Biggest changeResults of operations The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022: Amount of Percent change Amount of Percent change increase favorable increase favorable For the year ended December 31, (decrease) (unfavorable) (decrease) (unfavorable) 2020 2021 2022 2020 to 2021 2021 to 2022 (in thousands, except percentages) Revenue $ 165,590 $ 234,747 $ 345,530 $ 69,157 42 % $ 110,783 47 % Cost of revenue 100,599 152,747 229,287 52,148 (52) % 76,540 (50) % Gross margin 64,991 82,000 116,243 17,009 26 % 34,243 42 % Gross margin percent 39 % 35 % 34 % (4) pp (11) % (1) pp (4) % General and administrative (including equity-based compensation of $2,790, $3,258 and $8,802 in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively) 25,940 50,477 68,383 24,537 (95) % 17,906 (35) % Sales and marketing 14,764 27,821 38,540 13,057 (88) % 10,719 (39) % Operations 18,814 26,814 41,267 8,000 (43) % 14,453 (54) % Technology and development 2,787 4,914 13,615 2,127 (76) % 8,701 (177) % Depreciation and amortization 2,898 2,619 3,191 (279) 10 % 572 (22) % Interest, net 542 635 188 93 (17) % (447) 70 % Warrant fair value (gains) losses (214) 456 1,696 670 (313) % 1,240 (272) % Gain on forgiveness of debt — (9,518) — (9,518) n/m 9,518 (100) % Other income, net — — (355) — n/m (355) n/m Loss and comprehensive loss before income taxes (540) (22,218) (50,282) (21,678) n/m % (28,064) (126) % Income tax expense — — 799 — n/m 799 n/m Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (540) $ (22,218) $ (51,081) $ (21,678) n/m % (28,863) (130) % n/m - non-meaningful pp – percentage point 64 Table of Contents Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022: Revenue.
Biggest changeThe majority of our costs are relatively fixed across quarters. 34 Table of Contents Results of operations The following table sets forth our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 (in thousands, other than percentages): Percent Amount of change Year ended December 31, increase favorable 2022 2023 (decrease) (unfavorable) Revenue $ 345,530 $ 329,100 $ (16,430) (5) % Cost of revenue 228,401 233,942 5,541 (2) % Asset impairments 925 40,844 39,919 n/m Gross margin $ 116,204 $ 54,314 $ (61,890) (53) % Gross margin percent 34% 17% (17) pp (51) % General and administrative (1) $ 65,807 $ 72,117 $ 6,310 (10) % Sales and marketing (1) 39,368 32,884 (6,484) 16 % Operations (1) 42,372 28,125 (14,247) 34 % Technology and development (1) 14,219 11,330 (2,889) 20 % Depreciation and amortization 3,191 3,773 582 (18) % Interest, net 188 1,133 945 (503) % (Gain) loss on fair value instruments 1,696 (2,368) (4,064) 240 % Other (income) expense, net (355) 457 812 (229) % Loss and comprehensive loss before income taxes (50,282) (93,138) (42,856) (85) % Income tax expense 799 721 (78) 10 % Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (51,081) $ (93,859) $ (42,778) (84) % n/m - non-meaningful pp – percentage point (1) Note the balances presented for cost of revenue, general and administrative, sales and marketing, operations and technology and development for the year ended December 31, 2022 have been adjusted to reflect the current year’s presentation of the allocation of stock-based compensation.
Non-GAAP Financial Metrics In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we use Adjusted Net Loss, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Free Cash Flow as part of our overall assessment of our performance, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts, to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our board of directors concerning our business and financial performance.
Non-GAAP Financial Metrics In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we use Adjusted Net Loss, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Free Cash Flow as part of our overall assessment of our performance, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts, to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies and to communicate with our Board concerning our business and financial performance.
We have determined that we have one reporting unit. The impairment test requires that we first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If it is concluded that this is the case, we then perform a quantitative impairment test.
The impairment test requires that we first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If it is concluded that this is the case, we then perform a quantitative impairment test. Otherwise, the quantitative impairment test is not required.
Otherwise, the quantitative impairment test is not required. Under the quantitative impairment test, we would compare the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value.
Under the quantitative impairment test, we would compare the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value.
Cost of revenue Cost of revenue includes costs directly related to delivering travel to our subscribers and guests as well as depreciation and amortization related to leasehold improvements and equipment at residences.
Cost and Expense Management Cost of revenue includes costs directly related to delivering travel to our members as well as depreciation and amortization related to leasehold improvements and equipment at residences.
The estimates and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, impacting our reported results of operations and financial condition. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from monthly or annual subscription fees over time.
The estimates and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, impacting our reported results of operations and financial condition.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements For further information on recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2(h) - Leases to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 72 Table of Contents
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements For further information on recently adopted accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 within our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cost of revenue may vary as a percentage of revenue from period to period based on the number of properties that we have under lease, and the mix of subscription and travel revenue that we earn.
We generally expect cost of revenue to vary as a percentage of revenue from period to period based on the number of properties that we have under lease, and the mix of subscription and travel revenue that we earn. We expect cost of revenue to decrease in the near-term as we reduce our portfolio of properties.
Free Cash Flow We define Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment and additions to capitalized software.
Free Cash Flow We define Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less purchases of property and equipment and development of internal-use software.
Seasonality Our travel revenues are seasonal, reflecting typical travel behavior patterns of travelers over the course of the calendar year. In a typical year, the first, third, and fourth quarters have higher travel revenues than the second quarter.
Seasonality Our travel revenues are seasonal, reflecting typical travel behavior patterns of travelers over the course of the calendar year. In a typical year, the first, third, and fourth quarters have higher travel revenues than the second quarter. Our subscription services are seasonal to the extent that interest from potential new members tends to also follow travel revenue.
These costs include payments for properties we lease, operating and maintenance costs of those properties, including on-site service personnel costs as well as costs paid to our hotel partners for subscriber stays.
These direct costs include payments for properties we lease, operating and maintenance costs of those properties, including on-site service personnel costs, costs paid to our hotel partners for member stays, and booking costs from Inspirato Only experiences and Bespoke trips.
Active Subscriptions and Active Subscribers We use Active Subscriptions to assess the adoption of our subscription offerings, which is a key factor in assessing our penetration of the market in which we operate and a key driver of revenue.
Active Subscriptions We define Active Subscriptions as Subscriptions that are paid in full, as well as those for which we expect payment for renewal. We use Active Subscriptions to assess the adoption of our subscription offerings, which is a key factor in assessing our penetration of the market in which we operate and a key driver of revenue.
Key Business Metrics We review a number of operating and financial metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and business plans, and make strategic decisions.
All historical share and per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented. Key Business Metrics We review a number of operating and financial metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections and business plans, and make strategic decisions.
The above items are excluded from our Adjusted EBITDA measure because management believes that these costs and expenses are not indicative of our core operating performance and do not reflect the underlying economics of our business.
We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenue for the same period. The above items are excluded from our Adjusted EBITDA measure because our management believes that they are not indicative of our core operating performance and do not reflect the underlying economics of our business.
Thus, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to any measures derived in accordance with GAAP.
Thus, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to any measures derived in accordance with GAAP. 39 Table of Contents We provide a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Loss, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBTIDA Margin and Free Cash Flow to their respective related GAAP financial measures.
Revenue from travel is recognized when performance obligations are met, generally over the period of the stay. 71 Table of Contents Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is assessed annually for impairment in the fourth quarter and when events and circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill has been reduced below its carrying value.
Intangible and Tangible Asset Impairment Assessment Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is assessed annually for impairment in the fourth quarter and when events and circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill has been reduced below its carrying value. We have determined that we have one reporting unit.
The above items are excluded from our Adjusted Net Loss measure because management believes that these costs and expenses are not indicative of our core operating performance and do not reflect the underlying economics of our business.
Adjusted Net Loss We define Adjusted Net Loss as net loss and comprehensive loss less fair value gains and losses on financial instruments and asset impairments. The above items are excluded from Adjusted Net Loss because our management believes that they are not indicative of our core operating performance and do not reflect the underlying economics of our business.
Revenue is recognized ratably over the related contractual term generally beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a subscriber. We typically bill in advance for monthly and annual contracts. Amounts that have been billed are initially recorded as deferred revenue until the revenue is recognized.
Our subscription agreements typically auto-renew after the initial term. Our agreements are generally cancellable by providing 30 days’ notice. Amounts that have been billed are initially recorded as deferred revenue until the revenue is recognized. Revenue is recognized ratably over the related contractual term, generally beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a member.
Our portfolio also includes Inspirato Only, featuring one-of-a-kind luxury safaris, cruises and other experiences and Bespoke, which offers custom-designed “bucket list” itineraries. Every Inspirato trip comes with our personalized service envelope — including pre-trip planning, on-site concierge and daily housekeeping — designed to meet the needs of affluent travelers and drive exceptional customer satisfaction.
Every Inspirato trip comes with our personalized service envelope — including pre-trip planning, on-site concierge and daily housekeeping — designed to meet the needs of discerning travelers and drive exceptional customer satisfaction.
These conditions include but are not limited to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, inflation, labor shortages, fluctuations in fuel prices, changes in governmental regulations, safety concerns, foreign currency fluctuations, and rising interest rates and reduced consumer confidence resulting in lower consumer spending.
In recent periods, we have been affected by, among other things, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the war between Israel and Hamas, inflation, labor shortages, fluctuations in fuel prices, changes in governmental regulations, safety concerns, foreign currency fluctuations, rising interest rates and reduced consumer confidence resulting in lower consumer spending.
We maintain a valuation allowance against the full value of our net deferred tax assets because we believe it is more likely than not that the recoverability of these deferred tax assets will not be realized.
We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against the full value of our net deferred tax assets because we believe it is more likely than not that the recoverability of these deferred tax assets will not be realized. 37 Table of Contents Liquidity and Capital Resources Overview As of December 31, 2023, we had $36.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and $5.7 million of restricted cash.
Providing incentives or promotions for booking travel can and has historically increased our liquidity. We believe our cash and cash equivalents on hand will be sufficient to meet our projected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least the next 12 months.
We believe our cash and cash equivalents on hand will be sufficient to meet our projected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least the next twelve months. Our principal sources of liquidity have historically consisted of cash flow from financing activities as well as operating activities, primarily from Subscription and travel revenue.
The following table represents a reconciliation of our net loss to Adjusted EBITDA: For the year ended December 31, 2020 2021 2022 (in thousands) Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (540) $ (22,218) $ (51,081) Public company readiness costs — 7,511 1,092 Equity-based compensation 2,790 3,258 8,802 Depreciation and amortization 4,632 4,275 5,436 Interest, net 542 635 188 Warrant fair value (gains) losses (214) 456 1,696 Asset impairment — — 925 Gain on forgiveness of debt — (9,518) — Income taxes — — 799 Adjusted EBITDA $ 7,210 $ (15,601) $ (32,143) Adjusted EBITDA Margin (1) 4.4 % (6.6) % (9.3) % (1) We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenue for the same period.
The following table represents a reconciliation of our net loss and comprehensive loss, the closest GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands, other than percentages): Year ended December 31, 2022 2023 Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (51,081) $ (93,859) Interest, net 188 1,133 Income tax expense 799 721 Depreciation and amortization 5,436 10,553 Equity-based compensation 8,802 13,652 (Gain) loss on fair value instruments 1,696 (2,368) Asset impairments 925 40,844 Public company readiness costs 1,092 — Adjusted EBITDA $ (32,143) $ (29,324) Adjusted EBITDA Margin (1) (9.3) % (8.9) % (1) We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenue for the same period.
The following table represents a reconciliation of our net loss and comprehensive loss to Adjusted Net Loss: For the year ended December 31, 2020 2021 2022 (in thousands) Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (540) $ (22,218) $ (51,081) Warrant fair value (gains) losses (214) 456 1,696 Gain on forgiveness of debt — (9,518) — Adjusted Net Loss $ (754) $ (31,280) $ (49,385) 69 Table of Contents Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net income (loss) before interest expense, interest income, taxes, depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation expense, warrant fair value gains and losses, asset impairment, public company readiness expenses and gain on forgiveness of debt.
The following table presents a reconciliation of our net loss and comprehensive loss, the closest GAAP measure, to Adjusted Net Loss (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2022 2023 Net loss and comprehensive loss $ (51,081) $ (93,859) Asset impairments 925 40,844 (Gain) loss on fair value instruments 1,696 (2,368) Adjusted Net Loss $ (48,460) $ (55,383) Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss and comprehensive loss less interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation expense, fair value gains and losses on financial instruments, asset impairments and public company readiness expenses.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $0.6 million from $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 22%, primarily due to recent property and equipment purchases in conjunction with furnishing a growing leased property portfolio over the year ended December 31, 2022. Interest expense, net.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $0.6 million from $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of 18%, due to continued investment in the upkeep of our lease portfolio. Interest, net.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section to “Inspirato,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other similar terms refer to Inspirato LLC prior to the Business Combination and to Inspirato Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the Business Combination.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section to “Inspirato,” “we,” “us,” “our” and other similar terms refer to Inspirato LLC prior to the Business Combination and to Inspirato Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the Business Combination. 30 Table of Contents OVERVIEW Inspirato Incorporated and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”, “Inspirato”, “we”, or “our”) is a subscription-based luxury travel company that provides exclusive access to a managed and controlled portfolio of curated vacation options, delivered through an innovative model designed to ensure the service, certainty and value that discerning customers demand.
Travel is typically discretionary for subscribers and customers and may be affected by negative trends in the economy. Adverse macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions have impacted our business and may impact us in future periods.
Adverse macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions have impacted our business and may impact us in future periods.
In March 2023 the Company terminated the Revolver. 67 Table of Contents Since inception, we have consistently maintained a working capital deficit, in which our current liabilities exceed our current assets, primarily due to our significant deferred revenue balance. In addition, we also have significant deferred revenue related to travel that is paid in advance but not yet taken.
We have generally maintained a working capital deficit, in which our current liabilities exceed our current assets, primarily due to our significant deferred revenue related to travel and Subscriptions that are paid in advance but not yet taken or consumed. Our cash needs vary from period to period primarily based on the timing of travel and sales promotions.
Our cash needs vary from period to period primarily based on the timing of travel and sales promotions. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of subscriber and revenue growth, travel bookings, addition of new residences and the timing and extent of spending on residences and other growth initiatives and overall economic conditions.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of member and revenue growth, travel bookings, change in the number of properties, other initiatives including the success of Rewards and overall economic conditions.
We are continually working on improving our subscription offerings and the trips available on our Inspirato Pass list to make our subscription products more appealing to current and potential subscribers. 61 Table of Contents Travel Our travel revenue and operating results are impacted by the number of trips that we are able to deliver to our subscribers and members as well as the rates we charge for stays.
Our travel revenue and operating results are impacted by the number of trips that we are able to deliver to our members as well as the rates we charge for stays. Our revenue management team establishes nightly rates to optimize desired occupancy and revenue.
A portion of travel revenue comes from guests who are not Active Subscribers. These guests include individuals who receive trial subscriptions under promotions with partners, including Wheels Up, Exclusive Resorts and others.
A portion of travel revenue comes from customers who do not have Subscriptions; these customers include IFG and IFB customers as well as individuals who receive trial subscriptions under promotions with partners, such as Exclusive Resorts. We also earn revenue from Inspirato Only experiences and Bespoke trips.
Holidays and other events generally increase the rates we are able to charge for travel which results in higher gross margin. The majority of our costs are relatively fixed across quarters.
However, revenues from existing members are not impacted by seasonality. Our results, including total revenues, Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow (as defined below), are impacted by the timing of holidays and other events. Holidays and other events generally increase the rates we are able to charge for travel which results in higher gross margin.
The following table sets forth general information derived from our consolidated statements of cash flows: For the year ended December 31, 2020 2021 2022 (in thousands) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 11,579 $ 28,755 $ (45,689) Net cash used in investing activities (3,892) (4,016) (14,270) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 16,550 (8,787) 58,945 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 24,237 $ 15,952 $ (1,014) We may seek additional equity or debt financing in the future.
The following table presents summarized information from our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2022 2023 Net cash used in operating activities $ (45,689) $ (51,393) Net cash used in investing activities (14,270) (12,124) Net cash provided by financing activities 58,945 23,844 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents $ (1,014) $ (39,673) Cash Flows Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 Cash flows used in operating activities.
See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 70 Table of Contents Future minimum annual commitments under these operating leases are as follows: Year Ending December 31, Operating Leases (in thousands) 2023 $ 87,822 2024 62,361 2025 49,777 2026 41,455 2027 27,901 Thereafter 64,274 Total minimum lease payments $ 333,590 As of December 31, 2022, the Company was party to 57 leases that had not yet commenced.
Future minimum annual commitments under these operating leases as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands): Years ending December 31, 2024 $ 79,749 2025 64,655 2026 47,853 2027 35,770 2028 27,477 2029 and thereafter 70,703 Total minimum lease payments $ 326,207 As of December 31, 2023, the Company was party to 21 leases that had not yet commenced.
General and administrative expenses excluding equity-based compensation increased $12 million from $47 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $60 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 26%. General and administrative employees were 152 and 147 at December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively.
General and administrative expenses increased $6.3 million from $65.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $72.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of 10%.
At December 31, 2022, we had 16,051 Active Subscriptions which consisted of 9,369 legacy Inspirato Club subscriptions, 3,569 Inspirato Pass subscriptions, 45 Inspirato Select subscriptions, and 3,068 new Inspirato Club subscriptions. Legacy Inspirato Club subscriptions had substantial enrollment fees and have annual dues that are lower than annualized dues for new Inspirato Club subscriptions.
The following table shows our approximate total number of Active Subscriptions as of December 31, 2022 and 2023: December 31, 2022 2023 Legacy 9,400 7,900 Pass 3,600 2,500 Club 3,100 3,400 Total Active Subscriptions 16,100 13,800 Legacy Subscriptions, an offering we no longer sell, had substantial enrollment fees and have annual dues that are lower than annualized dues for Club Subscriptions.
Our equity-based compensation increased $0.5 million from $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 17%, as a result of new grants made in the 2021 for which expense was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021. Sales and marketing.
Additionally, equity-based compensation included in sales and marketing increased $0.7 million from $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as additional awards were issued during the year ended December 31, 2023. Operations.
The Company was not in compliance with the covenants on the Revolver at December 31, 2022 and had not been in compliance since May 2022.
The Note will mature on September 29, 2028, subject to earlier conversion, redemption or repurchase. Our revolving credit facility had no amounts drawn as of December 31, 2022. The Company was not in compliance with the covenants under the facility at December 31, 2022 and had not been in compliance since May of 2022.
Warrant fair value losses increased from $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 272%. See Note 13 - Warrants in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. Gain on forgiveness of debt.
See the reclassification of prior year presentation footnote within Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information. Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023: Revenue .
The leases may require us to pay taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance costs.
Our future commitments consist of obligations under the Note (including principal and coupon interest) and operating leases, primarily for vacation properties and our corporate headquarters. The leases may require us to pay taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance costs.
Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased $0.3 million from $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of 10%. The decrease was primarily due to a slowing of furniture purchases during the COVID-19 pandemic and reduction in capitalized costs year over year. Interest expense, net.
Technology and development expenses decreased $2.9 million from $14.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of 20%, primarily due to a decrease for salaries of $1.6 million as a result of the reductions in workforce during 2023.
Interest expense decreased 55% from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 due to the Company’s pay-off of its Revolver early in the third quarter of 2022.
Interest expense, net increased $0.9 from $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to debt issuance costs and interest expense of $2.4 million incurred in relation to the Note.
Travel revenue increased by $60 million from $74 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 to $134 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 81%, primarily due to loosening of travel restrictions and increase in travel demand. Cost of revenue.
Cost of revenue increased $5.5 from $228.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $233.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of 2%.
Subscription revenue is comprised of a one-time enrollment fee paid at the commencement and recurring dues, net of discounts and travel incentives provided to subscribers. Our subscription agreements typically have monthly or annual contractual terms. Our agreements are generally cancellable at the end of the contract term.
Club and Pass Subscriptions are available through monthly, semi-annual, annual, and multi-year contracts. The majority of our Subscriptions are annual or multi-year contracts. Subscription revenue is comprised of enrollment fees and recurring dues, net of discounts and travel incentives provided to members. We typically bill upfront for Club and Pass Subscriptions and subscription payments are non-refundable.
Technology and development expenses increased $8.7 million from $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 177%, primarily due to increased 65 Table of Contents investments in product development and strategic growth initiatives.
Operations expenses decreased $14.2 million from $42.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $28.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of 34%, primarily due to a decrease in operations staff as a result of the reductions in workforce during 2023, as well as the transfer of employees from operations to sales in May of 2023. 36 Table of Contents Technology and development.
Our revenue management team establishes nightly rates to achieve desired occupancy and revenue. Cost and Expense Management Our operating results are impacted by our ability to manage costs and expenses and achieving a balance between making appropriate investments to retain and grow subscribers while driving increased profitability.
Our operating results are impacted by our ability to manage these costs and expenses and achieve a balance between making investments to retain and grow members and driving increased profitability. We are working on finding more opportunities to enhance gross margin and operate more efficiently, including reducing costs by taking additional operational and portfolio optimization 33 Table of Contents actions.
Subscription revenue increased by $8 million from $92 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $100 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 9%, as a result of launching the Inspirato Pass subscription product in late 2019 and the new Inspirato Club subscription product in 2020.
Subscription revenue decreased by $8.0 million from $145.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $137.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of 6%, primarily as a result of decreases in Pass and Legacy Subscription revenue of $10.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively, partially offset by increases in IFG/IFB and Club Subscription revenue of $5.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
OVERVIEW Inspirato is a subscription-based luxury travel company that provides unique solutions for (i) affluent travelers seeking superior service and certainty across a wide variety of accommodations and experiences and (ii) hospitality suppliers who want to solve pain points that include monetizing excess inventory and efficiently outsourcing the hassle involved in managing rental properties. 58 Table of Contents For travelers, we offer access to a diverse portfolio of curated luxury vacation options that includes 523 private luxury vacation homes available to our subscribers, and accommodations at 350 luxury hotel and resort partners in more than 225 destinations around the world as of December 31, 2022.
For travelers, we offer access to a diverse portfolio of vacation options that includes approximately 450 private luxury vacation homes available to our customers, and accommodations at over 250 luxury hotel and resort partners in over 180 destinations around the world as of December 31, 2023.
We determined based on the qualitative assessments that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying value, therefore no quantitative impairment tests were performed at December 31, 2021 or 2022, and no goodwill impairment charges were recognized in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021 and 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we 41 Table of Contents could not conclude qualitatively that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value and, as such, we utilized a quantitative test and determined that no goodwill impairment charges were necessary.
ARR does not have a standardized meaning and therefore may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies in the luxury travel industry or that have subscription-based models. Key Factors Affecting Our Performance We believe that the growth and future success of our business depend on many factors.
Other Factors Affecting Our Performance and Trends and Uncertainties We believe that the growth and future success of our business depend on many factors, including those from the Key Business Factors discussed above.
We believe that Free Cash Flow is a meaningful indicator of liquidity that provides information to our management and investors about the amount of cash generated from operations, after purchases of property and equipment and additions to capitalized software, that can be used for strategic initiatives.
We believe that Free Cash Flow is a meaningful indicator of liquidity that provides information to our management and investors about the amount of cash generated from operations, after purchases of property and equipment and development of internal-use software, that can be used for strategic initiatives, if any. 40 Table of Contents The following table presents a reconciliation of our net cash used in operating activities, the closest GAAP measure, to Free Cash Flow (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2022 2023 Net cash used in operating activities $ (45,689) $ (51,393) Development of internal-use software (5,420) (5,819) Purchase of property and equipment (8,850) (6,305) Free Cash Flow $ (59,959) $ (63,517) Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Additionally, we incurred $0.9 million in asset impairment costs related to our leased portfolio. Our gross margin increased $34 million from $82 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $116 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Additionally, depreciation expense included in cost of revenue increased $3.9 million from $2.2 million to $6.1 million. Asset impairments. Asset impairments increased $39.9 million from $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $40.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $11 million from $28 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $39 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of 39%, due to increased spending on television advertising, digital advertising, paid search advertising, and social media advertising as well as the hiring of additional sales and marketing team members.
Sales and marketing expenses decreased $6.5 million from $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 to $32.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of 16%, primarily due to reduced spending on marketing of $8.3 million as part of our cost savings initiatives.