Biggest changeFiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Fiscal 2019 (in thousands, except per share data) Consolidated Statement of Income Data: Net sales $ 6,099,869 $ 6,468,759 $ 5,634,835 Cost of sales 3,890,657 4,089,470 3,740,017 Gross profit 2,209,212 2,379,289 1,894,818 Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,748,205 1,863,869 1,549,707 Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) 122,258 124,124 120,491 Store closure and other costs, net 4,673 (369 ) 7,260 Income from operations 334,076 391,665 217,360 Interest expense, net 11,684 14,787 21,192 Income before income taxes 322,392 376,878 196,168 Income tax provision 78,235 89,428 46,539 Net income $ 244,157 $ 287,450 $ 149,629 40 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Fiscal 2019 Other Operating Data: Comparable store sales growth (6.7 )% 6.9 % 1.1 % Stores at beginning of period 362 340 313 Opened (1) 12 22 28 Closed — — (1 ) Stores at end of period 374 362 340 (1) Stores opened is exclusive of one store relocation during fiscal 2021 and 2019. 41 Comparison of Fiscal 2021 to Fiscal 2020 Net sales Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Net sales $ 6,099,869 $ 6,468,759 $ (368,890 ) (6 )% Comparable store sales growth (6.7 )% 6.9 % Net sales during 2021 totaled $6.1 billion, decreasing 6% over the prior fiscal year.
Biggest changeFiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 (in thousands, except per share data) Consolidated Statement of Income Data: Net sales $ 6,404,223 $ 6,099,869 $ 6,468,759 Cost of sales 4,055,659 3,890,657 4,089,470 Gross profit 2,348,564 2,209,212 2,379,289 Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,855,649 1,748,205 1,863,869 Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) 123,530 122,258 124,124 Store closure and other costs, net 11,025 4,673 (369 ) Income from operations 358,360 334,076 391,665 Interest expense, net 9,047 11,684 14,787 Income before income taxes 349,313 322,392 376,878 Income tax provision 88,149 78,235 89,428 Net income $ 261,164 $ 244,157 $ 287,450 Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 108,232 115,377 117,821 Dilutive effect of equity-based awards 907 700 403 Weighted average shares and equivalent shares outstanding - diluted 109,139 116,077 118,224 Diluted net income per share $ 2.39 $ 2.10 $ 2.43 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Other Operating Data: Comparable store sales growth 2.2 % (6.7 )% 6.9 % Stores at beginning of period 374 362 340 Opened (1) 16 12 22 Closed (4 ) — — Stores at end of period 386 374 362 Selling square feet at the end of the period 10,894,396 10,625,686 10,344,669 Average store size at the end of the period (selling square feet) 28,224 28,411 28,576 (1) Stores opened is exclusive of one store relocation during fiscal 2021. 42 Table of Contents Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Net sales Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Net sales $ 6,404,223 $ 6,099,869 $ 304,354 5 % Comparable store sales growth 2.2 % (6.7 )% Net sales during 2022 totaled $6.4 billion, increasing 5%, over the prior fiscal year.
Additional factors that influence comparable store sales growth and other sales trends include: • general economic conditions and trends, including levels of disposable income and consumer confidence; • product price inflation or deflation; • our competition, including competitive store openings in the vicinity of our stores and competitor pricing and merchandising strategies; • consumer preferences and buying trends; • our ability to identify market trends, and to source and provide product offerings that promote customer traffic and growth in average ticket; • the number of customer transactions and average ticket; • the prices of our products, including the effects of factors beyond our control, such as inflation, deflation and tariffs; • opening new stores in the vicinity of our existing stores; and • advertising, in-store merchandising and other marketing activities.
Additional factors that influence comparable store sales growth and other sales trends include: • general economic conditions and trends, including levels of disposable income and consumer confidence; • our competition, including competitive store openings in the vicinity of our stores and competitor pricing and merchandising strategies; • consumer preferences and buying trends; • our ability to identify market trends, and to source and provide product offerings that promote customer traffic and growth in average ticket; • the number of customer transactions and average ticket; • the prices of our products, including the effects of factors beyond our control, such as inflation, deflation and tariffs; • opening new stores in the vicinity of our existing stores; and • advertising, in-store merchandising and other marketing activities.
We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following accounting policies involve the most difficult, complex or subjective judgements: inventories, lease assumptions, self-insurance reserves, goodwill and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets, and income taxes.
We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following accounting policies involve the most difficult, complex or subjective judgments: inventories, lease assumptions, self-insurance reserves, goodwill and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets, and income taxes.
See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities,” Note 7, "Leases," Note 18, "Commitments and Contingencies" and Note 15, "Self-Insurance Programs" to our consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on the nature and timing of these obligations.
See Note 7, "Leases," Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities,” Note 15, "Self-Insurance Programs" and Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on the nature and timing of these obligations.
Our geographic store expansion and new store placement will intersect where our target customers live, in markets with growth potential and supply chain support, which we believe will provide a long runway of at least 10% annual unit growth beginning in 2023. • Create an Advantaged Fresh Supply Chain.
Our geographic store expansion and new store placement will intersect where our target customers live, in markets with growth potential and supply chain support, which we believe will provide a long runway of at least 10% annual unit growth beginning in 2024. • Create an Advantaged Fresh Supply Chain.
Cost of sales and gross profit Cost of sales includes the cost of inventory sold during the period, including direct costs of purchased merchandise (net of discounts and allowances), distribution and supply chain costs and supplies. Cost of sales also includes depreciation and amortization expense for distribution centers and supply chain-related assets.
Cost of sales and gross profit Cost of sales includes the cost of inventory sold during the period, including direct costs of purchased merchandise (net of discounts and allowances), distribution and supply chain costs, and depreciation and amortization expense for distribution centers and supply chain-related assets.
Management believes that such routine commitments and contractual obligations do not have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Impact of Inflation and Deflation Inflation and deflation in the prices of food and other products we sell may periodically affect our sales, gross profit and gross margin.
Management believes that such routine commitments and contractual obligations do not have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. 50 Table of Contents Impact of Inflation and Deflation Inflation and deflation in the prices of food and other products we sell may periodically affect our sales, gross profit and gross margin.
The assumed ownership and associated interest expense are calculated using the discount rate for each lease as recorded as a component of rent expense within selling, general and administrative expenses. Invested capital reflects a trailing twelve-month average. As numerous methods exist for calculating ROIC, our method may differ from methods used by other companies to calculate their ROIC.
The assumed ownership and associated interest expense are calculated using the discount rate for each lease as recorded as a component of rent expense within selling, general and administrative expenses. Invested capital reflects a trailing four-quarter average. As numerous methods exist for calculating ROIC, our method may differ from methods used by other companies to calculate their ROIC.
Selling, general and administrative expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, wages and benefits costs, share-based compensation, store occupancy costs (including rent, property taxes, utilities, common area maintenance and insurance), advertising costs, buying costs, pre-opening and other administrative costs. 39 Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) primarily consists of depreciation and amortization for buildings, store leasehold improvements, and equipment.
Selling, general and administrative expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, wages and benefits costs, share-based compensation, store occupancy costs (including rent, property taxes, utilities, common area maintenance and insurance), advertising costs, buying costs, pre-opening and other administrative costs. 41 Table of Contents Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) primarily consists of depreciation and amortization for buildings, store leasehold improvements, and equipment.
Our principal contractual obligations and commitments consist of obligations under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, interest on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, operating and finance leases, purchase commitments and self-insurance liabilities.
Contractual Obligations Our principal contractual obligations and commitments consist of obligations under our Credit Agreement, interest on our Credit Agreement, operating and finance leases, purchase commitments and self-insurance liabilities.
We recorded an impairment loss of $4.8 million and $4.1 million in 2021 and 2019, respectively, during the normal course of business. No impairment was recorded in 2020. See Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 6, “Property and Equipment”. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.
We recorded an impairment loss of $8.1 million and $4.8 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, during the normal course of business. No impairment was recorded in 2020. See Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 6, “Property and Equipment". Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.
We believe our network of fresh distribution centers can drive efficiencies across the chain and support growth plans. To further deliver on our fresh commitment and reputation, as well as to improve financial results, we will aspire to ultimately position fresh distribution centers within a 250-mile radius of stores.
We believe our network of fresh distribution centers can drive efficiencies across the chain and support growth plans. To further deliver on our fresh commitment and reputation, as well as to increase our local offerings and improve financial results, we aspire to ultimately position fresh distribution centers within a 250-mile radius of stores.
From our founding in 2002 through January 2, 2022, we have grown rapidly, significantly increasing our sales, store count and profitability, including successfully rebranding 43 Henry’s Farmers Market and 39 Sunflower Farmers Market stores added in 2011 and 2012, respectively, through acquisitions to the Sprouts banner.
From our founding in 2002 through January 1, 2023, we have grown rapidly, significantly increasing our sales, store count and profitability, including successfully rebranding 43 Henry’s Farmers Market and 39 Sunflower Farmers Market stores added in 2011 and 2012, respectively, to the Sprouts banner through acquisitions.
Store closure and other costs, net Store closure and other costs, net primarily reflects costs incurred related to store closures, including impairment charges of long-lived assets, severance and any exit costs associated with closing a store. One-time disaster recovery and executive severance costs are also included here.
Store closure and other costs, net Store closure and other costs, net primarily reflects impairment charges of long-lived assets and costs incurred related to store closures, including severance and any exit costs associated with closing a store, in addition to occupancy costs associated with closed store locations. One-time disaster recovery and executive severance costs are also included here.
Fair market value is used in determining whether the lease is accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. 50 Self-Insurance Reserves We are self-insured for costs related to workers’ compensation, general liability and employee health benefits up to certain stop-loss limits.
Fair market value is used in determining whether the lease is accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. 52 Table of Contents Self-Insurance Reserves We are self-insured for costs related to workers’ compensation, general liability and employee health benefits up to certain self-insured retentions and stop-loss limits.
No impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets was recorded during fiscal 2021, 2020 or 2019 because the fair value of those assets was substantially above carrying value. 51 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
No impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets was recorded during fiscal 2022, 2021 or 2020 because the fair value of those assets was substantially above carrying value. 53 Table of Contents Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021, which provides comparisons of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, and which is incorporated by reference herein.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 24, 2022, which provides comparisons of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, and which is incorporated by reference herein.
We are beginning to deliver unique smaller stores with expectations of stronger returns, while maintaining the approachable, fresh-focused farmer’s market heritage Sprouts is known for. In 2021, we opened three stores and remodeled one store featuring our new format.
We are delivering unique smaller stores with expectations of stronger returns, while maintaining the approachable, fresh-focused farmer’s market heritage Sprouts is known for. In 2021, we opened three stores and remodeled one store featuring our new format, and in 2022, we opened nine new format stores.
Accordingly, our assessment of our valuation allowances requires considerable judgment and could have a significant negative or positive impact on our current and future earnings. 52
Accordingly, our assessment of our valuation allowances requires considerable judgment and could have a significant negative or positive impact on our current and future earnings. 54 Table of Contents
We believe that all inventories are saleable and no allowances or reserves for obsolescence were recorded as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021.
We believe that all inventories are saleable and no allowances or reserves for obsolescence were recorded as of January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022.
Proceeds from sales of gift cards are recorded as a liability at the time of sale and recognized as sales when they are redeemed by the customer. See Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information on revenue recognition related to gift cards.
Proceeds from sales of gift cards are recorded as a liability at the time of sale and recognized as sales when they are redeemed by the customer. See Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information on revenue recognition related to gift cards. We do not include sales taxes in net sales.
(2) Net income amounts represent total net income for the past four trailing quarters. (3) 2020 special items include professional fees related to our strategic initiatives . 2019 special items include the direct costs associated with store closure. (4) Net of tax amounts are calculated using the normalized effective tax rate for the periods presented.
(2) Net income amounts represent total net income for the past four trailing quarters. (3) 2020 special items include professional fees related to our strategic initiatives. (4) Net of tax amounts are calculated using the normalized effective tax rate for the periods presented.
We are executing on this strategy, focusing on the following areas: • Win with Target Customers . We are focusing attention on our target customers, identified through research as ‘health enthusiasts’ and ‘experience seekers’, where there is ample opportunity to gain share within these customer segments.
We continue to execute on this strategy, focusing on the following areas : • Win with Target Customers . We are focusing attention on our target customers, identified through research as ‘health enthusiasts’ and ‘selective shoppers’, where there is ample opportunity to gain share within these customer segments.
As of January 2, 2022, the consolidated self-insurance reserve balance was $50.5 million, of which a majority of the balance related to workers' compensation and general liability reserves. Liabilities for self-insurance reserves are estimated based on independent actuarial estimates, which are based on historical information and assumptions about future events.
As of January 1, 2023, the consolidated self-insurance reserve balance was $47.6 million, of which a majority of the balance related to workers' compensation and general liability reserves. Liabilities for self-insurance reserves are estimated based on independent actuarial estimates, which are based on historical information and assumptions about future events.
As of January 2, 2022, our consolidated goodwill balance was $368.9 million, and our consolidated indefinite-lived intangible assets balance was $185.0 million.
As of January 1, 2023, our consolidated goodwill balance was $368.9 million, and our consolidated indefinite-lived intangible assets balance was $185.0 million.
Share repurchase activity under our repurchase programs for the periods indicated was as follows (total cost in thousands): Year Ended January 2, 2022 January 3, 2021 Number of common shares acquired 7,416,357 — Average price per common share acquired $ 25.40 $ — Total cost of common shares acquired $ 188,343 $ — 47 Shares purchased under our repurchase programs were subsequently retired and the excess of the repurchase price over par value was charged to retained earnings.
Share repurchase activity under our repurchase programs for the periods indicated was as follows (total cost in thousands): Year Ended January 1, 2023 January 2, 2022 Number of common shares acquired 6,897,082 7,416,357 Average price per common share acquired $ 28.99 $ 25.40 Total cost of common shares acquired $ 199,980 $ 188,343 Shares purchased under our repurchase programs were subsequently retired and the excess of the repurchase price over par value was charged to retained earnings.
Each of these covenants is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter, starting with the fiscal quarter ended April 1, 2018. We were in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of January 2, 2022.
Each of these covenants is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter, starting with the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2022. We were in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Credit Agreement as of January 1, 2023.
We expect capital expenditures to be in the range of $150 - $170 million in 2022, including expenditures incurred to date, net of estimated landlord tenant improvement allowances, primarily to fund investments in new stores, remodels, maintenance capital expenditures and corporate capital expenditures. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with cash on hand and cash generated from operating activities.
We expect capital expenditures to be in the range of $210 - $230 million in 2023, net of estimated landlord tenant improvement allowances, primarily to fund investments in new stores, remodels, maintenance capital expenditures and corporate capital expenditures. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with cash on hand and cash generated from operating activities.
Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below, as well as our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of each period (in thousands): Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Fiscal 2019 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 247,004 $ 171,441 $ 86,785 Cash from operating activities $ 364,799 $ 494,035 $ 355,210 Cash used in investing activities $ (102,378 ) $ (121,968 ) $ (183,232 ) Cash used in financing activities $ (186,858 ) $ (287,411 ) $ (87,441 ) We have generally financed our operations principally through cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities.
Liquidity and Capital Resources The following table sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below, as well as our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of each period (in thousands): Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 295,192 $ 247,004 $ 171,441 Cash from operating activities $ 371,329 $ 364,799 $ 494,035 Cash used in investing activities $ (124,010 ) $ (102,378 ) $ (121,968 ) Cash used in financing activities $ (199,131 ) $ (186,858 ) $ (287,411 ) We have generally financed our operations principally through cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities.
With the implementation of our strategy, we have significantly improved our margin structure above our 2019 baseline. Components of Operating Results We report our results of operations on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Sunday closest to December 31, with each fiscal quarter generally divided into three periods consisting of two four-week periods and one five-week period.
Components of Operating Results We report our results of operations on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Sunday closest to December 31, with each fiscal quarter generally divided into three periods consisting of two four-week periods and one five-week period.
See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” of our audited consolidated financial statements, contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for more details.
Our Credit Agreement is defined and more fully described in Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” of our audited consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Fiscal 2021 was a 52-week year ending on January 2, 2022. Fiscal 2020 was a 53-week year ending on January 3, 2021. Fiscal 2019 was a 52-week year ending on December 29, 2019. Net Sales We recognize sales revenue at the point of sale, with discounts provided to customers reflected as a reduction in sales revenue.
Fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were 52-week years ending on January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, respectively. Fiscal 2020 was a 53-week year ending on January 3, 2021. 40 Table of Contents Net Sales We recognize sales revenue at the point of sale, with discounts provided to customers reflected as a reduction in sales revenue.
These three businesses all trace their lineage back to Henry’s Farmers Market and were built with similar store formats and operations including a strong emphasis on value, produce and service in smaller, convenient locations. 37 Outlook In 2020, we announced the initial steps of our new long-term growth strategy that we believe will transform our company and drive profitable growth.
These three businesses all trace their lineage back to Henry’s Farmers Market and were built with similar store formats and operations including a strong emphasis on value, produce and service in smaller, convenient locations. 39 Table of Contents Outlook Since 2020, we have focused on our long-term growth strategy that we believe is transforming our company and driving profitable growth.
Interest payments through the March 27, 2023 maturity date of our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement based on the outstanding amounts as of January 2, 2022 and LIBOR rates in effect at the time of this filing, are estimated to be approximately $12.0 million. These payments are $10.3 million in 2022 and approximately $1.7 million thereafter.
Interest payments through the March 25, 2027 maturity date of our Credit Agreement based on the outstanding amounts as of January 1, 2023 and interest rates in effect at the time of this filing, are estimated to be approximately $52.5 million. These payments are estimated to be approximately $15.2 million in 2023 and approximately $37.3 million thereafter.
Factors Affecting Liquidity We can currently borrow under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, up to an initial aggregate commitment of $700.0 million, which may be increased from time to time pursuant to an expansion feature set forth in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
Factors Affecting Liquidity We can currently borrow under our Credit Agreement, up to an initial aggregate commitment of $700.0 million, which may be increased from time to time pursuant to an expansion feature set forth in the Credit Agreement. We have previously utilized borrowings under our Credit Agreement to fund our share repurchase program as described above.
Cash flows used in investing activities were $102.4 million and $122.0 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in cash flows used in investing activities is primarily due to fewer stores under construction in 2021 as compared to 2020.
Cash flows used in investing activities were $124.0 million and $102.4 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in cash flows used in investing activities was primarily due to more stores under construction in 2022 as compared to 2021.
Although we may experience periodic effects on sales, gross profit, gross margins and cash flows as a result of changing prices, including most recently from inflationary pressures due primarily to supply chain disruptions complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we do not expect the effect of inflation or deflation to have a material impact on our ability to execute our long-term business strategy. 49 Critical Accounting Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Although we may experience periodic effects on sales, gross profit, gross margins and cash flows as a result of changing prices, including pressures we experienced in fiscal 2022 due to product cost inflation which we largely passed along to retail pricing, we do not expect the effect of inflation or deflation to have a material impact on our ability to execute our long-term business strategy. 51 Table of Contents Critical Accounting Estimates Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Subsequent to January 2, 2022 and through February 24, 2022, we repurchased an additional 0.2 million shares of common stock for $5.7 million.
Subsequent to January 1, 2023 and through February 28, 2023, we repurchased an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock for $64.0 million.
We do not have any material contractual commitments for future capital expenditures as of January 2, 2022. Financing Activities Cash flows used in financing activities were $186.9 million for 2021 compared to $287.4 million for 2020. During 2021, cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of $188.3 million for share repurchases.
We do not have any material contractual commitments for future capital expenditures as of January 1, 2023. Financing Activities Cash flows used in financing activities were $199.1 million for 2022 compared to $186.9 million for 2021.
(5) 2021, 2020 and 2019 estimated interest on operating leases is calculated by multiplying operating leases by the 6.7%, 7.2% and 7.5% discount rate, respectively, for each lease recorded as rent expense within direct store expense.
(5) 2022, 2021 and 2020 estimated interest on operating leases is calculated by multiplying operating leases by the 7.1%, 6.7% and 7.2% discount rate, respectively, for each lease recorded as rent expense within direct store expense. (6) 2022, 2021 and 2020 average operating leases represents the average net present value of outstanding lease obligations over the trailing four quarters.
Each of these covenants is subject to customary and other agreed-upon exceptions. In addition, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires that we and our subsidiaries maintain a maximum total net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.25 to 1.00 and minimum interest coverage ratio not to be less than 1.75 to 1.00.
Each of these covenants is subject to customary and other agreed-upon exceptions. 49 Table of Contents In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that we and our subsidiaries maintain a maximum total net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.75 to 1.00, which ratio may be increased from time to time in connection with certain permitted acquisitions pursuant to conditions as set forth in the Credit Agreement, and a minimum interest coverage ratio not to be less than 3.00 to 1.00.
Operating lease interest represents the add-back to operating income driven by the hypothetical interest expense we would incur if the property under our operating leases were owned or accounted for as a finance lease (capital lease prior to adoption of ASC 842).
We define ROIC as net operating profit after-tax (“NOPAT”), including the effect of operating leases, divided by average invested capital. Operating lease interest represents the add-back to operating income driven by the hypothetical interest expense we would incur if the property under our operating leases were owned or accounted for as a finance lease.
The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods. Fiscal 2021 and Fiscal 2019 consisted of 52 weeks, while Fiscal 2020 consisted of 53 weeks.
Results of Operations for Fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 The following tables set forth our results of operations and other operating data for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods. Fiscal 2022 and 2021 consisted of 52 weeks, while Fiscal 2020 consisted of 53 weeks.
Our calculation of ROIC for the fiscal years indicated was as follows: 2021 2020 (1) 2019 (dollars in thousands) Net income (2) $ 244,157 $ 287,450 $ 149,629 Special items, net of tax (3), (4) — 6,565 377 Interest expense, net of tax (4) 8,848 11,272 16,214 Net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT) $ 253,005 $ 305,287 $ 166,220 Total rent expense, net of tax (4) 150,047 146,630 129,748 Estimated depreciation on operating leases, net of tax (4) (88,015 ) (80,944 ) (61,898 ) Estimated interest on operating leases, net of tax (4), (5) 62,032 65,686 67,850 NOPAT, including effect of operating leases $ 315,037 $ 370,973 $ 234,070 Average working capital 193,900 101,622 37,505 Average property and equipment 712,496 735,651 737,851 Average other assets 568,744 567,188 567,554 Average other liabilities (101,339 ) (100,531 ) (120,521 ) Average invested capital $ 1,373,801 $ 1,303,930 $ 1,222,389 Average operating leases (6) 1,222,513 1,196,822 1,185,080 Average invested capital, including operating leases $ 2,596,314 $ 2,500,752 $ 2,407,469 ROIC, including operating leases 12.1 % 14.8 % 9.7 % 45 (1) Fiscal 2020 includes 53 weeks.
Our calculation of ROIC for the fiscal years indicated was as follows: 2022 2021 2020 (1) (dollars in thousands) Net income (2) $ 261,164 $ 244,157 $ 287,450 Special items, net of tax (3), (4) — — 6,565 Interest expense, net of tax (4) 6,764 8,848 11,272 Net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT) $ 267,928 $ 253,005 $ 305,287 Total rent expense, net of tax (4) 154,626 150,047 146,630 Estimated depreciation on operating leases, net of tax (4) (87,775 ) (88,015 ) (80,944 ) Estimated interest on operating leases, net of tax (4), (5) 66,851 62,032 65,686 NOPAT, including effect of operating leases $ 334,779 $ 315,037 $ 370,973 Average working capital 271,604 193,900 101,622 Average property and equipment 704,786 712,496 735,651 Average other assets 568,609 568,744 567,188 Average other liabilities (96,583 ) (101,339 ) (100,531 ) Average invested capital $ 1,448,416 $ 1,373,801 $ 1,303,930 Average operating leases (6) 1,259,362 1,222,513 1,196,822 Average invested capital, including operating leases $ 2,707,778 $ 2,596,314 $ 2,500,752 ROIC, including operating leases 12.4 % 12.1 % 14.8 % 46 Table of Contents (1) Fiscal 2020 includes 53 weeks.
Diluted earnings per share Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (shares in thousands) Diluted earnings per share $ 2.10 $ 2.43 $ (0.33 ) (13 )% Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 116,077 118,224 (2,147 ) The decrease in diluted earnings per share of $0.33 was driven by lower net income, partially offset by fewer diluted shares outstanding compared to the prior year, due primarily to the share repurchase program. 44 Return on Invested Capital In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we provide information regarding Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”) as additional information about our operating results.
Diluted earnings per share Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (shares in thousands) Diluted earnings per share $ 2.39 $ 2.10 $ 0.29 14 % Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 109,139 116,077 (6,938 ) The increase in diluted earnings per share of $0.29 was driven by higher net income, in addition to fewer diluted shares outstanding compared to the prior year, due to our repurchase of approximately 6.9 million shares for a total cost of $200.0 million under our share repurchase program. 45 Table of Contents Return on Invested Capital In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we provide information regarding Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”) as additional information about our operating results.
See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” and Note 21, “Derivative Financial Instruments.” Income tax provision Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Income tax provision $ 78,235 $ 89,428 (11,193 ) (13 )% Effective tax rate 24.3 % 23.7 % 0.6 % 43 Income tax provision decreased by $11.2 million to $78.2 million for 2021 from $89.4 million for 2020, primarily related to a decrease in income before income taxes.
See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” and Note 22, “Derivative Financial Instruments.” Income tax provision Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Income tax provision $ 88,149 $ 78,235 $ 9,914 13 % Effective income tax rate 25.2 % 24.3 % 0.9 % Income tax provision increased by $9.9 million to $88.1 million for 2022 from $78.2 million for 2021, primarily related to an increase in income before income taxes.
Our primary uses of cash are for purchases of inventory, operating expenses, capital expenditures primarily for opening new stores, remodels and maintenance, repurchases of our common stock and debt service.
Our primary uses of cash are for purchases of inventory, operating expenses, capital expenditures primarily for opening new stores, remodels and maintenance, repurchases of our common stock and debt service. Our principal contractual obligations and commitments consist of obligations under our Credit Agreement, interest on our Credit Agreement, operating and finance leases, purchase commitments and self-insurance liabilities.
The board’s authorization of the share repurchase programs does not obligate our company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase programs may be commenced, suspended, or discontinued at any time. We have used borrowings under our Former Credit Facility and Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to assist with the repurchase programs.
Our board’s authorization of the share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be commenced, suspended, or discontinued at any time.
Food inflation, when combined with reduced consumer spending, could also reduce sales, gross profit margins and comparable store sales.
Food inflation, when combined with reduced consumer spending, could also reduce sales, gross profit margins and comparable store sales. Inflationary pressures on compensation, utilities, commodities, equipment and supplies may also impact our profitability.
Store closure and other costs, net Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Store closure and other costs, net $ 4,673 $ (369 ) $ 5,042 1366 % Percentage of net sales 0.1 % — 0.1 % Store closure and other costs, net in 2021 of $4.7 million includes $4.8 million of impairment losses related to the write-down of leasehold improvements and right-of-use assets.
Store closure and other costs, net in 2021 of $4.7 million primarily included $4.8 million of impairment losses related to the write-down of leasehold improvements and right-of-use assets.
Our practice is to include sales from a store in comparable store sales beginning on the first day of the 61st week following the store’s opening and to exclude sales from a closed store from comparable store sales on the day of closure. This practice may differ from the methods that other retailers use to calculate similar measures.
We monitor our comparable store sales growth to evaluate and identify trends in our sales performance. Our practice is to include sales from a store in comparable store sales beginning on the first day of the 61st week following the store’s opening and to exclude sales from a closed store from comparable store sales on the day of closure.
The shares under the Company’s repurchase program may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time through March 3, 2024, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or other means, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans.
Effective date Expiration date Amount authorized Cost of repurchases Authorization available March 3, 2021 March 2, 2022 $ 300,000 $ 200,200 $ — March 2, 2022 December 31, 2023 $ 600,000 $ 188,123 $ 411,877 48 Table of Contents The shares under our current repurchase program may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time through the applicable expiration date, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or other means, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans.
Real estate obligations, including legally binding minimum lease payments for leases executed but not yet commenced, were $451.5 million as of January 2, 2022. These obligations are $4.1 million in 2022 and $447.4 million thereafter. Our purchase commitments under noncancelable service and supply contracts that are enforceable and legally binding totaled $14.3 million as of January 2, 2022.
Real estate obligations, consisting of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases executed but not yet commenced, were $504.5 million as of January 1, 2023, including $7.2 million in 2023 and $497.3 million thereafter through 2044.
Comparable stores contributed approximately 97% of total sales for 2021 and approximately 92% for the prior fiscal year.
Comparable store sales contributed approximately 97% of total sales for both 2022 and 2021.
These commitments are $7.9 million in 2022 and $6.4 million thereafter. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in purchase commitments. We periodically make other commitments and become subject to other contractual obligations that we believe to be routine in nature and incidental to the operation of the business.
We periodically make other commitments and become subject to other contractual obligations that we believe to be routine in nature and incidental to the operation of the business.
The decrease was primarily driven by the payout of incentive compensation amounts earned in the prior year and inventory stock recovery in the current year after levels were depleted during the height of the pandemic in the prior year. 46 Investing Activities Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures in new stores, including leasehold improvements and store equipment, capital expenditures to maintain the appearance of our stores, sales enhancing initiatives and other corporate investments.
The increase was primarily driven by higher inventories impacted by inflationary cost increases on our purchases in the current year and higher prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to the timing of marketing spend, partially offset by the higher payout of COVID related incentive compensation amounts earned in 2020 and paid in 2021. 47 Table of Contents Investing Activities Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures in new stores, including leasehold improvements and store equipment, capital expenditures to maintain the appearance of our stores, sales enhancing initiatives and other corporate investments.
Cost of sales and gross profit Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Net sales $ 6,099,869 $ 6,468,759 $ (368,890 ) (6 )% Cost of sales 3,890,657 4,089,470 (198,813 ) (5 )% Gross profit 2,209,212 2,379,289 (170,077 ) (7 )% Gross margin 36.2 % 36.8 % (0.6 )% Gross profit decreased during 2021 compared to 2020 by $170.1 million to $2.2 billion.
Cost of sales and gross profit Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Net sales $ 6,404,223 $ 6,099,869 $ 304,354 5 % Cost of sales 4,055,659 3,890,657 165,002 4 % Gross profit 2,348,564 2,209,212 139,352 6 % Gross margin 36.7 % 36.2 % 0.5 % Gross profit increased during 2022 compared to 2021 by $139.4 million to $2.3 billion driven by increased sales volume for the reasons discussed above.
Interest expense, net Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Long-term debt $ 4,601 $ 8,864 $ (4,263 ) (48 )% Capital and financing leases 906 970 (64 ) (7 )% Deferred financing costs 564 575 (11 ) (2 )% Interest rate hedge and other 5,613 4,378 1,235 28 % Total interest expense, net $ 11,684 $ 14,787 $ (3,103 ) (21 )% The decrease in interest expense, net was primarily due to the decrease in the average balance outstanding under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
Interest expense, net Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Long-term debt $ 7,930 $ 4,601 $ 3,329 72 % Capital and financing leases 852 906 (54 ) (6 )% Deferred financing costs 800 564 236 42 % Interest rate hedge and other (535 ) 5,613 (6,148 ) (110 )% Total interest expense, net $ 9,047 $ 11,684 $ (2,637 ) (23 )% The decrease in interest expense, net was primarily due to higher interest income and lower credit facility fees.
Operating Activities Cash flows from operating activities decreased $129.2 million to $364.8 million in 2021 compared to $494.0 million in 2020. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities is primarily a result of changes in working capital in addition to a decrease in net income.
Operating Activities Cash flows from operating activities increased $6.5 million to $371.3 million in 2022 compared to $364.8 million in 2021. The increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily a result of higher net income, partially offset by changes in working capital. The increase in net income was primarily due to increased net sales and favorable margin impact.
See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” for a description of our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and our Former Credit Facility (as defined therein). Share Repurchase Program On March 3, 2021, the Company’s board of directors authorized a $300 million share repurchase program for its common stock.
Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities Long-term debt outstanding was $250.0 million as of January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022. See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” for a description of our Credit Agreement and our Former Credit Facility (as defined therein).
Headquartered in Phoenix with 374 stores in 23 states as of January 2, 2022, we are one of the largest and fastest growing specialty retailers of fresh, natural and organic food in the United States. Our Heritage In 2002, we opened the first Sprouts Farmers Market store in Chandler, Arizona.
We continue to bring the latest in wholesome, innovative products made with lifestyle-friendly ingredients such as organic, plant-based and gluten-free. Headquartered in Phoenix with 386 stores in 23 states as of January 1, 2023, we are one of the largest and fastest growing specialty retailers of fresh, natural and organic food in the United States.
We have previously utilized borrowings under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to fund our share repurchase program as described above. The interest rate we pay on our borrowings increases as our leverage ratio increases. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains financial, affirmative and negative covenants.
The interest rate we pay on our borrowings increases as our net leverage ratio increases and may increase or decrease based upon the achievement of certain diversity and sustainability-linked metric thresholds. The Credit Agreement contains financial, affirmative and negative covenants.
Net income Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Net income $ 244,157 $ 287,450 $ (43,293 ) (15 )% Percentage of net sales 4.0 % 4.4 % (0.4 )% Net income decreased $43.3 million primarily due to decreased net sales and unfavorable margin impact, partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses.
The effective income tax rate increased to 25.2% in 2022 from 24.3% in 2021 primarily due to decreased charitable contribution deductions in 2022 from the lapsing of benefits initially provided for in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the "CARES Act"). 44 Table of Contents Net income Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Net income $ 261,164 $ 244,157 $ 17,007 7 % Percentage of net sales 4.1 % 4.0 % 0.1 % Net income increased $17.0 million primarily due to increased net sales and favorable margin impact, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses and a higher effective tax rate for the reasons discussed above.
We are investing savings from removing our print ad into increasing customer engagement through digital and social connections, driving additional sales growth and loyalty. • Deliver on Financial Targets and Box Economics. We are measuring and reporting on the success of this strategy against a number of long-term financial and operational targets.
We are investing savings from largely removing our weekly promotional print ad into increasing engagement and personalization with our target customers through digital and social connections, driving additional sales growth and loyalty. • Inspire and Engage Our Talent to Create a Best Place to Work.
The sales decrease was primarily due to a 6.7% decrease in comparable store sales as a result of cycling the elevated demand driven by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year, as well as the 53 rd week in 2020. These decreases were partially offset by sales from new stores.
The sales increase was primarily due to a 2.2% increase in comparable store sales as well as sales from new stores opened since the prior year. The increase in comparable store sales was due in part to an increase in basket value due to retail price inflation, partially offset by a slight reduction in the number of items per basket.
Selling, general and administrative expenses Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,748,205 $ 1,863,869 $ (115,664 ) (6 )% Percentage of net sales 28.7 % 28.8 % (0.1 )% Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased $115.7 million or 6% as compared to 2020 due to lower compensation and other COVID-19 driven costs in the current year and reduced costs from the 53rd week in 2020 , partially offset by new stores opened since the comparable period in the prior year. 42 Depreciation and amortization Fiscal 2021 Fiscal 2020 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Depreciation and amortization $ 122,258 $ 124,124 $ (1,866 ) (2 )% Percentage of net sales 2.0 % 1.9 % 0.1 % Depreciation and amortization expenses (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) primarily consists of depreciation and amortization for buildings, store leasehold improvements, and equipment for new stores as well as remodel initiatives in older stores.
Selling, general and administrative expenses Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Change % Change (dollars in thousands) Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 1,855,649 $ 1,748,205 $ 107,444 6 % Percentage of net sales 29.0 % 28.7 % 0.3 % Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $107.4 million, or 6%, compared to 2021 due to the net increase in new stores opened since the prior year as well as inflationary conditions driving increases in store costs including wages, utilities and supplies.
During 2020, cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of $288.0 million of payments on the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities Long-term debt outstanding was $250.0 million as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021.
During 2022, cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of approximately $200 million for share repurchases and $3.4 million in debt issuance costs in connection with our Credit Agreement, partially offset by $5.0 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. During 2021, cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of $188.3 million for share repurchases.
The decrease in net income is primarily due to decreased net sales and unfavorable margin impact related to COVID-19, as well as the benefit of the 53 rd week in the prior year. Cash flows (used in)/ from operating activities from changes in working capital were ($13.2 million) in 2021, compared to $83.4 million in 2020.
Cash flows used in operating activities from changes in working capital were $28.6 million in 2022, compared to $13.2 million in 2021.