Biggest changeThe prior period headcount has been revised for consistent presentation. 25 Table of Contents Non-GAAP Measures Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Revenues $ 1,132,455 $ 905,640 $ 844,127 Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 75,552 $ 62,987 $ (23,718) Add back: Income tax expense (benefit) 33,025 17,049 (10,155) Interest expense, net of interest income 11,883 8,150 9,292 Depreciation and amortization 28,233 26,347 29,644 Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) 148,693 114,533 5,063 Add back: Restructuring charges 9,909 12,401 21,374 Other losses (gains) (193) 198 (150) Transaction-related expenses 50 1,782 1,132 Goodwill impairment charges — — 59,816 Unrealized gain on preferred stock investment (26,964) — (1,667) Losses (gains) on sales of businesses — (31,510) 1,603 Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net (655) 419 (31) Adjusted EBITDA $ 130,840 $ 97,823 $ 87,140 Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues 11.6 % 10.8 % 10.3 % Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 75,552 $ 62,987 $ (23,718) Weighted average shares - diluted 20,746 21,809 21,882 Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations $ 3.64 $ 2.89 $ (1.08) Add back: Amortization of intangible assets 11,198 9,251 12,696 Restructuring charges 9,909 12,401 21,374 Other losses (gains) (193) 198 (150) Transaction-related expenses 50 1,782 1,132 Goodwill impairment charges — — 59,816 Unrealized gain on preferred stock investment (26,964) — (1,667) Losses (gains) on sales of businesses — (31,510) 1,603 Tax effect of adjustments 1,590 1,742 (23,199) Total adjustments, net of tax (4,410) (6,136) 71,605 Adjusted net income from continuing operations $ 71,142 $ 56,851 $ 47,887 Adjusted weighted average shares - diluted 20,746 21,809 22,299 Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations $ 3.43 $ 2.61 $ 2.15 26 Table of Contents Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021 Revenues Revenues by segment and capability for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: Revenues (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, Increase / (Decrease) 2022 2021 $ % Segment: Healthcare $ 534,999 $ 444,767 $ 90,232 20.3 % Education 359,835 242,374 117,461 48.5 % Commercial 237,621 218,499 19,122 8.8 % Total revenues $ 1,132,455 $ 905,640 $ 226,815 25.0 % Capability: Consulting and Managed Services $ 637,994 $ 555,915 $ 82,079 14.8 % Digital 494,461 349,725 144,736 41.4 % Total revenues $ 1,132,455 $ 905,640 $ 226,815 25.0 % Total revenues increased $226.8 million, or 25.0%, to $1.13 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $905.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Biggest changeWe do not present utilization rates for our Managed Services professionals as most of the revenues generated by these employees are not billed on an hourly basis. 26 Table of Contents Non-GAAP Measures Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Revenues $ 1,362,060 $ 1,132,455 $ 905,640 Net income $ 62,479 $ 75,552 $ 62,987 Add back: Income tax expense 21,416 33,025 17,049 Interest expense, net of interest income 19,573 11,883 8,150 Depreciation and amortization 25,672 28,233 26,347 Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) 129,140 148,693 114,533 Add back: Restructuring charges 11,550 9,909 12,401 Other losses (gains), net (444) (193) 198 Transaction-related expenses 357 50 1,782 Unrealized loss (gain) on preferred stock investment 26,262 (26,964) — Gain on sale of business — — (31,510) Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net 476 (655) 419 Adjusted EBITDA $ 167,341 $ 130,840 $ 97,823 Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues 12.3 % 11.6 % 10.8 % Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net income $ 62,479 $ 75,552 $ 62,987 Weighted average shares - diluted 19,601 20,746 21,809 Diluted earnings per share $ 3.19 $ 3.64 $ 2.89 Add back: Amortization of intangible assets 8,219 11,198 9,251 Restructuring charges 11,550 9,909 12,401 Other losses (gains), net (444) (193) 198 Transaction-related expenses 357 50 1,782 Unrealized loss (gain) on preferred stock investment 26,262 (26,964) — Gain on sale of business — — (31,510) Tax effect of adjustments (12,175) 1,590 1,742 Total adjustments, net of tax 33,769 (4,410) (6,136) Adjusted net income $ 96,248 $ 71,142 $ 56,851 Adjusted weighted average shares - diluted 19,601 20,746 21,809 Adjusted diluted earnings per share $ 4.91 $ 3.43 $ 2.61 27 Table of Contents Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022 Revenues Revenues by segment and capability for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: Revenues (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, Increase / (Decrease) 2023 2022 $ % Segment: Healthcare $ 673,989 $ 534,999 $ 138,990 26.0 % Education 429,663 359,835 69,828 19.4 % Commercial 258,408 237,621 20,787 8.7 % Total revenues $ 1,362,060 $ 1,132,455 $ 229,605 20.3 % Capability: Consulting and Managed Services $ 782,020 $ 637,994 $ 144,026 22.6 % Digital 580,040 494,461 85,579 17.3 % Total revenues $ 1,362,060 $ 1,132,455 $ 229,605 20.3 % Total revenues increased $229.6 million, or 20.3%, to $1.36 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $1.13 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022.
First, we generally earn fees that are directly related to the savings formally acknowledged by the client as a result of adopting our recommendations for improving operational and cost effectiveness in the areas we review. Second, we earn a success fee when and if certain predefined outcomes occur. Often, performance-based fees supplement our time-and-expense or fixed-fee engagements.
First, we generally earn fees that are directly related to the savings formally acknowledged by the client as a result of adopting our recommendations for improving operational and cost effectiveness in the areas we review. Second, we earn a success fee when and if certain predefined outcomes occur. Often, performance-based fees supplement our fixed-fee or time-and-expense engagements.
Direct costs primarily consist of payroll costs for our revenue-generating professionals, which includes salaries, performance bonuses, share-based compensation, signing and retention bonuses, payroll taxes and benefits.
Direct costs primarily consist of compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals, which includes salaries, performance bonuses, share-based compensation, signing and retention bonuses, payroll taxes and benefits.
Available hours are determined by the standard hours worked by each billable consultant, adjusted for part-time hours, and U.S. standard work weeks. Available working hours exclude local country holidays and vacation days. Utilization rates are presented for our revenue-generating professionals who primarily bill on an hourly basis.
Available working hours are determined by the standard hours worked by each billable consultant, adjusted for part-time hours, and U.S. standard work weeks. Available working hours exclude local country holidays and vacation days. Utilization rates are presented for our revenue-generating professionals who primarily bill on an hourly basis.
By collaborating with clients, embracing diverse perspectives, encouraging new ideas and challenging the status quo, we create sustainable results for the organizations we serve. We provide our services and manage our business under three operating segments: Healthcare, Education and Commercial. We also provide revenue reporting across two principal capabilities: i) Consulting and Managed Services and ii) Digital.
By collaborating with clients, embracing diverse perspectives, encouraging new ideas and challenging the status quo, we create sustainable results for the organizations we serve. We provide our services and products and manage our business under three operating segments: Healthcare, Education and Commercial. We also provide revenue reporting across two principal capabilities: i) Consulting and Managed Services and ii) Digital.
Provisions are recorded for the estimated realization adjustments on all engagements, including engagements for which fees are subject to review by the bankruptcy courts. We continually evaluate our estimates of the provisions based on available information and experiences. Additionally, when accounting for fixed-fee and performance-based billing arrangements, we must make additional judgments and estimates as further described below.
Provisions are recorded for the estimated realization on all engagements, including engagements for which fees are subject to review by the bankruptcy courts. We continually evaluate our estimates of the provisions based on available information and experiences. Additionally, when accounting for fixed-fee and performance-based billing arrangements, we must make additional judgments and estimates as further described below.
The results of an impairment analysis are as of a point in time. There is no assurance that the actual future earnings or cash flows of our reporting units will be consistent with our projections. We will continue to monitor any changes to our assumptions and will evaluate goodwill as deemed warranted during future periods.
The results of an impairment analysis are as of a point in time. There is no assurance that the actual future earnings or cash flows of our reporting units will be consistent with our projections. We will monitor any changes to our assumptions and will evaluate goodwill as deemed warranted during future periods.
Other losses (gains): We exclude the effects of other losses (gains), which primarily relate to changes in the estimated fair value of our liabilities for contingent consideration related to business acquisitions and litigation settlement losses and gains, to permit comparability with periods that are not impacted by these items.
Other losses (gains), net: We exclude the effects of other losses and gains, which primarily relate to changes in the estimated fair value of our liabilities for contingent consideration related to business acquisitions and litigation settlement losses and gains, to permit comparability with periods that are not impacted by these items.
OVERVIEW Huron is a global professional services firm that partners with clients to develop growth strategies, optimize operations and accelerate digital transformation using an enterprise portfolio of technology, data and analytics solutions to empower clients to own their future.
OVERVIEW Huron is a global professional services firm that partners with clients to develop growth strategies, optimize operations and accelerate digital transformation, including using an enterprise portfolio of technology, data and analytics solutions, to empower clients to own their future.
Time-and-expense arrangements also include speaking engagements, conferences and publications purchased by our clients. • Performance-based: In performance-based fee billing arrangements, fees are tied to the attainment of contractually defined objectives. We enter into performance-based engagements in essentially two forms.
Time-and-expense arrangements also include speaking engagements, conferences and publications purchased by our clients. • Performance-based: In performance-based billing arrangements, fees are tied to the attainment of contractually defined objectives. We enter into performance-based engagements in essentially two forms.
We proactively plan and manage the size and composition of our workforce and take actions as needed to address changes in the anticipated demand for our services as compensation costs are the most significant portion of our operating expenses.
We proactively plan and manage the size and composition of our workforce and take actions as needed to address changes in the anticipated demand for our services as employee compensation costs are the most significant portion of our operating expenses.
We believe that these unrealized gains are not indicative of the ongoing performance of our business and their exclusion permits comparability with prior periods.
We believe that these unrealized losses and gains are not indicative of the ongoing performance of our business and their exclusion permits comparability with prior periods.
A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (referred to as a component) to which goodwill is assigned when initially recorded. We assign goodwill to reporting units based on our integration plans and the expected synergies resulting from the acquisition. As of December 31, 2022, we have three reporting units: Healthcare, Education, and Commercial.
A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (referred to as a component) to which goodwill is assigned when initially recorded. We assign goodwill to reporting units based on our integration plans and the expected synergies resulting from the acquisition. As of December 31, 2023, we have three reporting units: Healthcare, Education, and Commercial.
Based on our assessments, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values for each of our reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. As such, the goodwill for our reporting units was not considered impaired as of November 30, 2022, and a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis was not necessary.
Based on our assessments, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values for each of our reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. As such, the goodwill for our reporting units was not considered impaired as of November 30, 2023, and a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis was not necessary.
We utilized a discounted cash flow analysis, which involves estimating the expected after-tax cash flows that will be generated by each reporting unit and then discounting those cash flows to present value, reflecting the relevant risks associated with each reporting unit and the time value of money.
We utilize a discounted cash flow analysis, which involves estimating the expected after-tax cash flows that will be generated by each reporting unit and then discounting those cash flows to present value, reflecting the relevant risks associated with each reporting unit and the time value of money.
One of the key assumptions used within the prior quantitative analysis was our internal financial projections; therefore, we considered the actual performance of each reporting unit during 2022 compared to the internal financial projections used, as well as specific outlooks for each reporting unit based on our most recent internal financial projections.
One of the key assumptions used within the prior quantitative analysis was our internal financial projections; therefore, we considered the actual performance of each reporting unit during 2022 and 2023 compared to the internal financial projections used, as well as specific outlooks for each reporting unit based on our most recent internal financial projections.
Share Repurchase Program In November 2020, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program permitting us to repurchase up to $50 million of our common stock through December 31, 2021. The share repurchase program has been subsequently extended and increased, most recently in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Share Repurchase Program In November 2020, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program permitting us to repurchase up to $50 million of our common stock through December 31, 2021. The share repurchase program has been subsequently extended and increased, most recently in the fourth quarter of 2023.
For purposes of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio, total debt is on a gross basis and is not netted against our cash balances. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.
For purposes of the Consolidated Leverage Ratio, total debt is on a gross basis and is not netted against our cash balances. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.
Software support, maintenance and subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the support or subscription period. These fees are generally billed in advance and included in deferred revenues until recognized. 19 Table of Contents Time-and-expense engagements do not provide us with a high degree of predictability as to performance in future periods.
Software support, maintenance and subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the support or subscription period. These fees are generally billed in advance and included in deferred revenues until recognized. Time-and-expense engagements do not provide us with a high degree of predictability as to performance in future periods.
Fees and interest on borrowings vary based on our Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). At our option, borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement will bear interest at one, three or six month Term SOFR or an alternate base rate, in each case plus the applicable margin.
Fees and interest on borrowings under the revolving credit facility vary based on our Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). At our option, these borrowings will bear interest at one, three or six month Term SOFR or an alternate base rate, in each case plus the applicable margin.
See Note 3 “Acquisitions and Divestitures” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our acquisitions and Note 13 “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our contingent consideration liabilities.
See Note 3 “Acquisitions and Divestiture” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our acquisitions and Note 13 “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our contingent consideration liabilities.
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including identifiable intangible assets, are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with the exception of contract assets and liabilities which are recognized and measured in accordance with our revenue recognition accounting policy described in Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements .
The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including identifiable intangible assets, are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with the exception of contract assets and liabilities which are recognized and measured in accordance with our revenue recognition accounting policy described in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” within the notes to the consolidated financial statements .
We estimate that cash utilized for purchases of property and equipment and software development in 2023 will total approximately $30 million to $35 million; primarily consisting of software development costs, information technology related equipment to support our corporate infrastructure, and leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures for certain office locations. 33 Table of Contents Financing Activities Our financing activities primarily consist of borrowings and repayments under our senior secured credit facility, share repurchases, shares redeemed for employee tax withholdings upon vesting of share-based compensation, and payments for contingent consideration liabilities related to business acquisitions.
We estimate that cash utilized for purchases of property and equipment and software development in 2024 will total approximately $35 million to $40 million; primarily consisting of software development costs, leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures for certain office locations and information technology related equipment to support our corporate infrastructure. 32 Table of Contents Financing Activities Our financing activities primarily consist of borrowings and repayments under our senior secured credit facility, share repurchases, shares redeemed for employee tax withholdings upon vesting of share-based compensation, and payments for contingent consideration liabilities related to business acquisitions.
The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in segment operating income; partially offset by an increase in corporate expenses, excluding the impact of the change in the market value of our deferred compensation liability and restructuring charges on segment operating income and corporate expenses.
The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in segment operating income, excluding the impact of segment restructuring charges; partially offset by the increase in corporate expenses, excluding the impacts of the change in the market value of our deferred compensation liability and corporate restructuring charges.
We believe our internally generated liquidity, together with our available cash and the borrowing capacity available under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to support our current financing needs and long-term growth strategy.
We believe our internally generated liquidity, together with our available cash and the borrowing capacity available under our senior secured credit facility will be adequate to support our current financing needs and long-term growth strategy.
These borrowings carried a weighted average interest rate of 3.8% at December 31, 2022 and 2.7% at December 31, 2021 including the impact of the interest rate swaps described in Note 12 “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activity" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
These borrowings carried a weighted average interest rate of 4.2% at December 31, 2023 and 3.8% at December 31, 2022 including the impact of the interest rate swaps described in Note 12 “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activity" within the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
We manage our business on the basis of revenues before reimbursable expenses, which we believe is the most accurate reflection of our services because it eliminates the effect of reimbursable expenses that are also included as a component of operating expenses.
These expenses are also included in total revenues and reimbursable expenses. We manage our business on the basis of revenues before reimbursable expenses, which we believe is the most accurate reflection of our services because it eliminates the effect of reimbursable expenses that are also included as a component of operating expenses.
These adjustments will not exceed an increase or decrease of 0.01% in 34 Table of Contents the aggregate for all key performance indicators in the case of the commitment fee rate or an increase or decrease of 0.05% in the aggregate for all key performance indicators in the case of the Term SOFR borrowings, base rate borrowings or letter of credit fee rate.
These annual adjustments will not exceed an increase or decrease of 0.01% in the aggregate for all key performance indicators in the case of the commitment fee rate or an increase or decrease of 0.05% in the aggregate for all key performance indicators in the case of the Term SOFR borrowings, base rate borrowings or letter of credit fee rate.
"Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2022.
“ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2023.
Our historical consolidated results have not been impacted. COMPONENTS OF OPERATING RESULTS Revenues Our revenues are primarily generated by our employees who provide consulting and other professional services to our clients and are billable to our clients based on the number of hours worked, services provided, or achieved outcomes. We refer to these employees as our revenue-generating professionals.
COMPONENTS OF OPERATING RESULTS Revenues Our revenues are primarily generated by our employees who provide consulting and other professional services to our clients and are billable to our clients based on the number of hours worked, services provided, or achieved outcomes. We refer to these employees as our revenue-generating professionals.
This approach requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including forecasted revenue growth rates, forecasted EBITDA margins, and discount rates. Our forecasts are based on historical experience, current backlog, expected market demand, and other industry information. The following is a discussion of the goodwill impairment tests performed during 2022.
This approach requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including forecasted revenue growth 36 Table of Contents rates, forecasted EBITDA margins, and discount rates. Our forecasts are based on historical experience, current backlog, expected market demand, and other industry information. The following is a discussion of the goodwill impairment test performed during 2023.
The initial borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement were used to refinance borrowings outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement, and future borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, permitted acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes.
The initial borrowings under the revolving credit facility were used to refinance borrowings outstanding under a prior credit agreement, and future revolving credit facility borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, permitted acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes.
We include, within the depreciation and amortization adjustment, the amortization of capitalized implementation costs of our enterprise resource planning ("ERP") and other related software, which is included within selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations.
We include, within the depreciation and amortization adjustment, the amortization of capitalized implementation costs of our ERP and other related software, which is included within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
We evaluate our 38 Table of Contents intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. No impairment charges for intangible assets were recorded in 2022.
We evaluate our intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. No impairment charges for intangible assets were recorded in 2023.
Our intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $23.4 million at December 31, 2022 and primarily consist of customer relationships, technology and software, trade names, and non-competition agreements, all of which were acquired through business combinations.
Our intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $18.1 million at December 31, 2023 and primarily consist of customer relationships, technology and software, trade names, and non-competition agreements, all of which were acquired through business combinations.
The carrying value of goodwill for each of our reporting units as of December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands): Reporting Unit Carrying Value of Goodwill Healthcare $ 454,214 Education 122,235 Commercial 48,517 Total $ 624,966 Intangible assets represent purchased assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill.
The carrying value of goodwill for each of our reporting units as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands): Reporting Unit Carrying Value of Goodwill Healthcare $ 454,959 Education 122,235 Commercial 48,517 Total $ 625,711 Intangible assets represent purchased assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill.
The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily attributable to an increase in cash collections in 2022 compared to the prior year; partially offset by increases in payments for salaries and related expenses for our revenue-generating professionals, selling, general and administrative expenses and contractor expenses for 2022 compared to 2021 and an increase in the amount paid for annual performance bonuses in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2021.
The increase in net operating cash flows was primarily related to an increase in cash collections in 2023 compared to the prior year; partially offset by an increase in salaries and related expenses for our revenue-generating professionals, an increase in payments for selling, general and administrative expenses in 2023 compared to the prior year, and an increase in the amount paid for annual performance bonuses in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022.
During 2022, we borrowed $314.0 million under our senior secured credit facility primarily to fund our operations, including our annual performance bonus payment in the first quarter of 2022, and made repayments on our borrowings of $256.8 million.
Net cash used in financing activities was $74.1 million in 2022. During 2022, we borrowed $314.0 million under our senior secured credit facility primarily to fund our operations, including our annual performance bonus payment in the first quarter of 2022, and made repayments on our borrowings of $256.8 million.
If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded in an amount equal to that difference with the loss not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an impairment charge is recorded in an amount equal to that difference with the loss not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. We determine the fair value of our reporting units using the income approach.
Direct costs exclude amortization of intangible assets and software development costs and reimbursable expenses, both of which are separately presented in our consolidated statements of operations. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, performance bonuses, share-based compensation, payroll taxes and benefits for our support personnel.
Direct costs exclude amortization of intangible assets and software development costs and reimbursable expenses, both of which are separately presented in our consolidated statements of operations. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation costs for our support personnel.
To the extent we write-off accounts receivable due to a client’s inability to pay, the charge is recognized as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Business Combinations We use the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations .
We record the provision for doubtful accounts and unbilled services as a reduction in revenue. To the extent we write-off accounts receivable due to a client’s inability to pay, the charge is recognized as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Business Combinations We use the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations .
The borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility is reduced by any outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility and outstanding letters of credit. At both December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $0.7 million, which are used as security deposits for our office facilities.
The borrowing capacity under the Amended Credit Agreement is reduced by any outstanding borrowings under the agreement and outstanding letters of credit. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, which are used as security deposits for our office facilities.
The total number of revenue-generating professionals increased to 4,832 as of December 31, 2022, compared to 3,776 as of December 31, 2021, as a result of hiring to support the overall increase in demand for our services within all of our segments.
The total number of revenue-generating professionals increased 14.2% to 5,519 as of December 31, 2023, compared to 4,832 as of December 31, 2022, as a result of hiring to support the overall increase in demand for our services within all of our segments.
Cash Flows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 85,400 $ 17,987 $ 136,738 Net cash used in investing activities (20,128) (20,143) (42,034) Net cash used in financing activities (74,108) (44,410) (39,615) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (111) 170 484 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ (8,947) $ (46,396) $ 55,573 Operating Activities Our operating assets and liabilities consist primarily of receivables from billed and unbilled services, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related benefits, operating lease obligations and deferred revenues.
Cash Flows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 Net cash provided by operating activities $ 135,262 $ 85,400 $ 17,987 Net cash used in investing activities (36,652) (20,128) (20,143) Net cash used in financing activities (98,327) (74,108) (44,410) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 32 (111) 170 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 315 $ (8,947) $ (46,396) Operating Activities Our operating assets and liabilities consist primarily of receivables from billed and unbilled services, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued payroll and related benefits, operating lease obligations and deferred revenues.
The increase in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals was driven by an increase in headcount and annual salary increases that went into effect in the first quarter of 2022, as well as increases in performance bonus expense and signing, retention and other bonus expenses.
The increase in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals was primarily driven by an increase in performance bonus expense, an increase in headcount, and annual salary increases that went into effect in the first quarter of 2023.
Our quarterly results are impacted principally by the total value, scope, and terms of our client contracts, the number of our revenue-generating professionals who are available to work, our revenue-generating professionals' utilization rate, and the bill rates we charge our clients.
The volume of work performed for any particular client can vary widely from period to period. Our quarterly results are impacted principally by the total value, scope, and terms of our client contracts, the number of our revenue-generating professionals who are available to work, our revenue-generating professionals' utilization rate, and the bill rates we charge our clients.
(4) The number of Managed Services revenue-generating professionals within our Healthcare segment as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was 715, 509, and 96, respectively. The number of Managed Services revenue-generating professionals within our Education segment as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was 106, 72, and 49, respectively.
(3) The number of Managed Services revenue-generating professionals within our Healthcare segment was 924, 715 and 509 as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The number of Managed Services revenue-generating professionals within our Education segment was 103, 106 and 72 as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Unexpected changes in the demand for our services can result in significant variations in utilization and revenues and present a challenge to optimal hiring and staffing. Moreover, our clients typically retain us on an engagement-by-engagement basis, rather than under long-term recurring contracts. The volume of work performed for any particular client can vary widely from period to period.
Unexpected changes in the demand for our services can result in significant variations in utilization and revenues and present a challenge to optimal 21 Table of Contents hiring and staffing. Moreover, our clients typically retain us on an engagement-by-engagement basis, rather than under long-term recurring contracts.
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below and Note 7 “Financing Arrangements” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our senior secured credit facility. Other income, net decreased $14.6 million to $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $35.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below and Note 7 “Financing Arrangements” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our senior secured credit facility. 30 Table of Contents Other income (expense), net decreased $42.6 million to expense of $21.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from income of $20.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The Amended Credit Agreement provides the option to increase the revolving credit facility or establish term loan facilities in an aggregate amount of up to $250 million, subject to customary conditions and the approval of any lender whose commitment would be increased, resulting in a maximum available principal amount under the Amended Credit Agreement of $850 million.
Additionally, the Second Amendment provided for the option to increase the revolving credit facility or establish additional term loan facilities in an aggregate amount up to $250 million, subject to customary conditions and the approval of any lender whose commitment would be increased, resulting in a maximum available principal amount under the Current Credit Agreement of $1.13 billion.
Our ability to secure additional financing in the future, if needed, will depend on several factors, including our future profitability, the quality of our accounts receivable and unbilled services, our relative levels of debt and equity, and the overall condition of the credit markets.
Our ability to secure additional financing in the future, if needed, will depend on several factors, including our future profitability, the quality of our accounts receivable and unbilled services, our relative levels of debt and equity, and the overall condition of the credit markets. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS We are not a party to any material off-balance sheet arrangements.
(3) Managed Services capability revenues within our Healthcare segment was $67.6 million, $47.7 million and $28.7 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Managed Services capability revenues within our Education segment was $15.7 million, $9.1 million and $6.8 million for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2) Managed Services capability revenues within our Healthcare segment was $70.1 million, $67.6 million and $47.7 million for the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Managed Services capability revenues within our Education segment was $19.5 million, $15.7 million and $9.1 million for the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Operating Income and Operating Margin Operating income increased $46.9 million to $99.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $52.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Operating margin, which is defined as operating income expressed as a percentage of revenues, increased to 8.8% for 2022, compared to 5.8% for 2021.
Operating Income and Operating Margin Operating income increased $25.6 million to $125.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $99.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Operating margin, which is defined as operating income expressed as a percentage of revenues, increased to 9.2% for 2023, compared to 8.8% for 2022.
The Company and PNC Capital Markets, LLC, as Sustainability Structuring Agent, may amend the Amended Credit Agreement, with the consent of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), in order to incorporate specified key performance indicators with respect to certain environmental, social and governance targets of the Company.
In April 2023, the Company and PNC Capital Markets, LLC, as Sustainability Structuring Agent, with the consent of the Required Lenders (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Amended Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”) to incorporate specified key performance indicators with respect to certain environmental, social and governance targets of the Company.
Fixed-fee arrangements also include software licenses for our revenue cycle management software and research administration and compliance software. • Time-and-expense: Under time-and-expense billing arrangements, we require the client to pay based on the number of hours worked by our revenue-generating professionals at agreed upon rates.
We set the fees based on our estimates of the costs and timing for completing the engagements. Fixed-fee arrangements also include software licenses for our revenue cycle management software and research administration and compliance software. • Time-and-expense: Under time-and-expense billing arrangements, we invoice our clients based on the number of hours worked by our revenue-generating professionals at agreed upon rates.
“Risk Factors.” Future Financing Needs Our primary financing need is to fund our long-term growth. Our growth strategy is to expand our service offerings, which may require investments in new hires, acquisitions of complementary businesses, possible expansion into other geographic areas, and related capital expenditures.
Our growth strategy is to expand our service offerings, which may require investments in new hires, acquisitions of complementary businesses, possible expansion into other geographic areas, and related capital expenditures.
Segment Results Segment operating income consists of the revenues generated by a segment, less operating expenses that are incurred directly by the segment. Other operating expenses not allocated at the segment level include corporate costs related to administrative functions that are performed in a centralized manner that are not attributable to a particular segment.
Other operating expenses not allocated at the segment level include corporate costs related to administrative functions that are performed in a centralized manner that are not attributable to a particular segment.
Revenues within our Digital capability increased 41.4% to $494.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $349.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, and reflected strengthened demand in all of our segments. The utilization rate within our Digital capability decreased to 71.0% in 2022, compared to 72.5% in 2021.
Revenues within our Digital capability increased 17.3% to $580.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $494.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and reflected strengthened demand in all of our segments. The utilization rate within our Digital capability increased to 75.3% in 2023, compared to 71.0% in 2022.
The current authorization extends the share repurchase program through December 31, 2023 with a repurchase amount of $300 million, of which $108.9 million remains available as of December 31, 2022.
The current authorization extends the share repurchase program through December 31, 2024 with a repurchase amount of $400 million, of which $86.2 million remains available as of December 31, 2023.
These non-GAAP financial measures differ from GAAP because they exclude a number of items required by GAAP, each discussed below. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, any measure of performance, cash flows, or liquidity prepared in accordance with GAAP.
These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, any measure of performance, cash flows, or liquidity prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The $149.1 million increase primarily related to an $113.9 million increase in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals, driven by increased headcount, annual salary increases that went into effect in the first quarter of 2022, and increases in performance bonus expense and share-based compensation expense.
The increases in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals and support personnel were primarily driven by an increase in headcount, annual salary increases that went into effect in the first quarter of 2023, an increase in performance bonus expense, and an increase in share-based compensation expense.
Our Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022 was 1.92 to 1.00, compared to 1.73 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2021. Our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of December 31, 2022 was 14.04 to 1.00, compared to 18.43 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2021.
Our Consolidated Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 1.59 to 1.00, compared to 1.92 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2022. Our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 10.85 to 1.00, compared to 14.04 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2022.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS We are not a party to any material off-balance sheet arrangements. 35 Table of Contents CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
In our Consulting and Managed Services capability, revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased 14.8% to $638.0 million, compared to $555.9 million the year ended December 31, 2021, and reflected strengthened demand in our Education and Healthcare segments. The utilization rate within our Consulting capability increased to 75.2% in 2022, compared to 70.6% in 2021.
In our Consulting and Managed Services capability, revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased 22.6% to $782.0 million, compared to $638.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and reflected strengthened demand in all of our segments. The utilization rate within our Consulting capability increased to 76.6% in 2023, compared to 75.2% in 2022.
The number of revenue-generating professionals within our Education segment grew 50.4% to 1,579 as of December 31, 2022, compared to 1,050 as of December 31, 2021. • Commercial revenues increased $19.1 million, or 8.8%, driven by strengthened demand for our technology and analytics services within our Digital capability and our corporate finance advisory solution within our Consulting and Managed Services capability, partially offset by a decrease in revenues due to the divestiture of our Life Sciences business in the fourth quarter of 2021 and a decrease in demand for our financial advisory solutions within the Consulting and Managed Services capability.
The number of revenue-generating professionals within our Education segment grew 13.2% to 1,788 as of December 31, 2023, compared to 1,579 as of December 31, 2022. • Commercial revenues increased $20.8 million, or 8.7%, driven by strengthened demand for our financial advisory solutions within our Consulting and Managed Services capability and our technology and analytics services within our Digital capability, partially offset by a decrease in demand for our strategy and innovation solution within our Consulting and Managed Services capability.
Upon the effectiveness of any such amendment, and based upon the performance of the Company against those key performance indicators, certain adjustments to the otherwise applicable rates for interest, commitment fees and letter of credit fees will be made.
Based upon the performance of the Company against those key performance indicators in each Reference Year (as defined in the First 33 Table of Contents Amendment), certain adjustments to the otherwise applicable rates for interest, commitment fees and letter of credit fees will be made.
For the goodwill reallocation and impairment tests performed in 2022, we determined the fair value of our reporting units using the income approach. For a company such as ours, the income approach will generally provide the most reliable indication of fair value because the value of such companies is dependent on their ability to generate earnings.
For a company such as ours, the income approach will generally provide the most reliable indication of fair value because the value of such companies is dependent on their ability to generate earnings.
We performed a qualitative assessment over all reporting units to determine if it was more likely than not the respective fair values of these reporting units were less than their carrying amounts, including goodwill.
Pursuant to our policy, we performed our annual goodwill impairment test as of November 30, 2023 for our three reporting units: Healthcare, Education, and Commercial. We performed a qualitative assessment over all reporting units to determine if it was more likely than not the respective fair values of these reporting units were less than their carrying amounts, including goodwill.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $31.3 million, or 17.6%, to $209.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $178.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $48.1 million, or 23.0%, to $257.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $209.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
See Note 17 "Income Taxes" within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our income tax expense (benefit). Net Income from Continuing Operations and Earnings per Share Net income from continuing operations increased $12.6 million to $75.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $63.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
See Note 17 “Income Taxes” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on our income tax expense. Net Income and Earnings per Share Net income decreased $13.1 million to $62.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $75.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our effective tax rate was 21.3% as we recognized income tax expense of $17.0 million on income of $80.0 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, our effective tax rate was 30.4% as we recognized income tax expense of $33.0 million on income of $108.6 million.
Operating margin, which is defined as operating income expressed as a percentage of revenues, increased to 8.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 5.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021, driven by strong revenue growth that outpaced increases in operating expenses. 22 Table of Contents Net income from continuing operations increased $12.6 million, or 19.9%, to $75.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $63.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Operating margin, which is defined as operating income expressed as a percentage of revenues, increased to 9.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 8.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022, driven by strong revenue growth that outpaced increases in operating expenses.
Healthcare operating margin decreased primarily due to the increases in contractor expenses, practice administration and meetings expenses and amortization of intangible assets, as percentages of revenues; partially offset by revenue growth that outpaced the increase in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals. • Education operating income increased primarily due to the increase in revenues, partially offset by increases in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals, contractor expenses, restructuring charges, technology expenses, and promotion and marketing expenses.
Healthcare operating margin increased to 25.7% from 24.5% primarily due to the revenue growth that outpaced the increase in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals; partially offset by an increase in contractor expenses, as a percentage of revenues. • Education operating income increased $20.2 million, or 25.6%, primarily due to the increase in revenues as well as decreases in contractor expenses, restructuring charges, and software and data hosting expenses; partially offset by increases in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals, technology expenses, practice administration and meetings expenses, and promotion and marketing expenses.
The estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. We believe that positions taken on our tax returns are fully supported. However, final determinations of prior year tax positions upon settlement with the taxing authority could be materially different from estimates.
The estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, 37 Table of Contents facts and circumstances existing at that time. We believe that positions taken on our tax returns are fully supported.
See Part I—Item 1. “Business—Overview—Our Services” and Note 19 “Segment Information” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our segments and capabilities, as well as information on the modification to our reportable segments effective January 1, 2022. As a result of the modification, we recast our historical segment information for consistent presentation.
See Part I—Item 1. “Business—Overview—Our Services” and Note 19 “Segment Information” within the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our segments and capabilities.
Adjusted Net Income from Continuing Operations and Adjusted Earnings per Share Adjusted net income from continuing operations increased $14.3 million to $71.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $56.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings per Share Adjusted net income increased $25.1 million to $96.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $71.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Principal borrowings outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 totaled $290.0 million and $230.0 million, respectively.
Borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility at December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $324.0 million and $290.0 million, respectively.
We also made deferred acquisition payments of $1.9 million to the sellers of certain businesses we acquired. These payments were primarily the result of achieving specified financial performance targets in accordance with the related purchase agreements. Net cash used in financing activities was $44.4 million in 2021.
We also made deferred acquisition payments of $1.5 million to the sellers of certain businesses we acquired. These payments were primarily the result of achieving specified financial performance targets in accordance with the related purchase agreements. These uses of cash for financing activities were partially offset by $2.5 million of cash received from stock option exercises in 2023.
The increase in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals was driven by an increase in headcount and annual salary increases that went into effect in the first quarter of 2022, as well as increases in performance bonus expense and share-based compensation expense; partially offset by a decrease in signing, retention and other bonus expenses.
The increases in compensation costs for our revenue-generating professionals were primarily driven by an increase in headcount, annual salary increases that went into effect in the first quarter of 2023, and an increase in performance bonus expense.
Other operating expenses include restructuring charges, depreciation expense, amortization expense related to internally developed software costs and amortization of intangible assets acquired in business combinations.
Other operating expenses include restructuring charges, depreciation expense, amortization expense related to internally developed software costs and amortization of intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Segment Results Segment operating income consists of the revenues generated by a segment, less operating expenses that are incurred directly by the segment.