What changed in Progressive Corporation's 2023 10-K compared to 2022?

Across the narrative sections we track, Progressive Corporation (PGR) added 210 paragraphs, removed 215, and edited 185 between the 2022 and 2023 10-K filings. The biggest movers are Item 1. Business (+127/−129), Item 1A. Risk Factors (+76/−79), Item 2. Properties (+3/−3).

Did Progressive Corporation add new Risk Factors in the 2023 10-K?

Yes — Item 1A Risk Factors shows 76 new/edited paragraphs and 79 removed paragraphs versus the 2022 10-K.

Where does this PGR 10-K diff come from?

The source filings are Progressive Corporation's official 2022 and 2023 Form 10-K annual reports from SEC EDGAR. 10q10k.net parses each filing, aligns paragraphs by section (Item 1, 1A, 1C, 2, 3, 7, 7A), and highlights every added, removed and edited sentence side-by-side.

Progressive CorporationPGREarnings & Financial Report

NYSE · Financials · Fire, Marine & Casualty Insurance

The Progressive Corporation is an American insurance company. Progressive is currently the #2 auto insurer in the United States behind State Farm. The company was co-founded in 1937 by Jack Green and Joseph M. Lewis, and is headquartered in Mayfield, Ohio. The company insures passenger vehicles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles (RVs), trailers, boats, personal water craft (PWC), and commercial vehicles. Progressive also provides home, life, pet, and other types of insurance through select c...

What changed in Progressive Corporation's 10-K — 2022 vs 2023

Top changes in Progressive Corporation's 2023 10-K

210 paragraphs added · 215 removed · 185 edited across 5 sections

Item 1. Business+127 / −129 · 117 edited
Item 1A. Risk Factors+76 / −79 · 61 edited
Item 2. Properties+3 / −3 · 3 edited
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity+3 / −3 · 3 edited
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures+1 / −1 · 1 edited

Item 1. Business

Business — how the company describes what it does

117 edited+10 added−12 removed60 unchanged

2022 filing

2023 filing

New models are typically rolled out on a state-by-state basis and, as a result, we often have more than one product version in the marketplace at a time. Similar to Snapshot in the personal auto business, the Commercial Lines business offers its customers UBI options.

Liability for Property-Casualty Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The consolidated financial statements include the estimated liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE), which include ALAE (e.g., defense and cost containment expenses) and unallocated LAE (e.g., adjusting and other expenses), of our insurance subsidiaries.

Liability for Property-Casualty Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The consolidated financial statements include the estimated liability for unpaid losses and LAE, which include ALAE (e.g., defense and cost containment expenses) and unallocated LAE (e.g., adjusting and other expenses), of our insurance subsidiaries.

We have nine employee resource groups (Progressive African American Network, Asian American Network, Disabilities Awareness Network, Progressive Latin American Networking Association, LGBTQ+ Network, Military Network, Network of Empowering Women, Parent Connection, and Young Professionals Network) that support creation of a space for networking, understanding differences, and sharing experiences.

We have nine employee resource groups (Progressive African American Network, Asian American Network, Disabilities Awareness Network, Progressive Latin American Networking Association, LGBTQ+ Network, Military Network, Network for Empowering Women, Parent Connection, and Young Professionals Network) that support creation of a space for networking, understanding differences, and sharing experiences.

The Commercial Lines business operates in the following commercial auto business market targets: • Business auto – autos, vans, pick-up trucks used by small businesses (e.g., retailing, manufacturing, farming) and for-hire livery (e.g., non-fleet (i.e., five or fewer vehicles) taxis, black-car services, and airport taxis), • For-hire transportation – tractors, trailers, and straight trucks primarily used by regional general freight and expeditor-type businesses and long-haul operators, • Contractor – vans, pick-up trucks, and dump trucks used by light contractors (e.g., painters, plumbers, landscapers), and heavy construction, • For-hire specialty – dump trucks, log trucks, and garbage trucks used by dirt, sand and gravel, logging, garbage/debris removal, and coal-type businesses, and • Tow – tow trucks and wreckers used in towing services and gas/service station businesses.

The Commercial Lines business operates in the following commercial auto business market targets (BMT): • Business auto – autos, vans, pick-up trucks used by small businesses (e.g., retailing, manufacturing, farming) and for-hire livery (e.g., non-fleet (i.e., five or fewer vehicles) taxis, black-car services, and airport taxis), • For-hire transportation – tractors, trailers, and straight trucks primarily used by regional general freight and expeditor-type businesses and long-haul operators, • Contractor – vans, pick-up trucks, and dump trucks used by light contractors (e.g., painters, plumbers, landscapers), and heavy construction, • For-hire specialty – dump trucks, log trucks, and garbage trucks used by dirt, sand and gravel, logging, garbage/debris removal, and coal-type businesses, and • Tow – tow trucks and wreckers used in towing services and gas/service station businesses.

We continue to offer a variety of health and wellness programs accessible to employees working from the office or remotely. We also offer an Employee Assistance Program that provides 24-hour support, flexible work arrangements, and provide paid time off to help our people balance their work and personal lives. - 11 - Available Information Our website is located at progressive.com.

We continue to offer a variety of health and wellness programs accessible to employees working from the office or remotely. We also offer an Employee Assistance Program that provides 24-hour support, flexible work arrangements, and provide paid time off to help our people balance their work and personal lives. Available Information Our website is located at progressive.com.

In many cases, we may offer discounts to incentivize or reward this bundling. • Where available, our special lines products and umbrella insurance can be combined with any of the auto, home, or renters coverages that we offer, in either the Direct or Agency channel. • HomeQuote Explorer ® (HQX) is our multi-carrier, direct-to-consumers online property offering.

In many cases, we may offer discounts to incentivize or reward this bundling. • Where available, our special lines products and umbrella insurance can be combined with any of the personal auto, home, or renters coverages that we offer, in either the Direct or Agency channel. • HomeQuote Explorer ® (HQX) is our multi-carrier, direct-to-consumers online property offering.

Competitive Factors The insurance markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Property-casualty insurers generally compete on the basis of price, agent commission rates, consumer recognition and confidence, coverages offered and other product features, claims handling, financial stability, customer service, and geographic coverage.

Competitive Factors The insurance markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Property-casualty insurers generally compete on the basis of price, agent commission rates, consumer brand recognition and confidence, coverages offered and other product features, claims handling, financial stability, customer service, and geographic coverage.

Information on our website does not constitute soliciting material and should not be deemed filed or incorporated by reference into any other Progressive filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent we specifically incorporate such information by reference in such a filing.

These reports include: • the insurer’s financial statements under statutory accounting principles, • details concerning claims reserves held by the insurer, • specific investments held by the insurer, and • numerous other disclosures about the insurer’s financial condition and operations. - 7 - Insurance laws and insurance departments also regulate investments that insurers are permitted to make.

These reports include: • the insurer’s financial statements under statutory accounting principles, • details concerning claims reserves held by the insurer, • specific investments held by the insurer, and • numerous other disclosures about the insurer’s financial condition and operations. Insurance laws and insurance departments also regulate investments that insurers are permitted to make.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) We believe that in order to be consumers’, agents’, and business owners’ number one destination for insurance and other financial needs, we need to anticipate and understand the needs of our customers. We seek to be diverse in our employee demographics, experiences, and perspectives.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) We believe that in order to be consumers’, agents’, and business owners’ number one destination for insurance and other financial needs, we need to anticipate and understand the needs of our customers. Therefore, we seek to be diverse in our employee demographics, experiences, and perspectives.

Regulated areas include, among others: • licensing of insurers and agents, • capital and surplus requirements, • statutory accounting principles specific to insurance companies and the content of required financial and other reports, • requirements for establishing insurance reserves, • investments, • acquisitions of insurers and transactions between insurers and their affiliates, • limitations on rates of return or profitability, • rating criteria, rate levels, and rate changes, • insolvencies of insurance companies, • assigned risk programs, • authority to exit a business, and • numerous requirements relating to other areas of insurance operations, including: required coverages, policy forms, policy cancellations and non-renewals, underwriting standards, and claims handling.

Regulated areas include, among others: • licensing of insurers and agents, • capital and surplus requirements, • restrictions on marketing, • statutory accounting principles specific to insurance companies and the content of required financial and other reports, • requirements for establishing insurance reserves, • investments, • acquisitions of insurers and transactions between insurers and their affiliates, • limitations on rates of return or profitability, • rating criteria, rate levels, and rate changes, • insolvencies of insurance companies, • assigned risk programs, • authority to exit a business, and • numerous requirements relating to other areas of insurance operations, including: required coverages, policy forms, policy cancellations and non-renewals, underwriting standards, and claims handling.

Our health and wellness offerings include on-site fitness centers, medical clinics, and healthy seminars. Many of these on-site offerings transitioned to online offerings, such as fitness classes and health discussions, to meet the needs of our employees who are working remotely.

Our health and wellness offerings include on-site fitness centers, medical clinics, and health seminars. Many of these on-site offerings transitioned to online offerings, such as fitness classes and health discussions, to meet the needs of our employees who are working remotely.

Our culture is deeply rooted in our Core Values (Integrity, Golden Rule, Excellence, Objectives, and Profit) and is the foundation for our human capital management strategies to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified employees.

Our commitment to diversity starts at the top with our highly skilled and diverse - 10 - Board of Directors. We are one of the few public companies with a female CEO, as well as a female independent Board Chairperson.

Our commitment to diversity starts at the top with our highly skilled and diverse Board of Directors. We are one of the few public companies with a female CEO, as well as a female independent Board Chairperson.

Although the ratio of written premiums to surplus that the regulators will allow is a function of a number of factors (including applicable law, the type of business being written, the adequacy of the insurer’s reserves, and the quality of the insurer’s assets), the annual net premiums that an insurer may write historically have been perceived to be limited to a specified multiple of the insurer’s total surplus, generally 3 to 1 for property and casualty insurance, which is the target for our vehicle businesses; our Property business maintains a lower premiums-to-surplus ratio.

Although the ratio of written premiums to surplus that the regulators will allow is a function of a number of factors (including applicable laws, the type of business being written, the adequacy of the insurer’s reserves, and the quality of the insurer’s assets), the annual net premiums that an insurer may write historically have been perceived to be limited to a specified multiple of the insurer’s total surplus, generally 3 to 1 for property and casualty insurance, which is generally the target for our vehicle businesses; our Property business maintains a lower premiums-to-surplus ratio.

We provide ethics training, as well as regular communications, video series, and outside speakers presenting themes such as Celebrate Disagreement and Courage at our Core, to emphasize our commitment to our ethical and legal responsibilities.

We provide ethics training, as well as regular communications, video series, and outside speakers presenting themes such as Celebrate Disagreement, Core Conversations, and Courage at our Core, to emphasize our commitment to our ethical and legal responsibilities.

Our 2022 engagement and culture survey results placed us in the top 5% of all companies using the survey, which is designed by a nationally-known third party and administered in like form to over 1,000 employers in the United States. We use the results, along with other information, to evaluate our human capital strategies and the health of our culture.

Our 2023 engagement and culture survey results placed us in the top 5% of all companies using the survey, which is designed by a nationally-known third party and administered in like form to over 1,000 employers in the United States. We use the results, along with other information, to evaluate our human capital strategies and the health of our culture.

This business generally offers more than one program in a single state, with each program targeted to a specific distribution channel, market, or customer group. As of December 31, 2022, we wrote our Personal Lines products in all states, however, our special lines products are not written in the District of Columbia.

This business generally offers more than one program in a single state, with each program targeted to a specific distribution channel, market, or customer group. As of December 31, 2023, we wrote our Personal Lines products in all states, however, our special lines products are not written in the District of Columbia.

RBC is determined by a series of dynamic surplus-related formulas that contain a variety of factors that are applied to financial balances based on the degree of certain risks, such as asset, credit, and underwriting risks. At December 31, 2022, our RBC ratios were in excess of minimum requirements.

RBC is determined by a series of dynamic surplus-related formulas that contain a variety of factors that are applied to financial balances based on the degree of certain risks, such as asset, credit, and underwriting risks. At December 31, 2023, our RBC ratios were in excess of minimum requirements.

In general, we retain approximately $1.4 million per occurrence on workers’ compensation through the use of excess of loss and quota-share reinsurance. For our TNC product, the amounts ceded vary by state. A portion of the quota-share reinsurance contract is written through reinsurers that are owned by the TNC company.

In general, we retain approximately $1.3 million per occurrence on workers’ compensation through the use of excess of loss and quota-share reinsurance. For our TNC product, the amounts ceded vary by state. A portion of the quota-share reinsurance contract is written through reinsurers that are owned by the TNC company.

Description of Business Organization Our executive group oversees the business and corporate functions that support all areas of our organization and consists of the following: Chief Executive Officer • Chief Financial Officer • Personal Lines President • Chief Investment Officer • Property General Manager • Chief Human Resources Officer • Commercial Lines President • Chief Information Officer • Claims President • Chief Legal Officer • Customer Relationship • Chief Marketing Officer Management President • Chief Strategy Officer Our insurance and claims organizations are generally managed on a state-by-state basis due to the nature of insurance, legal and regulatory requirements, and other local factors, and are supplemented by national operations and supported by our corporate functions.

Description of Business Organization The management team that oversees the business and corporate functions that support all areas of our organization consists of the following: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) • Chief Financial Officer • Personal Lines President • Chief Investment Officer • Property General Manager • Chief Human Resources Officer • Commercial Lines President • Chief Information Officer • Claims President • Chief Legal Officer • Customer Relationship • Chief Marketing Officer Management President • Chief Strategy Officer Our insurance and claims organizations are generally managed on a state-by-state basis due to the nature of insurance, legal and regulatory requirements, and other local factors, and are supplemented by national operations and supported by our corporate functions.

Portfolio is available for all agents appointed to write new business where we offer Property products. - 2 - • In the Direct channel, we bundle Progressive auto with Property products in almost all states, as well as with homeowners and renters products provided by unaffiliated insurance carriers nationwide.

Portfolio is available for all agents appointed to write new business where we offer Property products. - 2 - • In the Direct channel, we bundle Progressive personal auto with our Property products in almost all states, as well as with homeowners and renters products provided by unaffiliated insurance carriers nationwide.

Our Personal Lines strategy is to be a competitively priced provider of a broad range of personal auto and special lines insurance products with distinctive service, distributed through whichever channel the customer prefers, and combined with property insurance and other products when appropriate to match our customers’ needs.

Our Personal Lines strategy is to be a competitively priced provider of a broad range of personal auto and special lines insurance products with distinctive service, distributed through whichever channel the customer prefers, and bundled with property insurance and other products when appropriate to match our customers’ needs.

For securities related to our investment portfolios, total investment income includes interest and dividends, net realized gains (losses) on securities sold, and net holding period gains (losses) on securities (composed primarily of valuation changes on equity securities).

For securities related to our investment portfolios, total investment income includes interest, dividends, accretion, amortization, net realized gains (losses) on securities sold, and net holding period gains (losses) on securities (composed primarily of valuation changes on equity securities).

Some of the patents we currently hold include a usage-based insurance patent (expiring in 2024 or after), two patents on the Name Your Price ® functionality on our website (expiring in 2028 or after), three multi-product quoting patents (expiring in 2032 or after), three patents for our implementation of a mobile insurance platform and architecture (expiring in 2032 or after), a patent on our system of providing customized insurance quotes based on a user’s price and/or coverage preferences (expiring in 2033 or after), two patents for our loyalty call routing system (expiring in 2033 or after), a patent for a multivariate predictive system that processes usage-based data (expiring in 2035 or after), three patents for the implementation of chatbots in online quoting and servicing (expiring in 2038 or after), two patents for our Commercial Lines business classification system (expiring in 2039 or after), and two patents for our automated document classification system (expiring 2040 or after).

Some of the patents we currently hold include a usage-based insurance patent (expiring in 2024 or after), two patents on the Name Your Price ® functionality on our website (expiring in 2028 or after), three multi-product quoting patents (expiring in 2032 or after), three patents for our implementation of a mobile insurance platform and architecture (expiring in 2032 or after), a patent on our system of providing customized insurance quotes based on a user’s price and/or coverage preferences (expiring in 2033 or after), two patents for our loyalty call routing system (expiring in 2033 or after), a patent for a multivariate predictive system that processes usage-based data (expiring in 2035 or after), four patents for the implementation of chatbots in online quoting and servicing (expiring in 2038 or after), two patents for our Commercial Lines business classification system (expiring in 2039 or after), three patents for - 6 - our automated document classification system (expiring 2040 or after), and one patent for embedded quoting (expiring in 2043 or after).

Our list of unaffiliated company products includes items such as classic and specialty car, pet, health, life, electronics, travel, and event insurance. Commercial Lines The Commercial Lines segment writes auto-related liability and physical damage insurance, business-related general liability and property insurance predominately for small businesses, and workers’ compensation insurance primarily for the transportation industry.

Our list of unaffiliated company products includes items such as pet health, life, and classic and specialty car insurance. Commercial Lines The Commercial Lines segment writes auto-related liability and physical damage insurance, business-related general liability and property insurance predominately for small businesses, and workers’ compensation insurance primarily for the transportation industry.

This program combines our auto and home insurance with the compensation, coordinated policy periods, single event deductible, and other features that meet the needs and desires that our agents have expressed.

This program combines our auto and Property insurance with the compensation, coordinated policy periods, single event deductible, and other features that meet the needs and desires that our agents have expressed.

We also act as a participant in the “Write Your Own” program for the National Flood Insurance Program under which we write flood insurance in virtually all states; 100% of this business is reinsured. Our Property business accounted for 5% of our total net premiums written in 2022, 2021, and 2020.

We also act as a participant in the “Write Your Own” program for the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) under which we write flood insurance in virtually all states; 100% of this business is reinsured with the NFIP. Our Property business accounted for 5% of our total net premiums written in 2023, 2022, and 2021.

We have a substantial amount of “know-how” developed from years of experience with usage-based insurance, and from analyzing the data from over 48 billion driving miles derived from our usage-based devices and our mobile app. We believe this intellectual property provides us with a competitive advantage in the usage-based insurance market.

We have a substantial amount of “know-how” developed from years of experience with usage-based insurance, and from analyzing the data from billions of driving miles derived from our usage-based devices and our mobile app. We believe this intellectual property provides us with a competitive advantage in the usage-based insurance market.

Reinsurance Our reinsurance activity includes both transactions which are regulated and those that are non-regulated (e.g., voluntary). The regulated programs include several mandatory state pools, such as the Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association, Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund, and North Carolina Reinsurance Facility, as well as other reinsurance facilities required by specific states for various lines of business.

Reinsurance Our reinsurance activity includes both transactions which are regulated and those that are non-regulated. The regulated programs include several mandatory state pools, such as the Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association, Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (FHCF), and North Carolina Reinsurance Facility, as well as the NFIP and other reinsurance facilities required by specific states for various lines of business.

Our insurance subsidiaries provide personal and commercial auto insurance, personal residential and commercial property insurance, workers’ compensation insurance primarily for the transportation industry, business-related general liability insurance, and other specialty property-casualty insurance and related services. Our non-insurance subsidiaries generally support our insurance and investment operations. We operate throughout the United States.

Our insurance subsidiaries write personal and commercial auto insurance, personal residential property insurance, business-related general liability and commercial property insurance predominantly for small businesses, workers’ compensation insurance primarily for the transportation industry, and other specialty property-casualty insurance and provide related services. Our non-insurance subsidiaries generally support our insurance and investment operations. We operate throughout the United States.

In addition, from June 1, 2022, through December 31, 2022, we had shared limit coverage in our reinsurance program that provided $100 million of coverage for named storms (hurricanes and tropical storms as designated by the U.S. National Weather Service).

In addition, from June 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, we had shared limit coverage in our reinsurance program that provided $125 million of coverage for named storms (hurricanes and tropical storms as designated by the U.S. National Weather Service).

The total net premiums written through the Agency channel represented 47% of our Personal Lines volume in 2022, and 48% in both 2021 and 2020. • The Direct business includes business written directly by us on the Internet, through the Progressive mobile app, and over the phone.

The total net premiums written through the Agency channel represented 46% of our Personal Lines volume in 2023, 47% in 2022, and 48% in 2021. • The Direct business includes business written directly by us on the Internet, through the Progressive mobile app, and over the phone.

In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we had access to $4.4 billion of securities held in a non-insurance subsidiary, portions of which could be contributed to the capital of our insurance subsidiaries to support growth or for other purposes.

In addition, as of - 7 - December 31, 2023, we had access to $4.2 billion of securities held in a non-insurance subsidiary, portions of which could be contributed to the capital of our insurance subsidiaries to support growth or for other purposes.

We offer home, condominium, and renters insurance, among other products, written by unaffiliated insurance companies in the continental United States in the direct channel. We also offer our customers the ability to package their commercial auto coverage with other commercial coverages that are written by unaffiliated insurance companies.

We offer home, condominium, and renters insurance, among other products, written by unaffiliated insurance companies in almost all states in the direct channel. We also offer our customers the ability to package their commercial auto coverage with other commercial coverages that are written by unaffiliated insurance companies.

We continue to provide customers in both the Agency and Direct channels the opportunity to improve their auto insurance rates based on their personal driving behavior through Snapshot ® , our usage-based insurance (UBI) program. We offer Snapshot through our hardware-based and/or mobile-app versions in all states, other than California.

Moreover, our professional development program, “Own It,” encourages employees to take control of their career through team-building exercises, coaching techniques, and communication strategies. Available to new and tenured employees, our learning solutions are tailored to both individual contributors and leaders and cover a broad swath of skills and competencies.

Moreover, our professional development program, “Career Central,” encourages employees to take control of their career through team-building exercises, coaching techniques, and communication strategies. Available to new and tenured employees, our learning solutions are tailored to both individual contributors and leaders and cover a broad - 10 - swath of skills and competencies.

At any one time, we could have multiple product models in the marketplace as new versions are being rolled out from state to state. Such new product models generally introduce new risk variables intended to improve its accuracy of matching rate to risk, increase our competitiveness, or make our products more attractive to specific market segments, among other enhancements.

At any one time, we could have multiple product models in the marketplace, as new versions are rolled out on a state-by-state basis. Such new product models generally introduce new risk variables intended to improve its accuracy of matching rate to risk, increase our competitiveness, or make our products more attractive to specific market segments, among other enhancements.

Generally, an insurance company is subject to a higher degree of regulation and supervision in its jurisdiction of domicile. Our domestic insurance subsidiaries are domiciled in the states of Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin.

The nature and extent of such regulation and supervision varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Generally, an insurance company is subject to a higher degree of regulation and supervision in its jurisdiction of domicile. Our domestic insurance subsidiaries are domiciled in the states of Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin.

Except as expressly noted herein, the information on this website does not incorporate by reference in, and does not form part of, this Form 10-K.

Except as expressly noted herein, the information on this website is not incorporated by reference in, and does not form part of, this Form 10-K.

The Personal Lines business accounted for 77% of our total net premiums written in 2022, 78% in 2021, and 82% in 2020. The Personal Lines segment consists of personal auto and special lines products. • Personal auto insurance represented approximately 94% of our total Personal Lines net premiums written in 2022, 2021, and 2020.

The Personal Lines business accounted for 79% of our total net premiums written in 2023, 77% in 2022, and 78% in 2021. The Personal Lines segment consists of personal auto and special lines products. • Personal auto insurance represented approximately 94% of our total Personal Lines net premiums written in 2023, 2022, and 2021.

There are approximately 370 competitors in the homeowners insurance market nationwide and we compete with many of these companies. Progressive and the other leading 25 large companies/groups, each with over $800 million of premiums written annually, comprise 77% of the market. As discussed above, our Property business is an important component of our Destination Era strategy.

There are approximately 365 competitors in the homeowners insurance market nationwide and we compete with many of these companies. Progressive and the other leading 27 large companies/groups, each with over $800 million of premiums written annually, comprise about 80% of the market. As discussed above, our Property business is an important component of our Destination Era strategy.

The Commercial Lines business accounted for 18% of our total net premiums written in 2022, 17% in 2021, and 13% in 2020. In 2021, we acquired Protective Insurance Corporation and subsidiaries (Protective Insurance) to expand our portfolio of offerings to larger fleet, workers’ compensation coverage for trucking, along with trucking industry independent contractors, and affinity programs.

We expanded our portfolio of offerings to larger fleet, workers’ compensation coverage for trucking, along with trucking industry independent contractors, and affinity programs in 2021, when we acquired Protective Insurance Corporation and subsidiaries (Protective Insurance). The Commercial Lines business accounted for 16% of our total net premiums written in 2023, 18% in 2022, and 17% in 2021.

Demographic Data We publish employee and manager demographic information on our DEI website and update this data on an annual basis.

Demographic Data We publish employee and manager demographic information on our diversity and inclusion website and update this data on an annual basis.

The total net premiums written by the Direct business represented 53% of our Personal Lines volume in 2022, and 52% in both 2021 and 2020.

The total net premiums written by the Direct business represented 54% of our Personal Lines volume in 2023, 53% in 2022, and 52% in 2021.

Outside of our investment portfolio, but reported in impairment losses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, were - 8 - $8.6 million and $5.0 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses resulting from renewable energy tax credit investments during 2022 and 2021, respectively; no other-than-temporary impairment losses were recognized in 2020.

Outside of our investment portfolio, but reported in impairment losses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, were $9.0 million, $8.6 million, and $5.0 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses resulting from tax credit investments during 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

In January 2023, the Property business entered into a new aggregate excess of loss program for the 2023 accident year, with the multiple layers providing for a total coverage amount of $185 million for catastrophe event losses and ALAE.

In January 2024, the Property business entered into a new aggregate excess of loss program for claims occurring in 2024, with the multiple layers providing for a total coverage amount of $185 million for catastrophe event losses and ALAE.

Snapshot ProView ® is the UBI program for commercial auto customers without their own electronic logging device. Snapshot ProView allows customers to earn upfront discounts and provides value-added services, like fleet management and personalized tips to encourage safe driving. Both programs are available in almost all states.

Thus, the amount of an insurer’s statutory surplus, in certain cases, may limit its ability to grow its business. At year-end 2022, we had net premiums written of $51.1 billion and statutory surplus of $17.9 billion. The combined premiums-to-surplus ratio for all of our insurance companies was 2.9 to 1.

Thus, the amount of an insurer’s statutory surplus, in certain cases, may limit its ability to grow its business. At year-end 2023, we had net premiums written of $61.6 billion and statutory surplus of $22.2 billion. The combined premiums-to-surplus ratio for all of our insurance companies was 2.8 to 1.

Total investment loss, before expenses and taxes, was $0.7 billion in 2022, compared to investment income of $2.4 billion in 2021, and $2.6 billion in 2020.

Total investment income, before expenses and taxes, was $2.3 billion in 2023, compared to an investment loss of $0.7 billion in 2022, and investment income of $2.4 billion in 2021.

For our Property business, we manage claims through a network of independent claim field adjusters and internal claim representatives managing the overall claims process. As of December 31, 2022, we had about 880 claim employees to handle our Property claims; we plan to continue to increase our internal claims staff in 2023.

For our Property business, we manage claims through a network of independent claim field adjusters and employee claim representatives that manage the overall claims process. As of December 31, 2023, we had about 1,100 claim employees to handle our Property claims; we currently plan to continue to increase our internal claims staff in 2024.

Our efforts focus on four primary objectives, which have been in place for several years: (1) to maintain a fair and inclusive work environment; (2) to reflect the customers we serve; (3) for our leaders to reflect the people they lead; and (4) to contribute to our communities.

We take a holistic approach to DEI guided by four primary objectives, which have been in place for several years: (1) to maintain a fair and inclusive work environment; (2) to reflect the customers we serve; (3) for our leaders to reflect the people they lead; and (4) to contribute to our communities.

Reinsurance recoverables under this arrangement are required by our contracts to be collateralized (i.e., secured by assets held by an independent third party or a letter of credit issued by a commercial bank) at a target of over 100% of the recoverable balance.

Service Businesses Our service businesses, which represent less than 1% of our total revenues and do not have a material effect on our overall operations, primarily include our commission- or fee-based businesses, where we often act as an agent for other insurance companies.

Service Businesses Our service businesses, which represented less than 1% of our total revenues at December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, and did not have a material effect on our overall operations, primarily include our commission- or fee-based businesses, where we often act as an agent for other insurance companies.

Many of our leaders, including most current executive team members, joined Progressive in a more junior position and advanced to significant leadership positions within the organization. In 2022, we filled approximately 68% of our open positions above entry level by promoting from within, including just over 2,000 managerial positions.

Many of our leaders, including nearly all of the executive team members, joined Progressive in a more junior position and advanced to significant leadership positions within the organization. In 2023, we filled over 70% of our open positions above entry level by promoting from within, including just over 2,200 managerial positions.

On a pretax total return basis (i.e., total investment income plus changes in net unrealized gains (losses) on our fixed-maturity securities), our investment portfolio generated an investment loss of $4.3 billion at December 31, 2022, compared to investment income of $1.2 billion and $3.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

On a pretax total return basis (i.e., total investment income plus changes in net unrealized gains (losses) on our fixed-maturity securities), our investment portfolio generated investment income of $3.8 billion in 2023, compared to an investment loss of $4.3 billion in 2022 and investment income of $1.2 billion in 2021.

We also disclose our consolidated EEO-1 data online. • As of December 31, 2022, we had about 55,100 employees of whom 59% were women and 39% were people of color, while women comprised 51.3% and people of color comprised 38.3% of the U.S. workforce (based on data obtained from the U.S.

We also disclose our consolidated EEO-1 data online. • As of December 31, 2023, we had about 61,400 employees of whom 60% were women and 41% were people of color, while women comprised 51% and people of color comprised 39% of the U.S. workforce (based on data obtained from the U.S.

Employee retention is an important part of our strategy. Our annualized employee retention rate for 2022 was 83%, down one point from the prior year, and, as of December 31, 2022, more than 15,000 employees had over 10 years of tenure at the company. Promoting from within is also a key part of our strategy.

Employee retention is an important part of our strategy. Our annualized employee retention rate for 2023 was 86%, up three points from the prior year, and, as of December 31, 2023, more than 16,000 employees had over 10 years of tenure at the company. Promoting from within is also a key part of our strategy.

As of December 31, 2022, we had just over 4,000 Platinum agents. • We offer independent agents an agency quoting system that makes it easier for them to bundle multiple policies with us.

As of December 31, 2023, we had nearly 7,500 Platinum agents. • We offer independent agents an agency quoting system that makes it easier for them to bundle multiple policies with us.

Each aggregate layer is subject to a per occurrence deductible ranging from $2 million to $5 million before each loss could be considered for aggregate retention, and each event is subject to a coverage cap ranging from $95 to $98 million.

Each layer in the 2023 aggregate excess of loss program was subject to a per occurrence deductible ranging from $2 million to $5 million before each loss could be considered for aggregate retention, and each event was subject to a coverage limit ranging from $95 million to $98 million.

We believe these strategies collectively enhance our applicant pools and contribute to our continued success. - 9 - Engage and Retain We understand that engaged employees are more productive, provide better service to our customers, and are more likely to stay with Progressive. Each year, we survey our people to measure their engagement.

Engage and Retain We understand that engaged employees are more productive, provide better service to our customers, and are more likely to stay with Progressive. Each year, we survey our people to measure their engagement.

In addition, our competitive position could be adversely impacted if we sustain security breaches or other “cyber attacks” on our systems or are unable to maintain uninterrupted access to our systems, business functions, and the systems of certain third-party providers. See Item 1A, Risk Factors below for more information.

In addition, our competitive position could be adversely impacted if we, or one of our third-party vendors, experience a cybersecurity attack or incident or we are unable to maintain uninterrupted access to our systems, business functions, and the systems of certain third-party providers. See Item 1A, Risk Factors and Item 1C, Cybersecurity below for more information.

There are approximately 335 competitors in the total U.S. commercial auto market. We primarily compete with about 50 other large companies/groups, each with over $200 million of commercial auto premiums written annually. Progressive and these leading commercial auto insurers comprise 83% of this market.

During 2023, we wrote about 90% of our commercial auto business through the agency channel. There are approximately 340 competitors in the total U.S. commercial auto market. We primarily compete with about 55 other large companies/groups, each with over $200 million of commercial auto premiums written annually. Progressive and these leading commercial auto insurers comprise 85% of this market.

All licenses that are material to our subsidiaries’ businesses are in good standing. - 6 - Insurance Regulation Our insurance subsidiaries are generally subject to regulation and supervision by insurance departments of the jurisdictions in which they are domiciled or licensed to transact business.

Such licenses are normally issued only after the filing of an appropriate application and the satisfaction of prescribed criteria. All licenses that are material to our subsidiaries’ businesses are in good standing. Insurance Regulation Our insurance subsidiaries are generally subject to regulation and supervision by insurance departments of the jurisdictions in which they are domiciled or licensed to transact business.

Our principal investment goals are to manage our portfolio on a total return basis to support all of the insurance premiums that we can profitably write and contribute to our comprehensive income.

Our fixed-maturity securities, short-term investments, and nonredeemable preferred stocks are collectively referred to as fixed-income securities. Our principal investment goals are to manage our portfolio on a total return basis to support all of the insurance premiums that we can profitably write and contribute to our comprehensive income.

We receive commissions for the policies written under this program and allocate marketing and other administration costs associated with maintaining these programs. Service revenues also included business related to the CAIP plans.

We receive commissions for the policies written under this program and allocate marketing and other administration costs associated with maintaining these programs.

Our CAIP service contract expired in August 2022 and we did not renew the contract. The expiration of our participation as a CAIP service provider does not materially affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

The expiration of our participation as a CAIP service provider did not materially affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Census Bureau's Current Population Survey, November 2022). • During 2022, we hired more than 15,100 new employees of whom 68% were women and 55% were people of color, representing about 1.9% of the total applicants for a job at Progressive. • During 2022, our employees promoted into management positions were more gender and racially diverse than our management population during 2021.

Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey, November 2023). • During 2023, we hired more than 14,600 new employees of whom 67% were women and 56% were people of color, representing about 1.7% of the total applicants for a job at Progressive. • During 2023, of our employees promoted into management positions, 55% were women and 32% were people of color.

Credit and Other Financial Risks below and Note 7 – Reinsurance in our Annual Report for more information. - 5 - Claims Our employees handle nearly all of our Personal and Commercial Lines claims from either physical claims offices throughout the United States or through a virtual environment, and are supported by centralized functions at our corporate offices and a nationwide network of nearly 2,600 third-party repair shops.

Claims Our employees handle nearly all of our Personal and Commercial Lines claims from either physical claims offices throughout the United States or through a virtual environment, and are supported by centralized functions at our corporate offices and a nationwide network of nearly 3,600 third-party repair shops.

As part of the Commercial Lines program, we also have excess of loss reinsurance agreements for higher-limit commercial auto liability, and certain BOP and workers’ compensation coverages, which reinsures a portion of loss above a retention threshold.

Under each agreement, we cede a portion of premiums, losses, and, in most cases, loss adjustment expenses (LAE). As part of the Commercial Lines program, we also have excess of loss reinsurance agreements for higher-limit commercial auto liability, and certain BOP and workers’ compensation product coverages, which reinsure a portion of loss above a retention threshold.

We support DEI awareness among our employees through formal training sessions and workshops focused on building our overall awareness and individual competencies to address difficult topics such as racial inequality, micro-inequities, and unconscious biases.

We're committed to creating an environment where all our people feel welcomed, valued, and respected, and we integrate DEI into our workplace. We support DEI awareness among our employees through formal training sessions and workshops focused on building our overall awareness and individual competencies to address difficult topics such as racial inequality, micro-inequities, and unconscious biases.

Our DEI efforts are overseen by our Compensation Committee on behalf of the entire Board of Directors, and those efforts are implemented at all levels of the organization.

Our DEI efforts are overseen by our Compensation Committee on behalf of the entire Board of Directors, and those efforts are implemented at all levels of the organization. For Progressive, DEI is not just a program, initiative, or singular goal.

As one of the 15 largest homeowners carriers in the U.S. based on 2021 premiums written, we specialize in residential property insurance for homeowners, other property owners, and renters, as well as insurance for manufactured homes, personal umbrella insurance, and primary and excess flood insurance.

We specialize in residential property insurance for homeowners, other property owners, and renters, as well as insurance for manufactured homes, personal umbrella insurance, and primary and excess flood insurance. We were the tenth largest homeowners carrier in the U.S., based on 2022 premiums written, and we estimate that we retained this ranking for 2023.

Under the 2022 occurrence excess of loss reinsurance, we are responsible for the first $200 million of losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses (ALAE) for the first event. We may be responsible for additional losses if we experience more than two such events or if claims incurred exceed the maximum coverage limits of the reinsurance that is then in place.

We may be responsible for additional losses if we experience more than two such events or if claims incurred exceed the maximum coverage limits of the reinsurance that is then in place.

This reinsurance arrangement can, depending on the circumstances, provide additional coverage for a significant covered event, or provide coverage for aggregate losses under our occurrence retention. During 2022, we ceded no losses under this “hurricane season” coverage. We have renewed this coverage from June 1 through December 31, 2023 (i.e., the 2023 hurricane season) for $125 million of coverage.

This reinsurance arrangement can, depending on the circumstances, provide additional coverage for a significant covered event, or provide coverage for aggregate losses under our occurrence excess of loss retention. During 2023, we ceded no losses under this “hurricane season” coverage.

Our Commercial Lines business ranked number one in the commercial auto insurance market for 2021 based on premiums written, and we believe that we continued to hold that position for 2022.

Progressive ranked number one in the U.S. commercial auto insurance market based on 2022 premiums written. We have been the number one commercial auto insurer since 2015, and we believe that we continued to hold that position for 2023.

We will continue to balance our ability to assume more risk with the availability and costs of various types of reinsurance contracts. See Item 1A, Risk Factors – II. Insurance Risks and – VI.

Program Evaluation We evaluate our reinsurance programs during our renewal discussions, if not more frequently, to ensure they continue to effectively address the company’s risk tolerance. We will continue to balance our ability to assume more risk with the availability and costs of various types of reinsurance contracts. See Item 1A, Risk Factors – II. Insurance Risks and – VI.

In addition, we have elected to participate in the Florida Reinsurance to Assist Policyholders Program for 2023. All of these programs are governed by the individual state's insurance regulations. Our non-regulated arrangements reinsure activities in our Property business and our Commercial Lines business.

In addition, we participated in the Florida Reinsurance to Assist Policyholders Program (RAP) for 2023. All of these programs are governed by the individual state’s insurance regulations. Our non-regulated transactions represent voluntary external reinsurance arrangements related to portions of our Property and Commercial Lines businesses; we do not reinsure our Personal Lines business outside of the regulated programs discussed above.

Our updated auto product models, discussed above, often also include Snapshot enhancements intended to improve its accuracy and competitiveness and broaden its applicability. Our Personal Lines business is focused on efforts to form deeper and longer-term relationships with our customers through our Destination Era strategy, which supports the pursuit of our vision described above.

Our Personal Lines business is focused on efforts to form deeper and longer-term relationships with our customers through our Destination Era strategy, which supports the pursuit of our vision described above.

During 2022, we continued to expand the availability of the online buy button, which was active in all states where we write Property products via HQX by the end of 2022. • As we increase our penetration of the more complex, multi-product customers who are critical to our Destination Era success, we are further expanding the roster of products provided by unaffiliated companies that we make available through online and telephonic referrals and for which we receive commissions, or other compensation, that are reported as service revenues.

Through HQX, consumers are able to quickly and easily quote and compare homeowners insurance online from Progressive and other carriers, with the HQX online buy button available in almost every state. • As we increase our penetration of the more complex, multi-product customers who are critical to our Destination Era success, we are further expanding the roster of products provided by unaffiliated companies that we make available through online and telephonic referrals and for which we receive commissions, or other compensation, that are reported as service revenues.

… 59 more changes not shown on this page.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors — what could go wrong, per management

61 edited+15 added−18 removed129 unchanged

2022 filing

2023 filing

We are subject to a variety of complex laws and regulations. Our insurance businesses operate in highly regulated environments. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision by state insurance departments in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Bermuda, Canada, its provinces, and Puerto Rico. Each jurisdiction has a unique and complex set of laws and regulations.

We are subject to a variety of complex laws and regulations. Our insurance businesses operate in highly regulated environments. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision by state insurance departments in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, and Canada and its provinces. Each jurisdiction has a unique and complex set of laws and regulations.

Our ability to price accurately is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation: • the availability of sufficient, reliable data • our ability to conduct a complete and accurate analysis of available data • uncertainties inherent in estimates and assumptions, generally • our ability to timely recognize changes in trends and to predict both the severity and frequency of future losses with reasonable accuracy • our ability to predict changes in operating expenses with reasonable accuracy • our ability to reflect changes in reinsurance costs in a timely manner • the development, selection, and application of appropriate rating formulae or other pricing methodologies • our ability to innovate with new pricing strategies and the success of those strategies • our ability to implement rate changes and obtain any required regulatory approvals on a timely basis • our ability to predict policyholder retention accurately • unanticipated court decisions, legislation, or regulatory actions • the frequency, severity, duration, and geographic location and scope of severe weather and other catastrophe events, which may be becoming more severe and less predictable as a result of climate change • our ability to understand the impact of ongoing changes in our claim settlement practices • changing vehicle usage and driving patterns, which may be influenced by epidemics, pandemics, other widespread health risks or changes in oil and gas prices among other factors, changes in residential occupancy patterns, and the sharing economy • advancements in vehicle or home technology or safety features, such as accident and loss prevention technologies or the development of autonomous or partially autonomous vehicles • unexpected changes in the medical sector of the economy, including medical costs and systemic changes resulting from national or state health care laws or regulations • unforeseen disruptive technologies and events • the ability to understand the risk profile of significant customers, such as transportation network companies • unanticipated changes in auto repair costs, auto parts prices, used car prices, or construction requirements or labor and materials costs, or the imposition and impacts of tariffs We are seeing new insurance regulations, various legislative and regulatory challenges, political initiatives, and other societal pressures that seek to limit or prohibit the use of specific rating factors in insurance policy pricing such as credit, education, and occupation.

Our ability to price accurately is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation: • the availability of sufficient, reliable data • our ability to conduct a complete and accurate analysis of available data • uncertainties inherent in estimates and assumptions, generally - 13 - • our ability to timely recognize changes in trends and to predict both the severity and frequency of future losses with reasonable accuracy • our ability to predict changes in operating expenses with reasonable accuracy • our ability to reflect changes in reinsurance costs in a timely manner • the development, selection, and application of appropriate rating formulae or other pricing methodologies • our ability to innovate with new pricing strategies and the success of those strategies • our ability to implement rate changes and obtain any required regulatory approvals on a timely basis • our ability to predict policyholder retention accurately • unanticipated court decisions, legislation, or regulatory actions • the frequency, severity, duration, and geographic location and scope of severe weather, and other catastrophe events, which may be becoming more severe and less predictable as a result of climate change • our ability to understand the impact of ongoing changes in our claim settlement practices • changing vehicle usage and driving patterns, which may be influenced by epidemics, pandemics, other widespread health risks, or changes in oil and gas prices, among other factors, changes in residential occupancy patterns, and the sharing economy • advancements in vehicle or home technology or safety features, such as accident and loss prevention technologies or the development of autonomous or partially autonomous vehicles • unexpected changes in the medical sector of the economy, including medical costs and systemic changes resulting from national or state health care laws or regulations • unforeseen disruptive technologies and events • the ability to understand the risk profile of significant customers, such as transportation network companies • unanticipated changes in auto repair costs, auto parts prices, used car prices, or construction requirements or labor and materials costs, or the imposition and impacts of tariffs We are seeing new insurance regulations, various legislative and regulatory challenges, political initiatives, and other societal pressures that seek to limit or prohibit the use of specific rating factors in insurance policy pricing such as credit, education, and occupation.

There is inherent uncertainty in the process of establishing property and casualty insurance loss reserves, which can arise from a number of factors which are, or can be, affected by both internal and external events including: • the availability of sufficient, reliable data • the difficulty in predicting the rate and direction of changes in frequency and severity trends, including the effects of inflationary pressures or other factors, for multiple products in multiple markets • unexpected changes in medical costs, auto repair costs, or the costs of construction labor and materials, and the imposition and impacts of tariffs • labor shortages, which can impact loss expenses directly through higher labor costs, and indirectly through delays in services and through lower quality, as companies hire less experienced workers, to perform services • unanticipated changes in governing statutes and regulations • new or changing interpretations of insurance policy provisions and coverage-related issues by courts • the effects of changes in our claims settlement practices • our ability to recognize fraudulent or inflated claims • the accuracy of our estimates regarding claims that have been incurred but not recorded as of the date of the financial statements, including those arising from severe weather or other catastrophe events • the accuracy and adequacy of actuarial techniques and databases used in estimating loss reserves • the accuracy of the modeling tools that we use, which rely on the assumption that past loss development patterns will persist into the future • the accuracy and timeliness of our estimates of loss and loss adjustment expenses as determined for different categories of claims The ultimate paid losses and loss adjustment expenses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from point-in-time estimates of such losses and expenses, as reflected in the loss reserves included in our financial statements.

There is inherent uncertainty in the process of establishing property and casualty insurance loss reserves, which can arise from a number of factors which are, or can be, affected by both internal and external events including: • the availability of sufficient, reliable data • the difficulty in predicting the rate and direction of changes in frequency and severity trends, including the effects of inflationary pressures or other factors, for multiple products in multiple markets • unexpected changes in medical costs, auto repair costs, or the costs of construction labor and materials, and the imposition and impacts of tariffs • labor shortages, which can impact loss expenses directly through higher labor costs, and indirectly through delays in services and through lower quality, as companies hire less experienced workers, to perform services • unanticipated changes in governing statutes and regulations • new or changing interpretations of insurance policy provisions and coverage-related issues by courts • the effects of changes in our claims settlement practices • our ability to recognize fraudulent or inflated claims • the accuracy of our estimates regarding claims that have been incurred but not recorded as of the date of the financial statements, including those arising from severe weather or other catastrophe events • the accuracy and adequacy of actuarial techniques and databases used in estimating loss reserves - 14 - • the accuracy of the modeling tools that we use, which rely on the assumption that past loss development patterns will persist into the future • the accuracy and timeliness of our estimates of loss and loss adjustment expenses as determined for different categories of claims The ultimate paid losses and loss adjustment expenses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from point-in-time estimates of such losses and expenses, as reflected in the loss reserves included in our financial statements.

Our ability to do so may be impaired as a result of litigation against us, other judicial decisions, legislation or regulations, or other factors in the employment marketplace, as well as our failure to recognize and respond to changing trends and other circumstances that affect our employees or our culture, including any impact arising from an increase in remote workers relative to historic levels.

Any disruption in the functioning of those markets or in our ability to liquidate investments or specific categories of investments on favorable terms when desired, or a default by the United States in its obligations, could impair our ability to pay claims or other financial obligations when due and could result in a significant decline in the value of our investment portfolio and have a material adverse impact on our cash flows and capital position.

We might also be faced with an unexpected surge in new business from a failed insurer’s former policyholders. Such events could materially adversely affect our financial results, brand, and future business prospects. Our success depends on our ability to adjust claims accurately. We must accurately evaluate and pay claims that are made under our insurance policies.

We might also be faced with an unexpected surge in new business from a failed insurer’s former policyholders. Such events could materially adversely affect our financial results, brand, and future business prospects. - 19 - Our success depends on our ability to adjust claims accurately. We must accurately evaluate and pay claims that are made under our insurance policies.

In addition, The Progressive Corporation and its subsidiaries could face individual and class action lawsuits by insureds and other parties for alleged violations of certain of these laws or regulations. New legislation or regulations may be adopted in the future that could materially adversely affect our operations or ability to write business profitably in one or more jurisdictions.

In addition, The Progressive Corporation and its subsidiaries could face individual and class action lawsuits by insureds and other parties for alleged violations of certain of these laws or regulations. - 20 - New legislation or regulations may be adopted in the future that could materially adversely affect our operations or ability to write business profitably in one or more jurisdictions.

Perceptions of our company by other businesses and consumers could also be significantly impaired. In addition, from time to time we may enter into certain derivative transactions providing that a downgrade could trigger contractual obligations requiring us to post substantial amounts of additional collateral or allow a third party to liquidate the derivative transaction.

Perceptions of our company by other businesses and consumers could also be significantly impaired. In - 24 - addition, from time to time we may enter into certain derivative transactions providing that a downgrade could trigger contractual obligations requiring us to post substantial amounts of additional collateral or allow a third party to liquidate the derivative transaction.

Depending on how observers view our responses or our commitment to addressing such matters, we could be subject to criticism, adverse publicity, or campaigns, among other actions, by investors, activists, or others. Consequently, such factors and the related tradeoffs may adversely affect our financial performance or the market prices of our equity or debt securities.

Depending on how - 25 - observers view our responses or our commitment to addressing such matters, we could be subject to criticism, adverse publicity, or campaigns, among other actions, by investors, activists, or others. Consequently, such factors and the related tradeoffs may adversely affect our financial performance or the market prices of our equity or debt securities.

The value of securities held in our portfolio could be materially adversely impacted as issuers or the businesses or assets underlying such securities are faced with new, potentially conflicting, laws or regulations or initiatives by regulators, investors, activists, or others, including those addressing ESG, sustainability and other public policy concerns.

Depending on the impact of any of these factors, we may not be able to obtain reinsurance coverage in the future at all or with commercially reasonable rates, terms and conditions. The unavailability and/or increased cost of reinsurance could adversely affect our business volume, profitability, or financial condition. III.

Depending on the impact of any of these factors, we may not be able to obtain reinsurance coverage in the future at all or with commercially reasonable rates, terms, and conditions. The unavailability and/or increased cost of reinsurance could adversely affect our business volume, profitability, or financial condition. - 15 - III.

In such events, the productivity of our workers and the efficiency of our operations could be adversely affected, which could lead to an erosion of our operating performance and margins. Misconduct or fraudulent acts by employees, agents, and third parties may expose us to financial loss, disruption of business, and/or regulatory assessments.

In such events, the productivity of our workers and the efficiency of our operations could be adversely affected, which could lead to an erosion of our operating performance and margins. - 18 - Misconduct or fraudulent acts by employees, agents, and third parties may expose us to financial loss, disruption of business, and/or regulatory assessments.

Similarly, we could also face pressures from other stakeholders that seek to influence our investment decisions. These factors could cause a decline in the value of investments held in our portfolio, or cause us to change our investment strategy, which could increase our costs or reduce our returns relative to returns from other available investment opportunities.

Many of our competitors have substantial resources, experienced management, and strong marketing, underwriting, and pricing capabilities. The property and casualty insurance industry is a relatively mature industry, in which brand recognition, marketing skills, innovation, operational effectiveness, pricing, scale, and cost control are major competitive factors.

Many of our competitors have substantial resources, experienced management, and strong marketing, underwriting, pricing, and technological capabilities. The property and casualty insurance industry is a relatively mature industry, in which brand recognition, marketing skills, innovation, operational effectiveness, pricing, scale, and cost control are major competitive factors.

Competitive labor markets can cause increased costs for third-party labor and those increases may be material. - 17 - Our success also depends, in large part, on our ability to maintain and improve the staffing effectiveness and culture that we have developed over the years.

Competitive labor markets can cause increased costs for third-party labor and those increases may be material. Our success also depends, in large part, on our ability to maintain and improve the staffing effectiveness and culture that we have developed over the years.

If we are unable to obtain capital at favorable rates when needed, whether due to our results, volatility or disruptions in debt and equity markets beyond our control, or other reasons, our financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

If we are unable to obtain capital at favorable rates when needed, whether due to our results, volatility, or disruptions, in debt and equity markets due to factors beyond our control, or other reasons, our financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Many of the factors that could lead to the invalidity, challenge, or recapture of tax credits are beyond our control. The inability to realize these tax credits and other tax benefits could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition. - 24 - VII.

In addition, underpricing insurance policies over time could erode the capital position of one or more of our insurance subsidiaries, thereby constraining our ability to write new business. - 13 - Our success depends on our ability to establish accurate loss reserves.

In addition, underpricing insurance policies over time could erode the capital position of one or more of our insurance subsidiaries, thereby constraining our ability to write new business. Our success depends on our ability to establish accurate loss reserves.

This information should be considered carefully together with the other information contained in this report and in the other reports and materials filed by us with the SEC, as well as news releases and other information we publicly disseminate from time to time. - 12 - II.

In addition, laws in certain jurisdictions mandate that insurance companies pay assessments in a number of circumstances, including potentially material assessments to pay claims upon the insolvency of other insurance companies or to cover losses in government-provided insurance programs for high-risk auto and homeowners coverages. These assessments could have a material adverse impact on our profitability.

In addition, laws in certain jurisdictions mandate that insurance companies pay assessments in a number of circumstances, including potentially material assessments to pay claims upon the insolvency of other insurance companies or to cover losses in government-provided insurance programs for high-risk auto and homeowners’ coverages. These assessments could have a material adverse impact on our profitability.

We also use reinsurance contracts to reinsure - 14 - portions of our Commercial Lines businesses, including our workers’ compensation and business owners’ policies and the transportation network company business, as well as our umbrella insurance business. See Item 1, Business – Reinsurance for further discussion.

We also use reinsurance contracts to reinsure portions of our Commercial Lines business, including our workers’ compensation and business owners’ policies and the transportation network company business, as well as our umbrella insurance business. See Item 1, Business – Reinsurance for further discussion.

We cannot predict whether the risks and uncertainties discussed in this section, or other risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial, may develop into actual events and impact our businesses.

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – IV. Results of Operations– Investments in the Annual Report for additional discussion of the composition of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2022, and of the market risks associated with our investment portfolio.

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – IV. Results of Operations– Investments in the Annual Report for additional discussion of the composition of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2023, and of the market risks associated with our investment portfolio.

Our dividend policy may result in varying amounts being paid to our common shareholders, or no payment in some periods, and the dividend policy ultimately may be changed in the discretion of the Board of Directors.

Our dividend policy will likely result in varying amounts being paid to our common shareholders, or no payment in some periods, and the dividend policy ultimately may be changed in the discretion of the Board of Directors.

Third-party risks may include, among other factors, the vendor’s lax security measures, data location uncertainty, and the possibility of data storage in inappropriate jurisdictions where laws or security measures may be inadequate. We undertake substantial efforts to protect our systems and sensitive or confidential information.

Third-party risks may include, among other factors, the vendor’s lax security measures, data location uncertainty, and the possibility of data storage in inappropriate jurisdictions where laws or security measures may be inadequate. We undertake substantial efforts and expend significant resources to protect our systems and sensitive or confidential information.

Our Property business has caused, and is likely to continue to cause, additional volatility in our consolidated results. We currently report earnings and other operating results on a monthly basis. We are undergoing a multi-year financial enterprise resource planning effort to modernize certain of our financial systems and processes.

Our Property business has caused, and is likely to continue to cause, additional volatility in our consolidated results. We currently report earnings and other operating results on a monthly basis. We undertook a multi-year financial enterprise resource planning effort to modernize certain of our financial systems and processes.

We may also be adversely affected in our Commercial Lines business, which represents a significant portion of our growth potential, by trends or events that decrease the demand for services offered by, or decrease the profitability of, the commercial auto market, including trucking businesses and ridesharing services.

Such attacks or actions may include attempts to: • steal, corrupt, or destroy data, including our intellectual property, financial data, or the personal information of our customers, employees, or other individuals • misappropriate funds or extract ransom payments • commit fraud • disrupt or shut down our systems • deny customers, agents, brokers, or others access to our systems • infect our systems with viruses or malware - 15 - Some of our systems rely on third-party vendors, through either a connection to, or an integration with, those third-parties’ systems.

Such attacks or actions may include attempts to: • access our systems • steal, corrupt, or destroy data, including our intellectual property, financial data, or the personal information of our customers, employees, or other individuals • misappropriate funds or extract ransom payments • commit fraud • disrupt or shut down our systems • deny customers, agents, brokers, or others access to our systems • infect our systems with viruses or malware Some of our systems and operations rely on third-party vendors, through either a connection to, or an integration with, those third parties’ systems or contracted personnel.

Our success depends on our ability to attract, develop, compensate, motivate, and retain talented employees, including executives, other key managers, and employees with strong technological, analytical, and other skills and know-how necessary for us to run our insurance businesses, investment operations, and corporate functions, and to assess potential expansion into new products and business areas.

Our success depends on our ability to attract, develop, compensate, motivate, and retain talented employees, including executives, other key managers, and employees with strong technological, analytical, and other skills and know-how necessary for us to run our insurance businesses, investment operations, and corporate functions, assess potential expansion into new products and business areas, and adapt to technological trends in our industry.

As a result, during this period, we expect to modify and limit the content, and potentially the timing and frequency, of public disclosures of our monthly results relative to our historical practice, which could cause additional volatility in our stock price.

As a result, during this period, we will modify and limit the content, and potentially the timing, of public disclosures of our monthly results relative to our historical practice, which could cause additional volatility in our stock price.

Insurance laws and regulations may, among other things, limit an insurer’s ability to underwrite and price risks accurately, prevent the insurer from obtaining timely rate changes to respond to increased or decreased costs, delay or restrict the ability to discontinue or exit unprofitable businesses or jurisdictions, prevent insurers from terminating policies under certain circumstances, dictate or limit the types of investments that an insurance company may hold, and impose specific requirements relating to information technology systems and related cybersecurity risks.

Insurance laws and regulations may, among other things, limit an insurer’s ability to underwrite and price risks accurately, prevent the insurer from obtaining timely rate changes to respond to increased or decreased costs, delay or restrict the ability to discontinue or exit unprofitable businesses or jurisdictions, impose marketing restrictions or requirements related to the use of artificial intelligence and third-party data, prevent insurers from terminating policies under certain circumstances, dictate or limit the types of investments that an insurance company may hold, and impose specific requirements relating to information technology systems and related cybersecurity risks.

The performance of the fixed-income portfolio is subject to a number of risks, including: • Interest rate risk – the risk of adverse changes in the value of fixed-income securities as a result of increases in market interest rates. • Investment credit risk – the risk that the value of certain investments may decrease due to a deterioration in the financial condition, operating performance, or business prospects of, the regulatory environment applicable to, or the liquidity available to, one or more issuers of those securities or, in the case of asset-backed securities, due to the deterioration of the loans or other assets that underlie the securities. • Concentration risk – the risk that the portfolio may be too heavily concentrated in the securities of one or more issuers, sectors, or industries, which could result in a significant decrease in the value of the portfolio in the event of a deterioration of the financial condition or performance of, the regulatory environment applicable to, or outlook for, those issuers, sectors, or industries. • Prepayment or extension risk – applicable to certain securities in the portfolio, such as residential mortgage-backed securities and other bonds with call provisions, prepayment risk is the risk that, as interest rates change, the principal of such securities may be repaid earlier than anticipated, requiring that we reinvest the proceeds at less attractive rates.

Risks associated with these developments include: • our increasing reliance on third-party systems including “cloud computing” environments and software as a service applications • the development of new modes of communication • changing insurance shopping trends • our understanding of the operations and needs of significant customers • challenges in using machine learning and artificial intelligence in our business processes in a responsible, compliant and effective manner • the availability and uses of very large volumes of data (i.e., “big data”) and the challenges relating to analyzing those data sets, including the availability of sufficient internal and external talent that understand and can manage the complexity and related risks Complexity may, among other potential difficulties, create barriers to innovation or the provision of high-quality products and customer and agent experiences with the speed and agility that may be required; require us to modify our business practices, adopt new systems, or replace outdated systems or upgrade systems to enhance the scale, performance or functionality, each at significant expense; and lead to increased difficulty in executing our business strategies.

Risks associated with these developments include: • our increasing reliance on third-party systems including “cloud computing” environments and software as a service applications • the development of new modes of communication • changing insurance shopping trends • our understanding of the operations and needs of significant customers • the availability and uses of very large volumes of data and the challenges relating to analyzing those data sets, including the availability of sufficient internal and external talent that understand and can manage the complexity and related risks Complexity may, among other potential difficulties, create barriers to innovation or the provision of high-quality products and customer and agent experiences with the speed and agility that may be required; require us to modify our business practices, adopt new systems or technology, or replace outdated systems or technology, or upgrade systems or technology to enhance the scale, performance or functionality, each at significant expense; and lead to increased difficulty in executing our business strategies.

For example, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has adopted guiding principles on artificial intelligence, to inform and articulate general expectations for businesses, professionals and stakeholders across the insurance industry as they implement artificial intelligence tools to facilitate operations.

For example, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has adopted guiding principles on AI, as well as a model bulletin, to inform and articulate general expectations for businesses, professionals, and stakeholders across the insurance industry as they implement AI tools to facilitate operations.

This approach may increase the risk of loss, corruption, or unauthorized publication of our information or the confidential information of our customers and employees or other cyber-attack, and although we may review and assess third-party vendor cyber security controls, our efforts may not be successful in preventing or mitigating the effects of such events.

This approach has increased, and may continue to increase, the risk of loss, corruption, or unauthorized access to or publication of our information or the confidential information of our customers and employees or other cyber-attacks, and although we may review and assess third-party vendor cybersecurity controls, our efforts may not be successful in preventing or mitigating the effects of such events.

The negative impacts of these or other events may be aggravated as consumers, regulators, and other stakeholders increase or change their expectations, or adopt conflicting expectations, regarding the conduct of large public companies, environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards, sustainability efforts, and corporate responsibility. Our practices may not change in the particulars or at the rate stakeholders expect.

The negative impacts of these or other events may be aggravated as consumers, regulators, and other stakeholders increase or change their expectations, or adopt conflicting expectations, regarding the conduct of large public companies, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, and sustainability and corporate responsibility efforts. These expectations and standards are continually evolving and not always clear.

Each insurance subsidiary’s ability to pay dividends may be limited by one or more of the following factors: • insurance regulatory authorities require insurance companies to maintain specified minimum levels of statutory capital and surplus • insurance regulations restrict the amounts available for distribution based on either net income or surplus of the insurance company • competitive pressures require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain high financial strength ratings • in certain jurisdictions, prior approval must be obtained from regulatory authorities for the insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to affiliated entities, including the parent holding company - 23 - The terms of our outstanding preferred shares prohibit us from paying a dividend on our common shares in certain circumstances.

Each insurance subsidiary’s ability to pay dividends may be limited by one or more of the following factors: • insurance regulatory authorities require insurance companies to maintain specified minimum levels of statutory capital and surplus • insurance regulations restrict the amounts available for distribution based on either net income or surplus of the insurance company • competitive pressures require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain high financial strength ratings • in certain jurisdictions, prior approval must be obtained from regulatory authorities for the insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to affiliated entities, including the parent holding company If we are unable to obtain capital when necessary to support our business, our financial condition, and our ability to grow could be materially adversely affected.

In addition, we seek to protect the security and confidentiality of information provided to our vendors under cloud computing or other arrangements through appropriate risk evaluation, security and financial due diligence, contracts designed to require high security and confidentiality standards, and review of third-party compliance with the required standards.

Additional litigation may be filed against us in the future challenging similar or other of our business practices or operations.

Certain pending lawsuits are described in Note 12 – Litigation in the Annual Report. Additional litigation may be filed against us in the future challenging similar or other of our business practices or operations.

Our ability to predict future competitive conditions is also constrained as a result. - 18 - The highly competitive nature of the insurance marketplace could result in consolidation within the industry, or in the failure of one or more competitors.

Often, detailed information on our competitors becomes available on a delayed basis, and the nature of the market becomes apparent only in retrospect. Our ability to predict future competitive conditions is also constrained as a result. The highly competitive nature of the insurance marketplace could result in consolidation within the industry, or in the failure of one or more competitors.

Adverse court decisions or significant settlements of pending or future cases could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.

Adverse court decisions, or significant settlements of pending or future cases, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations. For further information on the risks of pending litigation, see Note 12 – Litigation in the Annual Report.

We do not expect that these changes will have a material impact on our reported quarterly and annual results, but they may impact year-over-year comparisons of monthly results during the first twelve months after the changes are implemented.

We do not expect that these changes will have a material impact on our reported quarterly and annual results, but they may impact year-over-year comparisons of monthly results from October 2023 through September 2024.

However, we may not be able to obtain patents on these processes and practices, and defending our patents and other intellectual property rights against challenges, and enforcing and defending our rights, including, if necessary, through litigation, can be time consuming and expensive, and the results are inherently uncertain, which can further complicate business plans. - 21 - Our development and use of new technology, such as generative artificial intelligence, may present additional risks, may not be successful, and could have a material adverse effect on our business .

These impacts may be further complicated such that perceptions are formed through rapid and broad interactions using modern communication and social media tools over which we have no control.

Our practices may not change in the manner or at the rate that our various stakeholders expect. These impacts may be further complicated such that perceptions are formed through rapid and broad interactions using social media and other communication tools over which we have no control.

We must effectively manage complexity as we develop and deliver high-quality products and customer experiences. Ongoing competitive, technological, regulatory, informational, and other developments result in significant levels of complexity in our products and in the systems and processes we use to run our businesses, and the speed of some of these developments may be increasing.

Ongoing competitive, technological, regulatory, informational, and other developments result in significant levels of complexity in our products and in the systems and processes we use to run our businesses, and the speed of some of these developments have increased, and may continue to increase.

While not effective until adopted by a specific state, we expect these guidelines to be adopted by at least some states. In addition, regulators have recently requested information from insurers on their use of algorithms, artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Alaska recently adopted the NAIC model bulletin and, while the model bulletin is only effective as adopted by each specific state, we expect these guidelines to be adopted by at least some additional states. In addition, regulators have recently requested information from insurers on their use of algorithms and AI.

Compliance with these laws and regulations - 19 - will result in increased costs, which may be substantial and may adversely affect our profitability or our ability or desire to grow or operate our business in certain jurisdictions. There has also been increased regulatory scrutiny of the use of “big data” techniques, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

Compliance with these laws and regulations will result in increased costs, which may be substantial and may adversely affect our profitability or our ability or desire to grow or operate our business in certain jurisdictions.

For further information on the risks of pending litigation, see Note 12 – Litigation in the Annual Report. - 20 - Our long-term business strategy and efforts to acquire or develop new products or enter new areas of business may not be successful and may create enhanced risks.

Our long-term business strategy and efforts to acquire or develop new products or enter new areas of business may not be successful and may create enhanced risks.

For example, the Board decided to not declare an annual-variable common share dividend for 2022. The Board retains the discretion to alter our policy or not to pay such dividends at any time.

The Board retains the discretion to alter our policy or not to pay such dividends at any time.

We have experienced incidents in the past, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in preventing future attacks or detecting and stopping them once they have begun. Our business could be significantly damaged by a security breach, data loss or corruption, or cyber-attack.

We, and certain of our third-party vendors, have experienced attacks and incidents in the past, and there can be no assurance that we, or any vendor, will be successful in preventing future attacks or incidents or detecting and stopping them once they have begun.

I t is likely that we will be subject to new regulations that could materially adversely affect our operations or ability to write business profitably in one or more jurisdictions.

Additionally, it is likely that we will be subject to new AI-focused regulations that could impose varied compliance and reporting requirements and challenges that could impact our operations or ability to write business profitably in one or more jurisdictions.

Our ability to develop and implement innovative products and services, which may include technological advances, that are accepted and valued by our customers and independent agents is critical to maintaining and enhancing our competitive position. - 16 - Innovations must be implemented in compliance with applicable insurance regulations and may require extensive modifications to our systems and processes and extensive coordination with and reliance on the systems of third parties.

Standard & Poor’s is considering changes to its process for credit ratings for the insurance industry, and we are unable to predict the impact to our credit ratings or our ability to raise capital at favorable rates, of any change that they may ultimately adopt.

Various rating agencies may change their processes for credit ratings for the insurance industry, including changes to their approach to assessing capital adequacy, the creditworthiness of issuers of certain fixed-income securities, or the equity capital content of certain non-debt securities, and we are unable to predict the impact to our credit ratings or our ability to raise capital at favorable rates, of any change that they may ultimately adopt.

Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected by epidemics, pandemics, or other widespread health risks, including COVID-19.

Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected by epidemics, pandemics, or other widespread health risks. Beginning with its emergence in 2020, COVID-19 increased many of the risks described above and impacted our business, operations, and financial results in a number of ways.

In addition, innovations by competitors or other market participants may increase the level of competition in the industry. If we fail to respond appropriately in a timely manner to those innovations and also to the evolving customer preferences, our competitive position and results may be materially adversely affected.

If we fail to respond appropriately in a timely manner to those innovations and also to the evolving customer preferences, our competitive position and results may be materially adversely affected. - 17 - We must effectively manage complexity as we develop and deliver high-quality products and customer experiences.

The majority of the CCPA provisions went into effect on or before January 1, 2023, and regulations for the CPRA are still forthcoming. Other jurisdictions have enacted or are considering privacy and security legislation or regulations. Each jurisdiction’s unique requirements, and the variations across the jurisdictions, present further ongoing compliance challenges.

Data privacy and security regulations impose complex compliance and reporting requirements and challenges. Various jurisdictions have enacted or are considering privacy and security legislation or regulations. Each jurisdiction’s unique requirements, and the variations across the jurisdictions, present further ongoing compliance challenges.

In conjunction with this effort, we are expecting to implement changes to our monthly financial closing processes, including changes to our accounting calendar, in the fourth quarter of 2023.

In conjunction with this effort, in the fourth quarter of 2023, we converted our monthly accounting closing calendar to align with the Gregorian calendar (e.g., January-31 days, February-28/29 days, March-31 days).

These could include increased regulatory requirements, unprofitable insurance or investment operations, or significant growth in the insurance premiums that we write, among others.

We may need to acquire additional capital, from time to time, as a result of many factors, including increased regulatory requirements, unprofitable insurance or investment operations, or significant growth in the insurance premiums that we write, among other factors.

We cannot predict what, if any, regulatory actions may be taken with regard to “big data,” but any limitations could have a material impact on our business, business processes, financial condition, and results of operations.

We cannot predict what other regulatory actions may be taken with regard to AI but any limitations, or any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with any such requirements, could have an adverse impact on our business.

Technological and societal changes may lead to changes in customers’ preferences as to how they want to interact with us.

Innovations must be implemented in compliance with applicable insurance regulations and may require extensive modifications to our systems and processes and extensive coordination with and reliance on the systems of third parties. Technological and societal changes may lead to changes in customers’ preferences as to how they want to interact with us.

Extension risk is the risk that a security may not be redeemed when anticipated, adversely affecting the value of the security and preventing the reinvestment of the principal at higher market rates. • Liquidity risk – discussed separately below. - 21 - In addition, the success of our investment strategies and asset allocations in the fixed-income portfolio may vary depending on the market environment.

In addition, the success of our investment strategies and asset allocations in the fixed-income portfolio may vary depending on the market environment.

Removed

While we expend significant resources on these defensive measures, our systems are being threatened on a regular basis and our efforts may be insufficient to prevent or defend against an attack.

Added

Cybersecurity risks rapidly evolve and are complex, so we must continually adapt and enhance our processes and technological defenses. As we do this, we must make judgments about where to invest resources to most effectively protect ourselves from cybersecurity risks.

Removed

This risk may be heightened during periods in which an epidemic, a pandemic or other widespread health risk exists.

Added

These are inherently challenging judgements and we can provide no assurance that processes and technological defenses that we implement will be effective. Our business could be significantly damaged by a security breach, data loss or corruption, or cyber-attack.

Removed

Often, detailed information on our competitors becomes available on a delayed basis, and the nature of the market becomes apparent only in retrospect.

Added

Additionally, we may fail to meet our related commitments, targets, or aspirations in these areas, and also could determine that it is in the best interest of the company and our shareholders to prioritize other business priorities ahead of our efforts in these areas.

Removed

Data privacy and security regulations impose complex compliance and reporting requirements and challenges. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which was passed by a consumer initiative in 2018, was amended in 2020 by the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) to afford California residents additional rights.

Added

In addition, innovations by competitors or other market participants may increase the level of competition in the industry.

Removed

These lawsuits have included cases alleging damages as a result of, among other things, our subsidiaries’ methods used for evaluating and paying medical or injury claims or benefits (including certain bodily injury, personal injury protection, uninsured motorist/underinsured motorist (UM/UIM), and medical payment claims) and for reimbursing medical costs incurred by Medicare/Medicaid beneficiaries; other claims handling practices and procedures, including challenges relating to our network of repair facilities, our methods used for estimating physical damage to vehicles for repair purposes and for evaluating the actual cash value of total loss vehicles, including our application of a negotiation adjustment in calculating total loss valuations, our payment of fees and taxes, our subrogation and salvage practices, and our handling of diminution of value claims; our assessment of fees related to insufficient funds or reversed payments; interpretations of the provisions of our insurance policies; our insurance product design; our premium actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; rating practices; certain marketing, sales, services, implementation and renewal practices and procedures, including with respect to accessibility; our Snapshot program; certain relationships with independent insurance agents; patent matters; alleged violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act; commercial disputes, including breach of contract; and certain employment practices, including claims relating to pay practices and fair employment practices, among other matters.

Added

We have developed, and used for many years, new technologies, including machine learning, predictive models, algorithms, automated processes, and other forms of traditional artificial intelligence (AI), and will in the future develop and use AI and other new technologies in our business.

Removed

The elimination of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) may adversely affect the interest rates on and value of certain floating rate securities and other instruments that we hold.

Added

As with many technological innovations, the growing development and use of generative AI (GenAI) presents additional risks that may adversely affect our business. GenAI might produce or reveal datasets that are flawed or insufficient or contain biased information, which could result in unintentionally and unfairly discriminatory outcomes in our business processes.

Removed

LIBOR, a common benchmark interest rate (or reference rate) used to set and make adjustments to interest rates for certain floating rate securities and other financial instruments, is being phased out over time.

Added

These deficiencies could also undermine the associated predictions, analysis, or decisions GenAI applications produce or the business decisions we make based on this information. We could face challenges on whether we use GenAI in our business processes in a responsible, compliant, and effective manner.

Removed

Although instruments issued since 2022 should no longer tie interest rates to LIBOR, securities issued in 2021 and earlier and held in our portfolio may continue to do so.

Added

Since GenAI is subject to public debate, and depending on how observers view our development and use of GenAI, we could be subject to criticism or experience an adverse impact on our brand or reputation, which could decrease demand for our products or services, create difficulties in our ability to recruit and retain employees, negatively impact our stock price, and lead to greater regulatory scrutiny of our businesses.

Removed

As the phase out continues, these legacy securities may be adversely affected if they either do not provide for the automatic substitution of another reference rate, convert to another reference rate that has material differences from LIBOR, or convert to another reference rate or a fixed rate that could be less favorable to us.

Added

Additionally, one or more of our key vendors may begin to use GenAI in their business in a manner that does not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory standards. Furthermore, our competitors or other third parties may be able to incorporate GenAI into their products more quickly, or more successfully, than us.

Removed

In December 2022, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued a final rule that identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a tenor spread adjustment as the replacement rate for LIBOR on securities governed by U.S. law that do not specify a clearly defined successor benchmark.

… 14 more changes not shown on this page.

Item 2. Properties

Properties — owned and leased real estate

3 edited+0 added−0 removed0 unchanged

2022 filing

2023 filing

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES All of our properties are owned or leased by subsidiaries of The Progressive Corporation and are used for office functions (corporate, claims, and business unit), as call centers, as data centers, for training, or for warehouse space. At December 31, 2022, we owned 71 buildings located throughout the United States.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES All of our properties are owned or leased by subsidiaries of The Progressive Corporation and are used for office functions, as call centers, as data centers, for training, or for warehouse space. At December 31, 2023, we owned 65 buildings located throughout the United States. About half of these buildings are claims offices.

About 55% of these buildings are claims offices. Our owned facilities, which contain approximately 4.7 million square feet of space, are generally not segregated by segment. We own significant locations in Mayfield Village, Ohio and surrounding suburbs (including our corporate headquarters); Colorado Springs, Colorado; St. Petersburg, Florida; and Tampa, Florida.

Our owned facilities, which contain approximately 4.5 million square feet of space, are generally not segregated by segment. We own significant locations in Mayfield Village, Ohio and surrounding suburbs (including our corporate headquarters); Colorado Springs, Colorado; St. Petersburg, Florida; and Tampa, Florida. We lease approximately 2.1 million square feet of space throughout the United States.

We lease approximately 2.2 million square feet of space throughout the United States. These leases are generally short-term to medium-term leases of commercial space.

These leases are generally short-term to medium-term leases of commercial space.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Mine Safety Disclosures — required of mining issuers

1 edited+0 added−0 removed0 unchanged

2022 filing

2023 filing

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Incorporated by reference from information with respect to executive officers of The Progressive Corporation and its subsidiaries set forth in Part III, Item 10 of this Form 10-K, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.” - 27 - PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity

Market for Common Equity — stock, dividends, buybacks

3 edited+0 added−0 removed3 unchanged

2022 filing

2023 filing

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Market Information Progressive’s Common Shares, $1.00 par value, are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol PGR. Holders We had 1,750 shareholders of record on January 31, 2023.

During the fourth quarter 2022, all repurchases were accomplished in conjunction with our equity incentive awards or through the open market at the then-current market prices. Progressive’s financial policies state that we will repurchase shares to neutralize dilution from equity-based compensation in the year of issuance and as an option to effectively use underleveraged capital.

During the fourth quarter 2023, all repurchases were accomplished in conjunction with our equity incentive awards or through the open market at the then-current market prices. Progressive’s financial policies state that we will repurchase shares to neutralize dilution from equity-based compensation in the year of issuance and as an option to effectively use under-leveraged capital.

Purchase of Equity Securities ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 2022 Calendar Month Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 44,920 $ 122.11 455,101 24,544,899 November 42,193 128.40 497,294 24,502,706 December 74,454 128.60 571,748 24,428,252 Total 161,567 $ 126.74 In May 2022, the Board of Directors approved an authorization for the Company to repurchase up to 25 million of its common shares.

Purchase of Equity Securities ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 2023 Calendar Month Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs October 79,457 $ 150.26 426,809 24,573,191 November 299,855 163.11 726,664 24,273,336 December 274 163.55 726,938 24,273,062 Total 379,586 $ 160.42 In May 2023, the Board of Directors approved an authorization for the Company to repurchase up to 25 million of its common shares.

Other PGR 10-K year-over-year comparisons

ACGL

Arch Capital Group

Revenue

$4.9B

Net Profit

$1.2B

Next Earnings Apr 28, 2026

Chubb Limited

Revenue

$15.1B

Net Profit

$3.2B

CINF

Cincinnati Financial

Revenue

$3.1B

Net Profit

$676.0M

Next Earnings Apr 27, 2026

TRV

Travelers Companies (The)

Revenue

$12.4B

Net Profit

$2.5B

MKL

MARKEL GROUP INC.

Revenue

$3.6B

Net Profit

$576.8M

RNR

RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD

Revenue

$3.0B

Net Profit

$760.5M

Next Earnings Apr 28, 2026

CNA

CNA FINANCIAL CORP

Revenue

$389.0M

Net Profit

$302.0M

Next Earnings May 4, 2026

AFG

AMERICAN FINANCIAL GROUP INC

Revenue

$2.1B

Net Profit

$299.0M

Next Earnings Apr 29, 2026