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What changed in Royalty Management Holding Corp's 10-K2023 vs 2024

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Paragraph-level year-over-year comparison of Royalty Management Holding Corp's 2023 and 2024 10-K annual filings, covering the Business, Risk Factors, Legal Proceedings, Cybersecurity, MD&A and Market Risk sections. Every new, removed and edited paragraph is highlighted side-by-side so you can see exactly what management changed in the 2024 report.

+39 added38 removedSource: 10-K (2024-12-31) vs 10-K (2024-04-16)

Top changes in Royalty Management Holding Corp's 2024 10-K

39 paragraphs added · 38 removed · 17 edited across 6 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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Biggest changeWe are a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on January 20, 2021 for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more target businesses (a “Business Combination”).
Biggest changeWe were a blank check company formed under the laws of the State of Delaware on January 20, 2021 for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more target businesses (a “Business Combination”).
Removed
Although the Company is not limited to a particular industry or geographic region for purposes of consummating a Business Combination, the Company intends to focus on companies in the land holdings and resources industry in the United States.
Added
On October 31, 2023, we consummated a merger with Royalty Management Corporation, an Indiana corporation (“RMC”), whereby RMC became a wholly owned subsidiary of RMCO. Through this combination, RMCO became a royalty company building shareholder value to benefit both its shareholders and communities by acquiring and developing high value assets in a variety of market environments.
Removed
We intend to effectuate our Business Combination using cash from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants, our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt. 4 Table of Contents
Added
The model is to acquire and structure cashflow streams around assets that can support the communities by monetizing the current existing cash flow streams while identifying transitionary cash flow from the assets for the future. On March 20, 2025 we changed our state of incorporation from the State of Delaware to State of Florida.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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Biggest changeWe sublease an office from an affiliated entity, American Resources Corporation, located at 12115 Visionary Way, Ste 174, Fishers, IN 46038. We pay $2,143.25 a month in rent with an initial lease term of 10 years. We lease land from an affiliated entity, LRR, located in Pike County, Kentucky.
Biggest changeHistorically, we have paid $2,143 a month in rent, but starting January 2024 that rent was lowered to $1,500 per month, with an initial lease term of 10 years. We lease land from an affiliated entity, LRR, located in Pike County, Kentucky. We pay $2,000 a month in rent with an initial lease term of 21 years.
We pay $2,000 a month in rent with an initial lease term of 21 years. We lease land from an affiliated entity, LRR, located in Hamilton County, Indiana. We pay a minimum of $2,000 a month in rent or 20% of the immediately prior month’s total monthly gross revenues from the lessee’s operations. The initial lease term is 5 years.
We lease land from an affiliated entity, LRR, located in Hamilton County, Indiana. We pay a minimum of $2,000 a month in rent or 20% of the immediately prior month’s total monthly gross revenues from the lessee’s operations. The initial lease term is 5 years.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES. We lease an office from an affiliated entity, Land Resources & Royalties LLC (or “LRR”), located at 1845 South KY Highway 15 South, Hazard, KY 41701. We pay $250.00 a month, plus common charges, in rent with an initial lease term of 10 years.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES. We lease an office from an affiliated entity, Land Resources & Royalties LLC (or “LRR”), located in Hazard, Kentucky. We pay $250 a month, plus common charges, in rent with an initial lease term of 10 years. We sublease an office from an affiliated entity, American Resources Corporation (or “ARC”), located in Fishers, Indiana.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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Biggest changeITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. To the knowledge of our management, there is no litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. Not applicable. 5 Table of Contents PART II
Biggest changeITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS . To the knowledge of our management, there is no litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES . Not applicable. 4 Table of Contents PART II

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Mine Safety Disclosures — required of mining issuers

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Biggest changeItem 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 5 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 6 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 8 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 9 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk 12 Item 8.
Biggest changeItem 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 4 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 5 Item 6. Selected Financial Data 7 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 7 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk 9 Item 8.

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Biggest changeThe number of both shareholders of record and beneficial shareholders may change on a daily basis and without the Company’s immediate knowledge.
Biggest changeThis number includes one position at Cede & Co., which includes an unknown number of shareholders holding shares of 94,261. The number of both shareholders of record and beneficial shareholders may change on a daily basis.
We have not paid any dividends and do not have any current plans to pay any dividends. Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans None.
We have not paid any dividends in the past and do not have any current plans to pay any dividends in the future. 5 Table of Contents Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans None.
Removed
Upon our business combination, which became effective on October 31, 2023, our units commenced public trading on November 6, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, there were 342 shareholders of record of our common stock. This number includes one position at Cede & Co., which includes an unknown number of shareholders holding shares of 94,261.
Added
Upon our business combination, which became effective on October 31, 2023, our units commenced public trading on November 6, 2023. The following table sets forth information as reported by the Nasdaq Capital Markets for the high and low bid and ask prices for each of the eight quarters ending December 31, 2024 for our common stock.
Removed
Stock Performance Graph High Low Quarters ending in 2022 March 31 $ 11.41 $ 9.535 June 30 11.24 10.01 September 30 10.32 10.05 December 31 10.43 9.97 Quarters ending in 2023 March 31 $ 10.37 $ 10.15 June 30 10.30 10.18 September 30 10.92 10.31 December 31 11.19 1.59 6 Table of Contents Recent Sales of Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities None.
Added
High Low Quarters ending in 2023 March 31 $ 10.74 $ 10.00 June 30 10.30 10.13 September 30 11.25 10.26 December 31 22.97 1.48 Quarters ending in 2024 March 31 $ 2.30 $ 1.10 June 30 1.59 0.70 September 30 1.12 0.74 December 31 1.28 0.86 Holders As of December 31, 2024, there were 343 shareholders of record of our common stock.
Removed
Use of Proceeds None. Repurchases None. 7 Table of Contents
Added
Recent Sales of Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities Series A Preferred Stock The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors.
Added
On August 30, 2024, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of Incorporation to designate 5,000,000 shares of the Preferred Stock as a newly-designed Series A Preferred Stock. Series A Preferred Stock will have a $1.00 par value, while the remainder of preferred stock will remain at $0.0001.
Added
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 1,607,886 and 0, respectively, shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding. Stock Warrants During 4 th quarter 2024, the Company issued 225,000 stock warrants for the Board of Directors compensation for 2024 and 2025.
Added
The warrant provides the option to purchase up to a total of 225,000 Class A Common Stock at an average exercise price of 1.19 per share. The warrants expire three years after issuance.
Added
During the period the warrants are outstanding, we will reserve from our authorized and unissued common stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the warrants upon the exercise of the warrants. No fractional shares will be issued upon the exercise of the warrants.
Added
The warrants are not listed on any securities exchange. Except as otherwise provided within the warrant, the warrant holders have no rights or privileges as members of the Company until they exercise their warrants. Use of Proceeds None.
Added
Repurchases On April 13, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors voted unanimously to institute a stock repurchase program of Royalty Management Holding Corporation’s Class A Common Shares. Under the program, stock purchases will occur either through open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions, at prices determined by an officer of the Company.
Added
Unless otherwise modified by the Board of Directors, the stock repurchase program terminates at the earlier of: (i) upon a total purchase of Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000) of Company Common Stock; (ii) Twenty-Four (24) months after the date of Board approval, or (iii) upon termination by action of the Board.
Added
The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any dollar amount or number of shares of common stock, and the program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
Added
As of December 31, 2024, the Company has repurchased a total of 31,177 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $0.9201 per share. 6 Table of Contents

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

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Biggest changeRevenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $361,624 and $172,686, respectively. The increase is due to a full year of revenues for our environmental services subsidiary as well as an increase in fee income due to full year of income in the respective investments.
Biggest changeThe increase is due to increased volume for our environmental services subsidiary. Expenses. Total cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $22,699 and $16,594, respectively. The increase is due to increased volume for our environmental services subsidiary. Total Operating Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $1,096,748 and $777,600, respectively.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) describes the matters that we consider to be important to understanding the results of our operations for the one-year period ended December 31, 2023 and our capital resources and liquidity as of December 31, 2023.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) describes the matters that we consider to be important to understanding the results of our operations for the one-year period ended December 31, 2024 and our capital resources and liquidity as of December 31, 2024.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to establish accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this MD&A, describes the significant accounting policies we use in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to establish accounting policies and make estimates that affect amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this MD&A, describes the significant accounting policies we use in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
The most significant accounting policies and estimates and their related application are discussed below. Warrant Liability The Company accounts for the Warrants in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815-40-15-7D and 7F under which the Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities.
The most significant accounting policies and estimates and their related application are discussed below. Warrant Liability The Company accounts for the Warrants in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815 under which the Warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as liabilities.
Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainties including, without limitations, dependence on sales forecasts, changes in consumer demand, seasonality, impact of weather, competition, reliance on suppliers, risks inherent to international trade, changing retail trends, the loss or disruption of our manufacturing and distribution operations, cyber security breaches or disruption of our digital systems, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, economic changes, as well as other factors set forth under the caption “Item 1A, Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other factors detailed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainties including, without limitations, dependence on sales forecasts, changes in consumer demand, seasonality, impact of weather, competition, reliance on suppliers, risks inherent to international trade, changing retail trends, the loss or disruption of our manufacturing and distribution operations, cyber security breaches or disruption of our digital systems, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, economic changes, and other factors detailed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We intend to effectuate our business combination using cash derived from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement units, our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2023 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022. Revenues.
We intend to effectuate our business combination using cash derived from the proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the private placement units, our shares, debt or a combination of cash, shares and debt.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS Administrative Services Arrangement The Company’s Sponsor agreed, commencing from the date that the Company’s securities are first listed on NASDAQ through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination and its liquidation, to make available to the Company certain general and administrative services, including office space, utilities and administrative services, as the Company may require from time to time.
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets. 8 Table of Contents CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS Administrative Services Arrangement The Company’s Sponsor agreed, commencing from the date that the Company’s securities are first listed on NASDAQ through the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a Business Combination and its liquidation, to make available to the Company certain general and administrative services, including office space, utilities and administrative services, as the Company may require from time to time.
The Company agreed to pay the Sponsor $10,000 per month for these services. As of December 31, 2022 and October 31, 2023, the effective date of the business combination and termination of the services agreement, $120,000 and $0, respectively, has been paid under this agreement. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The Company agreed to pay the Sponsor $10,000 per month for these services. At the date of business combination, the services agreement terminated. As of the year ended December 31, 2024, $120,000, is accrued and owed under this agreement. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S.
Total Other Income and Expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were ($380,315) and $4,674,395, respectively, mostly from the fair value adjustments of warrant liabilities, convertible debt interest and amortization expense intangibles. Financial Condition. Total Assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $13,610,731 and $20,257,417, respectively.
Total Other Income and Expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 were other income of $198,097, mostly from interest income, income from investment in FUB Mineral which is accounted for on the equity method of accounting, the fair value adjustments of warrant liabilities, and interest expense.
Removed
We generated non-operating income in the form of interest income on marketable securities held in the trust account. 9 Table of Contents Expenses. Total Operating Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $2,048,531 and $3,647,578, respectively. The main driver of operating expenses were administrative, professional fees, and salaries.
Added
On March 20, 2025 we changed our state of incorporation from the State of Delaware to State of Florida. 7 Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Revenues. Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $807,089 and $488,520, respectively.
Removed
The large decrease in assets was due to trust redemptions of $7,613,762. Total Liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $3,990,542 and $8,542,465, respectively. The primary drivers for the decrease in liability balance was the conversions of convertible notes payable and redemption of deferred underwriter commissions.
Added
The main reason for the increase to operating expenses were due to additional public company listing fees in addition to professional fees to keep the company compliant.
Removed
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES In March 2021, the initial stockholders purchased 2,875,000 shares (the “Founder Shares”) of the Company’s common stock for an aggregate price of $25,000. On March 17, 2021, we consummated an initial public offering of 10,000,000 Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $100,000,000 (the “Initial Public Offering”).
Added
Total Other Income and Expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 were other expense of $807,971. The increase was primarily due to a gain on fair value of warrants liabilities, an increase in interest income, and a decrease in interest expense due to all convertible notes being converted at time of business combination. Financial Condition.
Removed
Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, we consummated the sale of 3,800,000 Private Warrants to our initial stockholders generating gross proceeds of $3,800,000. Following the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Warrants, a total of $101,000,000 was placed in the trust account.
Added
Total Assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $15,040,664 and $15,040,123, respectively. The increase in assets was due to an increase in accounts and interest receivables. Total Liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $1,414,940 and $3,926,243, respectively.
Removed
We incurred $3,910,297 in Initial Public Offering related costs, including $3,500,000 of underwriting fees and $410,297 of other costs. For the period from its inception though June 30, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $618,833 mostly from administrative and due diligence costs.
Added
The primary driver for the decrease in liability balance was the conversions of accrued wages and notes payable to preferred stock shares. See Note 12 for additional information. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The Company’s primary use of positive cash flow has been to fund corporate holding and public company costs.
Removed
Cash generated from financing activities were $102,414,704 related to the proceeds of our Initial Public Offering and sale of Private Warrants. On March 29, 2022 - trust redemption of $90,334,512,92, reducing the trust account balance to $15,788,742.13.
Added
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had retained earnings of $1,231,588. The Company has limited financial resources. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a working capital deficit of $236,740, a cash balance of $114,138 and cash flow from operations totaling $690,443.
Removed
The redemption was allowed under initial offering documents at the time of trust extension which was necessary because a business combination had not been completed. On September 28, 2022, a second trust redemption of $8,331,836.23. The redemption was allowed under initial offering documents at the time of trust extension.
Added
Management believes that the Company has sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations through at least the first quarter of 2026. In order to execute on its investment and growth plans, the Company will likely be required to raise additional proceeds, through the issuance of equity or debt securities.
Removed
As of December 31, 2022 and October 31, 2023, the effective date of our business combination, the balance in the trust account was $7,613,761.76 and $0.00, respectively. 10 Table of Contents We intended to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the Trust Account (less income taxes payable), to complete our Business Combination.
Added
See Note 11 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for more information on its Debt Facilities. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Removed
To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
Removed
As of December 31, 2023, we have unrestricted cash of $77,023.
Removed
We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel (to the extent necessary and practicable) to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a Business Combination.
Removed
In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need, among other things, additional capital resources. Management’s plan to obtain such resources for the Company include, obtaining capital from management and significant stockholders sufficient to meet its minimal operating expenses. However, management cannot provide any assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans.
Removed
There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient additional funds when needed or that such funds, if available, will be obtainable on terms satisfactory to the Company. In addition, profitability will ultimately depend upon the level of revenues received from business operations. However, there is no assurance that the Company will attain profitability.
Removed
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business.
Removed
We are not aware of any trends or known demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in material increases or decreases in liquidity. 11 Table of Contents OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Removed
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

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