change in the estimate of product warranties and although there can be no assurances, the Company is not aware of any circumstances that would be reasonably likely to materially change the estimates in the future. 17 Table of Contents CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL REVIEW The following table identifies the components of change for 2023 compared with 2022 by segment: Revenues Gross Profit Operating Profit (Loss) 2022 $ 3,548.3 $ 433.9 $ (39.1) Increase (decrease) in 2023 Americas 493.9 261.5 186.3 EMEA 116.3 76.0 58.7 JAPIC (48.9) 2.9 (5.0) Lift truck business 561.3 340.4 240.0 Bolzoni 19.6 11.5 9.1 Nuvera 0.9 (1.0) (2.1) Eliminations (11.8) 0.8 0.8 2023 $ 4,118.3 $ 785.6 $ 208.7 FINANCIAL REVIEW The segment and geographic results of operations for the Company were as follows for the year ended December 31: Favorable / (Unfavorable) % Change 2023 2022 2023 vs. 2022 Lift truck unit shipments (in thousands) Americas 67.1 58.4 14.9 % EMEA 25.1 29.2 (14.0) % JAPIC 10.0 13.2 (24.2) % 102.2 100.8 1.4 % Revenues Americas $ 2,899.3 $ 2,405.4 20.5 % EMEA 820.5 704.2 16.5 % JAPIC 201.1 250.0 (19.6) % Lift truck business 3,920.9 3,359.6 16.7 % Bolzoni 375.3 355.7 5.5 % Nuvera 4.3 3.4 26.5 % Eliminations (182.2) (170.4) 6.9 % $ 4,118.3 $ 3,548.3 16.1 % Gross profit (loss) Americas $ 564.9 $ 303.4 86.2 % EMEA 121.0 45.0 168.9 % JAPIC 25.5 22.6 12.8 % Lift truck business 711.4 371.0 91.8 % Bolzoni 82.2 70.7 16.3 % Nuvera (8.2) (7.2) (13.9) % Eliminations 0.2 (0.6) n.m. $ 785.6 $ 433.9 81.1 % 18 Table of Contents Favorable / (Unfavorable) % Change 2023 2022 2023 vs. 2022 Selling, general and administrative expenses Americas $ 331.8 $ 256.6 (29.3) % EMEA 108.9 91.6 (18.9) % JAPIC 41.1 33.2 (23.8) % Lift truck business 481.8 381.4 (26.3) % Bolzoni 66.9 64.5 (3.7) % Nuvera 28.2 27.1 (4.1) % $ 576.9 $ 473.0 (22.0) % Operating profit (loss) Americas $ 233.1 $ 46.8 398.1 % EMEA 12.1 (46.6) n.m.
Losses anticipated under the terms of the recourse or repurchase obligations were not significant at December 31, 2022 and reserves have been provided for such losses in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also “Related-Party Transactions” below.
Losses anticipated under the terms of the recourse or repurchase obligations were not significant at December 31, 2023 and reserves have been provided for such losses in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also “Related-Party Transactions” below.
The Facility also requires the Company to achieve a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio when total excess availability is less than the greater of 10% of the total borrowing base, as defined in the Facility, and $20.0 million. At December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Facility.
The Facility also requires the Company to achieve a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio when total excess availability is less than the greater of 10% of the total borrowing base, as defined in the Facility, and $20.0 million. At December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Facility.
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of May 1, and is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company completed the annual testing of impairment of goodwill as of May 1, 2022 at the reporting unit level for the related goodwill.
Goodwill: Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of May 1, and is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company completed the annual goodwill impairment testing as of May 1, 2023 at the reporting unit level for the related goodwill.
These fees related to amending the Facility and the Term Loan. These fees were deferred and are being amortized as interest expense over the term of the applicable debt agreements. No fees were incurred in 2022 or 2020. Fees related to the Term Loan are presented as a direct deduction of the corresponding debt.
These fees related to amending the Facility and the Term Loan. These fees were deferred and are being amortized as interest expense over the term of the applicable debt agreements. No fees were incurred in 2022. Fees related to the Term Loan are presented as a direct deduction of the corresponding debt.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS For information regarding recently issued accounting standards refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K. EFFECTS OF FOREIGN CURRENCY The Company operates internationally and enters into transactions denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, the Company is subject to the variability that arises from exchange rate movements.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS For information regarding recently issued accounting standards refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. EFFECTS OF FOREIGN CURRENCY The Company operates internationally and enters into transactions denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, the Company is subject to the variability that arises from exchange rate movements.
Changes in the Company's estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on its financial condition and results of operations. The Company continually evaluates its deferred tax assets to determine if a valuation allowance is required or no longer needed.
Changes in the Company's estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on its 16 Table of Contents financial condition and results of operations. The Company continually evaluates its deferred tax assets to determine if a valuation allowance is required or no longer needed.
A one percent increase in the estimate of the number of claims or the magnitude of claims would increase the product liability reserve and reduce operating profit by approximately $0.1 million to $0.6 million.
A one percent increase in the estimate of the number of claims or the magnitude of claims would increase the product liability reserve and reduce operating profit by approximately $0.1 million to $0.8 million.
The approximate book value of assets held as collateral under the Facility was $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2022. The Facility includes restrictive covenants, which, among other things, limit additional borrowings and investments of the Company subject to certain thresholds, as provided in the Facility.
The approximate book value of assets held as collateral under the Facility was $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2023. The Facility includes restrictive covenants, which, among other things, limit additional borrowings and investments of the Company subject to certain thresholds, as provided in the Facility.
The obligations under the Term Loan are generally secured by a first priority lien on the present and future shares of capital stock, material real property, fixtures and general intangibles consisting of intellectual property and a second priority lien on working capital assets of the borrowers of the Facility, which includes, but is not limited to cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and inventory.
The obligations under the Term Loan are generally secured by a first priority lien on the present and future shares of capital stock, U.S. material real property, fixtures and general intangibles consisting of intellectual property and a second priority lien on U.S. working capital assets of the borrowers and guarantors of the Term Loan, which includes, but is not limited to cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and inventory.
In this context, Bolzoni continues to concentrate on driving its "One Company - 3 Brands" approach and increasing its Americas business, while focusing on strengthening its ability to serve key attachment industries and customers in all global markets.
In this context, Bolzoni continues to concentrate on driving its "One Company - 3 Brands" approach globally, increasing its Americas business and focusing on strengthening its ability to serve key attachment industries and customers in global markets.
Bolzoni is a leading worldwide producer and distributor of attachments, forks and lift tables marketed under the Bolzoni ® , Auramo ® and Meyer ® brand names. Bolzoni also produces components for lift truck manufacturers. Bolzoni products are manufactured in the United States, Italy, China, Germany and Finland.
The Company operates Bolzoni S.p.A. ("Bolzoni"). Bolzoni is a leading worldwide producer and distributor of attachments, forks and lift tables marketed under the Bolzoni ® , Auramo ® and Meyer ® brand names. Bolzoni also produces components for lift truck manufacturers. Bolzoni products are manufactured in the United States, Italy, China, Germany and Finland.
The approximate book value of assets held as collateral under the Term Loan was $750 million as of December 31, 2022. In addition, the Term Loan includes restrictive covenants, which, among other things, limit additional borrowings and investments of the Company subject to certain thresholds, as provided in the Term Loan.
The approximate book value of assets held as collateral under the Term Loan was $780 million as of December 31, 2023. In addition, the Term Loan includes restrictive covenants, which, among other things, limit additional borrowings and investments of the Company subject to certain thresholds, as provided in the Term Loan.
If the estimate of the cost to correct product failures were to increase by one percent over 2022 levels, the product warranties reserves would increase and reduce operating profit by approximately $3.1 million.
If the estimate of the cost to correct product failures were to increase by one percent over 2023 levels, the product warranties reserves would increase and reduce operating profit by approximately $3.2 million.
Competition in the materials handling industry is intense and is based primarily on strength and quality of distribution, brand loyalty, customer service, new lift truck sales prices, availability of products and aftermarket parts, comprehensive product line offerings, product performance, product quality and features and the cost of ownership over the life of the lift truck.
Competition in the lift truck industry is based primarily on strength and quality of dealers, brand loyalty, customer service, new lift truck sales prices, availability of products and aftermarket parts, comprehensive product line offerings, product performance, quality and innovation, including features, and the cost of ownership over the life of the lift truck.
Among the factors that could cause plans, actions and results to differ materially from current expectations are, without limitation: (1) delays in delivery and other supply chain disruptions, or increases in costs as a result of inflation or otherwise, including materials and transportation costs and shortages, the imposition of tariffs, or the renewal of tariff exclusions, on raw materials or sourced products, and labor, or changes in or unavailability of quality suppliers or transporters, including the impacts of the foregoing risks on the Company's liquidity, (2) delays in manufacturing and delivery schedules, (3) customer acceptance of pricing, (4) any preventive or protective actions taken by governmental authorities related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and any unfavorable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on either the Company's or its suppliers plants' capabilities to produce and ship products, (5) unfavorable effects of geopolitical and legislative developments on global operations, including without limitation the entry into new trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and/or economic sanctions, as well as armed conflicts, including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, and their regional effects, (6) the ability of the Company and its dealers, suppliers and end-users to access credit in the current economic environment, or obtain financing at reasonable rates, or at all, as a result of interest rate volatility and current economic and market conditions, including inflation, (7) reduction in demand for lift trucks, attachments and related aftermarket parts and service on a global basis, including any reduction in demand as a result of an economic recession, (8) exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate volatility and monetary policies and other changes in the regulatory climate in the countries in which the Company operates and/or sells products, (9) the effectiveness of the cost reduction programs implemented globally, including the successful implementation of procurement and sourcing initiatives, (10) the successful commercialization of Nuvera's technology, (11) impairment charges, (12) the political and economic uncertainties in the countries where the Company does business, as well as the effects of any withdrawals from such countries, (13) bankruptcy of or loss of major dealers, retail customers or suppliers, (14) customer acceptance of, changes in the costs of, or delays in the development of new products, (15) introduction of new products by, more favorable product pricing offered by or shorter lead times available through competitors, (16) product liability or other litigation, warranty claims or returns of products, (17) changes mandated by federal, state and other regulation, including tax, health, safety or environmental legislation, and (18) the ability to attract, retain, and replace workforce and administrative employees.
Among the factors that could cause plans, actions and results to differ materially from current expectations are, without limitation: (1) delays in delivery and other supply chain disruptions, or increases in costs as a result of inflation or otherwise, including materials, critical components and transportation costs and shortages, the imposition of tariffs, or the renewal of tariff exclusions, on raw materials or sourced products, and labor, or changes in or unavailability of quality suppliers or transporters, including the impacts of the foregoing risks on the Company's liquidity, (2) delays in manufacturing and delivery schedules, (3) customer acceptance of pricing, (4) the ability of the Company and its dealers, suppliers and end-users to access credit in the current economic environment, or obtain financing at reasonable rates, or at all, as a result of interest rate volatility and current economic and market conditions, including inflation, (5) reduction in demand for lift trucks, attachments and related aftermarket parts and service on a global basis, including any cyclical reduction in demand in the lift truck industry, (6) unfavorable effects of geopolitical and legislative developments on global operations, including without limitation the entry into new trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and/or economic sanctions, including the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (the “UFLPA”) which could impact the Company's imports from China, as well as armed conflicts, including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, the Israel and Gaza conflict and/or the conflict in the Red Sea, and their regional effects, (7) exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate volatility and monetary policies and other changes in the regulatory climate in the countries in which the Company operates and/or sells products, (8) the effectiveness of the cost reduction programs implemented globally, including the successful implementation of procurement and sourcing initiatives, (9) the successful commercialization of Nuvera's technology, (10) the political and economic uncertainties in the countries where the Company does business, as well as the effects of any withdrawals from such countries, (11) bankruptcy of or loss of major dealers, retail customers or suppliers, (12) customer acceptance of, changes in the costs of, or delays in the development of new products, (13) introduction of new products by, more favorable product pricing offered by or shorter lead times available through competitors, (14) product liability or other litigation, warranty claims or returns of products, (15) changes mandated by federal, state and other regulation, including tax, health, safety or environmental legislation, (16) the ability to attract, retain, and replace workforce and administrative employees, (17) disruptions resulting from natural disasters, public health crises, political crises or other catastrophic events, and (18) the ability to protect the Company’s information technology infrastructure against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network breaches.
("HYG"), is a leading, globally integrated, full-line lift truck manufacturer. The Company offers a broad array of solutions aimed at meeting the specific materials handling needs of its customers, including attachments and hydrogen fuel cell power products, telematics, automation and fleet management services, as well as a variety of other power options for its lift trucks.
("HYG"), is a globally integrated company offering a full line of high-quality, application-tailored lift trucks and solutions aimed at meeting the specific materials handling needs of its customers. The Company's solutions include attachments and hydrogen fuel cell power products, telematics, automation and fleet management services, as well as a variety of other power options for its lift trucks.
Bolzoni also intends to increase its sales, marketing and product support capabilities in North America and Europe to support its industry-specific sales strategy. Operational and Strategic Perspectives - Nuvera Nuvera's core strategy is to be a leader in the fuel cell business.
As part of this approach, Bolzoni also intends to increase its sales, marketing and product capabilities especially in North America to support its industry-specific sales strategy. Operational and Strategic Perspectives - Nuvera Nuvera's core strategy is to be a leader in the heavy-duty fuel cell market.
Key terms of the Facility as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: FACILITY U.S. borrowing capacity $ 210.0 Non-U.S. borrowing capacity 90.0 Outstanding 134.6 Availability restrictions 7.7 Availability $ 157.7 Applicable margins, as defined in agreement U.S. base rate loans 0.25%-0.75% LIBOR, EURIBOR and foreign base rate loans 1.25%-1.75% Applicable margins, for amounts outstanding U.S. base rate and LIBOR loans 0.50%; 1.50% Non-U.S. base rate and LIBOR loans 1.50 % Applicable interest rate, for amounts outstanding U.S. base rate 8.00 % LIBOR 5.69 % EURIBOR 3.88 % Facility fee, per annum on unused commitment 0.25 % The Term Loan requires quarterly principal payments on the last day of each March, June, September and December commencing September 30, 2021 in an amount equal to $562,500 and the final principal repayment is due in May 2028.
Key terms of the Facility as of December 31, 2023 were as follows: FACILITY U.S. borrowing capacity $ 230.8 Non-U.S. borrowing capacity 90.0 Outstanding 78.1 Availability restrictions 6.7 Availability $ 236.0 22 Table of Contents FILO LOANS LOANS OTHER THAN FILO LOANS Applicable margins, as defined in agreement U.S. base rate loans 2.25% 0.25% to 0.75% SOFR, EURIBOR and non-U.S. base rate loans 3.25% 1.25% to 1.75% SOFR adjustment, as defined in agreement 0.10% 0.10% Applicable margins, for amounts outstanding U.S. base rate loans 0.50% SOFR loans 3.25% 1.50% Non-U.S. base rate loans 1.50% Applicable interest rate, for amounts outstanding U.S. base rate 9.00% SOFR 8.69 % 6.95% Facility fee, per annum on unused commitment 0.25% The Term Loan requires quarterly principal payments on the last day of each March, June, September and December, which commenced September 30, 2021, in an amount equal to $562,500 and the final principal repayment is due in May 2028.
YEAR ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED December 31, 2022 September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Unit backlog, beginning of period 105.3 105.3 40.6 Unit shipments (100.8) (73.7) (94.9) Unit bookings 97.6 76.6 159.6 Unit backlog, end of period 102.1 108.2 105.3 The following is the detail of the approximate sales value of the Company's lift truck unit bookings and backlog, reflected in millions of dollars.
YEAR ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Unit backlog, beginning of period 102.1 102.1 105.3 Unit shipments (102.2) (78.6) (100.8) Unit bookings 78.5 61.8 97.6 Unit backlog, end of period 78.4 85.3 102.1 The following is the detail of the approximate sales value of the Company's lift truck unit bookings and backlog, reflected in millions of dollars.
Capital Expenditures The following table summarizes actual and planned capital expenditures: Planned 2023 Actual 2022 Actual 2021 Lift truck business $ 52.4 $ 20.3 $ 30.6 Bolzoni 8.9 5.5 10.4 Nuvera 3.9 3.0 3.3 $ 65.2 $ 28.8 $ 44.3 Planned expenditures in 2023 are primarily for product development, improvements to information technology infrastructure and improvements at manufacturing locations and manufacturing equipment.
Capital Expenditures The following table summarizes actual and planned capital expenditures: Planned 2024 Actual 2023 Actual 2022 Lift truck business $ 75.0 $ 26.8 $ 20.3 Bolzoni 9.1 5.1 5.5 Nuvera 2.9 3.5 3.0 $ 87.0 $ 35.4 $ 28.8 24 Table of Contents Planned expenditures in 2024 are primarily for improvements at manufacturing locations and manufacturing equipment, product development and improvements to information technology infrastructure.
The following table identifies the components of change in operating profit (loss) for 2022 compared with 2021: Operating Profit (Loss) Lift truck Total Americas EMEA JAPIC 2021 $ (152.3) $ (19.7) $ 0.3 $ (67.5) Increase (decrease) in 2022 from: Goodwill impairment charge 55.6 55.6 (96.7) (19.7) 0.3 (11.9) Lift truck gross profit and eliminations 41.8 81.6 (41.9) 1.4 Lift truck selling, general and administrative expenses (20.2) (15.1) (5.0) (0.1) Nuvera operations 28.0 Bolzoni operations 8.0 2022 $ (39.1) $ 46.8 $ (46.6) $ (10.6) The Company recognized an operating loss of $39.1 million in 2022 compared with $152.3 million in 2021.
The following table identifies the components of change in operating profit (loss) for 2023 compared with 2022: Operating Profit (Loss) Lift truck Total Americas EMEA JAPIC 2022 $ (39.1) $ 46.8 $ (46.6) $ (10.6) Increase (decrease) in 2023 from: Lift truck gross profit and eliminations 341.2 261.5 76.0 2.9 Lift truck selling, general and administrative expenses (100.4) (75.2) (17.3) (7.9) Bolzoni operations 9.1 Nuvera operations (2.1) 2023 $ 208.7 $ 233.1 $ 12.1 $ (15.6) The Company recognized an operating profit of $208.7 million in 2023 compared with an operating loss of $39.1 million in 2022.
At December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Term Loan. 22 Table of Contents Key terms of the Term Loan as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: TERM LOAN Outstanding $ 221.6 Discounts and unamortized deferred financing fees 4.1 Net amount outstanding $ 217.5 Applicable margins, as defined in agreement U.S. base rate loans 2.50 % Eurodollar 3.50 % Eurodollar floor 0.50 % Applicable interest rate, for amounts outstanding 7.88 % The Company incurred fees of $7.6 million in 2021.
Key terms of the Term Loan as of December 31, 2023 were as follows: TERM LOAN Outstanding $ 219.4 Discounts and unamortized deferred financing fees 3.3 Net amount outstanding $ 216.1 Applicable margins, as defined in agreement U.S. base rate loans 2.50% SOFR 3.50% SOFR adjustment, as defined in the agreement 0.11% SOFR floor 0.50% Applicable interest rate, for amounts outstanding 8.97% The Company incurred fees of $0.8 million and $7.6 million in 2023 and 2021, respectively.
See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of financial condition and results of operations for 2021 compared with 2020. 14 Table of Contents Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Cash Flows The following tables detail the change in cash flow for the years ended December 31: 2022 2021 Change Operating activities: Net income (loss) $ (71.6) $ (183.2) $ 111.6 Depreciation and amortization 43.4 46.2 (2.8) Dividends from unconsolidated affiliates 15.6 5.5 10.1 Impairment charges 65.6 (65.6) Working capital changes: Accounts receivable (89.5) (54.6) (34.9) Inventories (39.1) (289.7) 250.6 Accounts payable and other liabilities 173.6 176.0 (2.4) Other current assets (5.4) (12.5) 7.1 Other operating activities 13.6 (6.8) 20.4 Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities 40.6 (253.5) 294.1 Investing activities: Expenditures for property, plant and equipment (28.8) (44.3) 15.5 Proceeds from the sale of assets and investments 1.8 19.8 (18.0) Purchase of noncontrolling interest (8.4) (8.4) Net cash used for investing activities (35.4) (24.5) (10.9) Cash flow before financing activities $ 5.2 $ (278.0) $ 283.2 The change in net cash provided by (used for) operating activities of $294.1 million in 2022 compared with 2021 was primarily a result of changes in working capital items and net income (loss), partially offset by the absence of non-cash charges of $55.6 million and $10.0 million for goodwill and long-lived asset impairments, respectively, recorded in 2021.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Cash Flows The following tables detail the change in cash flow for the years ended December 31: 2023 2022 Change Operating activities: Net income (loss) $ 128.1 $ (71.6) $ 199.7 Depreciation and amortization 45.1 43.4 1.7 Dividends from unconsolidated affiliates 10.5 15.6 (5.1) Stock-based compensation 29.3 6.4 22.9 Working capital changes: Accounts receivable 26.8 (89.5) 116.3 Inventories (4.3) (39.1) 34.8 Accounts payable and other liabilities (112.5) 173.6 (286.1) Other current assets (8.4) (5.4) (3.0) Other operating activities 36.1 7.2 28.9 Net cash provided by operating activities 150.7 40.6 110.1 Investing activities: Expenditures for property, plant and equipment (35.4) (28.8) (6.6) Proceeds from the sale of assets, businesses and investments 4.1 1.8 2.3 Purchase of noncontrolling interest (3.2) (8.4) 5.2 Net cash used for investing activities (34.5) (35.4) 0.9 Cash flow before financing activities $ 116.2 $ 5.2 $ 111.0 The change in net cash provided by operating activities of $110.1 million in 2023 compared with 2022 was primarily a result of the improved net income (loss) partially offset by changes in working capital items.
Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments Following is a table summarizing the contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022: Payments Due by Period Contractual Obligations Total 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Term Loan $ 221.6 $ 2.3 $ 2.3 $ 2.2 $ 2.2 $ 2.2 $ 210.4 Variable interest payments on Term Loan 92.6 18.4 18.3 17.8 17.7 17.5 2.9 Revolving credit agreements 137.1 137.1 Variable interest payments on revolving credit agreements 10.1 10.1 Other debt 168.7 134.5 16.9 10.9 6.4 Variable interest payments on other debt 14.6 8.0 3.0 2.0 1.6 Finance lease obligations including principal and interest 30.0 13.4 10.2 4.9 0.8 0.7 Operating leases 70.4 16.2 12.3 8.9 7.0 6.1 19.9 Tax Reform Act transition tax liability 10.5 2.6 3.5 4.4 Purchase and other obligations 814.6 810.4 1.5 2.7 Total contractual cash obligations $ 1,570.2 $ 1,153.0 $ 66.5 $ 52.6 $ 38.4 $ 26.5 $ 233.2 The principal sources of financing for these contractual obligations are expected to be internally generated funds and bank financing.
Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments Following is a table summarizing the Company's material cash requirements from contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023: Payments Due by Period Contractual Obligations Total 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Term Loan $ 219.4 $ 2.3 $ 2.3 $ 2.2 $ 2.2 $ 210.4 $ Variable interest payments on Term Loan 81.9 20.0 18.6 18.4 17.7 7.2 Revolving credit agreements 83.3 83.3 Variable interest payments on revolving credit agreements 12.7 12.7 Other debt 167.3 154.2 9.9 2.5 0.7 Variable interest payments on other debt 6.9 6.1 0.7 0.1 Finance lease obligations including principal and interest 27.6 14.8 8.8 2.9 0.9 0.2 Operating leases 93.6 19.7 15.4 13.6 12.3 9.1 23.5 Purchase and other obligations 796.0 786.1 2.3 3.9 3.7 The principal sources of financing for these material contractual obligations are expected to be internally generated funds and bank financing.
The Company believes funds available from cash on hand, the Facility, other available lines of credit and operating cash flows will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its operating needs and commitments during the next twelve months and until the expiration of the Facility in June 2026.
In addition to the excess availability under the Facility of $236.0 million, the Company had remaining availability of $33.7 million related to other non-U.S. revolving credit agreements. 23 Table of Contents The Company believes funds available from cash on hand, the Facility, other available lines of credit and operating cash flows will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its operating needs and commitments during the next twelve months and until the expiration of the Facility in June 2026.
YEAR ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED December 31, 2022 September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Bookings, approximate sales value $ 3,080 $ 2,390 $ 3,820 Backlog, approximate sales value $ 3,730 $ 3,700 $ 2,880 2022 Compared with 2021 The following table identifies the components of change in revenues for 2022 compared with 2021: Revenues Lift truck Total Americas EMEA JAPIC 2021 $ 3,075.7 $ 1,984.6 $ 678.9 $ 233.9 Increase (decrease) in 2022 from: Unit price 300.3 234.0 56.4 9.9 Unit volume and product mix 132.5 70.4 51.6 10.5 Parts 74.7 66.2 9.0 (0.5) Other 51.4 45.7 1.5 4.2 Foreign currency (96.7) 4.5 (93.2) (8.0) Eliminations (0.2) Bolzoni revenues 7.9 Nuvera revenues 2.7 2022 $ 3,548.3 $ 2,405.4 $ 704.2 $ 250.0 19 Table of Contents Revenues increased 15.4% to $3,548.3 in 2022 from $3,075.7 million in 2021.
YEAR ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Bookings, approximate sales value $ 2,430 $ 1,950 $ 3,080 Backlog, approximate sales value $ 3,330 $ 3,540 $ 3,730 19 Table of Contents 2023 Compared with 2022 The following table identifies the components of change in revenues for 2023 compared with 2022: Revenues Lift truck Total Americas EMEA JAPIC 2022 $ 3,548.3 $ 2,405.4 $ 704.2 $ 250.0 Increase (decrease) in 2023 from: Unit price 270.6 163.8 102.8 4.0 Unit volume and product mix 188.9 244.8 (8.4) (47.5) Parts 84.9 80.0 5.1 (0.2) Bolzoni revenues 19.6 Foreign currency 16.3 2.7 18.2 (4.6) Nuvera revenues 0.9 Other 0.6 2.6 (1.4) (0.6) Eliminations (11.8) 2023 $ 4,118.3 $ 2,899.3 $ 820.5 $ 201.1 Revenues increased 16.1% to $4,118.3 million in 2023 from $3,548.3 million in 2022 mainly from improvements at the Lift Truck business.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had gross deferred tax assets of $139.2 million which were reduced by valuation allowances of $121.7 million and gross deferred tax liabilities of $28.3 million.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had gross deferred tax assets of $145.9 million which were reduced by valuation allowances of $126.6 million and gross deferred tax liabilities of $29.0 million.
The Company provides for the estimated cost of personal and property damage relating to its products based on a review of historical experience and consideration of any known trends.
The Company provides for the estimated cost of personal and property damage relating to its products based on a review of historical experience and consideration of any known trends. Reserves are recorded for estimates of the costs for known claims and estimates of the costs of incidents that have occurred but for which a claim has not yet been reported.
Capital Structure December 31 2022 2021 Change Cash and cash equivalents $ 59.0 $ 65.5 $ (6.5) Other net tangible assets 625.0 728.7 (103.7) Intangible assets 42.7 50.7 (8.0) Goodwill 51.3 56.5 (5.2) Net assets 778.0 901.4 (123.4) Total debt (552.9) (518.5) (34.4) Total temporary and permanent equity $ 225.1 $ 382.9 $ (157.8) Debt to total capitalization 71 % 58 % 13 % RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS See Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of related party transactions. 24 Table of Contents PERSPECTIVE AND OUTLOOK Market Commentary The global economic outlook remains constrained and economic activity appears to be decelerating in many parts of the world.
Capital Structure December 31 2023 2022 Change Cash and cash equivalents $ 78.8 $ 59.0 $ 19.8 Other net tangible assets 729.4 625.0 104.4 Intangible assets 39.3 42.7 (3.4) Goodwill 53.3 51.3 2.0 Net assets 900.8 778.0 122.8 Total debt (494.0) (552.9) 58.9 Total temporary and permanent equity $ 406.8 $ 225.1 $ 181.7 Debt to total capitalization 55 % 71 % (16) % RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS See Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of related-party transactions.
These assumptions, however, are highly sensitive to the effect of various market forces, particularly those that impact global supply chains. 25 Table of Contents Strategic Perspectives - Lift Truck From a broader perspective, the Lift Truck Business has three core strategies that are expected to transform the Company’s competitiveness, market position and economic performance over time: To provide the lowest cost of ownership while enhancing customer productivity.
Strategic Perspectives - Lift Truck From a broad perspective, the Lift Truck business has three core strategies that are expected to transform the Company's competitiveness, market position and economic performance over time. The first core strategy is to provide products that improve customer productivity at the lowest cost of ownership.
The increase was primarily due to improved pricing, higher unit and parts volume, a shift in sales to higher-priced lift trucks and favorable aftermarket sales in the Lift Truck business, partially offset by unfavorable currency movements from the translation of sales into U.S. dollars.
The increase at Lift Truck was primarily due to improved pricing, higher unit and parts volume in the Americas and a shift in sales to higher-priced lift trucks in the Americas and EMEA. The improvement in Lift Truck revenue was partially offset by a decline in unit shipments in JAPIC and EMEA.
The change in net cash used for investing activities during 2022 compared with 2021 is due to the absence of the proceeds from the sale of preferred shares of OneH2 in 2021 and the current year's installment purchase of Hyster-Yale Maximal's noncontrolling interest in 2022, partially offset by lower capital expenditures in 2022. 2022 2021 Change Financing Activities: Net increase in long-term debt and revolving credit agreements $ 11.1 $ 223.0 $ (211.9) Cash dividends paid (21.8) (21.6) (0.2) Other (0.2) (0.2) Financing fees paid (7.6) 7.6 Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities $ (10.9) $ 193.6 $ (204.5) The change in net cash provided by (used for) financing activities in 2022 compared with 2021 was primarily due to a smaller increase in borrowings during 2022 versus 2021, partially offset by the absence of financing fees paid in 2021. 21 Table of Contents Financing Activities The Company has a $300.0 million secured, floating-rate revolving credit facility (the "Facility") that expires in June 2026 and a $225.0 million term loan (the "Term Loan"), which matures in May 2028.
The change in net cash used for investing activities during 2023 compared with 2022 is mainly due to higher capital expenditures in 2023, partially offset by the purchase of Bolzoni's noncontrolling interest in 2023 compared with the first installment purchase of the noncontrolling interest of Hyster-Yale Maximal in 2022. 2023 2022 Change Financing Activities: Net increase (decrease) in long-term debt and revolving credit agreements $ (76.0) $ 11.1 $ (87.1) Cash dividends paid (23.6) (21.8) (1.8) Other (0.9) (0.2) (0.7) Net cash used for financing activities $ (100.5) $ (10.9) $ (89.6) 21 Table of Contents The change in net cash used for financing activities was primarily due to debt repayments during 2023 compared with additional borrowings in 2022.
Nuvera continues to focus on placing 45kW and 60kW fuel cell engines in niche, heavy-duty vehicle applications with expected significant fuel cell adoption potential.
Nuvera continues to focus on placing 45kW and 60kW fuel cell production engines for demonstration in a limited number of niche, heavy-duty vehicle applications with expected significant fuel cell adoption potential where batteries alone cannot meet the market’s need. As a result, these applications are expected to have nearer-term fuel cell adoption potential.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company owned a 90% majority interest in Hyster-Yale Maximal Forklift (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. ("Hyster-Yale Maximal"), a Chinese manufacturer of low-intensity and standard lift trucks and specialized material handling equipment. Hyster-Yale Maximal also designs and produces specialized products in the port equipment and rough terrain forklift markets.
("Hyster-Yale Maximal"), a Chinese manufacturer of low-intensity and standard lift trucks and specialized material handling equipment. Hyster-Yale Maximal also designs and produces specialized products in the port equipment and rough terrain forklift markets. Lift trucks and component parts are manufactured in the United States, Northern Ireland, China, Mexico, the Netherlands, Brazil, the Philippines, Italy, Japan and Vietnam.
Unit backlog as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, excludes 2,600 suspended orders, for which the Company has no plans to fulfill. As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of the Company's backlog is expected to be sold within the next twelve months.
As of December 31, 2023, substantially all of the Company's backlog is expected to be sold within the next twelve months.
The Company recognized a net loss attributable to stockholders of $74.1 million in 2022 compared with $173.0 million in 2021. The improvement was primarily the result of higher operating profit and the absence of a valuation allowance of $58.6 million provided against deferred tax assets in 2021.
The Company recognized net income attributable to stockholders of $125.9 million in 2023 compared with a net loss attributable to stockholders of $74.1 million in 2022. The improvement was primarily the result of the factors affecting operating profit (loss), partially offset by higher income taxes and interest expense.
The materials handling business historically has been cyclical because the order rate for lift trucks fluctuates depending on the economic activity level in the various industries and countries its customers serve. Lift trucks and component parts are manufactured in the United States, China, Northern Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Brazil, the Philippines, Italy, Japan and Vietnam.
The materials handling business historically has been cyclical because the order rate for lift trucks fluctuates depending on the economic activity level in the various industries and countries its customers serve. The Company owns a 90% majority interest in Hyster-Yale Maximal Forklift (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd.
Factors which could result in future impairment charges include, but are not limited to, changes in worldwide economic conditions, changes in competitive conditions and customer preferences. These risk factors are discussed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of this Form 10-K. In addition, changes in the weighted average cost of capital could also impact impairment testing results.
These risk factors are discussed in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, changes in the weighted average cost of capital could also impact impairment testing results. The Company will continue to monitor its reporting units and asset groups for any indicators of impairment.
As of December 31, 2022, Bolzoni had $48.6 million of goodwill. Based on the most recent interim impairment test, Bolzoni's fair value of equity exceeded the carrying value by $79.9 million or approximately 47%.
As of December 31, 2023, Bolzoni had $50.6 million of goodwill. Based on the most recent interim impairment test, Bolzoni's fair value of equity exceeded the carrying value by approximately $50 million or 30%. Factors which could result in future impairment charges include, but are not limited to, changes in worldwide economic conditions, changes in competitive conditions and customer preferences.
The dollar value of bookings and backlog is calculated using the current unit bookings and backlog and the forecasted average sales price per unit. Sales value of the Company's backlog as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, excludes the sales value of 2,600 suspended orders, for which the Company has no plans to fulfill.
The dollar value of bookings and backlog is calculated using the current unit bookings and backlog and the forecasted average sales price per unit.
Bolzoni recognized operating profit of $6.2 million in 2022 compared with an operating loss of $1.8 million in 2021 primarily due to higher gross profit from improved pricing and a shift in mix to higher-margin products, partially offset by material cost inflation and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates.
EMEA's operating profit improved mainly due to improved gross profit from improved pricing of $102.8 million, partially offset by lower volumes and manufacturing inefficiencies. 20 Table of Contents JAPIC's operating loss increased to $15.6 million in 2023 from $10.6 million in 2022, primarily due to higher selling, general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher gross profit from a shift in mix to higher-margin products and material cost deflation.
The Company expects to contribute approximately $1.4 million to its non-U.S. pension plans in 2023. In addition, the Company has recourse and repurchase obligations with a maximum undiscounted potential liability of $133.2 million at December 31, 2022.
The purchase and other obligations are primarily for accounts payable, open purchase orders and accrued payroll and incentive compensation. In addition, the Company has recourse and repurchase obligations with a maximum undiscounted potential liability of $162.4 million at December 31, 2023.
The increase in gross profit in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily due to favorable pricing of $300.5 million and improved unit and parts volume in the lift truck business.
The increase in Lift Truck operating profit was primarily due to improved gross profit from higher pricing of $270.6 million, mainly in the Americas and EMEA, a shift in sales to higher margin lift trucks, lower material costs net of manufacturing inefficiencies, primarily in the Americas, and higher unit and parts sales compared with 2022.
See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of the retirement benefit plans.
The Term Loan was also amended in the second quarter of 2023 for the purpose of changing the benchmark interest rate for borrowings under the Term Loan from LIBOR to Term SOFR, each as defined in the Term Loan. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
The changes in working capital were mainly due to a smaller increase in inventory in 2022 compared 2021.
The changes in working capital were mainly due to a decrease in accounts payable in 2023 compared to 2022 and lower customer deposits for down payments on orders.
JAPIC (10.6) (67.5) 84.3 % Lift truck business (10.4) (86.9) 88.0 % Bolzoni 6.2 (1.8) 444.4 % Nuvera (34.3) (62.3) 44.9 % Eliminations (0.6) (1.3) n.m. $ (39.1) $ (152.3) 74.3 % 18 Table of Contents Favorable / (Unfavorable) % Change 2022 2021 2022 vs. 2021 Interest expense 28.4 15.5 (83.2) % Other income (5.1) (12.9) (60.5) % Income (loss) before income taxes (62.4) (154.9) 59.7 % Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders $ (74.1) $ (173.0) 57.2 % Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ (4.38) $ (10.29) 57.4 % Reported income tax rate (14.7) % (18.3) % n.m. - not meaningful Following is the detail of the Company's unit shipments, bookings and backlog of unfilled orders placed with its manufacturing and assembly operations for new lift trucks, reflected in thousands of units.
Reported income tax rate 29.2 % (14.7) % n.m. - not meaningful Following is the detail of the Company's unit shipments, bookings and backlog of unfilled orders placed with its manufacturing and assembly operations for new lift trucks, reflected in thousands of units.
The Company had other debt outstanding, excluding finance leases, of approximately $171.2 million at December 31, 2022. In addition to the excess availability under the Facility of $157.7 million, the Company had remaining availability of $25.2 million related to other non-U.S. revolving credit agreements.
The Company had other debt outstanding, excluding finance leases, of approximately $172.5 million at December 31, 2023.
This is expected to be achieved by further expanding a wide variety of vehicle innovations including: new modular and scalable product families, truck electrification projects and technology advancements in product automation, power options, telemetry and operator assist systems; Be the leader in the delivery of industry- and customer-focused solutions, by transforming the Company's sales approach to meet a wide variety of customer needs across a broad set of end markets; and Be the leader in independent distribution, by focusing on effectively coordinating dealer and major accounts coverage, dealer excellence and ensuring outstanding dealer ownership globally.
The Lift Truck business' capabilities in this area are expected to be enhanced by bringing to market a wide variety of vehicle innovations, including new modular and scalable product families, truck electrification projects and technology advancements in operator assist systems (OAS), power options and vehicle automation. The Company continues to make progress on its high priority projects.
Nuvera announced several projects in 2022 with various third parties to test Nuvera ® engines in heavy-duty applications, including the Port of Los Angeles, which began testing in late 2022, and in multiple European ports which are expected to begin testing in 2023. Nuvera is also developing a new 125kW fuel cell engine for heavier-duty applications.
Nuvera has announced several projects with various third parties to test Nuvera ® engines in targeted applications, including the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Valencia, and most recently with Helinor Energy for zero-emission energy solutions for maritime applications.
Operational and Strategic Perspectives - Bolzoni Over the course of 2023, Bolzoni expects component shortages to continue moderating, while further increasing prices to offset higher input costs. Combined, these are expected to result in increased margins over time and higher 2023 full-year operating profit compared with 2022. Bolzoni's core strategy is to be the leader in the Attachments business.
Operating profit is expected to increase year-over-year as higher product margins and anticipated manufacturing efficiency improvements are projected to more than offset higher material and operating costs. Bolzoni's core strategy is to be the leader in the attachments business.
The increase in gross profit was partially offset as result of material and freight cost inflation and higher manufacturing costs resulting from inefficiencies associated with component shortages of $189.9 million and unfavorable foreign currency movements, including derivative contracts, of $23.4 million. Higher selling, general and administrative expenses primarily due to increase employee-related costs partially offset the improvement in gross profit.
Bolzoni's operating profit increased to $15.3 million in 2023 compared with $6.2 million in 2022, primarily due to higher gross profit from improved pricing, lower manufacturing costs and higher volumes. The increase was partially offset by a shift to lower margin products and higher selling, general and administrative expenses, mainly related to higher employee costs, including incentive compensation.
These anticipated bookings' decreases, combined with planned production increases, should help the Company reduce its backlog, which has begun trending down, to more competitive levels over the course of 2023.
These technology solutions had strong 2023 growth rates, and the Company expects to build on that momentum in 2024. Planned production rate increases combined with 25 Table of Contents anticipated market decreases in the first half of 2024 should help the Company reduce its extended lead times and backlog closer to pre-pandemic levels over 2024.
In 2023, the Company expects a positive price-to-current cost ratio, in part to address ongoing cost increases in certain areas. The Company will continue to monitor material and labor costs closely, as well as the impact of tariffs, and adjust pricing accordingly.
The Company is working to reduce the earnings impact from externally driven factors through increased manufacturing productivity and expense control. The Company will continue to monitor labor and material costs closely, as well as the impacts from tariffs and competition, and will adjust forward pricing accordingly.
Removed
During 2021, the Company signed an Equity Transfer Agreement with Y-C Hongkong Holding Co., Limited (“HK Holding Co”). In June 2022, the Company purchased 15% of the equity interest of Hyster-Yale Maximal from HK Holding Co for an aggregate purchase price of $25.2 million, which will be paid in annual installments of $8.4 million beginning June 2022 through June 2024.
Added
See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company's 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of financial condition and results of operations for 2022 compared with 2021.
Removed
The Company has an option to purchase HK Holding Co's 10% remaining interest in Hyster-Yale Maximal at any time prior to June 8, 2056 for $16.8 million. If this option is exercised, the Company will own 100% of the equity interest of Hyster-Yale Maximal. The Company operates Bolzoni S.p.A. ("Bolzoni").
Added
JAPIC (15.6) (10.6) (47.2) % Lift truck business 229.6 (10.4) n.m. Bolzoni 15.3 6.2 146.8 % Nuvera (36.4) (34.3) (6.1) % Eliminations 0.2 (0.6) n.m. $ 208.7 $ (39.1) n.m. Interest expense 37.3 28.4 (31.3) % Other income (9.6) (5.1) 88.2 % Income (loss) before income taxes 181.0 (62.4) n.m.
Removed
The Company's objective is to be a leading, globally integrated designer, manufacturer and marketer of a complete range of lift truck solutions offering the lowest cost of ownership and the best overall value by leveraging its high quality, application-tailored lift trucks, attachments and power solutions in order to transform the way the world moves materials from Port to Home.
Added
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders $ 125.9 $ (74.1) n.m. Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 7.24 $ (4.38) n.m.
Removed
The Company’s core competency is lift truck manufacturing, but its goal is to become the lift truck solutions partner to the materials handling market, one customer and one industry at a time.
Added
Bolzoni revenues increased in 2023 compared with 2022 mainly from higher volume and price increases, partially offset by an increase in the sale of lower-priced products.
Removed
The Company’s objective is to provide a wide-range of solutions to its customers to generate profitable growth through increasing volumes, which in turn are expected to generate market share gains and drive improved margins.
Added
These items were partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses primarily due to increased employee-related costs, including incentive compensation, as well as higher marketing, product liability and product development costs.
Removed
The Company plans to accomplish this by implementing its core strategic initiatives to: provide the lowest cost of ownership, while enhancing productivity for customers; be the leader in the delivery of industry- and customer-focused solutions; be the leader in independent distribution; grow in emerging markets; be the leader in the attachments business and be a leader in fuel cells and their applications.
Added
Operating profit in the Americas increased primarily due to improved gross profit from higher pricing of $163.8 million, lower material costs net of manufacturing inefficiencies, a shift in sales to higher margin lift trucks and increased unit and parts sales.
Removed
Long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets: Net property, plant and equipment, right-of-use ("ROU") assets, goodwill and net intangible assets at December 31, 2022 were $310.0 million, $57.2 million, $51.3 million and $42.7 million, respectively. The Company makes estimates and assumptions in preparing the consolidated financial statements for which actual results will emerge over long periods of time.
Added
These improvements were partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily related to higher employee costs, including incentive compensation, higher marketing and product development to support the Company's strategic initiatives and higher product liability costs.
Removed
This includes the recoverability of long-lived assets employed in the business, including assets of acquired businesses. These estimates and assumptions are closely monitored and periodically adjusted as circumstances warrant. For instance, expected asset lives may be shortened or an impairment recorded based on a change in the expected use of the asset or performance of the related asset group.
Added
Financing Activities The Company has a $320.8 million secured, floating-rate revolving credit facility (the "Facility") that expires in June 2026 and a $225.0 million term loan (the "Term Loan"), which matures in May 2028.
Removed
During 2021, the Company continued to experience pandemic-related and other global supply chain constraints, component shortages, shipping container availability constraints and higher freight costs, as well as significant material cost inflation resulting from the accelerated pace of the market recovery. These items significantly impacted the Company's results of operations in 2021.
Added
The Facility was amended in the second quarter of 2023 for the purpose of, among other items, (i) establishing a new tranche of revolving loans with aggregate commitments of $25.0 million under the Facility and (ii) changing the benchmark interest rate for U.S. dollar-denominated borrowings under the Facility from LIBOR to Term SOFR, each as defined in the Facility.
Removed
In addition, the timeframe for the expected easing of these factors impacted the Company's near and long-term forecasts. Accordingly, in connection with the preparation of the 2021 financial statements, the Company conducted an interim goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2021 for the JAPIC and Bolzoni reporting units.
Added
The $25.0 million tranche will terminate on May 1, 2024 unless otherwise terminated prior to such date by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Facility. Commencing December 1, 2023, the $25.0 million tranche began to amortize on a monthly basis in the amount of $4.2 million per month. At December 31, 2023, $20.8 million was outstanding.
Removed
As a result, the Company recognized a $55.6 million goodwill impairment charge for the JAPIC reporting unit in the fourth quarter of 2021, of which $11.7 million related to the non-controlling interest share. No impairment of goodwill for the Bolzoni reporting unit was identified. The Company has intangible assets, including customer and contractual relationships, patents and technology, and trademarks.
Added
At December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Term Loan.
Removed
Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over a period ranging from one to twenty years on a systematic and rational basis (generally straight line) that is representative of the asset’s use. Costs related to internally developed intangible assets, such as patents, are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Added
PERSPECTIVE AND OUTLOOK Market Commentary Generally, the 2023 global economy performed better than anticipated. The Company's core lift truck market remains strong and above pre-pandemic levels in most regions.
Removed
Intangible assets with an indefinite life, including certain trademarks, are not amortized. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually as of May 1, and are tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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Biggest changeThese contracts generally mature within 36 months and require the companies to buy or sell euros, Japanese yen, U.S. dollars, Chinese renminbi, British pounds, Mexican pesos, Swedish kroner and Australian dollars for its functional currency at rates agreed to at the inception of the contracts.
Biggest changeThese contracts generally mature within 36 months and require the companies to buy or sell euros, Japanese yen, U.S. dollars, Chinese renminbi, British pounds, Swedish kroner, Mexican pesos and Australian dollars for its functional currency at rates agreed to at the inception of the contracts.
See also Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 27 Table of Contents For purposes of risk analysis, the Company uses sensitivity analysis to measure the potential loss in fair value of financial instruments sensitive to changes in interest rates.
See also Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 28 Table of Contents For purposes of risk analysis, the Company uses sensitivity analysis to measure the potential loss in fair value of financial instruments sensitive to changes in interest rates.
A hypothetical 10% decrease in interest rates would cause a decrease in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements and the asset would decrease by approximately $3.2 million. FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE RISK The Company operates internationally and enters into transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
A hypothetical 10% decrease in interest rates would cause a decrease in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements and the asset would decrease by approximately $2.9 million. FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE RISK The Company operates internationally and enters into transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
Assuming a hypothetical 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar compared with other foreign currencies at December 31, 2022, the fair value of the liability of foreign currency-sensitive financial instruments, which primarily represent forward foreign currency exchange contracts, would be increased by $11.0 million compared with the fair value at December 31, 2022.
Assuming a hypothetical 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar compared with other foreign currencies at December 31, 2023, the fair value of the liability of foreign currency-sensitive financial instruments, which primarily represent forward foreign currency exchange contracts, would be increased by $19.7 million compared with the fair value at December 31, 2023.
The Company assumes that a loss in fair value is either a decrease to its assets or an increase to its liabilities. The fair value of the Company's interest rate swap agreements was a net asset of $16.1 million at December 31, 2022.
The Company assumes that a loss in fair value is either a decrease to its assets or an increase to its liabilities. The fair value of the Company's interest rate swap agreements was a net asset of $11.9 million at December 31, 2023.
The fair value of these contracts was a net liability of $43.5 million at December 31, 2022. See also Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The fair value of these contracts was a net liability of $12.2 million at December 31, 2023. See also Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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