Biggest changeSelling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) consist primarily of compensation, related benefits and employee costs for management and administrative personnel, office rent and utilities, stock compensation, communications, professional fees, depreciation, IT expenses, marketing costs and bad debt expense. 33 TABLE OF CONTENTS Consolidated Results of Operations The following table sets forth selected statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of revenues for the years indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022 For the year ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Contract revenues $ 3,643,905 100.0 % $ 3,008,542 100.0 % Contract costs 3,279,508 90.0 2,664,580 88.6 Gross profit 364,397 10.0 343,962 11.4 Selling, general and administrative expenses 234,611 6.5 222,424 7.4 Amortization of intangible assets 4,907 0.1 9,009 0.3 Gain on sale of property and equipment (4,214) (0.1) (2,378) (0.1) Income from operations 129,093 3.5 114,907 3.8 Other income (expense): Interest income 888 — 187 — Interest expense (4,939) (0.1) (3,563) (0.1) Other income (expense), net (38) — 2,673 0.1 Income before provision for income taxes 125,004 3.4 114,204 3.8 Income tax expense 34,014 0.9 30,823 1.0 Net income 90,990 2.5 83,381 2.8 Revenues.
Biggest changeConsolidated Results of Operations The following table sets forth selected statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of revenues for the years indicated: Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023 For the year ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 Contract revenues $ 3,362,290 100.0 % $ 3,643,905 100.0 % Contract costs 3,071,971 91.4 3,279,508 90.0 Gross profit 290,319 8.6 364,397 10.0 Selling, general and administrative expenses 238,222 7.1 234,611 6.5 Amortization of intangible assets 4,869 0.1 4,907 0.1 Gain on sale of property and equipment (6,854) (0.2) (4,214) (0.1) Income from operations 54,082 1.6 129,093 3.5 Other income (expense): Interest income 415 — 888 — Interest expense (6,525) (0.2) (4,939) (0.1) Other income (expense), net (1,479) — (38) — Income before provision for income taxes 46,493 1.4 125,004 3.4 Income tax expense 16,230 0.5 34,014 0.9 Net income 30,263 0.9 90,990 2.5 Revenues decreased $281.6 million, or 7.7%, to $3.36 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $3.64 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023.
We have provided electrical contracting services for commercial and industrial construction since 1912. Our C&I segment provides services in the United States and in western Canada. Our C&I customers include facility owners and general contractors. We strive to maintain our status as a preferred provider to our T&D and C&I customers.
We have provided electrical contracting services for commercial and industrial construction since 1912. Our C&I segment provides services in the United States and in western Canada. Our C&I customers include general contractors and facility owners. We strive to maintain our status as a preferred provider to our T&D and C&I customers.
Revenue associated with contracts with customers is recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances customer-controlled assets or creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, for which we have an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract.
Revenue associated with contracts with customers is recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances customer-controlled assets or creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, for which we have an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract.
As the cost-to-cost method is driven by incurred cost, we calculate the percentage of completion by dividing costs incurred to date by the total estimated cost. The percentage of completion is then multiplied by estimated revenues to determine inception-to-date revenue. Revenue recognized for the period is the current inception-to-date recognized revenue less the prior period inception-to-date recognized revenue.
As the cost-to-cost method is driven by incurred cost, we calculate the percentage of completion by dividing costs incurred to date by the total estimated cost. The percentage of completion is then multiplied by estimated revenues to determine inception-to-date revenue. Revenue recognized for the period is the current inception-to-date recognized revenue less the prior period inception-to-date recognized revenue.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $34.4 million in letters of credit outstanding under our Credit Agreement, including $27.1 million related to the Company's payment obligations under its insurance programs and approximately $7.3 million related to contract performance obligations.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $34.4 million in letters of credit outstanding under our Credit Agreement including $27.1 million related to the Company's payment obligations under its insurance programs and $7.3 million related to contract performance obligations.
In our C&I segment, we generally provide our electric construction and maintenance services as a subcontractor to general contractors in the C&I industry as well as directly to facility owners. We have a diverse customer base with many long-standing relationships. We concentrate our efforts on projects where our technical and project management expertise are critical to successful and timely execution.
In our C&I segment, we generally provide our electric construction and maintenance services as a subcontractor to general contractors in the C&I industry as well as directly to facility owners. We have a diverse customer base with many long-standing relationships. We concentrate our efforts on projects where our technical and project management expertise is critical to successful and timely execution.
The timing of multi-year transmission project awards and substantial construction activity is difficult to predict due to regulatory requirements and the permitting needed to commence construction. Significant construction on any large, multi-year projects awarded in 2024 will not likely have a large impact on our 2024 results.
The timing of multi-year transmission project awards and substantial construction activity is difficult to predict due to regulatory requirements and the permitting needed to commence construction. Significant construction on any large, multi-year projects awarded in 2025 will not likely have a large impact on our 2025 results.
As is common practice in the industry, we classify all accounts receivable as current assets. The allowance for doubtful accounts associated with account receivables was $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022.
As is common practice in the industry, we classify all accounts receivable as current assets. The allowance for doubtful accounts associated with account receivables was $1.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023.
We believe that regulatory reform, state clean energy portfolio standards, the aging of the electric grid, and potential overall improvement of the economy will positively impact the level of spending by our customers in all of the markets we serve. Although competition remains strong, we see these trends as positive factors for us in the future.
We believe that regulatory reform, increased electricity demand, state clean energy portfolio standards, the aging of the electric grid, and potential overall improvement of the economy will positively impact the level of spending by our customers in all of the markets we serve. Although competition remains strong, we see these trends as positive factors for us in the future.
In 2021, we performed a quantitative assessment on our goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives; this assessment did not indicate that our goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets were impaired. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
In 2024, we performed a quantitative assessment on our goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives; this assessment did not indicate that our goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets were impaired. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
Changes in backlog from period to period are primarily the result of fluctuations in the timing of awards, type of awards and revenue recognition of contracts. Backlog should not be relied upon as a stand-alone indicator of future events. 31 TABLE OF CONTENTS Understanding Gross Margins Our gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenues.
Changes in backlog from period to period are primarily the result of fluctuations in the timing of awards, type of awards and revenue recognition of contracts. Backlog should not be relied upon as a stand-alone indicator of future events. Understanding Gross Margins Our gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenues.
Non-compliance with these financial covenants under the Credit Agreement — our interest coverage ratio which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) divided by interest expense (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and our net leverage ratio, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Total Net Indebtedness (as defined in the Credit Agreement), divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) — could result in our lenders requiring us to immediately repay all amounts borrowed.
Non-compliance with these financial covenants under the Credit Agreement — our interest coverage ratio which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) divided by interest expense (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and our net leverage ratio, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Total Net Indebtedness (as defined in the Credit Agreement), divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) — could result in our lenders requiring us to immediately repay all amounts borrowed on our revolving credit facility.
Presentation of Information The discussion that follows includes a comparison of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Presentation of Information The discussion that follows includes a comparison of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
In addition, from time to time, certain customers or our sureties require us to post letters of credit to ensure payment to our subcontractors and vendors and guarantee performance under our contracts. Such letters of credit are generally issued by a bank or similar financial institution typically pursuant to our senior credit facility.
In addition, from time to time, certain customers or our sureties require us to post letters of credit to ensure payment to our subcontractors and vendors and guarantee performance under our contracts. Such letters of credit are generally issued by a bank typically pursuant to our senior credit facility.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had two outstanding Equipment Notes collateralized by equipment and vehicles owned by us. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we also had one other equipment note outstanding collateralized by a vehicle owned by us.
As of December 31, 2023, we had two outstanding Equipment Notes collateralized by equipment and vehicles owned by us. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we also had one other equipment note outstanding collateralized by a vehicle owned by us.
Consequently, we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors. However, we generally have certain statutory lien rights with respect to services provided. Under certain circumstances such as foreclosures or negotiated settlements, we may take title to the underlying assets in lieu of cash in settlement of receivables.
Consequently, we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors throughout the United States and Canada. However, we generally have certain statutory lien rights with respect to services provided. Under certain circumstances such as foreclosures or negotiated settlements, we may take title to the underlying assets in lieu of cash in settlement of receivables.
Additionally, from time to time we are required to post letters of credit to guarantee the obligations of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which reduces the borrowing availability under our credit facility. 40 TABLE OF CONTENTS Concentration of Credit Risk We grant trade credit under contractual payment terms, generally without collateral, to our customers, which include high credit quality electric utilities, governmental entities, general contractors and builders, owners and managers of commercial and industrial properties.
Additionally, from time to time we are required to post letters of credit to guarantee the obligations of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which reduces the borrowing availability under our credit facility. 40 TABLE OF CONTENTS Concentration of Credit Risk We grant trade credit under contractual payment terms, generally without collateral, to our customers, which include high credit quality electric utilities, governmental entities, general contractors and builders, owners and managers of commercial and industrial properties located in the United States and Canada.
The decrease in gross margin was primarily impacted by significant changes in our estimated gross profit on certain projects resulting in a net gross margin decrease of 1.7% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a net decrease of 0.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The decrease in gross margin was primarily impacted by significant changes in our estimated gross profit on certain projects resulting in a net gross margin decrease of 4.4% for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a net decrease of 1.7% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Operating income margin was impacted by significant changes in our estimated gross profit on certain projects resulting in a net operating income margin decrease of 1.5% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a net decrease of 0.1% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Operating income margin was impacted by significant changes in our estimated gross profit on certain projects resulting in a net operating income margin decrease of 5.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a net decrease of 1.5% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
In addition, we believe that we are better capitalized than some of our competitors, which provides us with valuable flexibility to take on additional and more complex projects. We had revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $3.64 billion compared to $3.01 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In addition, we believe that we are better capitalized than some of our competitors, which provides us with valuable flexibility to take on additional and more complex projects. We had revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $3.36 billion compared to $3.64 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Revenues from transmission projects represented 66.1%, 62.1%, and 62.0% of T&D segment revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 28 TABLE OF CONTENTS Our T&D segment also provides restoration services in response to hurricanes, ice storms or other storm related events, which accounted for less than 5% of our annual revenues in 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Revenues from transmission projects represented 60.6%, 66.1%, and 62.1% of T&D segment revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 28 TABLE OF CONTENTS Our T&D segment also provides restoration services in response to hurricanes, ice storms or other storm related events, which accounted for less than 5% of our annual revenues in 2024, 2023 and 2022.
For a discussion of changes from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (filed February 22, 2023).
For a discussion of changes from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (filed February 28, 2024).
However, to the extent payment is required for any such claims, the amount paid could be material and could adversely affect cash flows. 39 TABLE OF CONTENTS Equipment Notes We have entered into multiple Master Loan Agreements with multiple banks.
However, to the extent payment is required for any such claims, the amount paid could be material and could adversely affect cash flows. 39 TABLE OF CONTENTS Equipment Notes We have entered into multiple Master Loan and Security Agreements (the "Master Loan Agreements") with multiple finance companies.
Additionally, we are required to allocate more working capital to projects when we are required to provide materials. Insurance. Gross margins could be impacted by fluctuations in insurance accruals related to our deductibles and loss history in the period in which such adjustments are made.
Additionally, we are required to allocate more working capital to projects when we are required to provide materials. 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS Insurance. Gross margins could be impacted by fluctuations in insurance accruals related to our deductibles and loss history in the period in which such adjustments are made.
Measured by revenues in our T&D segment, we provided 52.7%, 47.8% and 43.0% of our T&D services under fixed-price contracts during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Commercial and Industrial segment .
Measured by revenues in our T&D segment, we provided 43.9%, 52.7% and 47.8% of our T&D services under fixed-price contracts during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Commercial and Industrial segment .
The foregoing factors as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit between periods. During the year ended December 31, 2023, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 1.7%.
The foregoing factors as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit between periods. During the year ended December 31, 2024, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 4.4%.
Typically, the Company has purchase options on the equipment underlying its long-term leases and many of its short-term rental arrangements. The Company may exercise some of these purchase options when the need for equipment is ongoing and the purchase option price is attractive. The outstanding balance of operating lease obligations was $35.0 million as of December 31, 2023.
Typically, the Company has purchase options on the equipment underlying its long-term leases and many of its short-term rental arrangements. The Company may exercise some of these purchase options when the need for equipment is ongoing and the purchase option price is attractive. The outstanding balance of operating lease obligations was $42.6 million as of December 31, 2024.
We believe the investment in specialized equipment helps to reduce our costs, improve our margins and provide us with valuable flexibility to take on additional and complex projects. 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS Material and Subcontract Costs.
We believe the investment in specialized equipment helps to reduce our costs, improve our margins and provide us with valuable flexibility to take on additional and complex projects. Material and Subcontract Costs.
Operating income margin was impacted by significant changes in our estimated gross profit on certain projects resulting in a net operating income margin decrease of 2.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a net decrease of 0.7% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Operating income margin was also impacted by significant changes in our estimated gross profit on certain projects resulting in a net operating income margin decrease of 2.9% for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a net decrease of 2.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Non-GAAP Measures EBITDA EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used by management that we define as net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. plus net income from noncontrolling interests, interest expense net of interest income, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization, as shown in the following table.
Non-GAAP Measures EBITDA EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used by management that we define as net income plus net income from noncontrolling interests, interest expense net of interest income, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization, as shown in the following table.
The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from one to ten years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to six years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one year.
The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from less than one to nine years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to ten years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one year.
We believe there is an ongoing need for utilities to sustain investment in their transmission systems to improve reliability, reduce congestion and connect to new clean energy sources. Consequently, we believe we will continue to see significant bidding activity on large transmission projects going forward.
We believe there is an ongoing need for utilities to sustain investment in their transmission systems to improve reliability, reduce congestion, connect to new clean energy sources and support future load growth. Consequently, we believe we will continue to see continued bidding activity on large transmission projects going forward.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, our operating activities provided cash of $71.0 million, compared to $167.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Cash flow from operations is primarily influenced by operating margins, timing of contract performance and the type of services we provide to our customers.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, our operating activities provided cash of $87.1 million, compared to $71.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Cash flow from operations is primarily influenced by operating margins, timing of contract performance and the type of services we provide to our customers.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized revenues of $76.5 million and $19.6 million, respectively, related to significant change orders and/or claims that had been included as contract price adjustments on certain contracts, some of which are multi-year projects.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized revenues of $46.0 million and $76.5 million, respectively, related to significant change orders and/or claims that had been included as contract price adjustments on certain contracts, some of which are multi-year projects.
Measured by revenues in our C&I segment, we provided 82.0%, 83.3% and 80.5% of our services under fixed-price contracts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Overview-Revenue and Gross Margins Revenue Recognition.
Measured by revenues in our C&I segment, we provided 81.2%, 82.0% and 83.3% of our services under fixed-price contracts for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Overview-Revenue and Gross Margins Revenue Recognition.
EBITDA does not purport to be an alternative to net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. as a measure of operating performance or to net cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity.
EBITDA does not purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to net cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity.
As of December 31, 2023, we had $2.3 million outstanding finance lease obligations, consisting of short-term and long-term finance lease obligations of approximately $2.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had $3.4 million outstanding finance lease obligations, consisting of short-term and long-term finance lease obligations of approximately $1.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $3.0 million outstanding finance lease obligations, consisting of short-term and long-term finance lease obligations of approximately $1.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had $2.3 million outstanding finance lease obligations, consisting of short-term and long-term finance lease obligations of approximately $2.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, net income was $91.0 million compared to $83.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Overview-Segments Transmission and Distribution segment . Our T&D segment provides comprehensive solutions to providers in the electric utility industry.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, net income was $30.3 million compared to $91.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Overview-Segments Transmission and Distribution segment . Our T&D segment provides comprehensive solutions to providers in the electric utility industry.
In contracts in which a significant reversal may occur, we use constraint in recognizing revenue on variable consideration. Although we often enter into contracts that contain liquidated damage clauses, we rarely incur them, and as such, we do not include amounts associated with liquidated damage clauses until it is probable that liquidated damages will occur.
In contracts in which a significant reversal may occur, we use constraint in recognizing revenue on variable consideration. We often enter into contracts that contain liquidated damage clauses. We do not include amounts associated with liquidated damage clauses until it is probable that liquidated damages will occur.
We continue to invest in developing key management and craft personnel in both our T&D and C&I markets and in procuring the specific specialty equipment and tooling needed to win and execute projects of all sizes and complexity. In 2023 and 2022, we invested in capital expenditures of approximately $84.7 million and $77.1 million, respectively.
We continue to invest in developing key management and craft personnel in both our T&D and C&I segments and in procuring the specific specialty equipment and tooling needed to win and execute projects of all sizes and complexity. In 2024 and 2023, we invested in capital expenditures of approximately $75.9 million and $84.7 million, respectively.
Purchase Commitments for Construction Equipment As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $32.5 million in outstanding purchase obligations for certain construction equipment to be paid with cash outlays scheduled to occur in 2024.
Purchase Commitments for Construction Equipment As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $4.9 million in outstanding purchase obligations for certain construction equipment to be paid with cash outlays scheduled to occur in 2025.
The unfavorable change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to the net unfavorable year-over-year changes in various working capital accounts that relate primarily to construction activities (accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable and contract liabilities) of $133.0 million, partially offset by the favorable change of $43.6 million in other liabilities.
The favorable change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to the net favorable year-over-year changes in various working capital accounts that relate primarily to construction activities (accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable and contract liabilities) of $119.3 million, partially offset by the unfavorable change of $50.9 million in other liabilities.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%. During the year ended December 31, 2021, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects increased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 1.7%. During the year ended December 31, 2022, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%.
The $9.3 million of cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted primarily of $37.0 million of shares repurchases under our share repurchase program, $6.8 million of shares repurchased to satisfy tax obligations under our stock compensation programs, $1.6 million of repayments of finance lease obligations and $1.0 million of net repayments under our master equipment loan agreements.
The $18.4 million of cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of $7.9 million of shares repurchased to satisfy tax obligations under our stock compensation programs, $4.6 million of net repayments under our master equipment loan agreements, $2.9 million of shares repurchases under our share repurchase program and $1.1 million of repayments of finance lease obligations.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, our T&D revenues were $2.09 billion, or 57.3%, of our revenue, compared to $1.75 billion, or 58.0%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $1.30 billion, or 52.1%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our T&D revenues were $1.88 billion, or 55.9%, of our revenue, compared to $2.09 billion, or 57.3%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1.75 billion, or 58.0%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022.
We believe our $442.4 million borrowing availability under our revolving line of credit at December 31, 2023, future cash flow from operations and our ability to utilize short-term and long-term leases will provide sufficient liquidity for our short-term and long-term needs.
We believe our $354.8 million borrowing availability under our revolving line of credit as of December 31, 2024, future cash flow from operations and our ability to utilize short-term and long-term leases will provide sufficient liquidity for our short-term and long-term needs.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we used net cash of $79.1 million and $185.7 million, respectively, in investing activities. The $79.1 million of cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of $84.7 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $5.6 million of proceeds from the sale of equipment.
The $79.1 million of cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of $84.7 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $5.6 million of proceeds from the sale of equipment. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we used cash of $40.0 million, and $18.4 million, respectively in financing activities.
Income tax expense was $34.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, with an effective tax rate of 27.2%, compared to $30.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, with an effective tax rate of 27.0%.
Income tax expense was $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, with an effective tax rate of 34.9%, compared to $34.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, with an effective tax rate of 27.2%.
These decreases were partially offset by positive significant estimated gross profit changes totaling 0.6% of revenues mostly related to favorable change orders and better-than-anticipated productivity.
These decreases were partially offset by positive significant estimated gross profit changes totaling 0.2% of revenues mostly related to better-than-anticipated productivity.
The $18.4 million of cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of $7.9 million of shares repurchased to satisfy tax obligations under our stock compensation programs, $4.6 million of payments under our equipment notes, $2.9 million of share repurchases under our share repurchase program, $2.1 million of debt refinancing costs and $1.1 million of repayments of finance lease obligations, partially offset by $0.3 million of net borrowings under our revolving line of credit.
The $40.0 million of cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted primarily of $75.0 million of share repurchases under our share repurchase program, $7.1 million of payments under our equipment notes, $5.9 million of shares repurchased to satisfy tax obligations under our stock compensation programs and $1.2 million of repayments of finance lease obligations, partially offset by $45.2 million of net borrowings under our revolving line of credit.
As of December 31, 2023, an aggregate of approximately $2.44 billion in original face amount of bonds issued by our sureties were outstanding. Our estimated remaining cost to complete these bonded projects was approximately $726.1 million as of December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2024, an aggregate of approximately $2.27 billion in original face amount of bonds issued by our sureties were outstanding. Our estimated remaining cost to complete these bonded projects was approximately $662.6 million as of December 31, 2024.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, our C&I revenues were $1.55 billion, or 42.7%, of our revenue, compared to $1.26 billion, or 42.0%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $1.20 billion, or 47.9%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, our C&I revenues were $1.48 billion, or 44.1%, of our revenue, compared to $1.55 billion, or 42.7%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1.26 billion, or 42.0%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Operating income, as a percentage of revenues, for our C&I segment decreased to 3.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 3.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Operating income, as a percentage of revenues, for our C&I segment increased to 3.2% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 3.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Letters of credit issued under the Facility are subject to a letter of credit fee of 1.25% to 2.00% for non-performance letters of credit or 0.625% to 1.00% for performance letters of credit, based on the Company’s Net Leverage Ratio.
The applicable margin is determined based on the Company’s Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Letters of credit issued under the Facility are subject to a letter of credit fee of 1.25% to 2.00% for non-performance letters of credit or 0.625% to 1.00% for performance letters of credit, based on the Company’s Net Leverage Ratio.
The following table provides the Company’s calculation of working capital: As of December 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Total current assets $ 1,026,244 $ 890,291 $ 748,390 Less: total current liabilities (747,202) (666,960) (498,599) Working capital $ 279,042 $ 223,331 $ 249,791 37 TABLE OF CONTENTS Liquidity, Capital Resources and Material Cash Requirements As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had working capital of $279.0 million and $223.3 million, respectively.
The following table provides the Company’s calculation of working capital: As of December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Total current assets $ 1,014,662 $ 1,026,244 $ 890,291 Less: total current liabilities (748,900) (747,202) (666,960) Working capital $ 265,762 $ 279,042 $ 223,331 37 TABLE OF CONTENTS Liquidity, Capital Resources and Material Cash Requirements As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had working capital of $265.8 million and $279.0 million, respectively.
The outstanding balance of all Equipment Notes was $23.0 million as of December 31, 2023, of which $7.1 million was due in the next twelve months. The outstanding balance of these Equipment Notes was $27.6 million as of December 31, 2022, of which $5.1 million was due in the next twelve months.
The outstanding balance of all equipment notes was $16.0 million as of December 31, 2024, of which $4.4 million was due in the next twelve months. The outstanding balance of these equipment notes was $23.0 million as of December 31, 2023, of which $7.1 million was due in the next twelve months.
As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding short-term and long-term operating lease obligations of approximately $9.2 million and $25.8 million, respectively. The outstanding balance of operating lease obligations was $30.5 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding short-term and long-term operating lease obligations of approximately $9.7 million and $20.8 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding short-term and long-term operating lease obligations of approximately $12.1 million and $30.5 million, respectively. The outstanding balance of operating lease obligations was $35.0 million as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding short-term and long-term operating lease obligations of approximately $9.2 million and $25.8 million, respectively.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net cash flows provided by operating activities to EBITDA: For the year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Net cash flows provided by operating activities $ 71,016 $ 167,484 $ 137,228 Add/(subtract) Changes in operating assets and liabilities 85,426 (8,522) 6,554 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities (65,452) (75,581) (58,776) Depreciation and amortization 59,138 58,170 46,205 Income tax expense 34,014 30,823 31,300 Interest expense, net 4,051 3,376 1,729 EBITDA $ 188,193 $ 175,750 $ 164,240 Working Capital Working capital is a non-GAAP measure.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net cash flows provided by operating activities to EBITDA: For the year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Net cash flows provided by operating activities $ 87,115 $ 71,016 $ 167,484 Add/(subtract) Changes in operating assets and liabilities 11,074 85,426 (8,522) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities (67,926) (65,452) (75,581) Depreciation and amortization 65,189 59,138 58,170 Income tax expense 16,230 34,014 30,823 Interest expense, net 6,110 4,051 3,376 EBITDA $ 117,792 $ 188,193 $ 175,750 Working Capital Working capital is a non-GAAP measure.
The Master Loan Agreements may be used for financing of equipment between us and the lenders pursuant to one or more equipment notes (“Equipment Notes”). Each Equipment Note constitutes a separate, distinct and independent financing of equipment and contractual obligation.
The Master Loan Agreements may be used for financing of equipment between us and the lenders pursuant to one or more equipment notes (“Equipment Notes”). Each Equipment Note constitutes a separate, distinct and independent financing of equipment and contractual obligation. As of December 31, 2024, we had one outstanding Equipment Note collateralized by equipment and vehicles owned by us.
During 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 25,042 and 442,167 shares, respectively of its common stock under repurchase programs at a weighted-average price of $114.55 and $83.64 per share, respectively.
During 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased 643,549 and 25,042 shares, respectively of its common stock under repurchase programs at a weighted-average price of $116.54 and $114.55 per share, respectively.
Using both EBITDA and net income to evaluate the business allows management and investors to (a) assess our relative performance against our competitors and (b) monitor our capacity to generate returns for our shareholders. 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS The following table provides a reconciliation of net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. to EBITDA: For the year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 Net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. $ 90,990 $ 83,381 $ 85,010 Net loss - noncontrolling interests — — (4) Net income 90,990 83,381 85,006 Interest expense, net 4,051 3,376 1,729 Income tax expense 34,014 30,823 31,300 Depreciation and amortization 59,138 58,170 46,205 EBITDA $ 188,193 $ 175,750 $ 164,240 We also use EBITDA as a liquidity measure.
Using both EBITDA and net income to evaluate the business allows management and investors to (a) assess our relative performance against our competitors and (b) monitor our capacity to generate returns for our shareholders. 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA: For the year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Net income $ 30,263 $ 90,990 $ 83,381 Add: Interest expense, net 6,110 4,051 3,376 Income tax expense 16,230 34,014 30,823 Depreciation and amortization 65,189 59,138 58,170 EBITDA $ 117,792 $ 188,193 $ 175,750 We also use EBITDA as a liquidity measure.
Gains from the sale of property and equipment are attributable to routine sales of property and equipment that are no longer useful or valuable to our ongoing operations. 34 TABLE OF CONTENTS Interest expense. Interest expense was $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Gains from the sale of property and equipment in the year ended December 31, 2024 were $6.9 million compared to $4.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. Gains from the sale of property and equipment are attributable to routine sales of property and equipment that are no longer useful or valuable to our ongoing operations.
This increase was primarily attributable to higher interest rates partially offset by lower average debt balances during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Other income (expense), net .
Interest expense was $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily attributable to higher average debt balances partially offset by lower interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, we had $13.2 million debt outstanding under the Facility. We had $12.9 million debt outstanding under a previous facility as of December 31, 2022.
The Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2024. We had $58.4 million and $13.2 million of borrowings outstanding under the Facility as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The year-over-year increase was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses to support the growth in our operations and an increase of $5.0 million related to contingent compensation expense related to a prior acquisition. Amortization of intangible assets .
The year-over-year increase was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses to support future growth in our operations and an increase of $1.1 million related to contingent compensation expense related to a prior acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in employee incentive compensation costs.
The net unfavorable changes of $133.0 million in cash provided by working capital accounts, mainly related to construction activities, was due to the timing of billings and payments under our contracts. The favorable change of $43.6 million in other liabilities was primarily due to the timing of employee related wage and tax payments.
The net favorable changes of $119.3 million in cash provided by working capital accounts, mainly related to construction activities, was due to the timing of billings and payments under our contracts.
Critical Accounting Policies The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
New Accounting Pronouncements For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 — Organization, Business and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to our Financial Statements. Critical Accounting Policies The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Bidding and construction activity for small to medium-size transmission projects and upgrades remain active, and we expect this trend to continue. 30 TABLE OF CONTENTS As a result of reduced spending by United States utilities on their distribution systems for many years, we believe there is a need for sustained investment by utilities on their distribution systems to properly maintain or meet reliability requirements.
Bidding and construction activity for small to medium-size transmission projects and upgrades remain active, and we expect this trend to continue. We believe there is a need for further investment by utilities on their distribution systems to properly maintain or meet reliability requirements. We continue to see strong bidding activity in some of our electric distribution markets.
Gross profit is calculated by subtracting contract costs from revenue. Contract costs consist primarily of salaries, wages and benefits to employees, depreciation, fuel and other equipment expenses, equipment rentals, subcontracted services, insurance, facilities expenses, materials and parts and supplies. Various factors affect our gross margins on a quarterly or annual basis, including those listed below. Performance Risk.
Gross profit is calculated by subtracting contract costs from revenue. Contract costs consist primarily of salaries, wages and benefits to employees, depreciation, fuel and other equipment expenses, equipment rentals, subcontracted services, insurance, facilities expenses, materials and parts and supplies.
In addition, the United States has experienced decades of underfunded economic expansion and aging infrastructure which have challenged the capacity of public water and transportation infrastructure forcing states and municipalities to seek creative means to fund needed expansion and repair. We believe the need for expanding public infrastructure will offer opportunity in our C&I segment for several years.
In addition, the United States has experienced decades of underfunded economic expansion and aging infrastructure that have challenged the capacity of public water and transportation infrastructure forcing states and municipalities to seek creative means to fund needed expansion and repair.
The $96.5 million year-over-year decline in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to unfavorable net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $93.9 million, offset by a $7.6 million increase in net income.
The $16.1 million year-over-year increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to favorable net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $74.4 million, offset by a $60.7 million decrease in net income.
These decreases were partially offset by positive significant estimated gross profit changes totaling 0.2% of revenues mostly related to favorable change orders, better-than-anticipated productivity and favorable weather on a project.
These decreases were partially offset by positive significant estimated gross profit changes totaling 2.1% of revenues largely related to better-than-anticipated productivity, some of which related to clean energy projects, favorable change orders and favorable job closeouts.
Revenues from transmission projects represented 66.1% and 62.1%, of T&D segment revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Operating income for our T&D segment for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $149.7 million compared to $138.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $10.8 million, or 7.8%.
Revenues from transmission projects represented 60.6% and 66.1%, of T&D segment revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Operating income for our T&D segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $69.4 million compared to $149.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $80.3 million, or 53.7%.
The increase in T&D operating income from the prior year was primarily due to higher revenues as discussed above. As a percentage of revenues operating income for our T&D segment was 7.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 8.0% for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As a percentage of revenues operating income for our T&D segment was 3.7% for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 7.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Margins may fluctuate because of the volume of work and the impacts of pricing and job productivity, which can be impacted both favorably and negatively by customer decisions and crew productivity, as well as other factors.
Various factors affect our gross margins on a quarterly or annual basis, including those listed below. 31 TABLE OF CONTENTS Performance Risk. Margins may fluctuate because of the volume of work and the impacts of pricing and job productivity, which can be impacted both favorably and negatively by customer decisions and crew productivity, as well as other factors.
Segment Results The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, statements of operations data by segment, segment net sales as a percentage of total net sales and segment operating income as a percentage of segment net sales: For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Contract revenues: Transmission & Distribution $ 2,089,196 57.3 % $ 1,745,792 58.0 % Commercial & Industrial 1,554,709 42.7 1,262,750 42.0 Total $ 3,643,905 100.0 $ 3,008,542 100.0 Operating income (loss): Transmission & Distribution $ 149,703 7.2 $ 138,886 8.0 Commercial & Industrial 45,889 3.0 43,159 3.4 Total 195,592 5.3 182,045 6.0 Corporate (66,499) (1.8) (67,138) (2.2) Consolidated $ 129,093 3.5 % $ 114,907 3.8 % Transmission & Distribution Revenues for our T&D segment for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $2.09 billion compared to $1.75 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $343.4 million, or 19.7%.
The decrease was primarily for the reasons stated above. 34 TABLE OF CONTENTS Segment Results The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, statements of operations data by segment, segment net sales as a percentage of total net sales and segment operating income as a percentage of segment net sales: For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Contract revenues: Transmission & Distribution $ 1,880,501 55.9 % $ 2,089,196 57.3 % Commercial & Industrial 1,481,789 44.1 1,554,709 42.7 Total $ 3,362,290 100.0 $ 3,643,905 100.0 Operating income: Transmission & Distribution $ 69,374 3.7 $ 149,703 7.2 Commercial & Industrial 48,041 3.2 45,889 3.0 Total 117,415 3.5 195,592 5.3 Corporate (63,333) (1.9) (66,499) (1.8) Consolidated $ 54,082 1.6 % $ 129,093 3.5 % Transmission & Distribution Revenues for our T&D segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $1.88 billion compared to $2.09 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $208.7 million, or 10.0%.
Legislation and regulation that promotes domestic manufacturing could also create opportunity for our C&I segment. We expect the long-term growth in our C&I segment to generally track the overall growth of the regions we serve. We continued to implement strategies that further expand our capabilities and effectively allocate capital.
We believe the need for expanding public infrastructure in both the United States and Canada will offer opportunity in our C&I segment for several years. Legislation and regulation that promotes domestic manufacturing could also create opportunity for our C&I segment. We expect the long-term growth in our C&I segment to generally track the overall growth of the regions we serve.
The $185.7 million of cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted of $110.7 million to acquire the Powerline Plus Companies and $77.1 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $2.0 million of proceeds from the sale of equipment.
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we used net cash of $67.2 million and $79.1 million, respectively, in investing activities. The $67.2 million of cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted of $75.9 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $8.7 million of proceeds from the sale of equipment.
The increase in revenue was related to an increase of $297.5 million in revenue on transmission projects, primarily related to an increase in revenue on clean energy projects, and an increase of $45.9 million in revenue on distribution projects.
The decrease in revenue was related to a decrease of $241.1 million in revenue on transmission projects, primarily related to the mechanical completion of certain clean energy projects, partially offset by an increase of $32.4 million in revenue on distribution projects.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, significant estimated gross profit changes negatively impacted operating income as a percentage of revenues by 1.7% and largely related to labor and project inefficiencies, some of which were associated with clean energy projects, inclement weather, supply chain disruptions and inflation.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, significant estimated gross profit changes negatively impacted operating income as a percentage of revenues by 5.7% with 5.5% of the impact related to losses on certain clean energy projects that have reached mechanical completion.