What changed in UNITY BANCORP INC /NJ/'s 10-K — 2024 vs 2025

Item 1. Business: Forward Looking Statements This report, in Item 1, Item 7 and elsewhere, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Sections 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve inherent risks and uncertainties.

These forward-looking statements concern the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of Unity Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including statements preceded by, followed by or that include words or phrases such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continue,” “remain,” “pattern” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “can,” “may” or similar expressions.

There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements.

Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to: (1) the potential impact of pandemics and other health emergencies and the government’s response thereto on our operations as well as those of our clients and on the economy generally and in our market area specifically; (2) competitive and technological pressures among financial institutions may increase significantly; (3) changes in the interest rate environment may reduce interest margins; (4) prepayment speeds, loan origination and sale volumes, charge-offs and credit loss provisions may vary substantially from period to period; (5) general economic conditions may be less favorable than expected; (6) political developments, wars or other hostilities may disrupt or increase volatility in securities markets or other economic conditions; (7) legislative or regulatory changes or actions may adversely affect the businesses in which Unity Bancorp, Inc. is engaged; (8) changes and trends in the securities markets may adversely impact Unity Bancorp, Inc.; (9) a delayed or incomplete resolution of regulatory issues could adversely impact us; (10) difficulties in integrating any businesses that we may acquire, which may increase our expenses and delay the achievement of any benefits that we may expect from such acquisitions; (11) the impact of reputation risk created by the developments discussed above on such matters as business generation and retention, funding and liquidity could be significant; and (12) the outcome of any future regulatory and legal investigations and proceedings may not be anticipated; and (13) risks associated with generative artificial intelligence technology.

Further information on other factors that could affect the financial results of Unity Bancorp, Inc. are included in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Unity Bancorp, Inc.’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These documents are available free of charge at the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov and/or from Unity Bancorp, Inc.

Unity Bancorp, Inc. assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements at any time. ​ a) General Unity Bancorp, Inc., ("we", "us", "our", the "Company" or "Registrant"), is a bank holding company incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey to serve as a holding company for Unity Bank (the “Bank”).

The Company has also elected to become a financial holding company pursuant to regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve system (the "FRB"). The Company was organized at the direction of the Board of Directors of the Bank for the purpose of acquiring all the capital stock of the Bank.

Pursuant to the New Jersey Banking Act of 1948 (the "Banking Act"), and pursuant to approval of the shareholders of the Bank, the Company acquired the Bank and became its holding company on December 1, 1994. The primary activity of the Company is ownership and supervision of the Bank.

The Company also owns 100 percent of the common equity of Unity (NJ) Statutory Trust II. The trust has issued $10.3 million of preferred securities to investors. The principal executive offices of the Company are located at 64 Old Highway 22, Clinton, New Jersey 08809 and the telephone number is (800) 618-2265. The Company’s website address is www.unitybank.com.

Business of the Company The Company’s primary business is ownership and supervision of the Bank. The Company and the Bank derive a majority of their revenue from net interest income (i.e., the difference between the interest received on loans and securities and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings).

The Company, through the Bank, conducts a traditional and community- 3 Table of Contents oriented commercial banking business and offers services, including personal and business checking accounts, time deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts, credit cards, debit cards, wire transfers, safe deposit boxes, access to automated teller services and internet and mobile banking, typical of a community banking business.

The Bank also offers retirement accounts, Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) origination and Remote Deposit Capture (“RDC”). CDARS/ICS reciprocal deposits are offered based on the Bank’s participation in the IntraFi Network LLC network which enable Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance sensitive customers to have FDIC coverage for large dollar deposits.

The Company structures its specific services and charges in a manner designed to attract the business of the small and medium sized business, professional community and state and local municipalities, as well as that of individuals residing, working and shopping in its service area.

Deposits serve as the primary source of funding for interest-earning assets, but also generate noninterest income through treasury solution fees, merchant fees, stop payment fees, wire transfer fees, insufficient fund fees, debit/credit card income, foreign ATM fees, interchange and other miscellaneous fees.

In addition, the Bank generates additional noninterest income through residential, commercial and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loan originations, servicing and sales. The Company engages in a wide range of lending activities and offers commercial, SBA, consumer, mortgage, home equity and personal loans.

Commercial lending is primarily comprised of owner-occupied and non-owner occupied commercial mortgages and is supplemented by commercial and industrial lending activities, secured by business assets including real estate, receivables, inventory and equipment. Additionally, the Company engages in commercial and residential construction lending activities. A significant majority of the Company’s loans are real-estate secured.

Service Areas The Company’s primary service area is defined as the neighborhoods served by the Bank’s offices.

The Bank’s main office is located in Clinton, New Jersey and the Bank operates twenty-two branches primarily along the Route 22/Route 78 corridors with branches in Bergen, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Morris, Ocean, Somerset, Union and Warren counties in New Jersey and Northampton County in Pennsylvania.

Through its banking locations and online services, the Bank is able to support clients throughout the New York City metropolitan area. The Company’s goal is to continue to expand as needed to support clients as their businesses grow. Competition The banking business is highly competitive. The Company is located in an extremely competitive area.

The Company’s service area is also serviced by national banks, major regional banks, large thrift institutions, financial technology companies and a variety of credit unions.

In addition, since passage of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act of 1999 (the “Modernization Act”), securities firms and insurance companies have been allowed to acquire or form financial institutions, thereby increasing competition in the financial services market. Most of the Company’s competitors have substantially more capital, and therefore greater lending limits than the Company.

The Company’s competitors generally have established positions in the service area and have greater resources than the Company with which to pay for advertising, technologies, physical facilities, personnel and interest on deposited funds.

The Company relies on the competitive pricing of its loans, deposits and other services, as well as its ability to provide local decision-making and personal service in order to compete with these larger institutions. Employees and Human Capital As of December 31, 2025, the Company employed 239 full‑time and 6 part‑time employees.

None of the Company’s employees are represented by collective bargaining units. The Company believes its relations with employees are good and that its ability to attract and retain talent is critical to its success. To support this objective, the Company strives to offer competitive salaries and comprehensive employee benefits and regularly monitors compensation levels within its market areas.

The Company provides medical benefits through a self‑insured health plan.

In addition, the principal purposes of the Company’s equity incentive plans are to attract, retain, and motivate selected employees, consultants, and directors through the granting of stock‑based compensation awards. 4 Table of Contents SUPERVISION AND REGULATION General Supervision and Regulation Bank holding companies and banks are extensively regulated under both federal and state law and these laws are subject to change.

As an example, in the summer of 2010, Congress passed, and the President signed, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) (discussed below). These laws and regulations are intended to protect depositors, not stockholders.

To the extent that the following information describes statutory and regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provisions. Any change in the applicable law or regulation may have a material effect on the business and prospects of the Company and the Bank.

Management of the Company is unable to predict, at this time, the impact of future changes to laws and regulations. General Bank Holding Company Regulation General: As a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, (the "BHCA"), the Company is subject to the regulation and supervision of the FRB.

The Company is required to file with the FRB annual reports and other information regarding its business operations and those of its subsidiaries.

Under the BHCA, activities of a holding company and those of its subsidiaries are limited to banking, managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries or engaging in any other activity which the FRB determines to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be properly incident thereto.

However, as a financial holding company, the Company may engage in a broader scope of activities. See "Financial Holding Company Status".

The BHCA requires, among other things, the prior approval of the FRB in any case where a bank holding company proposes to; (i) acquire all or substantially all the assets of any other bank; (ii) acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock of any bank (unless it owns a majority of such bank’s voting shares); or (iii) merge or consolidate with any other bank holding company.

The FRB will not approve any acquisition, merger or consolidation that would have a substantially anti-competitive effect, unless the anti-competitive impact of the proposed transaction is clearly outweighed by a greater public interest in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served.

The FRB also considers capital adequacy, as well as other financial and management resources, and future prospects of the companies and banks concerned, along with the convenience and needs of the community to be served.

The BHCA also generally prohibits a bank holding company, with certain limited exceptions, from; (i) acquiring or retaining direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock of any company which is not a bank or bank holding company; or (ii) engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks, or performing services for its subsidiaries, unless such non-banking business is determined by the FRB to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be properly incident thereto.

In making such determinations, the FRB is required to weigh the expected benefits to the public such as greater convenience, increased competition or gains in efficiency, against the possible adverse effects such as undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest or unsound banking practices. The BHCA was substantially amended through the Modernization Act.

The Modernization Act permits bank holding companies and banks, which meet certain capital, management and Community Reinvestment Act standards, to engage in a broader range of non-banking activities. In addition, bank holding companies, which elect to become financial holding companies, may engage in certain banking and non-banking activities without prior FRB approval.

Finally, the Modernization Act imposes certain privacy requirements on all financial institutions and their treatment of consumer information. The Company has elected to become a financial holding company. See "Financial Holding Company Status" below.