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National Vision Holdings, Inc.

National Vision Holdings, Inc.EYEEarnings & Financial Report

Nasdaq · Health Care · Ophthalmic Goods

Vision Research is an international company that manufactures high-speed digital cameras based in Wayne, New Jersey. Their cameras are marketed under the Phantom brand, and are used in a broad variety of industries including: defense, industrial product development, manufacturing, automotive, scientific research, and entertainment. Vision Research is a business unit of the Materials Analysis Division of Ametek Inc., a global manufacturer of electronic instruments and electromechanical devices.

What changed in National Vision Holdings, Inc.'s 10-K — 2024 vs 2025

Top changes in National Vision Holdings, Inc.'s 2025 10-K

504 paragraphs added · 481 removed · 378 edited across 8 sections

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

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We also offer in our America’s Best and Eyeglass World stores accessories and contact lenses from all major contact lens manufacturers, including our own private label brands (Sofmed and Natural Eyes HydraWear, made by CooperVision). Collectively, our broad product offerings deliver consistent financial results and reduce our reliance on any individual product, style or trend.
In our America’s Best and Eyeglass World stores, we also offer accessories and contact lenses from all major contact lens manufacturers, including our own private label brands (Sofmed and Natural Eyes HydraWear, made by CooperVision). Collectively, our broad product offerings deliver consistent financial results and reduce our reliance on any individual product, style or trend.
The first half seasonality is attributable primarily to the timing of our customers’ income tax refunds and annual health insurance program start/reset periods. We believe that many customers in our target market are value seeking and lower income consumers who rely on tax refunds to pay for eyewear and eye care.
The first half seasonality is attributable primarily to the timing of our customers’ income tax refunds and annual health insurance program start/reset periods. We believe that many customers in our target market are value-seeking consumers who rely on tax refunds to pay for eyewear and eye care.
Areas in which we have invested and continue to invest in include, among others, software systems to enhance the growth of omni-channel, customer engagement efforts, CRM, remote medicine and EHR platforms rollout, cybersecurity programs, our overall security posture, point-of-sale systems and enterprise resource planning (“ERP”).
Areas in which we have invested and continue to invest in include, among others, software systems to enhance the growth of enterprise resource planning (“ERP”), CRM, omni-channel, customer engagement efforts, remote medicine and EHR platforms, cybersecurity programs, our overall security posture, and point-of-sale systems.
Value and Culture We aim to maintain a strong and resonating culture guided by our Vision, Mission and Values. We believe everyone deserves to see their best to live their best and our goal is to help people achieve this by making quality eye care and eyewear more affordable and accessible.
Values and Culture We aim to maintain a strong and resonating culture guided by our Vision, Mission and Values. We believe everyone deserves to see their best to live their best and our goal is to help people achieve this by making quality eye care and eyewear more affordable and accessible.
Its signature offer of “two pairs of eyeglasses for $79.95, including a free eye exam,” is typically priced significantly lower than the competition and provides customers with a wide selection of frame choices at this entry point. In America’s Best stores, vision care services are provided by optometrists employed either by us or by independent professional corporations or similar entities.
Its signature offer of “two pairs of eyeglasses for $89.95, including a free eye exam,” is typically priced significantly lower than the competition and provides customers with a wide selection of frame choices at this entry point. In America’s Best stores, vision care services are provided by optometrists employed either by us or by independent professional corporations or similar entities.
We believe that the Office of Civil Rights, which is the enforcement agency for HIPAA, may implement modest changes to HIPAA in 2024, pursuant to a notice of proposed rulemaking that was issued in December 2020. Moreover, nearly all states have adopted their own data breach laws with comparable (and sometimes conflicting) standards and requirements.
We believe that the Office of Civil Rights, which is the enforcement agency for HIPAA, may implement modest changes to HIPAA in 2025, pursuant to a notice of proposed rulemaking that was issued in December 2020. Moreover, nearly all states have adopted their own data breach laws with comparable (and sometimes conflicting) standards and requirements.
Our centralized optical laboratories handle all aspects of customizing eyeglass lenses, and have digital capabilities for grinding, coating and edging to customer prescription and eyeglass frame specifications. We have developed a high-volume, low-cost lens processing model to provide seven-day turnaround service through our domestic owned laboratories and our international partner laboratories.
Our centralized optical laboratories handle all aspects of customizing eyeglass lenses, and have digital capabilities for grinding, coating and edging to customer prescription and eyeglass frame specifications. We have developed a high-volume, low-cost lens processing model to provide approximately seven- to 10-day turnaround service through our domestic owned laboratories and our international partner laboratories.
Such changes may require us to update our processes and could impact our ability to submit claims or to timely receive reimbursements from our managed care partners. As such, when asked, we have assisted a number of our larger vision care insurance payors to either implement or improve claims transmission processes via application programming interfaces.
Such changes or outages may require us to update our processes and could impact our ability to submit claims or to timely receive reimbursements from our managed care partners. As such, when asked, we have assisted a number of our larger vision care insurance payors to either implement or improve claims transmission processes via application programming interfaces (“APIs”).
In 2019, we established the National Vision Crisis Relief Fund to help support associates who are facing financial hardship as a result of a natural disaster, family emergency or other unexpected events. Since its creation, the fund has provided over $1.7 million to associates for assistance.
In 2019, we established the National Vision Crisis Relief Fund to help support associates who are facing financial hardship as a result of a natural disaster, family emergency or other unexpected events. Since its creation, the fund has provided over $1.9 million to associates for assistance.
Our Sourcing and Supplier Relationships We purchase our frame merchandise from a wide variety of vendors, with a limited number of vendors supplying the majority of our eyeglass lenses and contact lenses. We are a large customer for all of our suppliers and we strive to form meaningful, long-lasting and mutually beneficial relationships with our vendors.
Our Sourcing and Supplier Relationships We purchase our frame merchandise from a wide variety of vendors, with a limited number of vendors supplying the majority of our eyeglass lenses and contact lenses. We are a large customer for most of our suppliers and we strive to form meaningful, long-lasting and mutually beneficial relationships with our vendors.
Additionally, although the period between December 25th and the end of our fiscal year is typically a high-volume period, the net revenue associated with substantially all orders of prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses during that period is deferred until January due to our policy of recognizing revenue only after the product has been accepted by the customer, further contributing to higher revenue results in the first half of the year.
Additionally, although the period between December 25th and the end of our fiscal year is typically a high-volume period, the net revenue associated with substantially all orders of prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses during that period is deferred until January due to our policy of 14 Table of Contents recognizing revenue only after the product has been accepted by the customer, further contributing to higher revenue results in the first half of the year.
Eyeglass World also offers a value price point for customers, with an opening offer of “two pairs of eyeglasses for $89.” This brand is positioned as an eyeglass superstore with a broad selection of designer brands and price points and offers a highly personalized level of service.
Eyeglass World also offers a value price point for customers, with an opening offer of “two pairs of eyeglasses for $99.” This brand is positioned as an eyeglass superstore with a broad selection of designer brands and price points and offers a highly personalized level of service.
We believe our bundled offers, including two pairs of eyeglasses plus an eye exam for $79.95 at America’s Best and two-pairs of eyeglasses for $89 at Eyeglass World, are among the lowest price offerings of any national chain.
We believe our bundled offers, including two pairs of eyeglasses plus an eye exam for $89.95 at America’s Best and two-pairs of eyeglasses for $99 at Eyeglass World, are among the lowest price offerings of any national chain.
Since 2006, we have opened 1,000 stores in the aggregate, including 970 stores under our America’s Best and Eyeglass World retail brands. Our store economics are based on low capital investment, steady ramping of sales in new locations, low operating costs and consistent sales volume and earnings growth in mature stores, which result in attractive returns on capital.
Since 2006, we have opened over 1,000 stores in the aggregate, including 1,039 stores under our America’s Best and Eyeglass World retail brands. Our store economics are based on low capital investment, steady ramping of sales in new locations, low operating costs and consistent sales volume and earnings growth in mature stores, which result in attractive returns on capital.
Our ability to utilize national advertising for America’s Best allows us to communicate this value proposition to a meaningfully greater number of current and potential customers. We believe that our value proposition will continue to drive comparable store sales growth as we attract new customers and increase loyalty with existing customers. • Recurring Revenue Characteristics .
Our ability to utilize national advertising for America’s Best allows us to communicate this value proposition to a meaningfully greater number of current and potential customers. We believe that our value proposition will continue to drive comparable store sales growth as we expand our target market, attract new customers and increase loyalty with existing customers. • Recurring Revenue Characteristics .
Further, many states interpret these or similar rules broadly to prohibit employment of eye care practitioners by corporations like us and to prohibit various financial arrangements, such as fee-splitting, between eye care practitioners and other entities. Many states also 16 Table of Contents regulate certain business practices as well as landlord-tenant arrangements between optical companies and optometrists.
Further, many states interpret these or similar rules broadly to prohibit employment of eye care practitioners by corporations like us and to prohibit various financial arrangements, such as fee-splitting, between eye care practitioners and other entities. Many states also regulate certain business practices as well as landlord-tenant arrangements between optical companies and optometrists.
The multiyear nature of these memberships, which customers pay in full at the time they join, facilitates repeat traffic to America’s Best stores for exams and contact lens purchases and builds customer loyalty. See Note 8. “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” in our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8. of this Form 10-K for additional information.
The multi­year nature of these memberships, which customers pay in full at the time they join, facilitates repeat traffic to America’s Best stores for exams and contact lens purchases and builds customer loyalty. See Note 9. “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” in our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8. of this Form 10-K for additional information.
We are continuing our multi-year sponsorship of the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry campaign “Optometry Gives Me Life” targeted at high school and college students, and ensuring that graduating optometrists are educated on the variety of career options available to them.
We are continuing our multi-year sponsorship of the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry campaign “Optometry Gives Me Life” targeted at high school and college 12 Table of contents students, and ensuring that graduating optometrists are educated on the variety of career options available to them.
These laws, which vary by state, mandate that sellers of such contracts comply with various registration, disclosure and financial requirements. It is possible that regulators in certain states could determine that our extended warranty plans should be subject to these laws.
In certain states, laws governing service contracts regulate these plans. These laws, which vary by state, mandate that sellers of such contracts comply with various registration, disclosure and financial requirements. It is possible that regulators in certain states could determine that our extended warranty plans should be subject to these laws.
Our new store model targets a store size between 3,500 to 4,500 square feet and an average new store cash investment of approximately $0.4 million to $0.6 million, in furniture, fixtures, leaseholds and equipment for new stores, net of tenant incentives.
Our new store model generally targets a store size between 2,500 to 4,500 square feet and an average new store cash investment of approximately $0.4 million to $0.6 million, in furniture, fixtures, leaseholds and equipment for new stores, net of tenant incentives.
The definition of “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including, for example, gifts, certain discounts, the furnishing of free supplies, equipment, office space or services, credit arrangements, payment of cash and waivers of payments.
The definition of “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including, for example, gifts, 16 Table of Contents certain discounts, the furnishing of free supplies, equipment, office space or services, credit arrangements, payment of cash and waivers of payments.
For our Host brands, we rely on our Host partners’ marketing initiatives to drive traffic into their stores. We then develop and execute highly targeted local marketing campaigns within stores to create awareness of our service and product offerings. Our CRM system is used to collect customer demographic data.
For our Host brands, we rely on our Host partners’ marketing initiatives to drive traffic into their stores. We then develop and execute highly targeted local marketing campaigns within stores to create awareness of our service and product offerings. Our Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”) system is used to collect customer demographic data.
This is anticipated to result in a larger percentage of the population suffering from screen-related vision problems, driving incremental sales of vision correction devices, such as traditional eyeglasses and contact lenses, as well as higher margin products designed specifically to counteract the effect of looking at screens for prolonged stretches of time.
This is anticipated to result in a larger percentage of the population suffering from screen-related vision problems, driving incremental sales of vision correction devices, such as traditional eyeglasses and contact lenses, as well as higher margin products designed specifically to counteract the effect of looking at screens for prolonged stretches of time. • Growing Focus on Health and Wellness .
Our Optical Laboratories and Distribution Network We use a highly efficient mix of four domestic, company-operated processing facilities and have two outsourcing relationships with international, third-party facilities. We have state-of-the-art lens processing capabilities in our geographically diverse, company-operated production facilities in Lawrenceville, Georgia; St. Cloud, Minnesota; Plano, Texas; and Salt Lake City, Utah.
Our Optical Laboratories and Distribution Network We use a highly efficient mix of four domestic, company-operated processing facilities and have an outsourcing relationship with an international, third-party facility. We have state-of-the-art lens processing capabilities in our geographically diverse, company-operated production facilities in Lawrenceville, Georgia; St. Cloud, Minnesota; Plano, Texas; and Salt Lake City, Utah.
Most optometrists recommend annual eye exams as a preventive measure against serious eye conditions and to help patients identify changes in their vision correction needs. According to the Vision Council, approximately 115 million eye exams were performed in the U.S. during 2023.
Most optometrists recommend annual eye exams as a preventive measure against serious eye conditions and to help patients identify changes in their vision correction needs. According to the Vision Council, approximately 117 million eye exams were performed in the U.S. during 2024.
By consistently replicating the key characteristics of our store model, we execute a formula-based approach to opening new stores and managing existing stores, which has delivered predictable store performance across vintages, diverse geographies, and new and existing markets.
By consistently replicating the key characteristics of our store model, we have executed a formula-based approach to opening new stores and managing existing stores, which has historically delivered predictable store performance across vintages, diverse geographies, and new and existing markets.
These state laws apply to breaches of specified elements of PII. In addition, California and a number of other states have adopted comprehensive consumer privacy laws, and additional states may amend or adopt new laws or regulations regarding data privacy that may be applicable to us, including additional consumer privacy laws.
These state laws apply to breaches of specified elements of PII. In addition, more than a dozen states, including California, have adopted comprehensive consumer privacy laws, and additional states may amend or adopt new laws or regulations regarding data privacy that may be applicable to us, including additional consumer privacy laws.
These brands combine a broad selection of products and attentive customer service with the convenience of one-stop shopping. These brands also utilize our centralized laboratories and provide eye exams principally by independent optometrists in nearly all locations.
These brands combine a broad selection of products and attentive customer service with the convenience of one-stop shopping. These brands also utilize our centralized laboratories and provide eye exams principally by independent optometrists in nearly all locations. Our Omni-Channel and E-Commerce Platforms.
We offer our customers an engaging digital shopping experience through an established platform of omni-channel store websites, and dedicated e-commerce consumer websites. Our omni-channel store websites augment our America’s Best, Eyeglass World and Vista Optical in military brands and provide a customer experience that extends across our in-store, mobile and e-commerce channels.
We offer our customers an engaging digital shopping experience through an established platform of omni-channel store websites, and our dedicated e-commerce consumer website, 8 Table of Contents DiscountContacts.com. Our omni-channel store websites augment our America’s Best, Eyeglass World and Vista Optical in military brands and provide a customer experience that extends across our in-store, mobile and e-commerce channels.
Item 1. Business National Vision Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to here as “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” or “National Vision.” National Vision Holdings, Inc. conducts substantially all of its activities through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, National Vision, Inc. (“NVI”), and NVI’s subsidiaries. Our website is www.nationalvision.com .
Item 1. Business National Vision Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to here as “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” or “National Vision.” National Vision Holdings, Inc. conducts substantially all of its activities through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, National Vision, Inc. (“NVI”), and NVI’s subsidiaries.
As of December 30, 2023, this technology has been enabled in over 500 of our America’s Best locations. We believe remote medicine not only helps provide quality, accessible eye care to more patients, but also helps address constraints in exam capacity from optometrist availability in store.
As of December 28, 2024, this technology has been enabled in over 730 of our America’s Best locations. We believe remote medicine not only helps provide quality, accessible eye care to more patients, but also helps address constraints in exam capacity from optometrist availability in store.
Eye care purchases are predominantly a medical necessity and are therefore considered non-discretionary in nature. While there are ranges of customer behaviors based on demographics and other factors, it is estimated that optical consumers typically replace their eyeglasses every two to three years and their contact lenses every six to 12 months, reflecting the predictability of these recurring purchase behaviors.
Eye care purchases are predominantly a medical necessity and are therefore considered non-discretionary in nature. While there are ranges of customer behaviors based on demographics and other factors, we estimate that our customers typically replace their eyeglasses every two to three years and their contact lenses every six to 12 months, reflecting the predictability of these recurring purchase behaviors.
Lens orders that are not completed in store are 8 Table of Contents completed by our centralized laboratory network. These stores are primarily located in freestanding or in-line locations near high-foot-traffic shopping centers. Our Partner Brands.
Lens orders that are not completed in store are completed by our centralized laboratory network. These stores are primarily located in freestanding or in-line locations near high-foot-traffic shopping centers. Our Host Brands.
We also work collaboratively with others in the industry to help a portion of the world’s population who live with uncorrected vision problems. Human Capital Management As of December 30, 2023, we had 13,998 full-time and part-time associates, including 582 directly employed optometrists.
We also work collaboratively with others in the industry to help a portion of the world’s population who live with uncorrected vision problems. Human Capital Management As of December 28, 2024, we had 13,411 full-time and part-time associates, including 636 directly employed optometrists.
Based on a variety of third-party research studies, we have found that our customers typically prioritize value and convenience above other considerations. Value encompasses a combination of eye health with quality products and services, all offered at a fair price.
Purchasing decisions are based on value, quality of service, fashion, location and eye health, among other factors. Based on a variety of third-party research studies, we have found that our customers typically prioritize value and convenience above other considerations. Value encompasses a combination of eye health with quality products and services, all offered at a fair price.
While there are ranges of customer behaviors based on demographics and other factors, it is estimated that optical consumers typically replace their eyeglasses every two to three years and their contact lenses every six to 12 months, reflecting the predictability of these recurring purchase behaviors . • Increased Usage of Computer and Mobile Screens .
While there are ranges of customer behaviors based on demographics and other factors, we estimate that our customers typically replace their eyeglasses every two to three years and their contact lenses every six to 12 months, reflecting the predictability of these recurring purchase behaviors . • Increased Usage of Computer and Mobile Screens .
A significant portion of America’s Best and Eyeglass World’s advertising investments are on awareness-driving video advertisements, network television and digital platforms, which we leverage broadly across multiple stores in each market to gain a larger share of voice and, in turn, drive traffic and margins.
We believe that video is a key channel for connecting with our customers. A significant portion of America’s Best and Eyeglass World’s advertising investments are on awareness-driving video advertisements, network television and digital platforms, which we leverage broadly across multiple stores in each market to gain a larger share of voice and, in turn, drive traffic and margins.
Our credit card agreements with our banks require that we comply with this standard and pay any fines or assessments imposed by the credit card companies in the event of a compromise of card data. Service Contract Regulations We offer product protection plans for our eyeglasses. In certain states, laws governing service contracts regulate these plans.
Certain states have incorporated these requirements into state law. Our credit card agreements with our banks require that we comply with this standard and pay any fines or assessments imposed by the credit card companies in the event of a compromise of card data. Service Contract Regulations We offer product protection plans for our eyeglasses.
Our ability to launch our remote medicine solution in certain jurisdictions at all or in the most cost-efficient manner is highly dependent on the evolution of these state-by-state requirements and restrictions. Professional Licensure and Regulation Our operations are subject to state licensing laws. All states license the practice of ophthalmology and optometry and many states license opticians.
Our ability to launch our remote medicine solution in certain jurisdictions at all or in the most cost-efficient manner is highly dependent on the evolution of these state-by-state requirements and restrictions. 15 Table of contents Professional Licensure and Regulation Our operations are subject to state licensing laws.
The fundamentals of our model are described below: • Differentiated and Defensible Value Proposition . We believe our success is driven by our value-based offerings, convenient locations, broad assortment of branded and private label merchandise and the high levels of in-store service provided by our well-trained and passionate store associates and vision care professionals.
We believe our success is primarily driven by our value-based offerings, convenient locations, broad assortment of branded and private label merchandise and the high levels of in-store service provided by our well-trained and passionate store associates and vision care professionals.
The dispensing of prescription eyewear is also regulated in most states in which we do business and, in some states, we are required to register our stores as optical dispensaries.
All states license the practice of ophthalmology and optometry and many states license opticians. The dispensing of prescription eyewear is also regulated in most states in which we do business and, in some states, we are required to register our stores as optical dispensaries.
Convenience encompasses multiple vectors: (i) retail locations near where our customers work and shop, with easy, convenient parking, (ii) store hours that fit their lifestyles, (iii) product selection that achieves aesthetic and/or fashion goals, (iv) availability of on-site eye exams and (v) acceptance of certain vision insurance benefits. 11 Table of Contents Our Sales and Marketing We developed our marketing strategy based on the in-depth knowledge we have of our customers.
Convenience encompasses multiple vectors: (i) 10 Table of Contents retail locations near where our customers work and shop, with easy, convenient parking, (ii) store hours that fit their lifestyles, (iii) product selection that achieves aesthetic and/or fashion goals, (iv) availability of on-site eye exams and (v) acceptance of certain vision insurance benefits.
This is further demonstrated by the customer mix of our mature stores, with existing customers representing 66% of total customers in 2023 and new customers representing the remaining 34% of total customers in 2023. • Attractive Store Economics .
This is further demonstrated by the customer mix of our mature stores, with existing customers representing 67% of total customers in 2024 and new customers representing the remaining 33% of total customers in 2024. • Target Attractive Store Economics .
The FCPA and other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments or offering anything of value to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies and our code of conduct mandate compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including these.
The FCPA and other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments or offering anything of value to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.
Through our point-of-sale system and our back-office electronic data interchange, or EDI, capabilities, we attempt to create a seamless transactional experience for our managed care customers. From time to time, vision care insurance payors may make changes to their EDI claim systems.
Through our point-of-sale system and our back-office electronic data interchange (“EDI”) capabilities, we attempt to create a seamless transactional experience for our managed care customers and have increased training for our store associates with this goal in mind. From time to time, vision care insurance payors may make changes to their EDI claim systems or experience system outages.
We have two continuing partner brands consisting of 54 Vista Optical locations on military bases and 29 Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores as of December 30, 2023. Our partner brands all compete within the value segment of the U.S. optical retail industry.
We have two Host brands consisting of 53 Vista Optical locations on military bases and 29 Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores as of December 28, 2024. Our Host brands compete within the value segment of the U.S. optical retail industry.
Changes in consumer behavior driven by lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a departure from seasonal norms we have experienced in recent years and may continue to disrupt the historical quarterly cadence of our results of operations for an unknown period of time.
Furthermore, changes in consumer behavior in recent years have suggested a departure from the seasonal norms we have experienced in the past and may continue to disrupt the historical quarterly cadence of our results of operations for an unknown period of time.
With this information and the third-party data that we use to supplement the customer information, we enhance our customer relationships with communications based on their individual vision needs and interests to help improve existing customer retention. We are also in the early stages of an upgrade to our CRM capabilities.
With this information and the third-party data that we use to supplement the customer information, we enhance our customer relationships with communications based on their individual vision needs and interests to help improve existing customer retention.
Our financial success has helped fuel our ever-growing philanthropic engine. In the U.S., through our partnership with charitable organizations, we provide free vision screenings, eye exams and eyeglasses to young Americans and other underserved communities.
In the U.S., through our partnership with charitable organizations, we provide free vision screenings, eye exams and eyeglasses to young Americans and other underserved communities.
Our network of optometrists includes a mix of full-time and part-time optometrists, and this mix can change over time. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements. We have never experienced a strike or work stoppage, and we believe that our relations with our associates and optometrists are good.
We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements. We have never experienced a strike or work stoppage, and we believe that our relations with our associates and optometrists are good.
We have, in the past, and may, in the future, experience heightened challenges to be admitted as a provider to these networks or to maintain our status in them. 15 Table of Contents Seasonality Our business is moderately seasonal in nature.
Competition in our managed care business is based on many factors, including price and the density of the provider network. We have, in the past, and may, in the future, experience heightened challenges to be admitted as a provider to these networks or to maintain our status in them. Seasonality Our business is moderately seasonal in nature.
Our brands are positioned to stand for low prices and great value, both of which resonate with our target consumers and leave a lasting impression that is distinct from the competition. We believe that video is a key channel for connecting with our customers.
Our Sales and Marketing We developed our marketing strategy based on the in-depth knowledge we have of our customers. Our brands are positioned to stand for low prices and great value, both of which resonate with our target consumers and leave a lasting impression that is distinct from the competition.
Competition The optical retail industry is highly competitive. Competition is generally based upon brand name recognition, price, convenience, selection, service and product quality. We operate within the value segment of the U.S. optical retail industry, which emphasizes price and affordability. This segment is fragmented.
Competition is generally based upon brand name recognition, price, convenience, selection, service and product quality. We operate within the value segment of the U.S. optical retail industry, which emphasizes price and affordability. This segment is fragmented. We compete with mass merchants and warehouse club stores, specialty retail chains, and independent eye care practitioners and opticians.
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI Standard”) Because we accept debit and credit cards for payment, we are subject to the PCI Standard, which contains compliance guidelines with regard to our security surrounding the physical and electronic storage, processing and transmission of cardholder data. Certain states have incorporated these requirements into state law.
Our policies and our code of conduct mandate compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including these. 17 Table of Contents Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI Standard”) Because we accept debit and credit cards for payment, we are subject to the PCI Standard, which contains compliance guidelines with regard to our security surrounding the physical and electronic storage, processing and transmission of cardholder data.
Our new store model targets sales in the fifth year of operation in the range of $1.5 million to $1.7 million, with at least 55% of year five sales targeted in the first full year of operation. Our new store model targets vary for America’s Best and Eyeglass World stores to reflect differences by brand, markets and geography.
Our new store model targets sales in the fifth year of operation in the range of $1.5 million to $1.7 million, with at least 55% of year five sales targeted in the first full year of operation.
We continued to grow and invest in the Training Store Manager Program in 2023, building on our culture of developing and promoting our associates. Benefits and Wellness We strive to ensure our people always feel supported so they can bring their best selves to work every day. We demonstrate this commitment through many of our benefits and wellness offerings.
Benefits and Wellness We strive to ensure our people always feel supported so they can bring their best selves to work every day. We demonstrate this commitment through many of our benefits and wellness offerings.
Recently, there has been an increase in legislative and rulemaking activity that creates disparity across jurisdictions in how telehealth is regulated and how we are able to implement our remote medicine solution.
There is a disparity across jurisdictions in how telehealth is regulated and how we are able to implement our remote medicine solution.
We are required to register our centralized laboratories with the FDA. Consumer Protection Laws Federal and state consumer protection laws and regulations can apply to our operations and retail offers. Some of our promotions, such as our America’s Best offer of a “free” eye exam, are subject to compliance with laws and regulations governing use of this term.
Some of our promotions, such as our America’s Best offer of a “free” eye exam, are subject to compliance with laws and regulations governing use of this term.
This architecture is integrated with the point-of-sale system and enables us to minimize our processing costs, while ensuring on-time deliveries. The processing system is designed such that the more eyeglasses we sell, the more efficient the laboratories become, creating significant cost savings over time.
This architecture is integrated with the point-of-sale system and enables us to minimize our processing costs, while ensuring on-time deliveries.
Managed Vision Care Our managed care business relates to vision care programs and associated benefits provided by stand-alone vision insurance entities, healthcare plans and government programs. National Vision participates as a provider of both vision care and related vision product solutions, including eyeglasses and contact lenses, and primarily participates in private managed care programs.
National Vision participates as a provider of both vision care and related vision product solutions, including eyeglasses and contact lenses, and primarily participates in private managed care programs.
Our Business The following table provides an overview of our portfolio of brands, excluding the Legacy segment stores and websites that we operated as of December 30, 2023 but no longer operate or will cease to operate in 2024 (see “Our Partner Brands” below for more information): Overview of Our Brands and Omni-channel & E-commerce Platform Owned & Host Brands Lowest Price Eyewear Value Superstore Shop-Within-A-Shop Commissary Store Employed ODs Mostly Independent ODs Mostly Independent ODs Mostly Independent ODs 957 Stores 148 Stores 29 Stores 54 Stores ~3,500 sq. ft. ~4,500 sq. ft. ~800 sq. ft. ~1,000 sq. ft. ~1,400 SKUs ~1,400 SKUs ~600 SKUs ~800 SKUs Centralized Lab Lab in Store / Centralized Lab Centralized Lab Centralized Lab OMNI-CHANNEL & E-COMMERCE Note: Store count as of December 30, 2023.
The table above presents stores in operations across all retail brands at the end of each fiscal year, excluding Walmart Vision Center stores. 7 Table of Contents Our Business The following table provides an overview of our portfolio of brands (see “Our Host Brands” below for more information): Overview of Our Brands and Omni-channel & E-commerce Platforms Owned & Host Brands Lowest Price Eyewear Value Superstore Shop-Within-A-Shop Commissary Store Employed ODs Mostly Independent ODs Mostly Independent ODs Mostly Independent ODs 1,036 Stores 122 Stores 29 Stores 53 Stores ~3,500 sq. ft. ~4,500 sq. ft. ~800 sq. ft. ~1,000 sq. ft. ~1,400 SKUs ~1,400 SKUs ~600 SKUs ~800 SKUs Centralized Lab Lab in Store / Centralized Lab Centralized Lab Centralized Lab OMNI-CHANNEL & E-COMMERCE Note: Store count as of December 28, 2024.
In the aggregate, sales from our omni-channel and e-commerce platforms, which include “buy-in-store and ship-to-home” transactions, represented approximately 9.9% and 11.2% of net revenue in fiscal year 2023 and 2022, respectively. Reportable segments: We had two reportable segments as of December 30, 2023: our Owned & Host segment and our Legacy segment.
In the aggregate, sales from our omni-channel and e-commerce platforms, which include “buy-in-store and ship-to-home” transactions, represented approximately 7.3% and 10.1% of net revenue in fiscal year 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Furthermore, this increased focus on health means that people are living longer, which increases the overall demand for vision care and the frequency with which people visit their eye care practitioners for vision care products and services. 1 In recent years, the Vision Council has made multiple updates to its methodology for estimating the size of the optical retail industry including the use of new and updated sources for such data that had not been previously utilized for past industry estimates.
Eye exams can detect a host of 1 In recent years, The Vision Council has made multiple updates to its methodology for estimating the size of the optical retail industry including the use of new and updated sources for such data that had not been previously utilized for past industry estimates.
It is possible that state regulators could determine that we are operating as a discount medical plan and thus subject to various registration, disclosure and solvency requirements. 17 Table of contents Privacy and Security We directly collect, use, access, disclose, transmit and/or store protected health information (“PHI”) and personally identifiable information (“PII”) in connection with the sales of our products and services, customer service, billing and employment practices.
Privacy and Security We directly collect, use, access, disclose, transmit and/or store protected health information (“PHI”) and personally identifiable information (“PII”) in connection with the sales of our products and services, customer service, billing and employment practices.
Our associates feel pride in the positive work they are doing, which allows us to attract and retain both store associates and vision care professionals, thus improving the customer experience in our stores. In addition, our mission has been essential to the recruitment and retention of our management team, whose extensive experience is a key component of our business success.
Our philanthropic culture instills a sense of purpose and engagement in our associates, from in-store team members to senior management. Our associates feel pride in the positive work they are doing, which helps us to attract and retain both store associates and vision care professionals, thus improving the customer experience in our stores.
The online sale of contact lenses has steadily increased in particular since the passage of the Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act. See “Government Regulation” below for more detail. The online sale of eyeglasses has not developed as quickly, but a number of firms are primarily focused on this market, including Warby Parker and Zenni Optical.
See “Government Regulation” below for more detail. The online sale of eyeglasses has not developed as quickly, but a number of firms are primarily focused on this market, including Warby Parker and Zenni Optical. We may also face competition in the future as companies increasingly employ emerging technologies in the optical retail industry, including, for example, online vision exams.
We compete with mass merchants and warehouse club stores, specialty retail chains, and independent eye care practitioners and opticians. In the broader optical retail industry, we also compete with large national retailers such as LensCrafters, Pearle Vision and Visionworks, both in physical retail locations and online. We also compete with online sellers of contact lenses and eyewear.
In the broader optical retail industry, we also compete with large national retailers such as LensCrafters, Pearle Vision and Visionworks, both in physical retail locations and online. We also compete with online sellers of contact lenses and eyewear. The online sale of contact lenses has steadily increased in particular since the passage of the Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act.
These laws, which have been adopted in a number of states, require the licensing or registration of organizations that provide discounted access to health care providers.
These laws, which have been adopted in a number of states, require the licensing or registration of organizations that provide discounted access to health care providers. It is possible that state regulators could determine that we are operating as a discount medical plan and thus subject to various registration, disclosure and solvency requirements.
Our human capital initiatives are focused on attracting highly qualified individuals and providing them with continued opportunities for growth and development. 13 Table of contents Talent Acquisition At National Vision, we are committed to attracting talent aligned with our Vision, Mission and Values. We continue to refine our technology to improve both the candidate and hiring manager experience.
Our human capital initiatives are focused on attracting highly qualified individuals and providing them with continued opportunities for growth and development. We were named one of Newsweek’s America’s Most Responsible Companies for 2024 in recognition of our corporate responsibility and citizenship. Talent Acquisition At National Vision, we are committed to attracting talent aligned with our Vision, Mission and Values.
We believe the industry’s continued growth and its resilience to economic cycles is due in large part to the medical, non-discretionary and recurring nature of eye care purchases.
Our Industry 1 We operate in the U.S. optical retail industry, which is defined by The Vision Council to include the sale of exams, frames, lenses, contact lenses, plano sunglasses and readers. We believe the industry’s continued growth and its resilience to economic cycles is due in large part to the medical, non-discretionary and recurring nature of eye care purchases.
Due to the proliferation of smartphones, laptops, tablets and other electronic devices, the U.S. population has experienced a dramatic increase in the amount of time spent viewing electronic screens. According to The Vision Council, about 90% of American adults reported using digital devices for more than three hours per day with approximately 80% reporting experiencing symptoms of digital eye strain.
According to the most recent data reported by The Vision Council in 2022, about 90% of American adults reported using digital devices for more than three hours per day with approximately 80% reporting experiencing symptoms of digital eye strain.
We have an established partnership with a third-party real estate data analytics firm to evaluate potential new America’s Best and Eyeglass World stores. The analysis suggests that we can grow America’s Best to at least 1,300 stores and Eyeglass World to at least 850 stores, inclusive of those already open.
We believe that we continue to have significant whitespace opportunity for continued growth. We have an established partnership with a third-party real estate data analytics firm to evaluate potential new America’s Best and Eyeglass World stores.
We may also face competition in the future as companies increasingly employ emerging technologies in the optical retail industry, including, for example, online vision exams. In our managed care business, we also compete with other managed care payors, several of which are vertically integrated, with substantial retail networks.
In our managed care business, we also compete with other managed care payors, several of which are vertically integrated, with substantial retail networks.
As of December 31, 2022, our network of optometrists included 2,312 optometrists, which consists of the 471 directly employed optometrists, 1,337 optometrists employed by professional corporations or similar entities with which we contract, and 504 optometrists who sublease in our store locations.
As of December 28, 2024, our network of optometrists included 2,393 optometrists, of which 636 were directly employed by us, 1,478 were employed by professional corporations or similar entities with which we contract, and 279 who sublease in our store locations. Our network of optometrists includes a mix of full-time and part-time optometrists, and this mix can change over time.
We have also increased ongoing training in recent years, especially in the areas of safety protocol procedures and customer interactions. We provide associates and optometrists with several opportunities and mechanisms through which they can provide feedback and that allows us to continue developing programs for training and growth.
We provide associates and optometrists with several opportunities and mechanisms through which they can provide feedback, and this allows us to continue developing programs for training and growth. In 2024, we designed and piloted two new-hire and onboarding programs.
Once participants are certified as Training Store Managers, they provide onboarding and training support to store managers across their district. In addition to providing valuable support to new managers and new store teams, the program provides our associates with a new avenue for leadership opportunities and professional development.
In addition to providing valuable support to new managers and new store teams, the program provides a new avenue for leadership opportunities and professional development for our associates. We continued to grow and invest in the Training Store Manager Program in 2024, building on our culture of developing and promoting our associates.
Our Owned & Host segment includes our two owned brands, America’s Best and Eyeglass World, as well as our partner brands, Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores and Vista Optical locations on select military bases. Our Legacy segment consisted of our partnership with Walmart to operate Vision Centers in select Walmart stores that ended on February 23, 2024.
We had one reportable segment as of December 28, 2024: our Owned & Host segment. Our Owned & Host segment includes our two owned brands, America’s Best Contacts and Eyeglasses (“America’s Best”) and Eyeglass World, as well as our Host brands, Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores and Vista Optical locations on select military bases. See Part II.
We have invested in supporting our store managers through a Training Store Manager program, which provides training during their critical first steps as new managers. The program offers high-performing store managers the opportunity to certify as Training Store Managers through a five-week certification process focused on coaching, self-awareness, giving and receiving feedback, and time management.
We have also invested in supporting our new-to-role store managers through the Training Store Manager Program, which provides training during their critical first weeks in their new store. The program offers high-performing store managers the opportunity to become certified Training Store Managers for their district.
General We are one of the largest optical retailers in the United States (“U.S.”) and a leader in the attractive value segment of the U.S. optical retail industry. We believe that vision is central to quality of life and that people deserve to see their best to live their best, regardless of their budget.
Item 8. Note 16. “Segment Reporting” for more information. General We are one of the largest optical retailers in the United States (“U.S.”) and a leader in the attractive value segment of the U.S. optical retail industry.
Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by us are estimated, in part, by considering historical claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions. Where we have retained risk through self-insurance or similar arrangements, we utilize third-party firms to assist management in assessing the financial impact of risk retention.
Where we have retained risk through self-insurance or similar arrangements, we utilize third-party firms to assist management in assessing the financial impact of risk retention. Our Website and Availability of SEC Reports and Other Information Our website is www.nationalvision.com .

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

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Future changes in the business profitability, expected cash flows, changes in our business strategy and external market conditions, among other factors, could require us to record impairment charges for goodwill or intangible assets, which could lead to decreased assets and reduced net income.
Future changes in the business profitability, expected cash flows, our business strategy and external market conditions, among other factors, could require us to record impairment charges for goodwill or intangible assets, which could lead to decreased assets and reduced net income.
The success of our contemplated expansion depends on many factors, including, among others, our ability to: • recruit and retain qualified vision care professionals (who may be licensed or unlicensed, depending on state regulations) for any new store; • address regulatory, competitive, merchandising, marketing, distribution and other challenges encountered in connection with expansion into new markets where we have limited historical experience; • hire, train and retain an expanded workforce of store managers and other personnel; • maintain adequate laboratory, distribution facility, information technology and other operational system capabilities; • successfully integrate new stores into our existing management structure and operations, including information technology integration; • negotiate acceptable lease terms at suitable retail locations; • source sufficient levels of inventory at acceptable costs; • obtain necessary permits and licenses; • construct and open our stores on a timely basis; • generate sufficient levels of cash or obtain financing on acceptable terms to support our expansion; • participate in managed care arrangements for new stores; 22 Table of Contents • achieve and maintain brand awareness in new and existing markets; and • identify and satisfy the merchandise, lifestyle and other preferences of our customers.
The success of our contemplated expansion depends on many factors, including, among others, our ability to: • recruit and retain qualified vision care professionals (who may be licensed or unlicensed, depending on state regulations) for any new store; • address regulatory, competitive, merchandising, marketing, distribution and other challenges encountered in connection with expansion into new markets where we have limited historical experience; • hire, train and retain an expanded workforce of store managers and other personnel; • maintain adequate laboratory, distribution facility, information technology and other operational system capabilities; • successfully integrate new stores into our existing management structure and operations, including information technology integration; • negotiate acceptable lease terms at suitable retail locations; • source sufficient levels of inventory at acceptable costs; • obtain necessary permits and licenses; • construct and open our stores on a timely basis; • generate sufficient levels of cash or obtain financing on acceptable terms to support our expansion; • participate in managed care arrangements for new stores; • achieve and maintain brand awareness in new and existing markets; and • identify and satisfy the merchandise, lifestyle and other preferences of our customers.
If the performance of our Host and Legacy brands declines or we are unable to maintain or extend our operating relationships with our Host partners, our business, profitability and cash flows may be adversely affected and we may be required to incur impairment charges.
If the performance of our Host brands declines or we are unable to maintain or extend our operating relationships with our Host partners, our business, profitability and cash flows may be adversely affected and we may be required to incur impairment charges.
Our leverage could have a number of consequences for us, including: • requiring us to utilize a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to make payments on our indebtedness, reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate and other purposes; • increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry or competitive developments; • making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including any financial maintenance and restrictive covenants, could result in an event of default under the agreements governing our indebtedness; • restricting us from capitalizing on business opportunities; • limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, execution of our business strategy, debt service requirements, acquisitions or other general corporate purposes; and 37 Table of Contents • limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage prevents us from exploiting.
Our leverage could have a number of consequences for us, including: • requiring us to utilize a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to make payments on our indebtedness, reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate and other purposes; • increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry or competitive developments; • making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including any financial maintenance and restrictive covenants, could result in an event of default under the agreements governing our indebtedness; • restricting us from capitalizing on business opportunities; 37 Table of Conten t s • limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, execution of our business strategy, debt service requirements, acquisitions or other general corporate purposes; and • limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage prevents us from exploiting.
If our practices in the areas of social impact, employee empowerment, environmental stewardship and corporate governance fail to meet such expectations and standards, our reputation or employee and customer retention may be negatively impacted. Additionally, increased regulatory requirements regarding climate and ESG disclosures, as well as environmental stewardship, could also lead to increased operational costs.
If our practices in the areas of social impact, employee empowerment, environmental stewardship and corporate governance fail to meet such expectations and standards, our reputation or employee and customer retention may be negatively impacted. Additionally, increased regulatory requirements regarding climate and sustainability disclosures, as well as environmental stewardship, could also lead to increased operational costs.
The trading price of our common stock may be volatile and subject to fluctuations due to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including those listed under these “Risk Factors,” and the following: • actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations; • changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors; • additions or departures of key management personnel; • strategic actions by us or our competitors, including announcements by us, our competitors, our suppliers or our Host and Legacy organizations of significant contracts, price reductions, new products or technologies, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures, other strategic relationships, or capital commitments; • changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the consumer spending environment; • changes in business or regulatory conditions; • investor perceptions of or the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives; • the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC; • announcements relating to litigation or governmental investigations; • guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance; Furthermore, the stock market may experience extreme volatility that, in some cases, may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies.
The trading price of our common stock may be volatile and subject to fluctuations due to a number of factors, most of which we cannot control, including those listed under these “Risk Factors,” and the following: • actual or anticipated variations in our results of operations; • changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors; • additions or departures of key management personnel; • strategic actions by us or our competitors, including announcements by us, our competitors, our suppliers or our Host organizations of significant contracts, price reductions, new products or technologies, acquisitions, joint marketing relationships, joint ventures, other strategic relationships, or capital commitments; • changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in our industry or the economy as a whole and, in particular, in the consumer spending environment; • changes in business or regulatory conditions; • investor perceptions of or the investment opportunity associated with our common stock relative to other investment alternatives; • the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by us or third parties, including our filings with the SEC; • announcements relating to litigation or governmental investigations; • guidance, if any, that we provide to the public, any changes in this guidance or our failure to meet this guidance; 39 Table of Conten t s Furthermore, the stock market may experience extreme volatility that, in some cases, may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies.
At this time, it is not possible to predict the full effect that the discontinuance of LIBOR, or the establishment of alternative reference rates such as SOFR, will have on us or our borrowing costs and such changes may result in an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.
Moreover, at this time, it is not possible to predict the full effect that the recent discontinuance of LIBOR, or the establishment of alternative reference rates such as SOFR, will have on us or our borrowing costs and such changes may result in an increase in the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.
These covenants may limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries, under certain circumstances, to, among other things: • incur additional indebtedness; • create or incur liens; • engage in certain fundamental changes, including mergers or consolidations; • sell or transfer assets; • pay dividends and distributions on our subsidiaries’ capital stock; • make acquisitions, investments, loans or advances; • pay or modify the terms of certain indebtedness; • engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and • enter into negative pledge clauses and clauses restricting subsidiary distributions. 38 Table of Contents Our credit agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including a change of control and financial maintenance covenants prohibiting us from exceeding a certain total leverage ratio or falling below a certain interest coverage ratio.
These covenants may limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries, under certain circumstances, to, among other things: • incur additional indebtedness; • create or incur liens; • engage in certain fundamental changes, including mergers or consolidations; • sell or transfer assets; • pay dividends and distributions on our subsidiaries’ capital stock; • make acquisitions, investments, loans or advances; • pay or modify the terms of certain indebtedness; • engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and • enter into negative pledge clauses and clauses restricting subsidiary distributions. 38 Table of Conten t s Our credit agreement also contains certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default, including a change of control and financial maintenance covenants prohibiting us from exceeding a certain total leverage ratio or falling below a certain interest coverage ratio.
In addition to the vision care and healthcare laws and regulations discussed above, we are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws and governmental regulations including those relating to environmental protection, building, land use and zoning requirements, workplace regulations, wage and hour, privacy and information security, consumer protection, immigration, and employment matters.
In addition to the vision care and healthcare laws and regulations discussed above, we are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws and governmental regulations including those relating to environmental protection, building, land use and zoning requirements, workplace regulations, public accommodation, wage and hour, privacy and information security, consumer protection, immigration, and employment matters.
Following receipt of notice of non-renewal by Walmart on July 20, 2023, our partnership with Walmart, which includes supplying and operating Vision Centers in select Walmart stores and arranging for the provision of optometric services at certain Walmart locations in California, ended effective as of February 23, 2024.
Following receipt of notice of non-renewal by Walmart on July 20, 2023, our partnership with Walmart, which included supplying and operating Vision Centers in select Walmart stores and arranging for the provision of optometric services at certain Walmart locations in California, ended effective as of February 23, 2024.
We are subject to risks associated with leasing substantial amounts of space, including future increases in occupancy costs. We lease our America’s Best and Eyeglass World store locations, our corporate office, the FirstSight corporate office, our laboratories in Georgia, Texas and Utah, and our distribution centers.
We are subject to risks associated with leasing substantial amounts of space, including future increases in occupancy costs. We lease our America’s Best and Eyeglass World store locations, our corporate office, the FirstSight corporate office, our laboratories in Georgia, Texas and Utah, and our distribution center.
If claims for payment are disputed by managed care payors or if we fail to timely or accurately submit claims, we may not receive payment for such claims in a 32 Table of Contents timely manner or at all, which could negatively impact our relationship with managed care organizations and could require us to take write-offs or otherwise have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If claims for payment are disputed by managed care payors or if we fail to timely or accurately submit claims, we may not receive payment for such claims in a timely manner or at all, which could negatively impact our relationship with managed care organizations and could require us to take write-offs or otherwise have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The powers, preferences and rights of these additional series of preferred stock may be senior to or in parity with our common stock, which may reduce its value. 40 Table of Contents Our certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, associates or stockholders.
The powers, preferences and rights of these additional series of preferred stock may be senior to or in parity with our common stock, which may reduce its value. 40 Table of Conten t s Our certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited exceptions, that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, associates or stockholders.
Moreover, negative press or reports about internationally manufactured products may sway public opinion, and thus customer confidence, away from the products sold in our stores. These and other issues affecting our international vendors or internationally 30 Table of Contents manufactured merchandise could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Moreover, negative press or reports about internationally manufactured products may sway public opinion, and thus customer confidence, away from the products sold in our stores. These and other issues affecting our international vendors or internationally manufactured merchandise could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our laboratories and distribution centers have a finite capacity and, to the extent we grow beyond this capacity, we will need to expand our current laboratories and/or distribution centers or add new laboratories and/or distribution capabilities, the cost of which could be material.
Our laboratories and distribution center have a finite capacity and, to the extent we grow beyond this capacity, we will need to expand our current laboratories and/or distribution center or add new laboratories and/or distribution capabilities, the cost of which could be material.
Our low-price model and competitive pressures in the optical retail industry may inhibit our ability to reflect these increased costs in the price of our products, in which case such increased costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 23 Table of Contents We require significant capital to fund our expanding business.
Our low-price model and competitive pressures in the optical retail industry may inhibit our ability to reflect these increased costs in the price of our products, in which case such increased costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We require significant capital to fund our expanding business.
“Business-Government Regulation.” A material change in our relationship with vision care professionals, whether resulting from constraints in exam capacity, a dispute with an eye care practitioner or a group of eye care practitioners controlling multiple practice locations, a government or regulatory authority challenging our operating structure or our relationship with vision care professionals, or other changes to applicable laws or regulations (or interpretations of the same), or the loss of these relationships, could impair our ability to provide services to our customers, cause our customers to go elsewhere for their optical needs, or result in legal sanctions against us.
“Business-Government Regulation.” A material change in our relationship with vision care professionals, whether resulting from constraints in exam capacity, a dispute with an eye care practitioner or a group of eye care practitioners controlling multiple practice locations, a government or regulatory authority challenging our operating structure or our relationship with vision care professionals, or other changes to applicable laws or regulations (or interpretations of the same), or the loss of 20 Table of Conten t s these relationships, could impair our ability to provide services to our customers, cause our customers to go elsewhere for their optical needs, or result in legal sanctions against us.
If there are amendments to the PCI Standard, the cost of compliance with new requirements could also be substantial and we may suffer loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our operations as a result. 36 Table of Contents Adverse judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings relating to our business operations could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If there are amendments to the PCI Standard, the cost of compliance with new requirements could also be substantial and we may suffer loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our operations as a result. 36 Table of Conten t s Adverse judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings relating to our business operations could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to effectively manage our business and coordinate the sourcing, 31 Table of Contents distribution and sale of our products depends significantly on the reliability and capacity of these systems. We also collect, process and store sensitive and confidential information, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, associates, suppliers and business partners.
Our ability to effectively manage our business and coordinate the sourcing, distribution and sale of our products depends significantly on the reliability and capacity of these systems. We also collect, process and store sensitive and confidential information, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, associates, suppliers and business partners.
In such event, we could be required to incur enhanced compliance costs, or be at risk of cease and desist orders and monetary penalties. 33 Table of Contents Our participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, requires us to comply with laws regarding the way in which we conduct business and submit claims.
In such event, we could be required to incur enhanced compliance costs, or be at risk of cease and desist orders and monetary penalties. 33 Table of Conten t s Our participation in federal healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, requires us to comply with laws regarding the way in which we conduct business and submit claims.
Due to these factors, we experienced wage pressure for our vision care professionals and associates in 2023, which we expect to continue in 2024 and may continue thereafter.
Due to these factors, we experienced wage pressure for our vision care professionals and associates in 2024, which we expect to continue in 2025 and may continue thereafter.
If we are unable to allow real-time and accurate visibility to product availability when customers are ready to purchase, quickly and efficiently fulfill our customers’ orders using the fulfillment and payment methods they demand, provide a convenient and consistent experience for our customers regardless of the ultimate sales channel or effectively manage our online sales, our ability to compete and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
If we are unable to allow real-time and accurate visibility to product availability when customers are ready to purchase, quickly and efficiently fulfill our customers’ orders using the fulfillment and payment methods they demand, provide a convenient and consistent experience for 25 Table of Conten t s our customers regardless of the ultimate sales channel or effectively manage our online sales, our ability to compete and our results of operations could be adversely affected.
To support our expanding business and execute our growth strategy, we need significant amounts of capital, including funds to pay our lease obligations, build out new store spaces, laboratories and distribution centers, implement and operate remote medicine technology and EHR platforms, purchase inventory, pay personnel and further invest in our infrastructure and facilities, including investments in transitioning and updating our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) and other technological systems and capabilities.
To support our expanding business and execute our growth strategy, we need significant amounts of capital, including funds to pay our lease obligations, build out new store spaces, laboratories and distribution centers, implement and operate remote medicine technology and EHR platforms, purchase inventory, pay personnel and further invest in our infrastructure and facilities, including investments in transitioning and updating our ERP and other technological systems and capabilities.
In addition, as our managed care business continues to grow closer to overall industry penetration levels, we expect our associated revenue growth rate to slow over time. 29 Table of Contents We may be unable to establish or maintain satisfactory relationships with managed care and other third-party payors.
In addition, as our managed care business continues to grow closer to overall industry penetration levels, we expect our associated revenue growth rate to slow over time. We may be unable to establish or maintain satisfactory relationships with managed care and other third-party payors.
Any significant returns or warranty claims, as well as the timing of such returns or claims, could result in significant additional costs to us and could adversely affect our results of operations. 35 Table of Contents We rely on our suppliers to control the quality of both eyeglass components and contact lenses.
Any significant returns or warranty claims, as well as the timing of such returns or claims, could result in significant additional costs to us and could adversely affect our results of operations. 35 Table of Conten t s We rely on our suppliers to control the quality of both eyeglass components and contact lenses.
Severe weather conditions and other natural phenomena resulting from changing weather patterns and rising sea levels or other causes, including hurricanes, floods, fires, landslides, extreme temperatures, significant precipitation, and earthquakes, may result in damage to our stores or other facilities and unavailability of our workforce.
Severe weather conditions and other natural phenomena resulting from changing weather patterns and rising sea levels or other causes, including hurricanes, floods, fires, landslides, extreme temperatures, major or extended winter storms, significant precipitation, and earthquakes, may result in damage to our stores or other facilities and unavailability of our workforce.
Technological advances in vision care, including the development of artificial intelligence, remote medicine and other new or improved products, as well as future drug development for the correction of vision-related problems, could significantly change how eye exams may be conducted and make our existing products less attractive or even obsolete.
Technological advances in vision care, including the development of artificial intelligence, remote medicine and other new or improved products, as well as future drug development for the correction of vision-related problems, could significantly change how eye exams may be conducted and make our existing products less attractive or even 26 Table of Conten t s obsolete.
In 2024, we intend to continue to progress our ERP initiatives and to expand the installation of the EHR platform to the remaining America’s Best locations. We cannot guarantee that these projects will be completed on time or within established budgets.
In 2025, we intend to continue to progress both our ERP initiatives and to expand the installation of the EHR platform to the remaining America’s Best locations and our CRM initiatives. We cannot guarantee that these projects will be completed on time or within established budgets.
The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations. Our systems may be subject to damage or interruption from power outages or damages, telecommunications problems, data corruption, software errors, network failures, acts of war or terrorist attacks, fire, flood, ransomware attacks, and natural disasters.
The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations. 31 Table of Conten t s Our systems may be subject to damage or interruption from power outages or damages, telecommunications problems, data corruption, software errors, network failures, acts of war or terrorist attacks, fire, flood, ransomware attacks, and natural disasters.
We would also be subject to the risk of cease and desist orders and monetary penalties. 34 Table of Contents We are subject to rapidly changing and increasingly stringent laws, regulations, contractual obligations, and industry standards relating to privacy, data security and data protection.
We would also be subject to the risk of cease and desist orders and monetary penalties. 34 Table of Conten t s We are subject to rapidly changing and increasingly stringent laws, regulations, contractual obligations, and industry standards relating to privacy, data security and data protection.
We have primarily depended, and expect to continue to primarily depend, on cash flow from operations to fund our business and growth plans. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, we may need to obtain additional equity or debt financing.
We have primarily depended, and expect to continue to primarily depend, on cash flow from operations to fund our business and growth plans. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, we may need to obtain additional equity or debt financing or utilize our revolving credit facility.
If such financing is not available to us, or is not available on satisfactory terms, our ability to operate and expand our business could be curtailed and we may need to delay, limit or eliminate planned store openings or operations or other elements of our growth strategy.
If such financing is not available to us, or is not 23 Table of Conten t s available on satisfactory terms, our ability to operate and expand our business could be curtailed and we may need to delay, limit or eliminate planned store openings or operations or other elements of our growth strategy.
In addition, delays in receiving or the failure to receive reimbursements under our managed care arrangements, significant changes to the economics of a managed care contract or relationship, or the loss of a significant managed care contract or relationship could have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, delays in receiving or the failure to receive reimbursements under our managed care arrangements, significant 29 Table of Conten t s changes to the economics of a managed care contract or relationship, or the loss of a significant managed care contract or relationship could have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, if our e-commerce and omni-channel business successfully grows, it may do so in part by attracting existing customers, rather than new customers, who choose to purchase products from us online rather than from our brick and mortar stores, thereby detracting from the financial performance of our stores. We depend on our distribution centers and optical laboratories.
Furthermore, if our e-commerce and omni-channel business successfully grows, it may do so in part by attracting existing customers, rather than new customers, who choose to purchase products from us online rather than from our brick and mortar stores, thereby detracting from the financial performance of our stores.
Environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues, including those related to climate change, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders have increasingly focused on the ESG practices of companies in recent years.
Sustainability issues, including those related to climate change, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders have increasingly focused on the sustainability practices of companies in recent years.
While we strive to evolve in line with changing consumer shopping habits and new technologies, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected if we are not able to effectively respond to changes in the retail markets at the same rate as our competitors.
While we strive to evolve in line with changing consumer shopping habits and new technologies, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected if we are not able to effectively respond to changes in the retail markets at the same rate as our competitors. Our success depends upon our marketing, advertising and promotional efforts.
These increased demands could strain our resources and cause us to operate our business less effectively, which in turn could cause the performance of our new and existing stores to suffer. As our store base grows, we will need to continually evaluate the adequacy of our laboratory, distribution and information technology capabilities, including those related to our remote medicine offerings.
These increased demands could strain our resources and cause us to operate our business less effectively, which in turn could cause the performance of our new and existing stores to suffer. We need to continually evaluate the adequacy of, and opportunity to upgrade, our laboratory, distribution and information technology capabilities, including those related to remote medicine.
Our vendors may also increase their pricing if their raw materials became more expensive. The raw materials used to manufacture our products are subject to availability constraints and price volatility. Our vendors may pass the increase in sourcing costs to us through price increases, thereby impacting our margins.
Our vendors may also increase their pricing if their raw materials become more expensive or to offset the impact of tariffs. The raw materials used to manufacture our products are subject to availability constraints and price volatility. Our vendors may pass the increase in sourcing costs to us through price increases, thereby impacting our margins.
As we published our third Corporate Responsibility Report in 2023 and continue to develop our corporate responsibility strategy, our ESG practices will be evaluated against stakeholders’ evolving expectations and standards for responsible corporate citizenship.
As we published our fourth Corporate Responsibility Report in 2024 and continue to develop our corporate responsibility strategy, our sustainability practices will be evaluated against stakeholders’ evolving expectations and standards for responsible corporate citizenship.
The termination of the Walmart partnership and related wind down of AC Lens operations could negatively impact other parts of our business, including, without limitation, impairing our ability to attract and retain management, associates and optometrists, to compete for managed vision care contracts, to obtain favorable terms from vendors, or to generate cash to fund our business.
The termination of the Walmart partnership and related wind down of AC Lens operations could continue to have a negative impact on other parts of our business, including, without limitation, impairing our ability to attract and 28 Table of Conten t s retain management, associates and optometrists, to compete for managed vision care contracts, to obtain favorable terms from vendors, or to generate cash to fund our business.
If we are unable to mitigate the full impact of the enacted tariffs or if there is a further escalation of tariffs, costs on a significant portion of our products may increase further and our financial results may be negatively affected.
If we are unable to mitigate the full impact of the enacted tariffs or if there is a further escalation of tariffs, costs on a significant portion of our products may increase further and our financial results may be negatively affected. Material changes in the pricing practices of our suppliers could negatively impact our profitability.
We may seek to replace any lost Host or Legacy locations with new America’s Best or Eyeglass World stores but we may not be able to support the carrying value of the intangible assets at these brands or replace the lost revenues and cash flows.
We may seek to replace any lost Host locations with new America’s Best or Eyeglass World stores but we may not be able to support the carrying value of the intangible assets at these brands or replace the lost revenues and cash flows. At December 28, 2024, the carrying value of intangible assets at our Host brands was $8.2 million.
The leases generally require us to pay insurance, utilities, real estate taxes and common area maintenance expenses, which are highly variable over time.
The leases generally require us to pay insurance, utilities, real estate taxes and common 24 Table of Conten t s area maintenance expenses, which are highly variable over time.
For example, we source merchandise from suppliers located in China and a significant amount of domestically-purchased merchandise is manufactured in China.
For example, we source 30 Table of Conten t s merchandise from suppliers located in China and a significant amount of domestically-purchased merchandise is manufactured in China.
The success of these companies may depend on product development, market acceptance, operational efficiency and other key business factors. If any of these companies fail, we could lose all or part of our investment in that company.
Such investments could include equity or debt instruments in companies that may be non-marketable. The success of these companies may depend on product development, market acceptance, operational efficiency and other key business factors. If any of these companies fail, we could lose all or part of our investment in that company.
We can provide no assurance and make no representation that our risk mitigation efforts, although we believe they are reasonable, will be successful.
We can 18 Table of Conten t s provide no assurance and make no representation that our risk mitigation efforts, although we believe they are reasonable, will be successful.
During fiscal year 2023, 89% of lens expenditures were from this vendor and 92% of contact lens expenditures were with three vendors. We are less exposed to a supplier risk for our eyeglass frames as only 60% of frame expenditures were with two vendors.
During fiscal year 2024, approximately 82% of lens expenditures were from this vendor and approximately 94% of contact lens expenditures were with three vendors. We are less exposed to a supplier risk for our eyeglass frames as only approximately 54% of frame expenditures were with two vendors.
Our failure to implement our growth strategy and to successfully open and operate new stores in the time frames and at the costs estimated by us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our failure to implement our growth strategy and to successfully open and operate new stores in the time frames and at the costs estimated by us, or failure to return to our more recent store opening cadence in the expected time period or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced an increasingly competitive labor market for vision care professionals and increased preferences for adjusted work schedules, resulting in the demand for optometrists exceeding supply in certain areas during fiscal year 2023 and causing constraints in exam capacity.
In recent years, we have experienced an increasingly competitive labor market for vision care professionals and increased preferences for adjusted work schedules, resulting in the demand for optometrists exceeding supply in certain areas during fiscal year 2024 and causing constraints in exam capacity.
Efficient inventory management is a key component of our business success and profitability. To be successful, we must maintain sufficient inventory levels to meet our customers’ demands without allowing those levels to increase to such an extent that the costs to distribution centers, laboratories and stores to hold the goods unduly impacts our financial results.
To be successful, we must maintain sufficient inventory levels to meet our customers’ demands without allowing those levels to increase to such an extent that the costs to distribution centers, laboratories and stores to hold the goods unduly impacts our financial results.
State legislators and regulators may also be reluctant to accept telehealth and remote medicine as an additional way to provide access to quality patient care. Recently, there has been an increase in legislative and rulemaking activity that creates disparity across jurisdictions with respect to how telehealth is regulated and how we are able to implement our remote medicine solution.
State legislators and regulators may also be reluctant to accept telehealth and remote medicine as an additional way to provide access to quality patient care. There is a disparity across jurisdictions with respect to how telehealth is regulated and how we are able to implement our remote medicine solution.
If a significant write down were required, the charge could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and stockholders’ equity, and could impact the trading price of our common stock. We are a low-cost provider and our business model relies on the low cost of inputs.
If a significant write down were required, the charge could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and stockholders’ equity, and could impact the trading price of our common stock.
As of December 30, 2023, we had approximately $448.7 million of aggregate principal amount of indebtedness associated with our first lien term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $146.3 million (the “Term Loan A”) due in 2028, subject to springing maturity, and $302.5 million of 2.50% convertible senior notes due on May 15, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) outstanding (excluding finance lease obligations).
As of December 28, 2024, we had approximately $339.0 million of aggregate principal amount of indebtedness associated with our first lien term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $254.2 million (the “Term Loan A”) due in 2028, subject to springing maturity, and $84.8 million of 2.50% convertible senior notes due on May 15, 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) outstanding (excluding finance lease obligations).
Substantially all of our inventory is shipped directly from suppliers to our two distribution centers in Lawrenceville, Georgia and Columbus, Ohio. Inventory is then processed, sorted and shipped using third-party carriers to our stores, to our laboratories for further processing or to our online customers. We operate laboratory facilities in Lawrenceville, Georgia; St.
Substantially all of our inventory is shipped directly from suppliers to our distribution center in Lawrenceville, Georgia. Inventory is then processed, sorted and shipped using third-party carriers to our stores, to our laboratories for further processing or to our online customers. We operate laboratory facilities in Lawrenceville, Georgia; St. Cloud, Minnesota; Plano, Texas; and Salt Lake City, Utah.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related effects, we experienced an unexpected degree of vision care professional shortages and related exam capacity constraints, which continued over the course of 2023, and may continue into 2024 and beyond, despite increased recruitment and retention efforts including wage investments and other enhanced compensation efforts.
In recent years, we have experienced an increased degree of vision care professional shortages and related exam capacity constraints, which continued over the course of 2024, and may continue into 2025 and beyond, despite increased recruitment and retention efforts including wage investments and other enhanced compensation efforts.
Problems in any of these areas could result in a reduction in sales, increased costs, sanctions or penalties, or damage to our reputation and brands. 27 Table of Contents In addition, we must keep up to date with competitive technology trends, including the use of new or improved technology, creative user interfaces and other e-commerce marketing tools such as paid search and mobile applications, among others, which may increase our costs and which may not increase sales or attract customers.
In addition, we must keep up to date with competitive technology trends, including the use of new or improved technology, creative user interfaces and other e-commerce marketing tools such as paid search and mobile applications, among others, which may increase our costs and which may not increase sales or attract customers.
We are regularly presented with opportunities to invest. We have recently invested in an entity specializing in applying artificial intelligence-powered screening and diagnostic tools to retinal imaging and historically have invested in certain venture-backed emerging companies and technological innovators across the optical retail industry. Such investments could include equity or debt instruments in companies that may be non-marketable.
We are regularly presented with opportunities to invest in technological innovators in the optical retail industry. We have invested in an entity specializing in applying artificial intelligence-powered screening and diagnostic tools to retinal imaging and historically have invested in certain venture-backed emerging companies and technological innovators across the optical retail industry.
As we expand our operations, it may be more difficult to effectively manage our inventory. If we are not successful in managing our inventory balances, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our operating results and inventory levels fluctuate on a seasonal basis. Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuation.
As we expand our operations, it may be more difficult to effectively manage our inventory. If we are not successful in managing our inventory balances, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We depend on our distribution centers and optical laboratories.
We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on our common stock will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.
The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on our common stock will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.
Additionally, changes in federal or state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing stores and other facilities and could also require us to spend more on new stores or facilities without a corresponding increase in revenue.
Additionally, new or additional legal, legislative and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing stores and other facilities and could also require us to spend more on new stores or facilities without a corresponding increase in revenue.
Furthermore, any changes to or repeal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or any other significant changes to the healthcare regulatory landscape may reduce or eliminate coverage or reimbursement rates of insurance-funded eye exams or eyewear.
Furthermore, any changes to or repeal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as 32 Table of Conten t s amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or any other significant changes to the healthcare regulatory landscape, that may be supported by the current presidential and congressional administrations that recently assumed office, may reduce or eliminate coverage or reimbursement rates of insurance-funded eye exams or eyewear.
Any unanticipated decrease in demand for our products during such period could require us to sell excess inventory at a substantial markdown, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any unanticipated decrease in demand for our products during such period could require us to sell excess inventory at a substantial markdown, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Catastrophic events, including changing climate and weather patterns leading to severe weather and natural disasters, may cause significant business interruptions and expenditures.
We leased space for the AC Lens corporate office through February 2024, and the lease related to our Ohio distribution center expires in March 2028. We also lease our Vista Optical locations inside Fred Meyer stores. As a result, we are susceptible to changes in the property rental market and increases in our occupancy costs.
Additionally, we are still obligated under the lease for a distribution center in Ohio that was previously used in our AC Lens business; this lease expires in March 2028. We also lease our Vista Optical locations inside Fred Meyer stores. As a result, we are susceptible to changes in the property rental market and increases in our occupancy costs.
For example, we repurchased $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 2025 Notes in November 2023, and the Company is continuing to evaluate its alternatives in light of the impending maturity date of the 2025 Notes on May 15, 2025, including, repayment, refinancing and further repurchase prior to maturity.
The Company is continuing to evaluate its alternatives in light of the impending maturity date of the 2025 Notes on May 15, 2025, including, repayment, refinancing and further repurchase prior to maturity.
In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our common stock is low. 39 Table of Contents Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock, investors may not receive any return on investment unless they sell their common stock for a price greater than that which they paid for it.
Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock, investors may not receive any return on investment unless they sell their common stock for a price greater than that which they paid for it. We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock.
The conversion of some or all of the 2025 Notes could dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we elect to deliver shares of our common stock upon conversion of any of the 2025 Notes.
The conversion of some or all of the 2025 Notes could dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent deliver shares of our common stock upon conversion of any of the 2025 Notes. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.
These payors represent an increasingly significant portion of our overall revenues and our revenue growth and represented approximately 35% of our overall revenues in fiscal year 2023.
These payors represent an increasingly significant portion of our overall revenues and our revenue growth and represented approximately 40% and 37% of our revenues from continuing operations in fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Additionally, the agreements governing our provision of contact lens distribution and related services to Walmart and Sam’s Club will terminate effective as of June 30, 2024 and the Company will also wind down its remaining AC Lens operations, including the closure of its Ohio distribution center, which largely supported the whole distribution and e-commerce contact lens services that we provided to Walmart and Sam’s Club.
Additionally, the agreements governing our provision of contact lens distribution and related services to Walmart and Sam’s Club terminated during the second quarter of 2024 and the Company has wound down substantially all of its AC Lens operations, including the closure of its Ohio distribution center, which largely supported the wholesale distribution and e-commerce contact lens services that we provided to Walmart and Sam’s Club.
Our substantial lease obligations could have significant negative consequences, including: • requiring that a substantial portion of our available cash be applied to pay our rental obligations, reducing cash available for other purposes and reducing our operating profitability; • increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; • limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to changes in, our business or in the industry in which we compete; and • limiting our ability to obtain additional financing. 25 Table of Contents If we are not able to make the required payments under our leases, landlords with a contractual or statutory security interest in the assets of the relevant stores may, among other things, repossess those assets, which could adversely affect our ability to conduct our operations.
Our substantial lease obligations could have significant negative consequences, including: • requiring that a substantial portion of our available cash be applied to pay our rental obligations, reducing cash available for other purposes and reducing our operating profitability; • increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; • limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to changes in, our business or in the industry in which we compete; and • limiting our ability to obtain additional financing.
We depend in large part on the orderly operation of this receiving and distribution process, which depends, in turn, on adherence to shipping schedules and effective management of our distribution centers.
Additionally, in 2024, we transitioned the contact lens fulfillment and distribution services previously conducted by AC Lens to a third-party vendor. We depend in large part on the orderly operation of this receiving and distribution process, which depends, in turn, on adherence to shipping schedules and effective management of our distribution centers.
The insurance we maintain for business interruption may not cover all risk or be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses or may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, and any insurance proceeds may not be paid to us in a timely manner. 28 Table of Contents We may incur losses arising from our investments in technological innovators in the optical retail industry, including artificial intelligence, which would negatively affect our financial results.
The insurance we maintain for business interruption may not cover all risk or be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses or may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, and any insurance proceeds may not be paid to us in a timely manner.
If we do not adapt to new regulations or meet evolving stakeholder expectations on ESG issues, investors may reconsider their investment in the company and customers may choose to find alternative providers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Sustainability regulations have resulted in, and may continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention spent complying with or meeting such regulations and expectations and if we fail to meet evolving and divergent stakeholder expectations on sustainability issues, investors may reconsider their investment in the company and customers may choose to find alternative providers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In June 2020, the U.S. government granted a temporary exclusion for plastic and metal frames with a retroactive effective date of September 1, 2019, and such exclusion expired in September 2020.
In June 2020, the U.S. government granted a temporary exclusion for plastic and metal frames with a retroactive effective date of September 1, 2019, and such exclusion expired in September 2020. Most recently, in February 2025, the U.S. government imposed an additional 10% tariff on imports from China, on top of existing tariff burdens.
Historically, we derived revenues and operating cash flows from our relationships with our Host and Legacy partners through our operations of 225 Vision Centers in select Walmart stores until February 2024, and as of December 30, 2023, 29 Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores and 54 Vista Optical locations on select military bases.
We derive revenues and operating cash flows from our relationships with our Host partners through our operation of, as of December 28, 2024, 29 Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores and 53 Vista Optical locations on select military bases.
These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of our common stock is low.
A change in interest rates may adversely affect our business. As of December 30, 2023, $146.3 million of term loan borrowings were subject to variable interest rates and we had total borrowings of $448.7 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 3.4%, inclusive of the effects of our interest rate collar.
A change in interest rates may adversely affect our business. As of December 28, 2024, our term loan borrowings of $254.2 million were subject to variable interest rates and we had total borrowings of $339.0 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.5%.
The impairment test requires us to analyze a number of factors, including evaluating the useful life of intangible assets, and make estimates that require judgment.
We review the carrying value of our goodwill and intangibles for impairment annually, or more frequently when impairment indicators exist. The impairment test requires us to analyze a number of factors, including evaluating the useful life of intangible assets, and make estimates that require judgment.
We face risks associated with vendors from whom our products are sourced and are dependent on a limited number of suppliers. We purchase all of our merchandise from domestic and international vendors.
We face risks associated with vendors from whom our products are sourced and are dependent on a limited number of suppliers. We purchase all of our merchandise from domestic and international vendors and, in 2024, we transitioned the contact lens fulfillment and distribution services previously conducted by AC Lens to a third-party vendor.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations The termination of our partnership with Walmart, including the transition period and other wind down activities, will have an impact on our business, revenues, profitability and cash flows, which impact could be material.
The termination of our partnership with Walmart has had, and may continue to have, an impact on our business, revenues, profitability and cash flows, which impact could be material.
Many states require that opticians be licensed to dispense and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses. Failure to have vision care professionals available in or near our stores could adversely affect our ability to win managed vision care contracts.
Failure to have vision care professionals available in or near our stores could adversely affect our ability to win managed vision care contracts.

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity — threats and controls disclosure

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We provide annual security awareness training for corporate and store associates, and we administer periodic phishing testing and training to associates 41 Table of contents who have access to a company email address.
We provide annual security awareness 41 Table of contents training for corporate and store associates, and we administer periodic phishing testing and training to associates who have access to a company email address.
Our VP of Information Technology Infrastructure has served in this role at the Company for over six years, has over 25 years of experience in information technology systems and holds a bachelor of science degree in computer information systems.
Our VP of Information Technology Infrastructure has served in this role at the Company for over seven years, has over 25 years of experience in information technology systems and holds a bachelor of science degree in computer information systems.
The audit committee regularly receives reports from management with respect to risks from cybersecurity threats and quarterly reviews cybersecurity and data security risks and mitigation strategies, along with program assessments, planned improvements and the status of information technology initiatives with the CTO. These risks and mitigation strategies are also periodically reviewed by the entire Board. 42 Table of Contents
The audit committee regularly receives reports from management with respect to risks from cybersecurity threats and quarterly reviews cybersecurity and data security risks and mitigation strategies, along with program assessments, planned improvements and the status of information technology initiatives with the CTO. These risks and mitigation strategies are also periodically reviewed by the entire Board.
When a cybersecurity incident occurs or we identify a vulnerability, we have cross-functional teams that are responsible for leading the initial assessment of priority and severity, and external experts may also be engaged as appropriate. The audit committee of our Board oversees our enterprise risk management process, which includes risks from cybersecurity threats.
When a cybersecurity incident occurs or we identify a vulnerability, we have cross-functional teams that are responsible for leading the initial assessment of priority and severity, and external experts may also be engaged as appropriate. The audit committee of our Board, pursuant to its charter, oversees our enterprise risk management process, which includes risks from cybersecurity threats.
We also conduct third-party HIPAA risk assessments to identify and catalog potential risks to health data. As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. However, as discussed under “Item 1A.
In the last three fiscal years, we have not experienced a material information security breach incident and the expenses we have incurred from information security breach incidents have been immaterial, and we are not aware of any cybersecurity risks that are reasonably likely to materially affect our business, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Added
We also conduct third-party HIPAA risk assessments to identify and catalog potential risks to health data.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

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We occupy our Host locations through master agreements with our Host partners, which contain standard terms and conditions, such as fixed and percentage-based payments. A summary of our stores by location as of December 30, 2023 is shown below. This summary includes the Legacy stores we operated as of December 30, 2023.
We occupy our Host locations through master agreements with our Host partners, which contain standard terms and conditions, such as fixed and percentage-based payments. 42 Table of Contents A summary of our stores by location as of December 28, 2024 is shown below.
State America’s Best Eyeglass World Legacy Other State America’s Best Eyeglass World Legacy Other AK — — 1 7 MT — — 1 — AL 24 1 3 3 NC 23 — 36 2 AR — — — 1 ND — — — — AZ 28 11 9 2 NE 5 1 — 1 CA 76 20 43 4 NH — — 2 — CO 26 7 7 3 NJ 39 — 3 1 CT 10 — 7 — NM — 2 5 3 DE — — — — NV — 4 2 1 FL 96 43 2 2 NY 38 — 13 1 GA 44 4 28 5 OH 41 1 — 1 HI — — 3 — OK — — — — IA 8 1 — — OR 10 — 3 9 ID 7 — — — PA 44 5 13 — IL 57 2 — — RI — — — — IN 18 11 — — SC 19 3 6 1 KS — 2 6 2 SD — — 1 — KY 6 1 — 2 TN 23 4 — — LA 15 — 1 1 TX 123 6 3 5 MA — — 2 — UT 14 5 — 1 MD 24 — 1 1 VA 33 — 16 1 ME — — — — VT — — — — MI 35 12 — — WA 18 1 1 19 MN 14 — — — WI 11 — — — MO 27 1 — 1 WV — — 6 — MS — — — 2 WY 1 — 1 — ___________ Note: ‘Other’ includes Vista Optical in Fred Meyer stores and on military bases.
State America’s Best Eyeglass World Other State America’s Best Eyeglass World Other AK — — 7 MO 27 1 1 AL 25 1 3 MS — — 2 AR — — 1 NC 26 — 2 AZ 31 11 2 NE 6 1 1 CA 94 — 3 NJ 44 — 1 CO 28 7 3 NM — 2 3 CT 10 — — NV — 4 1 FL 101 44 2 NY 36 — 1 GA 50 4 5 OH 46 1 1 IA 7 1 — OR 11 — 9 ID 7 — — PA 50 5 — IL 60 2 — SC 23 2 1 IN 18 11 — TN 28 6 — KS — 2 2 TX 131 6 5 KY 5 1 2 UT 14 5 1 LA 15 — 1 VA 37 — 1 MD 24 — 1 WA 20 1 19 MI 38 4 — WI 10 — — MN 13 — — WY 1 — — ___________ Note: ‘Other’ includes Vista Optical in Fred Meyer stores and on military bases.
There is one Vista Optical location in Puerto Rico. We lease laboratories in Georgia, Texas and Utah and distribution centers in Georgia and Ohio, and we own our laboratory in Minnesota. Our corporate offices are located in leased space in Duluth, Georgia.
There is one Vista Optical location in Puerto Rico. We lease laboratories in Georgia, Texas and Utah and distribution centers in Georgia and Ohio, and we own our laboratory in Minnesota. We operated our distribution center in Ohio through June 2024 and have subsequently subleased the property to a third party.
In addition, we lease office space for our FirstSight corporate office in Upland, California and leased office space for our AC Lens corporate office in Columbus, Ohio through February 2024. 43 Table of Contents
Our corporate offices are located in leased space in Duluth, Georgia. In addition, we lease office space for our FirstSight corporate office in Upland, California.
Removed
As a result of the MSA Termination, we no longer operate the Legacy stores listed below. Refer to Item 1. “Our Business - Overview of Our Brands and Omni-channel & E-commerce Platform” for more information on the MSA Termination.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings — active lawsuits and investigations

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8. of this Form 10-K for information regarding certain legal proceedings in which we are involved, which discussion is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings See Note 13. “Commitments and Contingencies” in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8. of this Form 10-K for information regarding certain legal proceedings in which we are involved, which discussion is incorporated herein by reference. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable.
Information About Our Executive Officers Information about our executive officers is incorporated by reference from Part III—Item 10 of this annual report. 44 Table of Contents PART II
Information About Our Executive Officers Information about our executive officers is incorporated by reference from Part III—Item 10 of this Form 10-K. 43 Table of Contents PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities During the quarter ended December 30, 2023, we did not purchase any of our equity securities that are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. Effective November 8, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50 million aggregate amount of shares of the Company’s common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities During the quarter ended December 28, 2024, we did not purchase any of our equity securities that are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. Effective November 8, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50 million aggregate amount of shares of the Company’s common stock.
The comparisons are based on historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, the future performance of our common stock. 45 Table of Contents Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities None. 46 Table of Contents Item 6. Reserved
The comparisons are based on historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, the future performance of our common stock. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities None. Item 6. Reserved
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “EYE.” Holders As of February 16, 2024, there were approximately 12 holders of record of our common stock.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “EYE.” Holders As of February 14, 2025, there were approximately 13 holders of record of our common stock.
The graph below presents the Company’s cumulative total stockholder returns relative to the performance of the Nasdaq Global Composite Index and the Nasdaq US Benchmark Retail Index commencing December 28, 2018 and through December 29, 2023.
The graph below presents the Company’s cumulative total stockholder returns relative to the performance of the Nasdaq Global Composite Index and the Nasdaq US Benchmark Retail Index commencing December 27, 2019 and through December 27, 2024.
Performance Graph This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
Dividends We have not paid dividends in the past and have no current plans to pay dividends on our common stock. 44 Table of Contents Performance Graph This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
During fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares of its common stock for $25.0 million, 2.7 million shares of its common stock for $80.0 million, and 1.4 million shares of its common stock for $69.9 million, respectively, under the share repurchase program.
During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares of its common stock for $25.0 million and 2.7 million shares of its common stock for $80.0 million, respectively, under the share repurchase program. The Company’s original share repurchase authorization expired on December 30, 2023, and had remaining capacity of $25 million.
The Company’s original share repurchase authorization expired on December 30, 2023, and had remaining capacity of $25 million. Effective February 23, 2024, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50 million aggregate amount of shares of the Company’s common stock until January 3, 2026.
Effective February 23, 2024, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50 million aggregate amount of shares of the Company’s common stock until January 3, 2026.
Removed
Dividends We have not paid dividends in the past and have no current plans to pay dividends on our common stock.

Item 7. Management's Discussion & Analysis

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) — revenue / margin commentary

159 edited+51 added−51 removed68 unchanged
We considered multiple factors including, but not limited to: forecasted scenarios related to store performance and the likelihood that these scenarios would be ultimately realized; and the remaining useful lives of the assets. Asset impairment expenses were recognized in Corporate/Other.
We considered multiple factors including, but not limited to: forecasted scenarios related to store performance and the likelihood that these scenarios would be ultimately realized; and the remaining useful lives of the assets. Asset impairment expenses were recognized in corporate and other.
In the past, we have closed stores as a result of poor store performance, lease expiration or non-renewal and/or the terms of our arrangements with our Host and Legacy partners. Managed Care and Insurance Managed care has become increasingly important to the optical retail industry. An increasing percentage of our customers receive vision care insurance coverage through managed care payors.
In the past, we have closed stores as a result of poor store performance, lease expiration or non-renewal and/or the terms of our arrangements with our Host partners. Managed Care and Insurance Managed care has become increasingly important to the optical retail industry. An increasing percentage of our customers receive vision care insurance coverage through managed care payors.
Some of these limitations are: • they do not reflect costs or cash outlays for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; • they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; • EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Operating Income do not reflect the interest expense (income), net or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt; • EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Operating Income do not reflect period to period changes in taxes, income tax provision or the cash necessary to pay income taxes; 60 Table of Contents • they do not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations; • although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements; and • other companies in our industry may calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.
Some of these limitations are: • they do not reflect costs or cash outlays for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; • they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; • EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Operating Income do not reflect the interest expense (income), net or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt; • EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Operating Income do not reflect period to period changes in taxes, income tax provision or the cash necessary to pay income taxes; • they do not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations; • although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements; and 58 Table of Contents • other companies in our industry may calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.
Depending on our liquidity levels, conditions in the capital markets and other factors, we may from time to time consider the prepayment, refinancing or issuance of debt, issuance of equity or other securities, the proceeds of which could provide additional liquidity for our operations, as well as modifications to our term loan where possible.
Depending on our liquidity levels, conditions in the capital markets and other factors, we may from time to time consider the prepayment, refinancing or issuance of debt, issuance of equity or other securities, the proceeds of which could provide additional liquidity for our operations, as well as modifications to our Term Loan A where possible.
However, our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity may be affected by numerous factors, many of which are outside of our control. We primarily fund our working capital needs using cash provided by operations. Our working capital requirements for inventory will increase as we continue to open additional stores.
Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity may be affected by numerous factors, many of which are outside of our control. We primarily fund our working capital needs using cash provided by operations. Our working capital requirements for inventory will increase as we continue to open additional stores.
The Company considers its revenue from managed care customers to include variable consideration and estimates such amounts associated with managed care customer revenues using the history of concessions provided and cash receipts from managed care providers; a 100 basis point change in our rate of concessions granted would have reduced our revenues in fiscal year 2023 by approximately $2 million.
The Company considers its revenue from managed care customers to include variable consideration and estimates such amounts associated with managed care customer revenues using the history of concessions provided and cash receipts from managed care providers; a 100 basis point change in our rate of concessions granted would have reduced our revenues in fiscal year 2024 by approximately $2 million.
As a result, the predictability of recurring purchase behavior for the future remains uncertain. In addition to the central factors impacting our business outlined above, we have identified the following key drivers, challenges and risks on which we are focused and which are detailed below . Inflation Rising inflation can result in increased costs and greater profitability pressure for us.
As a result, the predictability of recurring purchase behavior for the future remains uncertain. In addition to the central factors impacting our business outlined above, we have identified the following key drivers, challenges and risks on which we are focused and which are detailed below . Inflation Elevated inflation can result in increased costs and greater profitability pressure for us.
We define Adjusted Operating Margin as Adjusted Operating Income as a percentage of net revenue. We define EBITDA as net income, plus interest expense (income), net, income tax provision (benefit) and depreciation and amortization.
We define Adjusted Operating Margin as Adjusted Operating Income as a percentage of net revenue. We define EBITDA as net income (loss), plus interest expense (income), net, income tax provision (benefit) and depreciation and amortization.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income, plus interest expense (income), net, income tax provision (benefit) and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, asset impairment, litigation settlement, secondary offering expenses, management realignment expenses, long-term incentive plan expenses, ERP implementation expenses and certain other expenses.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), plus interest expense (income), net, income tax provision (benefit) and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, asset impairment, litigation settlement, secondary offering expenses, management realignment expenses, long-term incentive plan expenses, ERP and CRM implementation expenses and certain other expenses.
We believe that vision is central to quality of life and that people deserve to see their best to live their best, regardless of their budget. We achieve this by providing eye exams, eyeglasses and contact lenses to value seeking and lower income consumers with an opening price point that strives to be among the lowest in the industry.
We believe that vision is central to quality of life and that people deserve to see their best to live their best, regardless of their budget. We achieve this by providing eye exams, eyeglasses and contact lenses to value-seeking consumers with an opening price point that strives to be among the lowest in the industry.
Interest expense, net Interest expense, net, of $14.3 million for fiscal year 2023 increased $13.9 million, or 3001%, from $0.5 million for fiscal year 2022. The increase was primarily a result of lower derivative income of $15.8 million and higher Term Loan A expense of $5.4 million, partially offset by higher income on cash balances of $6.8 million.
Interest expense, net Interest expense, net, of $14.3 million for fiscal year 2023 increased $13.9 million from $0.5 million for fiscal year 2022. The increase was primarily a result of lower derivative income of $15.8 million and higher Term Loan A expense of $5.4 million, partially offset by higher income on cash balances of $6.8 million.
New Store Openings We expect that new stores will be a key driver of growth in our net revenue and operating profit in the future. Our results of operations have been and will continue to be materially affected by the timing and number of new store openings. As stores mature, profitability typically increases significantly.
New Store Openings We expect that new stores will continue to b e a key driver of growth in our net revenue and operating profit in the future. Our results of operations have been and will continue to be materially affected by the timing and number of new store openings. As stores mature, profitability typically increases significantly.
A 100 basis point change in our estimate of value delivered to customers compared to expected customer usage of benefits would have affected revenues in fiscal year 2023 by approximately $2 million; this amount would have been recognized at different times over the contract period.
A 100 basis point change in our estimate of value delivered to customers compared to expected customer usage of benefits would have affected revenues in fiscal year 2024 by approximately $2 million; this amount would have been recognized at different times over the contract period.
Many factors affect comparable store sales, including: • consumer confidence, preferences and buying trends and overall economic trends including inflation and the amount and timing of tax refunds; 49 Table of Contents • the availability of optometrists and other vision care professionals; • advertising strategies; • participation in managed care programs; • the recurring nature of eye care purchases; • our ability to identify and respond effectively to customer preferences and trends; • our ability to provide an assortment of high quality/low-cost product offerings that generate new and repeat visits to our stores; • foot traffic in retail shopping centers where our stores are predominantly located; • the customer experience we provide in our stores; • our ability to source and receive products accurately and timely; • changes in product pricing, including promotional activities; • the number of items purchased per store visit; • the number of stores that have been in operation for more than 12 months; • impact of competition and consolidation in the U.S. optical retail industry; • impact and timing of weather-related store closures; and • public health emergencies, like COVID-19, which may exacerbate the effects and relevant risk exposures listed above.
Many factors affect comparable store sales, including: • consumer confidence, preferences and buying trends and overall economic trends including inflation and the amount and timing of tax refunds; • the availability of optometrists and other vision care professionals; • advertising strategies; • participation in managed care programs; • the recurring nature of eye care purchases; • our ability to identify and respond effectively to customer preferences and trends; • our ability to provide an assortment of high quality/low-cost product offerings that generate new and repeat visits to our stores; • foot traffic in retail shopping centers where our stores are predominantly located; • the customer experience we provide in our stores; • our ability to source and receive products accurately and timely; • changes in product pricing, including promotional activities; • the number of items purchased per store visit; • the number of stores that have been in operation for more than 12 months; • impact of competition and consolidation in the U.S. optical retail industry; • impact and timing of weather-related store closures; and • public health emergencies which may exacerbate the effects and relevant risk exposures listed above.
(g) The adjustments for the derivative fair value (gains) and losses have the effect of adjusting the (gain) or loss for changes in the fair value of derivative instruments and amortization of AOCL for derivatives not designated as accounting hedges. This results in reflecting derivative (gains) and losses within Adjusted Diluted EPS during the period the derivative is settled.
(f) The adjustments for the derivative fair value (gains) and losses have the effect of adjusting the (gain) or loss for changes in the fair value of derivative instruments and amortization of AOCL for derivatives not designated as accounting hedges. This results in reflecting derivative (gains) and losses within Adjusted Diluted EPS during the period the derivative is settled.
We allocate each lease payment between a reduction of the lease obligation and interest expense using the effective interest method. Finance lease amounts above represent required contractual cash payments in the periods presented. Refer to Note 9. “Leases” for our current and long-term lease payment obligations.
We allocate each lease payment between a reduction of the lease obligation and interest expense using the effective interest method. Finance lease amounts above represent required contractual cash payments in the periods presented. Refer to Note 10. “Leases” for our current and long-term lease payment obligations.
How We Assess the Performance of Our Business We consider a variety of financial and operating measures in assessing the performance of our business. The key measures we use to determine how our consolidated business and operating segments are performing are net revenue, costs applicable to revenue, and selling, general, and administrative expenses, which are described further in Note 1.
How We Assess the Performance of Our Business We consider a variety of financial and operating measures in assessing the performance of our business. The key measures we use to determine how our consolidated business and operating segments are performing are net revenue, costs applicable to revenue, and selling, general, and administrative expenses, which are described further in Note 16.
While pressures from increases to the price of our raw materials have had an impact on our costs applicable to revenue in fiscal year 2023, we have been able to offset these pressures with efficiencies in our laboratory network, pricing actions and lower freight costs.
While pressures from increases to the price of our raw materials have had an impact on our costs applicable to revenue in fiscal year 2024, we have been able to offset these pressures with efficiencies in our laboratory network, pricing actions and lower freight costs.
We anticipate that pressures from increases to our raw materials prices could have an impact on our costs applicable to revenue in fiscal year 2024. Such an inflationary environment and labor market challenges can also result in wage pressures in certain markets.
We anticipate that pressures from increases to our raw materials prices could have an impact on our costs applicable to revenue in fiscal year 2025. Such an inflationary environment and labor market challenges can also result in wage pressures in certain markets.
Approximately 80% to 85% of our capital spend is related to our expected growth (i.e., new stores, remote medicine infrastructure, EHR, optometric equipment, additional capacity in our optical laboratories and distribution centers, and our IT infrastructure, including ERP and omni-channel platform related investments).
Approximately 80% to 85% of our capital spend is related to our expected growth (i.e., new stores, remote medicine infrastructure, EHR, optometric equipment, additional capacity in our optical laboratories and distribution centers, and our IT infrastructure and omni-channel platform related investments).
The authorization permits the Company to make purchases of its common stock from time to time in the open market or privately negotiated 64 Table of Contents transactions, and pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of all applicable securities laws and regulations.
The 62 Table of Contents authorization permits the Company to make purchases of its common stock from time to time in the open market or privately negotiated transactions, and pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of all applicable securities laws and regulations.
See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for definitions of the Company Non-GAAP Measures and for additional information. 52 Table of Contents Results of Operations The following table summarizes key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated, both in dollars and as a percentage of our net revenue.
See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for definitions of the Company Non-GAAP Measures and for additional information. 51 Table of Contents Results of Operations The following table summarizes key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated, both in dollars and as a percentage of our net revenue.
Other expense (income), net Other expense (income), net was $(0.2) million for fiscal year 2023 compared to $(2.6) million for fiscal year 2022.
Other expense (income), net Other expense (income), net was $(0.1) million for fiscal year 2023 compared to $(2.6) million for fiscal year 2022.
Unearned revenue at the end of a reporting period is estimated based on processing and delivery times throughout the current month and generally ranges from approximately seven to 10 days. All unearned revenue at the end of a reporting period is recognized in the next fiscal period.
Unearned revenue at the end of a reporting period is estimated based on processing and delivery times throughout the current month and generally ranges from approximately seven to ten days. All unearned revenue at the end of a reporting period is recognized in the next fiscal period.
We believe that cash on hand, cash expected to be generated from operations and the availability of borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, liquidity obligations, anticipated capital expenditures and payments due under our existing debt for the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.
We believe that cash on hand, cash expected to be generated from 60 Table of Contents operations and the availability of borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, liquidity obligations, anticipated capital expenditures and payments due under our existing debt for the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.
(2) Refer to Note 5. Long-term Debt for the interest rates used on the term loan and revolving credit facility. The 2025 Notes pay interest semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2020, at an annual rate of 2.50%.
(2) Refer to Note 6. Debt for the interest rates used on the term loan and revolving credit facility. The 2025 Notes pay interest semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, commencing on November 15, 2020, at an annual rate of 2.50%.
We follow U.S. GAAP in making the determination as to whether to record an asset or liability related to our arrangements with third parties. Consistent with current accounting guidance, we do not record an asset or liability associated with long-term purchase, marketing and promotional commitments, or commitments to philanthropic endeavors.
GAAP in making the determination as to whether to record an asset or liability related to our arrangements with third parties. Consistent with current accounting guidance, we do not record an asset or liability associated with long-term purchase, marketing and promotional commitments, or commitments to philanthropic endeavors.
Selling, General and Administrative 51 Table of Contents SG&A generally fluctuates consistently with revenue due to the variable store, field office and corporate support costs; however, some fixed costs slightly improve as a percentage of net revenue as our net revenues grow over time.
Selling, General and Administrative SG&A generally fluctuates consistently with revenue due to the variable store, field office and corporate support costs; however, some fixed costs slightly improve as a percentage of net revenue as our net revenues grow over time.
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities Net cash used for financing activities increased $52.3 million, from $84.6 million use of cash during fiscal year 2022 to $136.8 million use of cash during fiscal year 2023.
Net cash used for financing activities increased $52.3 million, from $84.6 million use of cash during fiscal year 2022 to $136.8 million use of cash during fiscal year 2023.
Impairment of P&E and ROU assets 66 Table of Contents In evaluating store-level property and equipment and ROU assets for recoverability and impairment, we may consider multiple factors including financial performance of the stores, regional and local business climates, future plans for the store operations and other qualitative factors.
Impairment of P&E and ROU assets In evaluating store-level property and equipment and ROU assets for recoverability and impairment, we may consider multiple factors including financial performance of the stores, regional and local business climates, future plans for the store operations and other qualitative factors.
GAAP to be added back for diluted earnings per share, derivative fair value adjustments, ERP implementation expenses, certain other expenses, and tax expense (benefit) from stock-based compensation, less the tax effect of these adjustments.
GAAP to be added back for diluted earnings (loss) per share, derivative fair value adjustments, ERP and CRM implementation expenses, certain other expenses, less the tax effect of these adjustments including tax expense (benefit) from stock-based compensation.
The first half seasonality is attributable primarily to the timing of our customers’ income tax refunds and annual health insurance program start/reset periods. We believe that many customers in our target market are value seeking and lower income consumers who rely on tax refunds to pay for eyewear and eye care.
The first half seasonality is attributable primarily to the timing of our customers’ income tax refunds and annual health insurance program start/reset periods. We believe that many customers in our target market of value-seeking consumers may rely on tax refunds to pay for eyewear and eye care.
In America’s Best stores, vision care services are provided by optometrists employed by us or by independent professional corporations or similar entities. America’s Best stores are primarily located in high-traffic strip centers next to value-focused retailers.
In America’s Best stores, vision care services are provided by optometrists employed by u s or by independent professional corporations or similar entities. America’s Best stores are primarily located in high-traffic strip centers next to value-focused retailers.
We have made and continue to make significant investments in information technology systems, including those to support our point-of-sale system, ERP, supply chain systems, marketing, and personnel, as well as experienced industry executives, and management and merchandising teams to support our long-term growth objectives.
We have made and continue to make significant investments in information technology systems, including those to support our point-of-sale system, ERP, CRM, e-commerce platforms, supply chain systems, marketing, and personnel, as well as experienced industry executives, and management and merchandising teams to support our long-term growth objectives.
“Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8. of this Form 10-K. In addition, we also review store growth, Adjusted Comparable Store Sales Growth, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Adjusted Diluted EPS.
“Segment Reporting” and Note 1. “Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8. of this Form 10-K. In addition, we also review store growth, Adjusted Comparable Store Sales Growth, Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin and Adjusted Diluted EPS.
We record an impairment charge as the excess of carrying value over estimated fair value. The fair value of the Eyeglass World trade name asset exceeded its carrying value by approximately 10%; changes to the growth assumptions or future strategy for this brand may negatively affect the fair value of this asset.
We record an impairment charge as the excess of carrying value over estimated fair value. The fair value of the Eyeglass World trade name asset approximately equals its carrying value; changes to the growth assumptions or future strategy for this brand may negatively affect the fair value of this asset.
As our participation in managed care programs continues to expand, we have incurred and expect to incur additional costs related to this area of our business.
As 48 Table of Contents our participation in managed care programs continues to expand, we have incurred and expect to incur additional costs related to this area of our business.
The most significant components of our operating assets and liabilities are inventories, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, deferred and unearned revenue and other payables and accrued 62 Table of Contents expenses.
The most significant components of our operating assets and liabilities are inventories, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, deferred and unearned revenue and other payables and accrued expenses.
A one-day increase in our estimate of the average days needed to process delivery would have affected revenues in fiscal year 2023 b y approximately $5 million, which would ultimately have been recorded in the next fiscal year.
A one-day increase in our estimate of the average days needed to process delivery would have affected revenues in fiscal year 2024 b y approximately $4 million, which would ultimately have been recorded in the next fiscal year.
Owned & Host segment costs of products. Costs of products as a percentage of net product sales decreased from 28.9% for fiscal year 2022 to 28.7% for fiscal year 2023 primarily driven by increased eyeglass mix and higher eyeglass margin. Legacy segment costs of products.
Costs of products as a percentage of net product sales decreased from 28.9% for fiscal year 2022 to 28.7% for fiscal year 2023 primarily driven by increased eyeglass mix and higher eyeglass margin.
Owned & Host segment SG&A. SG&A as a percentage of net revenue decreased from 38.9% for fiscal year 2022 to 38.7% for fiscal year 2023 driven primarily by lower advertising expense, partially offset by higher payroll. Legacy segment SG&A.
SG&A as a percentage of net revenue decreased from 38.9% for fiscal year 2022 to 38.7% for fiscal year 2023 driven primarily by lower advertising expense, partially offset by higher payroll.
As of fiscal year end 2023, we had $149.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $293.6 million of availability under our revolving credit facility, which includes $6.4 million in outstanding letters of credit.
As of fiscal year end 2024, we had $73.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $293.6 million of availability under our revolving credit facility, which includes $6.4 million in outstanding letters of credit.
Brand-level comparable store sales growth is calculated based on cash basis revenues consistent with what the CODM reviews, and consistent with reportable segment revenues presented in Note 15. “Segment Reporting” in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II.
Brand-level comparable store sales growth is calculated based on cash basis revenues consistent with what the CODM reviews, and consistent with reportable segment revenues presented in Note 16. “Segment Reporting” in our consolidated financial statements.
While we are seeking to reduce costs and replace lost business with new America’s Best or Eyeglass World stores and by other means, including non-headline pricing actions, we may not be successful in our efforts, which could impact our revenues and profitability.
While we are 49 Table of Contents seeking to reduce costs and replace lost business with new America’s Best or Eyeglass World stores and by other means, including pricing actions, we may not be successful in our efforts, which could impact our revenues and profitability.
The performance of new stores is dependent upon factors such as the time of year of a particular opening, the amount of store pre-opening costs, labor and occupancy costs in the specified market, level of participation in managed care plans, and location, including whether they are in new or existing markets.
The performance of new stores is dependent upon factors such as the availability of optometrists, implementation and operation of remote medicine technology, the time of year of a particular opening, the amount of store pre-opening costs, labor and occupancy costs in the specified market, level of participation in managed care plans, and location, including whether they are in new or existing markets.
Corporate overhead expenses also include field services for our five retail brands.
Corporate overhead expenses also include field services for our four retail brands.
In addition, we recorded impairment charges of $2.8 million related to tangible long-lived assets and ROU assets associated with our Owned & Host segment for fiscal year 2023, which were driven by lower than projected customer sales volume in certain stores, and other entity-specific assumptions.
Asset impairment We recorded impairment charges of $2.7 million for fiscal year 2023 compared to $5.5 million recognized in fiscal year 2022, related to tangible long-lived assets and ROU assets associated with our Owned & Host segment, which were driven by lower than projected customer sales volume in certain stores, and other entity-specific assumptions.
For fiscal years 2023 and 2022, approximately 24% and 23% of our revenue was recorded in the fourth quarter, but approximately 25% and 26% of annual SG&A costs were recorded in the respective fourth quarters of these fiscal years.
For both fiscal years 2024 and 2023, approximately 24% of our revenue was recorded in the fourth quarter, but approximately 25% of annual SG&A costs were recorded in the respective fourth quarters of these fiscal years.
During fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares of its common stock for $25.0 million, 2.7 million shares of its common stock for $80.0 million, and 1.4 million shares of its common stock for $69.9 million, respectively, under the share repurchase program.
During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares of its common stock for $25 million and 2.7 million shares of its common stock for $80 million, respectively, under the share repurchase program.
Walmart partnership termination The termination of the Walmart partnership and related wind down of AC Lens operations will impact our revenues and profitability. Effective as of February 23, 2024, the Company has completed the transition of 229 Walmart Vision Center stores.
Termination of our Walmart partnership and wind down of AC Lens operations Effective as of February 23, 2024, the Company has completed the transition of 229 Walmart Vision Center stores.
We define Adjusted Diluted EPS as diluted earnings per share, adjusted for the per share impact of stock-based compensation expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, asset impairment, litigation settlement, secondary offering expenses, management realignment expenses, long-term incentive plan expenses, amortization of acquisition intangibles, amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs of our term loan borrowings, amortization of the conversion feature and deferred financing costs related to our 2025 N otes when not required under U.S.
We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue. 57 Table of Contents We define Adjusted Diluted EPS as diluted earnings (loss) per share, adjusted for the per share impact of stock-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, asset impairment, litigation settlement, secondary offering expenses, management realignment expenses, long-term incentive plan expenses, amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs of our term loan borrowings, amortization of the conversion feature and deferred financing costs related to our 2025 N otes when not required under U.S.
These judgments are based on historical experience, trends in the industry, information provided by customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. More information on all of our significant accounting policies can be found in Note 1. “Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II.
These judgments are based on historical experience, trends in the industry, information provided by customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. More information on all of our significant accounting policies can be found in Note 1.
Wage investments as a result of inflation and an increasingly competitive recruiting market for vision care professionals due to the pandemic and related effects have had, and may continue to have, an impact on our profitability.
Wage investments as a result of inflation and an increasingly competitive recruiting market for vision care professionals that became more acute during the COVID -19 pandemic and related effects have had, and may continue to have, an impact on our profitability.
We adjust for amortization of deferred financing costs related to the 2025 Notes only when adjustment for these costs is not required in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under U.S. GAAP.
(e) Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash charges related to our debt. We adjust for amortization of deferred financing costs related to the 2025 Notes only when adjustment for these costs is not required in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under U.S. GAAP.
These expenses are generally variable, not included above, and were approximately $36.4 million during fiscal year ended 2023. Refer to Note 9. “Leases” for our current and long-term lease payment obligations.
These expenses are generally variable, not included above, and were approximately $37.7 million during fiscal year ended 2024. Refer to Note 10. “Leases” for our current and long-term lease payment obligations.
Long-term Debt The following table sets forth the amounts owed under our term loan and the 2025 Notes and the interest rate on such outstanding amounts, and the amount available for additional borrowing thereunder, as of the end of fiscal year 2023: In thousands Interest Rate (2) Amount Outstanding Amount Available for Additional Borrowing 2025 Notes, due May 15, 2025 Fixed $ 302,497 $ — Term Loan A, due June 13, 2028 Variable 146,250 — Revolving Loans, due June 13, 2028 (1) Variable — 293,619 Total $ 448,747 $ 293,619 ____________ (1) At December 30, 2023, the amount available under our revolving credit facility reflected a reduction of $6.4 million of letters of credit outstanding.
Debt The following table sets forth the amounts owed under our term loan and the 2025 Notes and the interest rate on such outstanding amounts, and the amount available for additional borrowing thereunder, as of the end of fiscal year 2024: In thousands Interest Rate (2) Amount Outstanding Amount Available for Additional Borrowing 2025 Notes, due May 15, 2025 Fixed $ 84,774 $ — Term Loan A, due June 13, 2028 Variable 254,188 — Revolving Loans, due June 13, 2028 (1) Variable — 293,619 Total $ 338,962 $ 293,619 ____________ (1) At December 28, 2024, the amount available under our revolving credit facility reflected a reduction of $6.4 million of letters of credit outstanding.
Wage investment pressure and increases to costs applicable to revenue from increases in raw materials prices may not be able to be fully offset by leverage from revenue growth, productivity efficiency and, as appropriate, various pricing actions.
We anticipate that wage pressures in certain markets will continue in 2025. Wage investment pressure and increases to costs applicable to revenue from increases in raw materials prices may not be able to be fully offset by leverage from revenue growth, productivity efficiency and, as appropriate, various pricing actions.
Item 8. of this Form 10-K, as well as in certain other notes to the consolidated financial statements as indicated below. Revenue Recognition At our America’s Best brand, our signature offer is two pairs of eyeglasses and a free eye exam for one low price.
“Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements, as well as in certain other notes to the consolidated financial statements as indicated below. Revenue Recognition At our America’s Best brand, our signature offer is two pairs of eyeglasses and a free eye exam for one low price.
This increase as a percentage of net revenue was primarily driven by higher growth in optometrist-related costs of 150 basis points and by 60 basis points due to reduction in components of service revenue, including product protection plan revenue, and other mix and margin effects.
This increase as a percentage of net revenue was primarily driven by higher growth in optometrist-related costs of 160 basis points and by 60 basis points due to reduction in components of service revenue, including product protection plan revenue, and other mix and margin effects. These costs were partially offset by a 100-basis point effect from higher exam revenue.
Capital Expenditures In thousands Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2022 Fiscal Year 2021 New stores (owned brands) $ 51,938 $ 49,761 $ 40,058 Laboratories, distribution centers and optometric equipment 26,030 30,073 20,900 Information technology and other 36,806 33,713 34,557 Total $ 114,774 $ 113,547 $ 95,515 We expect capital expenditures in fiscal year 2024 to be approximately between $110 million and $115 million and to be used primarily in supporting the Company’s growth through investments in new and existing stores, remote medicine, EHR, optical laboratories, and IT infrastructure, including ERP.
Capital Expenditures In thousands Fiscal Year 2024 Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2022 New stores (owned brands) $ 44,347 $ 51,938 $ 49,761 Laboratories, distribution centers and optometric equipment 7,981 26,030 30,073 Information technology and other 43,177 36,806 33,713 Total $ 95,505 $ 114,774 $ 113,547 We expect capital expenditures in fiscal year 2025 to be approximately between $90 million and $95 million and to be used primarily in supporting the Company’s growth through investments in new and existing stores, remote medicine, EHR, optical laboratories, and IT infrastructure.
Costs of services and plans as a percentage of net sales of services and plans increased from 81.0% for fiscal year 2022 to 88.0% for fiscal year 2023. The increase was primarily driven by higher growth in optometrist-related costs, lower product protection plan revenues and lower management fees from our Legacy partner, partially offset by higher eye exam revenue.
Costs of services and plans as a percentage of net sales of services and plans increased from 87.3% for fiscal year 2022 to 93.2% for fiscal year 2023. The increase was primarily driven by higher growth in optometrist-related costs and lower product protection plans revenues, partially offset by higher eye exam revenue.
While there are ranges of customer behaviors based on demographics and other factors, it is estimated that optical consumers typically replace their eyeglasses every two to three years and their contact lenses every six to 12 months, reflecting the predictability of these recurring purchase behaviors; however, the effects of the current macroeconomic environment and geopolitical uncertainty, as well as the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in reduced customer demand in 2023 and have caused shifts in consumer behaviors and preferences, which impact the demand for our products.
While there are ranges of customer behaviors based on demographics and other factors, we estimate that our customers typically replace their eyeglasses every two to three years and their contact lenses every six to 12 months, reflecting the predictability of these recurring purchase behaviors; however, the effects of the current macroeconomic environment and geopolitical uncertainty, resulted in reduced customer demand in 2024 and have 47 Table of Contents caused shifts in consumer behaviors and preferences, which impact the demand for our products.
While the remote medicine and EHR platforms have increased exam capacity, revenue and profitability, we have experienced higher costs applicable to revenue as a percentage of revenue, when compared with in-store exams. Our ability to continue to attract and retain qualified vision care professionals may affect exam capacity.
While the remote medicine and EHR platforms have increased exam capacity, revenue and profitability, we have experienced higher costs applicable to revenue as a percentage of revenue, when compared with in-store exams.
We reach our customers through a diverse portfolio of 1,413 retail stores across five brands and 13 consumer websites as of fiscal year end 2023.
We reach our customers through a diverse portfolio of 1,240 retail stores across four brands and multiple consumer websites as of fiscal year end 2024.
Net revenue reconciliations. The impact of reconciliations negatively impacted net revenue by $0.2 million during fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022. Net revenue was positively impacted by $5.0 million due to the timing of unearned revenue.
Unearned and deferred revenue negatively impacted net revenue by $0.8 million during fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022. Net revenue was positively impacted by $4.4 million due to the timing of unearned revenue.
The increase was primarily due to investments in our labs and distribution centers, and store remodeling costs, partially offset by decreased investments in remote medicine. We purchased $114.8 million in capital items during fiscal year 2023.
Net cash used for investing activities increased by $4.9 million, to $115.8 million, during fiscal year 2023 from $110.9 million during fiscal year 2022. The increase was primarily due to investments in our labs and distribution centers, and store remodeling costs, partially offset by decreased investments in remote medicine. We purchased $114.8 million in capital items during fiscal year 2023.
Net product sales increased $95.8 million, or 5.8% during fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to a $71.8 million, or 6.4%, increase in eyeglass sales, a $16.1 million, or 4.2%, increase in contact lens sales and a $6.6 million, or 4.7%, increase in wholesale fulfillment.
Net product sales increased $82.9 million, or 6.2% during fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022, primarily due to a $68.8 million, or 6.6%, increase in eyeglass sales and a $12.6 million, or 4.4%, increase in contact lens sales.
The increase in SG&A as a percentage of net revenue was primarily driven by higher performance-based incentive compensation of 70 basis points, higher payroll of 50 basis points, as well as 50 basis points of other expenses, such as stock-based compensation and expenses related to the termination of the Walmart partnership, partially offset by lower advertising expense of 50 basis points and other operating expenses of 20 basis points.
The increase in SG&A as a percentage of net revenue was primarily driven by higher performance-based incentive compensation of 80 basis points, higher payroll of 50 basis points, as well as 20 basis points of other expenses, such as stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by lower advertising expense of 60 basis points. 56 Table of Contents Owned & Host segment SG&A.
Costs of services and plans as a percentage of net sales of services and plans increased from 75.2% for fiscal year 2021 to 81.0% for fiscal year 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher growth in optometrist-related costs, which were partially offset by higher eye exam revenue. Owned & Host segment costs of services and plans.
Costs of services and plans as a percentage of net sales of services and plans decreased from 93.2% for fiscal year 2023 to 91.9% for fiscal year 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by higher eye exam revenue, partially offset by growth in optometrist-related costs. Owned & Host segment costs of services and plans.
Adjusted Comparable Store Sales Growth is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we believe is useful because it provides timely and accurate information relating to the two core metrics of retail sales: number of transactions and value of transactions.
As a result, our adjusted comparable store sales may not be comparable to similar data made available by other retailers. 50 Table of Contents Adjusted Comparable Store Sales Growth is a non-GAAP financial measure, which we believe is useful because it provides timely and accurate information relating to the two core metrics of retail sales: number of transactions and value of transactions.
Some of the percentage totals in the table above do not foot due to rounding differences. 61 Table of Contents In thousands, except per share amounts Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2022 Fiscal Year 2021 Diluted EPS $ (0.84) $ 0.52 $ 1.43 Stock-based compensation expense (a) 0.26 0.17 0.15 Loss on extinguishment of debt (b) 0.01 — — Asset impairment (c) 1.05 0.07 0.05 Litigation settlement (d) — — 0.02 Amortization of acquisition intangibles (e) 0.07 0.09 0.08 Amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs (f) 0.04 0.04 0.02 Derivative fair value adjustments (g) 0.12 (0.20) (0.03) ERP implementation expenses (h) 0.01 — — Other (l) 0.14 (0.00) (0.01) Tax expense (benefit) from stock-based compensation (j) 0.02 (0.00) (0.15) Tax effect of total adjustments (k) (0.23) (0.04) (0.08) Adjusted Diluted EPS $ 0.64 $ 0.65 $ 1.48 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 78,313 80,298 96,134 Note: Some of the totals in the table above do not foot due to rounding differences. ____________ (a) Non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation programs, which vary from period to period depending on the timing of awards and performance vesting conditions.
Some of the percentage totals in the table above do not foot due to rounding differences. 59 Table of Contents In thousands, except per share amounts Fiscal Year 2024 Fiscal Year 2023 Fiscal Year 2022 Diluted EPS $ (0.36) $ (0.84) $ 0.52 Diluted EPS from discontinued operations (0.02) (0.88) 0.07 Diluted EPS from continuing operations (0.35) 0.05 0.46 Stock-based compensation expense (a) 0.21 0.24 0.16 (Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt (b) (0.01) 0.01 — Asset impairment (c) 0.51 0.03 0.07 Litigation settlement (d) 0.06 — — Amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs (e) 0.03 0.04 0.04 Derivative fair value adjustments (f) 0.08 0.12 (0.20) ERP and CRM implementation expenses (g) 0.08 0.01 — Other (h) 0.11 0.09 0.01 Tax effects (i) (0.19) (0.12) (0.02) Adjusted Diluted EPS from continuing operations $ 0.52 $ 0.47 $ 0.52 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding 78,592 78,596 80,298 Note: Some of the totals in the table above may not foot due to rounding differences. ____________ (a) Non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation programs, which vary from period to period depending on the timing of awards and performance vesting conditions.
Decreases in accounts receivable balances contributed $17.0 million in year-over-year cash primarily due to payments of deferred social security taxes in fiscal year 2022 pursuant to the CARES Act that did not recur in fiscal year 2023, and a decrease in managed care receivables due to timing.
Decreases in accounts receivable balances contributed $17.0 million in year-over-year cash primarily due to payments of deferred social security taxes in fiscal year 2022 pursuant to the CARES Act that did not recur in fiscal year 2023, and a decrease in managed care receivables due to timing. 61 Table of Contents Net Cash Used for Investing Activities Net cash used for investing activities decreased by $19.7 million, to $96.1 million, during fiscal year 2024 from $115.8 million during fiscal year 2023.
O ur Host brands consisted of 54 Vista O ptical locations on select military bases a nd 29 Vista O ptical locations within select Fred Meyer stores as of fiscal year end 2023. We have strong, long-standing relationships with our Host partners and have maintained each partners hip for over 20 years.
Our Host brands consisted of 53 Vista Optical locations on select military bases and 29 Vista Optical locations within select Fred Meyer stores as of fiscal year end 2024. We have strong, long-standing relationships with our Host partners and have maintained each partners hip for over 20 years. These brands provide eye exams primarily by independent optometrists.
Selling, general and administrative SG&A of $991.9 million for fiscal year 2023 increased $76.5 million, or 8.4%, from fiscal year 2022. As a percentage of net revenue, SG&A increased from 45.6% for fiscal year 2022 to 46.6% for fiscal year 2023.
Selling, general and administrative SG&A of $904.8 million for fiscal year 2023 increased $72.1 million, or 8.7%, from fiscal year 2022. As a percentage of net revenue, SG&A increased from 50.6% for fiscal year 2022 to 51.5% for fiscal year 2023.
(i) Other adjustments include amounts that management believes are not representative of our operating performance (amounts in brackets represent reductions in Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Diluted EPS and Adjusted EBITDA), which are primarily related to the termination of the Walmart partnership of $7.0 million for fiscal year 2023, costs associated with the digitization of paper-based records of $2.2 million for fiscal year 2023, excess payroll taxes on vesting of restricted stock units and exercises of stock options, executive severance and relocation and other expenses and adjustments, including our share of (gains) losses on equity method investments of $(2.7) million and $(2.4) million for fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively, and losses on other investments of $0.3 million for fiscal year 2022.
(h) Other adjustments include amounts that management believes are not representative of our operating performance (amounts in brackets represent reductions in Adjusted Operating Income, Adjusted Diluted EPS and Adjusted EBITDA), which are primarily related to costs associated with the digitization of paper-based records of $5.8 million and $2.2 million for fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively, costs related to an early lease termination of $0.7 million for fiscal year 2024 and our share of (gains) losses on equity method investment of $(2.7) million for fiscal year 2022, other expenses and adjustments.
As of December 30, 2023, our total inventory balance was $119.9 million. A 10% increase in the obsolescence and shrinkage reserves will not have a material impact on our financial position. See Note 1. “Business and Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
As of December 28, 2024, our total inventory balance was $93.9 million. A 10% increase in the obsolescence and shrinkage reserves will not have a material impact on our financial position. See Note 1. “Business and Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements For information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 1.
On February 23, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $100 million increase to the share repurchase authorization, for a total authorization of $200 million.
On February 23, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $100 million increase to the share repurchase authorization, for a total authorization of $200 million. The Company’s original share repurchase authorization expired on December 30, 2023, and had remaining capacity of $25 million.
The store asset impairment charge is primarily related to our Owned & Host segment and is driven by lower than projected customer sales volume in certain stores and other entity-specific assumptions.
The store asset impairment charge is related to our Owned & Host segment and is driven by lower than projected customer sales volume in certain stores, and other entity-specific assumptions and also reflects the effects of certain store closure decisions made as part of the Company’s store optimization review in the current period.
New Store Openings The total number of new stores per year and the timing of store openings has, and will continue to have, an impact on our results. We opened 70 stores during fiscal year 2023. We will continue to monitor and determine our plans for future new store openings based on health, safety and economic conditions.
New Store Openings The total number of new stores per year and the timing of store openings has, and will continue to have, an impact on our results. We opened 69 stores during fiscal year 2024.
During fiscal year 2023, we opened 58 new America’s Best stores and 12 new Eyeglass World stores and closed six America’s Best stores and one Legacy store as a result of our Legacy partner’s decision to cease its overall operations at the location.
During fiscal year 2024, we opened 66 new America’s Best stores and three new Eyeglass World stores and closed 11 America’s Best stores, five Eyeglass World stores, and one Military store as a result of the host partner’s decision to cease its overall operations at the location; we also converted 24 Eyeglass World Stores to America’s Best stores.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk — interest-rate, FX, commodity exposure

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We have market risk exposure from changes in interest rates. When appropriate, we use derivative financial instruments to mitigate the risk from such exposure. A discussion of our accounting policies for derivative financial instruments is included in Note 1. “Business and Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 10.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk We have market risk exposure from changes in interest rates. When appropriate, we may use derivative financial instruments to mitigate the risk from such exposure. A discussion of our accounting policies for derivative financial instruments is included in Note 1. “Business and Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 11.
If market interest rates increase, the interest rate on our variable rate debt will increase and will create higher debt service requirements, which would adversely affect our cash flow and could adversely impact our results of operations. Our interest rate collar is intended to mitigate some of the effects of increases in interest rates. Refer to Note 1.
“Fair Value Measurement” to our consolidated financial statements. A significant portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates. If market interest rates increase, the interest rate on our variable rate debt will increase and will create higher debt service requirements, which would adversely affect our cash flow and could adversely impact our results of operations.
As of December 30, 2023, $146.3 million of term loan borrowings were subject to variable interest rates and we had total borrowings of $448.7 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 3.4%, inclusive of the effects of our interest rate collar.
Our interest rate collar was intended to mitigate some of the effects of increases in interest rates. As of December 28, 2024, $254.2 million of term loan borrowings were subject to variable interest rates and we had total borrowings of $339.0 million with a weighted average borrowing rate of 6.5%.
Our exposure to risk from changes in the interest rates will change upon the maturity of our interest rate collar on July 18, 2024. See Note 13. “Interest Rate Derivatives” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information on our interest rate collar. 68 Table of Contents
“Interest Rate Derivatives” to our consolidated financial statements for more information on our interest rate collar. 66 Table of Contents
An increase to market rates of 1.0% as of December 30, 2023 would not result in a material increase to interest expense. Assuming a decrease to market rates of 1.0%, the resulting impact to interest expense related to the interest rate derivative would be approximately $1 million.
Our interest rate collar matured on July 18, 2024 and our variable interest rate term loan borrowings are exposed to changes in market rates. An increase or decrease to market rates of 1.0% would result in a $2.5 million increase or decrease to interest expense as of December 28, 2024. See Note 14.
Removed
“Fair Value Measurement” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this Form 10-K. A portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates.
Removed
“Business and Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information on the cessation of LIBOR.

Other EYE 10-K year-over-year comparisons